1
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Hwang ET. Management of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae with physical control methods by inorganic material and future perspectives. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102772. [PMID: 37245438 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry red mite (PRM), the ectoparasitic mite Dermanyssus gallinae found in laying hen farms, is a significant threat to poultry production and human health worldwide. It is a suspected disease vector and attacks hosts' other than chickens, including humans, and its economic importance has increased greatly. Different strategies to control PRM have been widely tested and investigated. In principle, several synthetic pesticides have been applied to control PRM. However, recent alternative control methods to avoid the side effects of pesticides have been introduced, although many remain in the early stage of commercialization. In particular, advances in material science have made various materials more affordable as alternatives for controlling PRM through physical interactions between PRM. This review provides a summary of PRM infestation, and then includes a discussion and comparison of different conventional approaches: 1) organic substances, 2) biological approaches, and 3) physical inorganic material treatment. The advantages of inorganic materials are discussed in detail, including the classification of materials, as well as the physical mechanism-induced effect on PRM. In this review, we also consider the perspective of using several synthetic inorganic materials to suggest novel strategies for improved monitoring and better information regarding treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Taek Hwang
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Mesecke K, Warr LN, Malorny W. Structure modeling and quantitative X-ray diffraction of C-(A)-S-H. J Appl Crystallogr 2022; 55:133-143. [PMID: 35145359 PMCID: PMC8805164 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721012668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative X-ray diffraction of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and its aluminium-substituted variants (C-A-S-H) has so far been limited by a lack of appropriate structure models. In this study, atomistic structure models derived from tobermorite were combined with a supercell approach using TOPAS. By accounting for nanostructural features such as isolated layers, turbostratic disorder and, for the first time, fibrils, characteristic reflections and asymmetric bands were more accurately simulated than before, providing the means for phase quantification and refinement of structural sites. This improved methodology is applied to autoclaved aerated concrete and the experimental study of related hydrothermal reactions. Scanning electron microscopy indicated a fibrillar morphology for intermediate C-(A)-S-H, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy constrained its Ca/Si ratio to 1.31-1.35. As a first step, the direct quantification of C-(A)-S-H via structure models was assessed by a series of X-ray diffraction measurements using corundum as an internal standard. Secondly, the verified structure model was applied to evaluate in situ X-ray diffraction experiments at 457, 466 and 473â
K (1.1, 1.35 and 1.55â
MPa, respectively). Finally, a quantitative study of industrially produced autoclaved aerated concrete was conducted, determining 20-30â
wt% C-(A)-S-H at Ca/Si ratios < 1.0. In general, the developed structure models advance the study of Portland cement concrete and related materials, including autoclaved aerated concrete, and the supercell approach may be universally applicable to other nanocrystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Mesecke
- Hochschule Wismar, Philipp-MĂŒller-StraĂe 14, 23966 Wismar, Germany
- University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-StraĂe 17A, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laurence N. Warr
- University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-StraĂe 17A, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Winfried Malorny
- Hochschule Wismar, Philipp-MĂŒller-StraĂe 14, 23966 Wismar, Germany
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3
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Yin C, Dannoux-papin A, Haas J, Esnouf S, Renault J. Investigation of mechanisms of radiolytic H2 production in C-S-H: Influence of water content and radiation induced defects. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022; 191:109865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Diaz Caselles L, Roosz C, Hot J, Blotevogel S, Cyr M. Immobilization of molybdenum by alternative cementitious binders and synthetic C-S-H: An experimental and numerical study. Sci Total Environ 2021; 789:148069. [PMID: 34323832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excavation operations during construction produce millions of tons of soil sometimes with high leachable molybdenum (Mo) contents, that can lead to risks for both human health and the environment. It is therefore necessary to immobilize the Mo in excavated soils to reduce pollution and lower the costs of soil disposal. This paper studies the immobilization of Mo by three cementitious binders. To this end, one Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), one binder composed of 90% ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and 10% OPC, and one supersulfated GGBS binder were spiked with sodium molybdate at six different Mo concentrations from 0.005 wt% to 10 wt% before curing. In addition, to gain mechanistic insights, the capacity of synthetic calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) to immobilize Mo was studied. This study was completed by thermodynamic modeling to predict the immobilization of Mo at low Mo concentrations (<0.005 wt%). Paste leaching tests results showed that more than 74% of the initial Mo spike was immobilized by the three binders. The supersulfated GGBS binder consistently showed the highest retention levels (92.0 to 99.7%). The precipitation of powellite (CaMoO4) was the dominant mechanism of Mo retention in all binders and most leaching solutions were oversaturated with respect to powellite. Also, in C-S-H syntheses, Mo was largely immobilized (>95%) by the coprecipitation of powellite. Thermodynamic modeling was in good agreement with measured values when the equilibrium constant of powellite was modified to LogK = -7.2. This suggested that powellite is less stable in cementitious environments than would be expected from thermodynamic databases. Moreover, modeling showed that, for a solution at equilibrium with portlandite or C-S-H, the Mo concentration is limited to 1.7 mg/L by powellite precipitation. In contrast, for a solution saturated with respect to ettringite, the threshold concentration for powellite precipitation is 6.5 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Diaz Caselles
- LMDC, INSA/UPS GĂ©nie Civil, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France.
| | - CĂ©dric Roosz
- LMDC, INSA/UPS GĂ©nie Civil, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France
| | - Julie Hot
- LMDC, INSA/UPS GĂ©nie Civil, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France
| | - Simon Blotevogel
- LMDC, INSA/UPS GĂ©nie Civil, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France
| | - Martin Cyr
- LMDC, INSA/UPS GĂ©nie Civil, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France
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5
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Abstract
Cement and concrete are rapidly growing in demand and pose many unresolved chemistry questions at particle interfaces, during hydration reactions, regarding the role of electrolytes and organic additives. Solutions through developing greener, more sustainable formulations are needed to reduce the high carbon footprint that amounts to 11% of global CO2 emissions. Cement is a multiphase material composed of calcium silicates, aluminates, and other mineral phases, produced from natural and low-cost industrial sources, which undergoes complex hydration reactions. This perspective highlights current research challenges and opportunities for new chemistry insight, including intriguing colloid and interface science problems that involve mineral surfaces, electrolytes, polymers, and hydration reactions. Specifically, we discuss (1) characteristics of cement phases, supplementary cementitious materials, and other constituents, (2) hydration reactions and the characterization by imaging and NMR spectroscopy, (3) the structure of hydrated cement phases including calcium-silicate-hydrates at different scales, (4) quantitative simulation techniques from the atomic scale to microscale kinetic models, and (5) the function of organic additives. Focusing on new directions, we explain the benefits of integrating knowledge from inorganic chemistry, acid-base chemistry, polymer chemistry, reaction mechanisms, and theory to describe mesoscale cement properties and bulk properties upon manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Heinz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hendrik Heinz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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6
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Gaboreau S, Grangeon S, Claret F, Ihiawakrim D, Ersen O, Montouillout V, Maubec N, Roosz C, Henocq P, Carteret C. Hydration Properties and Interlayer Organization in Synthetic C-S-H. Langmuir 2020; 36:9449-9464. [PMID: 32696647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water in calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) is one of the key parameters driving the macroscopic behavior of cement materials for which water vapor partial pressure has an impact on Young's modulus and the volumic properties. Several samples of C-S-H with a bulk Ca/Si ratio ranging between 0.6 and 1.6 were characterized to study their dehydration/hydration behavior under water-controlled conditions using29Si NMR, water adsorption volumetry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform near-infrared diffuse reflectance under various water pressures. Coherent with several previous studies, it was observed that an increase in the Ca/Si ratio is due to the progressive omission of Si bridging tetrahedra, with the resulting charge being compensated for by interlayer Ca, and that water conditioning influences the layer-to-layer distance and the achieved NMR spectral resolution. Water desorption experiments exhibit one step toward low relative pressure, accompanied by a decrease in the layer-to-layer distance. When sufficient energy is provided to the system (T â„ 40 °C under vacuum) to remove the interlayer water, the shrinkage/swelling is partially reversible in our experimental conditions. A change in layer-to-layer distance of less than 3 Ă
is measured in the C-S-H between the wet and dried states. When the bridging SiO2 tetrahedra are omitted, interlayer Ca interacts with layer O and water interacts with the cations and potentially with the surfaces. This structural organization is interpreted as a mid-plane monolayer of water in the interlayer space, this latter accounting for about 30% of the volume of C-S-H particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvain Grangeon
- BRGM, 3, avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans Cedex 2 F-45060, France
| | - Francis Claret
- BRGM, 3, avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans Cedex 2 F-45060, France
| | - Dris Ihiawakrim
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Valerie Montouillout
- CNRS-CEMHTI UPR 3079, 1D Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans cedex 2 45071, France
| | - Nicolas Maubec
- BRGM, 3, avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans Cedex 2 F-45060, France
| | - Cedric Roosz
- BRGM, 3, avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans Cedex 2 F-45060, France
| | - Pierre Henocq
- Andra, 1/7 rue Jean Monnet, Parc de la Croix Blanche, ChĂątenay-Malabry Cedex 92298, France
| | - CĂ©dric Carteret
- LCPME, UMR 7564, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 405 Rue de Vandoeuvre, Villers-les-Nancy 54600,France
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7
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Niuniavaite D, Baltakys K, Dambrauskas T, Eisinas A, Rubinaite D, Jaskunas A. Microstructure, Thermal Stability, and Catalytic Activity of Compounds Formed in CaO-SiO 2-Cr(NO 3) 3-H 2O System. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1299. [PMID: 32630781 PMCID: PMC7407582 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the thermal stability, microstructure, and catalytic activity in oxidation reactions of calcium silicate hydrates formed in the CaO-SiO2-Cr(NO3)3-H2O system under hydrothermal conditions were examined in detail. Dry primary mixture with a molar ratio of CaO/SiO2 = 1.5 was mixed with Cr(NO3)3 solution (c = 10 g Cr3+/dm3) to reach a solution/solid ratio of the suspension of 10.0:1. Hydrothermal synthesis was carried out in unstirred suspensions at 175 °C for 16 h. It was determined that, after treatment, semicrystalline calcium silicate hydrates C-S-H(I) and/or C-S-H(II) with incorporated Cr3+ ions (100 mg/g) were formed. The results of in situ X-ray diffraction and simultaneous thermal analyses showed that the products were stable until 500 °C, while, at higher temperatures, they recrystallized to calcium chromate (CaCrO4, 550 °C) and wollastonite (800-850 °C). It was determined that both the surface area and the shape of the dominant pore changed during calcination. Propanol oxidation experiments showed that synthetic semicrystalline calcium silicate hydrates with intercalated chromium ions are able to exchange oxygen during the heterogeneous oxidation process. The obtained results were confirmed by XRD, STA, FT-IR, TEM, SEM, and BET methods, and by propanol oxidation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domante Niuniavaite
- Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.N.); (T.D.); (A.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Kestutis Baltakys
- Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.N.); (T.D.); (A.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Tadas Dambrauskas
- Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.N.); (T.D.); (A.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Anatolijus Eisinas
- Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.N.); (T.D.); (A.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Dovile Rubinaite
- Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.N.); (T.D.); (A.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Andrius Jaskunas
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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8
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Kunhi Mohamed A, Moutzouri P, Berruyer P, Walder BJ, Siramanont J, Harris M, Negroni M, Galmarini SC, Parker SC, Scrivener KL, Emsley L, Bowen P. The Atomic-Level Structure of Cementitious Calcium Aluminate Silicate Hydrate. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11060-11071. [PMID: 32406680 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite use of blended cements containing significant amounts of aluminum for over 30 years, the structural nature of aluminum in the main hydration product, calcium aluminate silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H), remains elusive. Using first-principles calculations, we predict that aluminum is incorporated into the bridging sites of the linear silicate chains and that at high Ca:Si and H2O ratios, the stable coordination number of aluminum is six. Specifically, we predict that silicate-bridging [AlO2(OH)4]5- complexes are favored, stabilized by hydroxyl ligands and charge balancing calcium ions in the interlayer space. This structure is then confirmed experimentally by one- and two-dimensional dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced 27Al and 29Si solid-state NMR experiments. We notably assign a narrow 27Al NMR signal at 5 ppm to the silicate-bridging [AlO2(OH)4]5- sites and show that this signal correlates to 29Si NMR signals from silicates in C-A-S-H, conflicting with its conventional assignment to a "third aluminate hydrate" (TAH) phase. We therefore conclude that TAH does not exist. This resolves a long-standing dilemma about the location and nature of the six-fold-coordinated aluminum observed by 27Al NMR in C-A-S-H samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslam Kunhi Mohamed
- Laboratory of Construction Materials, Institut des MatĂ©riaux, Ăcole Polytechnique FĂ©dĂ©rale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute for Building Materials, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH ZĂŒrich, CH-8093 ZĂŒrich, Switzerland
| | - Pinelopi Moutzouri
- Institut des Sciences et IngĂ©nierie Chimiques, Ăcole Polytechnique FĂ©dĂ©rale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierrick Berruyer
- Institut des Sciences et IngĂ©nierie Chimiques, Ăcole Polytechnique FĂ©dĂ©rale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brennan J Walder
- Institut des Sciences et IngĂ©nierie Chimiques, Ăcole Polytechnique FĂ©dĂ©rale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jirawan Siramanont
- Laboratory of Construction Materials, Institut des MatĂ©riaux, Ăcole Polytechnique FĂ©dĂ©rale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,SCG CEMENT Co., Ltd., Saraburi 18260, Thailand
| | - Maya Harris
- Laboratory of Construction Materials, Institut des MatĂ©riaux, Ăcole Polytechnique FĂ©dĂ©rale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Negroni
- Institut des Sciences et IngĂ©nierie Chimiques, Ăcole Polytechnique FĂ©dĂ©rale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra C Galmarini
- Building Energy Materials and Components, EMPA, CH-8600 DĂŒbendorf, Switzerland
| | - Stephen C Parker
- Computational Solid State Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Karen L Scrivener
- Laboratory of Construction Materials, Institut des MatĂ©riaux, Ăcole Polytechnique FĂ©dĂ©rale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et IngĂ©nierie Chimiques, Ăcole Polytechnique FĂ©dĂ©rale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Bowen
- Laboratory of Construction Materials, Institut des MatĂ©riaux, Ăcole Polytechnique FĂ©dĂ©rale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Yin C, Dannoux-papin A, Haas J, Renault J. Influence of calcium to silica ratio on H2 gas production in calcium silicate hydrate. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019; 162:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Cuesta A, De la Torre ĂG, Santacruz I, Diaz A, Trtik P, Holler M, Lothenbach B, Aranda MAG. Quantitative disentanglement of nanocrystalline phases in cement pastes by synchrotron ptychographic X-ray tomography. IUCrJ 2019; 6:473-491. [PMID: 31098028 PMCID: PMC6503921 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252519003774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mortars and concretes are ubiquitous materials with very complex hierarchical microstructures. To fully understand their main properties and to decrease their CO2 footprint, a sound description of their spatially resolved mineralogy is necessary. Developing this knowledge is very challenging as about half of the volume of hydrated cement is a nanocrystalline component, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel. Furthermore, other poorly crystalline phases (e.g. iron siliceous hydrogarnet or silica oxide) may coexist, which are even more difficult to characterize. Traditional spatially resolved techniques such as electron microscopy involve complex sample preparation steps that often lead to artefacts (e.g. dehydration and microstructural changes). Here, synchrotron ptychographic tomography has been used to obtain spatially resolved information on three unaltered representative samples: neat Portland paste, Portland-calcite and Portland-fly-ash blend pastes with a spatial resolution below 100â
nm in samples with a volume of up to 5 Ă 104â
”m3. For the neat Portland paste, the ptychotomographic study gave densities of 2.11 and 2.52â
gâ
cm-3 and a content of 41.1 and 6.4â
vol% for nanocrystalline C-S-H gel and poorly crystalline iron siliceous hydrogarnet, respectively. Furthermore, the spatially resolved volumetric mass-density information has allowed characterization of inner-product and outer-product C-S-H gels. The average density of the inner-product C-S-H is smaller than that of the outer product and its variability is larger. Full characterization of the pastes, including segmentation of the different components, is reported and the contents are compared with the results obtained by thermodynamic modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cuesta
- Departamento de QuĂmica InorgĂĄnica, CristalografĂa y MineralogĂa, Universidad de MĂĄlaga, 29071-Malaga, Spain
| | - Ăngeles G. De la Torre
- Departamento de QuĂmica InorgĂĄnica, CristalografĂa y MineralogĂa, Universidad de MĂĄlaga, 29071-Malaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Santacruz
- Departamento de QuĂmica InorgĂĄnica, CristalografĂa y MineralogĂa, Universidad de MĂĄlaga, 29071-Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Trtik
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mirko Holler
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lothenbach
- EMPA, Laboratory for Concrete and Construction Chemistry, Ăberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 DĂŒbendorf, Switzerland
| | - Miguel A. G. Aranda
- Departamento de QuĂmica InorgĂĄnica, CristalografĂa y MineralogĂa, Universidad de MĂĄlaga, 29071-Malaga, Spain
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, E-08290 Cerdanyola del VallĂšs, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Orozco CA, Chun BW, Geng G, Emwas AH, Monteiro PJM. Characterization of the Bonds Developed between Calcium Silicate Hydrate and Polycarboxylate-Based Superplasticizers with Silyl Functionalities. Langmuir 2017; 33:3404-3412. [PMID: 28328229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Major developments in concrete technology have been achieved with the use of polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers (PCEs) to improve the concrete rheology without increasing the mix water content. Currently, it is possible to control the fluidity of the fresh concrete and obtain stronger and more durable structures. Therefore, there is a strong incentive to understand the interactions between PCEs and cement hydrates at the atomic scale to design new customized functional PCEs according to the ever-increasing requirements of the concrete industry. Here, the bonding types generated between a PCE with silyl functionalities (PCE-Sil) and a synthetic calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) are analyzed using XRD, 29Si NMR spectroscopy, and synchrotron-based techniques, such as NEXAFS and EXAFS. The results indicated that the carboxylic groups present in PCE-Sil interact by a ligand-type bond with calcium, which modified not only the symmetry and coordination number of the calcium located at the surface of C-S-H but also the neighboring silicon atoms of the C-S-H. In addition, the silyl functionalities of the PCE-Sil generated covalent bonds through siloxane bridges between the silanol groups of PCE-Sil and the nonbonding oxygen located at the dimeric sites in C-S-H, forming new bridging silicon sites and subsequently increasing the silicate polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Orozco
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720 United States
- Research and Development Center, R&D Cementos Argos S.A , Medellin 050022, Colombia
| | - Byong W Chun
- Grace Construction Products, W. R. Grace & Co. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Guoqing Geng
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Abdul H Emwas
- NMR Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paulo J M Monteiro
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720 United States
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12
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Grangeon S, Fernandez-Martinez A, Baronnet A, Marty N, Poulain A, ElkaĂŻm E, Roosz C, Gaboreau S, Henocq P, Claret F. Quantitative X-ray pair distribution function analysis of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrates: a contribution to the understanding of cement chemistry. J Appl Crystallogr 2017; 50:14-21. [PMID: 28190991 PMCID: PMC5294392 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716017404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the X-ray pair distribution function collected on calcium silicate hydrates having Ca/Si ratios ranging between 0.57 and 1.47 was applied. With increasing Ca/Si ratio, Si bridging tetrahedra are omitted and Ca(OH)2 is detected at the highest ratios. The structural evolution of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrate (CâSâH) as a function of its calcium to silicon (Ca/Si) ratio has been probed using qualitative and quantitative X-ray atomic pair distribution function analysis of synchrotron X-ray scattering data. Whatever the Ca/Si ratio, the CâSâH structure is similar to that of tobermorite. When the Ca/Si ratio increases from âŒ0.6 to âŒ1.2, Si wollastonite-like chains progressively depolymerize through preferential omission of Si bridging tetrahedra. When the Ca/Si ratio approaches âŒ1.5, nanosheets of portlandite are detected in samples aged for 1â
d, while microcrystalline portlandite is detected in samples aged for 1â
year. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging shows that the tobermorite-like structure is maintained to Ca/Si > 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Grangeon
- D3E/SVP, BRGM (French Geological Survey) , 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans, 45060, France
| | | | - Alain Baronnet
- CINaM UMR 7325, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, 13288, France; CINaM UMR 7325, CNRS, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - Nicolas Marty
- D3E/SVP, BRGM (French Geological Survey) , 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans, 45060, France
| | - Agnieszka Poulain
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Erik ElkaĂŻm
- Synchrotron Soleil , L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, BP 48 91192, France
| | - CĂ©dric Roosz
- Scientific Division, Andra , 1-7 Rue Jean Monnet, Parc de la Croix Blanche, Chatenay-Malabry Cedex, 92298, France
| | - Stéphane Gaboreau
- D3E/SVP, BRGM (French Geological Survey) , 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans, 45060, France
| | - Pierre Henocq
- Scientific Division, Andra , 1-7 Rue Jean Monnet, Parc de la Croix Blanche, Chatenay-Malabry Cedex, 92298, France
| | - Francis Claret
- D3E/SVP, BRGM (French Geological Survey) , 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans, 45060, France
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