1
|
Hong Z, Wang X, Fang Y, Deng L, Li L, Zhu Z. Restructuring Surface Lewis Pairs of FAU Zeolite through N Doping for Boosting the Toluene Side-Chain Alkylation Performance. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3258-3266. [PMID: 38320256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Toluene side-chain alkylation with methanol for the styrene monomer formation remains a great challenge. An optimal synergy between acidic and basic sites on zeolites is required for an efficient catalysis process. It is important to modulate the surface Lewis acid-base pairs precisely. Herein, we report a strategy to restructure the surface Lewis acid-base pairs in cesium-modified X zeolite (CsX) by N doping. In the process of toluene side-chain alkylation, the CsX-BN-600 catalyst, where N species is doped into the framework of the X zeolite, exhibits 2.7 times the styrene formation rate and a much better selectivity of 85.7% in comparison to the parent CsX of 70.1% selectivity to styrene at the same reaction conditions. The introduction of N species into zeolites acts as a new Lewis base site and optimizes the Lewis sites due to its ability of electron donation. Meanwhile, the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) between the deprotonated framework nitrogen in X zeolite and positively polarized C species in the side-chain alkylation reaction is created. Furthermore, the N doping contributes to the generation of the active intermediates of HCOO* and H3CO*. These reasons favor the superiority of the catalyst through N doping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Hong
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingsen Fang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihua Deng
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhirong Zhu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zornes A, Abdul Rahman NB, Das OR, Gomez LA, Crossley S, Resasco DE, White JL. Impact of Low-Temperature Water Exposure and Removal on Zeolite HY. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1132-1143. [PMID: 38156885 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous-phase postsynthetic modifications of the industrially important Y-type zeolite are commonly used to change overall acid site concentrations, introduce stabilizing rare-earth cations, impart bifunctional character through metal cation exchange, and tailor the distribution of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. Zeolite Y is known to undergo framework degradation in the presence of both vapor- and liquid-phase water at temperatures exceeding 100 °C, and rare-earth exchanged and stabilized HY catalysts are commonly used for fluidized catalytic cracking due to their increased hydrothermal resilience. Here, using detailed spectroscopy, crystallography, and flow-reactor experiments, we reveal unexpected decreases in Brønsted acid site (BAS) density for zeolite HY following exposure even to room-temperature liquid water. These data indicate that aqueous-phase ion-exchange procedures commonly used to modify zeolite Y are impacted by the liquid water and its removal, even when fractional heating rates and inert conditions much less severe than standard practice are used for catalyst dehydration. X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, and spectroscopic analyses reveal that the majority of framework degradation occurs during the removal of a strongly bound water fraction in HY, which does not form when NH4Y is immersed in liquid water and which leads to reduced acidity in HY even when dehydration conditions much milder than those typically practiced are employed. Na+-exchanged HY prepared via room-temperature aqueous dissolution demonstrates that Brønsted acid sites are lost in excess of the theoretical maximum that is possible from sodium titration. The structural impact of low-temperature aqueous-phase ion-exchange methods complicates the interpretation of subsequent data and likely explains the wide variation in reported acid site concentrations and catalytic activity of HY zeolites with high-Al content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anya Zornes
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Nabihan B Abdul Rahman
- School of Sustainable Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Omio Rani Das
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Laura A Gomez
- School of Sustainable Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Steven Crossley
- School of Sustainable Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Daniel E Resasco
- School of Sustainable Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Jeffery L White
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu L, Mezari B, Kosinov N, Hensen EJM. Al Promotion of In 2O 3 for CO 2 Hydrogenation to Methanol. ACS Catal 2023; 13:15730-15745. [PMID: 38125979 PMCID: PMC10728901 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In2O3 is a promising catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol, relevant to renewable energy storage in chemicals. Herein, we investigated the promoting role of Al on In2O3 using flame spray pyrolysis to prepare a series of In2O3-Al2O3 samples in a single step (0-20 mol % Al). Al promoted the methanol yield, with an optimum being observed at an Al content of 5 mol %. Extensive characterization showed that Al can dope into the In2O3 lattice (maximum ∼ 1.2 mol %), leading to the formation of more oxygen vacancies involved in CO2 adsorption and methanol formation. The rest of Al is present as small Al2O3 domains at the In2O3 surface, blocking the active sites for CO2 hydrogenation and contributing to higher CO selectivity. At higher Al content (≥10 mol % Al), the particle size of In2O3 decreases due to the stabilizing effect of Al2O3. Nevertheless, these smaller particles are prone to sintering during CO2 hydrogenation since they appear to be more easily reduced. These findings show subtle effects of a structural promoter such as Al on the reducibility and texture of In2O3 as a CO2 hydrogenation catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials
and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Brahim Mezari
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials
and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolay Kosinov
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials
and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials
and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mendoza-Castro MJ, Qie Z, Fan X, Linares N, García-Martínez J. Tunable hybrid zeolites prepared by partial interconversion. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1256. [PMID: 36878918 PMCID: PMC9988824 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zeolite interconversion is a widely used strategy due to its unique advantages in the synthesis of some zeolites. By using a long-chain quaternary amine as both a structure-directing agent and porogen, we have produced superior catalysts, which we named Hybrid Zeolites, as their structures are made of building units of different zeolite types. The properties of these materials can be conveniently tuned, and their catalytic performance can be optimized simply by stopping the interconversion at different times. For cracking the 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene, Hybrid Zeolites made of FAU and MFI units show a 5-fold increase in selectivity towards the desired product, that is, 1,3-diisopropylbenzene, compared to the commercial FAU, and a 7-fold increase in conversion at constant selectivity compared to MFI zeolite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica J Mendoza-Castro
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente-Alicante s/n, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | - Zhipeng Qie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, 100124, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 211 Xingguang Road, 315100, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, 325006, Wenzhou, China
| | - Noemi Linares
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente-Alicante s/n, 03690, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Javier García-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente-Alicante s/n, 03690, Alicante, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu M, Wang C, Chu Y, Wang Q, Li S, Xu J, Deng F. Unravelling the Reactivity of Framework Lewis Acid Sites towards Methanol Activation on H‐ZSM‐5 Zeolite with Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207400. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yueying Chu
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shenhui Li
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Feng Deng
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu M, Wang C, Chu Y, Wang Q, Li S, Xu J, Deng F. Unravelling the Reactivity of Framework Lewis Acid Sites towards Methanol Activation on H‐ZSM‐5 Zeolite with Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics CHINA
| | - Chao Wang
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics CHINA
| | - Yueying Chu
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics CHINA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics CHINA
| | - Shenhui Li
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics CHINA
| | - Jun Xu
- wuhan institute of physics and mathematics state key laboratory of magnetic resonance and atomic and molecular physics West No.30 Xiao Hong Shan 430071 Wuhan CHINA
| | - Feng Deng
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen W, Yi X, Liu Z, Tang X, Zheng A. Carbocation chemistry confined in zeolites: spectroscopic and theoretical characterizations. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4337-4385. [PMID: 35536126 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00966d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acid-catalyzed reactions inside zeolites are one type of broadly applied industrial reactions, where carbocations are the most common intermediates of these reaction processes, including methanol to olefins, alkene/aromatic alkylation, and hydrocarbon cracking/isomerization. The fundamental research on these acid-catalyzed reactions is focused on the stability, evolution, and lifetime of carbocations under the zeolite confinement effect, which greatly affects the efficiency, selectivity and deactivation of zeolite catalysts. Therefore, a profound understanding of the carbocations confined in zeolites is not only beneficial to explain the reaction mechanism but also drive the design of new zeolite catalysts with ideal acidity and cages/channels. In this review, we provide both an in-depth understanding of the stabilization of carbocations by the pore confinement effect and summary of the advanced characterization methods to capture carbocations in zeolites, including UV-vis spectroscopy, solid-state NMR, fluorescence microscopy, IR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Also, we clarify the relationship between the activity and stability of carbocations in zeolite-catalyzed reactions, and further highlight the role of carbocations in various hydrocarbon conversion reactions inside zeolites with diverse frameworks and varying acidic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
| | - Xianfeng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
| | - Anmin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gomes GJ, Zalazar MF, Arroyo PA. New Insights into the Effect of the Zeolites Framework Topology on the Esterification Reactions: A Comparative Study from Experiments and Theoretical Calculations. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Hui Y, Zheng J, Qin Y, Du X, Zu Y, Yang J, Sun S, Gao X, Sun Z, Song L. Insight into the Nature and the Transformation of the Hydroxyl Species in the CeY zeolite. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01564h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nature and the transformation of each potential hydroxyl species in a Ce-modified Y zeolite during the calcination process have been investigated via the information of the hydroxyl spectra of...
Collapse
|
10
|
Li S, Lin Y, Li Y. Understanding the Catalytic Activity of Microporous and Mesoporous Zeolites in Cracking by Experiments and Simulations. Catalysts 2021; 11:1114. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous zeolite catalysts have been widely used in the industry for the conversion of fuel-range molecules for decades. They have the advantages of higher surface area, better hydrothermal stability, and superior shape selectivity, which make them ideal catalysts for hydrocarbon cracking in the petrochemical industry. However, the catalytic activity and selectivity of zeolites for hydrocarbon cracking are significantly affected by the zeolite topology and composition. The aim of this review is to survey recent investigations on hydrocarbon cracking and secondary reactions in micro- and mesoporous zeolites, with the emphasis on the studies of the effects of different porous environments and active site structures on alkane adsorption and activation at the molecular level. The pros and cons of different computational methods used for zeolite simulations are also discussed in this review.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pham TN, Nguyen V, Wang B, White JL, Crossley S. Quantifying the Influence of Water on the Mobility of Aluminum Species and Their Effects on Alkane Cracking in Zeolites. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tram N. Pham
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Vy Nguyen
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Jeffery L. White
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Steven Crossley
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| |
Collapse
|