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Qian Y, Scheinost AC, Grangeon S, Greneche JM, Hoving A, Bourhis E, Maubec N, Churakov SV, Fernandes MM. Oxidation State and Structure of Fe in Nontronite: From Oxidizing to Reducing Conditions. ACS Earth Space Chem 2023; 7:1868-1881. [PMID: 37881367 PMCID: PMC10594735 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The redox reaction between natural Fe-containing clay minerals and its sorbates is a fundamental process controlling the cycles of many elements such as carbon, nutrients, redox-sensitive metals, and metalloids (e.g., Co, Mn, As, Se), and inorganic as well as organic pollutants in Earth's critical zone. While the structure of natural clay minerals under oxic conditions is well-known, less is known about their behavior under anoxic and reducing conditions, thereby impeding a full understanding of the mechanisms of clay-driven reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions especially under reducing conditions. Here we investigate the structure of a ferruginous natural clay smectite, nontronite, under different redox conditions, and compare several methods for the determination of iron redox states. Iron in nontronite was gradually reduced chemically with the citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) method. 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy including its pre-edge, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, and mediated electrochemical oxidation and reduction (MEO/MER) provided consistent Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratios. By combining X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we show that the long-range structure of nontronite at the highest obtained reduction degree of 44% Fe(II) is not different from that of fully oxidized nontronite except for a slight basal plane dissolution on the external surfaces. The short-range order probed by EXAFS spectroscopy suggests, however, an increasing structural disorder and Fe clustering with increasing reduction of structural Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Qian
- Laboratory
for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute
for Geological Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas C. Scheinost
- The
Rossendorf Beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
(ESRF), Avenue des Martyrs
71, 38043, Grenoble, France
- Helmholtz
Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Institute of
Resource Ecology, Bautzner
Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Marc Greneche
- Institut
des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans IMMM UMR CNRS 6283,
Le Mans Université, 72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Alwina Hoving
- TNO
Geological Survey of The Netherlands,
P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Bourhis
- Interfaces,
Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures (ICMN), CNRS/Université
d’Orléans, UMR 7374, 1b rue de la Férollerie, CS 40059, 45071 Orléans, France
| | | | - Sergey V. Churakov
- Laboratory
for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute
for Geological Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Linschoten M, Uijl A, Schut A, Jakob CEM, Romão LR, Bell RM, McFarlane E, Stecher M, Zondag AGM, van Iperen EPA, Hermans-van Ast W, Lea NC, Schaap J, Jewbali LS, Smits PC, Patel RS, Aujayeb A, van der Harst P, Siebelink HJ, van Smeden M, Williams S, Pilgram L, van Gilst WH, Tieleman RG, Williams B, Asselbergs FW, Al-Ali AK, Al-Muhanna FA, Al-Rubaish AM, Al-Windy NYY, Alkhalil M, Almubarak YA, Alnafie AN, Alshahrani M, Alshehri AM, Anning C, Anthonio RL, Badings EA, Ball C, van Beek EA, ten Berg JM, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Bianco M, Blagova OV, Bleijendaal H, Bor WL, Borgmann S, van Boxem AJM, van den Brink FS, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, van Bussel BCT, Byrom-Goulthorp R, Captur G, Caputo M, Charlotte N, vom Dahl J, Dark P, De Sutter J, Degenhardt C, Delsing CE, Dolff S, Dorman HGR, Drost JT, Eberwein L, Emans ME, Er AG, Ferreira JB, Forner MJ, Friedrichs A, Gabriel L, Groenemeijer BE, Groenendijk AL, Grüner B, Guggemos W, Haerkens-Arends HE, Hanses F, Hedayat B, Heigener D, van der Heijden DJ, Hellou E, Hellwig K, Henkens MTHM, Hermanides RS, Hermans WRM, van Hessen MWJ, Heymans SRB, Hilt AD, van der Horst ICC, Hower M, van Ierssel SH, Isberner N, Jensen B, Kearney MT, van Kesteren HAM, Kielstein JT, Kietselaer BLJH, Kochanek M, Kolk MZH, Koning AMH, Kopylov PY, Kuijper AFM, Kwakkel-van Erp JM, Lanznaster J, van der Linden MMJM, van der Lingen ACJ, Linssen GCM, Lomas D, Maarse M, Macías Ruiz R, Magdelijns FJH, Magro M, Markart P, Martens FMAC, Mazzilli SG, McCann GP, van der Meer P, Meijs MFL, Merle U, Messiaen P, Milovanovic M, Monraats PS, Montagna L, Moriarty A, Moss AJ, Mosterd A, Nadalin S, Nattermann J, Neufang M, Nierop PR, Offerhaus JA, van Ofwegen-Hanekamp CEE, Parker E, Persoon AM, Piepel C, Pinto YM, Poorhosseini H, Prasad S, Raafs AG, Raichle C, Rauschning D, Redón J, Reidinga AC, Ribeiro MIA, Riedel C, Rieg S, Ripley DP, Römmele C, Rothfuss K, Rüddel J, Rüthrich MM, Salah R, Saneei E, Saxena M, Schellings DAAM, Scholte NTB, Schubert J, Seelig J, Shafiee A, Shore AC, Spinner C, Stieglitz S, Strauss R, Sturkenboom NH, Tessitore E, Thomson RJ, Timmermans P, Tio RA, Tjong FVY, Tometten L, Trauth J, den Uil CA, Van Craenenbroeck EM, van Veen HPAA, Vehreschild MJGT, Veldhuis LI, Veneman T, Verschure DO, Voigt I, de Vries JK, van de Wal RMA, Walter L, van de Watering DJ, Westendorp ICD, Westendorp PHM, Westhoff T, Weytjens C, Wierda E, Wille K, de With K, Worm M, Woudstra P, Wu KW, Zaal R, Zaman AG, van der Zee PM, Zijlstra LE, Alling TE, Ahmed R, van Aken K, Bayraktar-Verver ECE, Bermúdez Jiménes FJ, Biolé CA, den Boer-Penning P, Bontje M, Bos M, Bosch L, Broekman M, Broeyer FJF, de Bruijn EAW, Bruinsma S, Cardoso NM, Cosyns B, van Dalen DH, Dekimpe E, Domange J, van Doorn JL, van Doorn P, Dormal F, Drost IMJ, Dunnink A, van Eck JWM, Elshinawy K, Gevers RMM, Gognieva DG, van der Graaf M, Grangeon S, Guclu A, Habib A, Haenen NA, Hamilton K, Handgraaf S, Heidbuchel H, Hendriks-van Woerden M, Hessels-Linnemeijer BM, Hosseini K, Huisman J, Jacobs TC, Jansen SE, Janssen A, Jourdan K, ten Kate GL, van Kempen MJ, Kievit CM, Kleikers P, Knufman N, van der Kooi SE, Koole BAS, Koole MAC, Kui KK, Kuipers-Elferink L, Lemoine I, Lensink E, van Marrewijk V, van Meerbeeck JP, Meijer EJ, Melein AJ, Mesitskaya DF, van Nes CPM, Paris FMA, Perrelli MG, Pieterse-Rots A, Pisters R, Pölkerman BC, van Poppel A, Reinders S, Reitsma MJ, Ruiter AH, Selder JL, van der Sluis A, Sousa AIC, Tajdini M, Tercedor Sánchez L, Van De Heyning CM, Vial H, Vlieghe E, Vonkeman HE, Vreugdenhil P, de Vries TAC, Willems AM, Wils AM, Zoet-Nugteren SK. Clinical presentation, disease course, and outcome of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with and without pre-existing cardiac disease: a cohort study across 18 countries. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:1104-1120. [PMID: 34734634 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Patients with cardiac disease are considered high risk for poor outcomes following hospitalization with COVID-19. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate heterogeneity in associations between various heart disease subtypes and in-hospital mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS We used data from the CAPACITY-COVID registry and LEOSS study. Multivariable Poisson regression models were fitted to assess the association between different types of pre-existing heart disease and in-hospital mortality. A total of 16 511 patients with COVID-19 were included (21.1% aged 66-75 years; 40.2% female) and 31.5% had a history of heart disease. Patients with heart disease were older, predominantly male, and often had other comorbid conditions when compared with those without. Mortality was higher in patients with cardiac disease (29.7%; n = 1545 vs. 15.9%; n = 1797). However, following multivariable adjustment, this difference was not significant [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.15; P = 0.12 (corrected for multiple testing)]. Associations with in-hospital mortality by heart disease subtypes differed considerably, with the strongest association for heart failure (aRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10-1.30; P < 0.018) particularly for severe (New York Heart Association class III/IV) heart failure (aRR 1.41, 95% CI 1.20-1.64; P < 0.018). None of the other heart disease subtypes, including ischaemic heart disease, remained significant after multivariable adjustment. Serious cardiac complications were diagnosed in <1% of patients. CONCLUSION Considerable heterogeneity exists in the strength of association between heart disease subtypes and in-hospital mortality. Of all patients with heart disease, those with heart failure are at greatest risk of death when hospitalized with COVID-19. Serious cardiac complications are rare during hospitalization.
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Gaboreau S, Grangeon S, Claret F, Ihiawakrim D, Ersen O, Montouillout V, Maubec N, Roosz C, Henocq P, Carteret C. Hydration Properties and Interlayer Organization in Synthetic C-S-H. Langmuir 2020; 36:9449-9464. [PMID: 32696647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water in calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) is one of the key parameters driving the macroscopic behavior of cement materials for which water vapor partial pressure has an impact on Young's modulus and the volumic properties. Several samples of C-S-H with a bulk Ca/Si ratio ranging between 0.6 and 1.6 were characterized to study their dehydration/hydration behavior under water-controlled conditions using29Si NMR, water adsorption volumetry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform near-infrared diffuse reflectance under various water pressures. Coherent with several previous studies, it was observed that an increase in the Ca/Si ratio is due to the progressive omission of Si bridging tetrahedra, with the resulting charge being compensated for by interlayer Ca, and that water conditioning influences the layer-to-layer distance and the achieved NMR spectral resolution. Water desorption experiments exhibit one step toward low relative pressure, accompanied by a decrease in the layer-to-layer distance. When sufficient energy is provided to the system (T ≥ 40 °C under vacuum) to remove the interlayer water, the shrinkage/swelling is partially reversible in our experimental conditions. A change in layer-to-layer distance of less than 3 Å is measured in the C-S-H between the wet and dried states. When the bridging SiO2 tetrahedra are omitted, interlayer Ca interacts with layer O and water interacts with the cations and potentially with the surfaces. This structural organization is interpreted as a mid-plane monolayer of water in the interlayer space, this latter accounting for about 30% of the volume of C-S-H particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvain Grangeon
- BRGM, 3, avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans Cedex 2 F-45060, France
| | - Francis Claret
- BRGM, 3, avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans Cedex 2 F-45060, France
| | - Dris Ihiawakrim
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Valerie Montouillout
- CNRS-CEMHTI UPR 3079, 1D Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans cedex 2 45071, France
| | - Nicolas Maubec
- BRGM, 3, avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans Cedex 2 F-45060, France
| | - Cedric Roosz
- BRGM, 3, avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans Cedex 2 F-45060, France
| | - Pierre Henocq
- Andra, 1/7 rue Jean Monnet, Parc de la Croix Blanche, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex 92298, France
| | - Cédric Carteret
- LCPME, UMR 7564, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 405 Rue de Vandoeuvre, Villers-les-Nancy 54600,France
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Debure M, Grangeon S, Robinet JC, Madé B, Fernández AM, Lerouge C. Influence of soil redox state on mercury sorption and reduction capacity. Sci Total Environ 2020; 707:136069. [PMID: 31865071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanisms of interactions between divalent aqueous Hg and rock samples originating from an outcropping rock formation, the Albian Tégulines Clay (France, Aube). Two solid samples collected at two different depths (7.7 and 21.2 m depth) in the rock formation were selected since, in situ, they had and were still experiencing contrasting redox conditions, and thus had different mineralogy with regards to the minerals containing redox-sensitive elements, in particular iron. The sample that was the closer to the surface was under oxidizing conditions and contained goethite and siderite, while the deeper one was under reducing conditions and had more siderite, together with pyrite and magnetite. The redox state of the samples was preserved throughout the present study by careful conditioning, preparation, and use them under O2-free conditions. The two samples had similar affinity for Hg, with a retention coefficient (RD) ranging between 102 and 106 mol·kg-1 when the aqueous Hg concentration ranged between 4.4 and 107 ng·L-1 with the lowest concentration for the highest RD. However, the mechanisms of interaction differed. In the oxidized sample, no change in Hg redox state was observed, and the retention was due to reversible adsorption on the mineral phases (including organic matter). In contrast, upon interaction with the deeper and reduced sample, Hg was not only adsorbed on the mineral phases, but part of it was also reduced to dissolve elemental Hg. This reduction was attributed to magnetite and siderite and highlights the influence of mineralogy on the geochemical cycle of Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Benoît Madé
- Andra, R&D Division, Transfer Migration Group, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Agnel MI, Grangeon S, Fauth F, Elkaïm E, Claret F, Roulet M, Warmont F, Tournassat C. Mechanistic and Thermodynamic Insights into Anion Exchange by Green Rust. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:851-861. [PMID: 31789519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fougerite is a naturally occurring green rust, that is, a layered double hydroxide (LDH) containing iron (Fe). Fougerite was identified in natural settings such as hydromorphic soils. It is one of the few inorganic materials with large anion adsorption capacity that stems from the presence of isomorphic substitutions of Fe2+ by Fe3+ in its layers. The importance of anion adsorption in the interlayer of LDH has often been highlighted, but we are still missing a mechanistic understanding and a thermodynamic framework to predict the anion uptake by green rust. We combined laboratory and in operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction and scattering experiments with geochemical modeling to contribute to filling this gap. We showed that the overall exchange process in green rusts having nanometer and micrometer sizes can be seen as a simple anion exchange mechanism without dissolution-recrystallization or interstratification processes. A thermodynamic model of ion exchange, based on the Rothmund and Kornfeld convention, made it possible to predict the interlayer composition in a large range of conditions. This multiscale characterization can serve as a starting point for the building of robust and mechanistic geochemical models that will allow predicting the role of green rust on the geochemical cycle of ions, including nutrients, in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam I Agnel
- Univ. Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327 , F-45071 Orléans , France
| | - Sylvain Grangeon
- Univ. Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327 , F-45071 Orléans , France
- BRGM , 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin , 45060 Orléans , France
| | - François Fauth
- CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron , Carrer de la Llum, 2-26 , Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Erik Elkaïm
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , L'Orme des Merisiers , 91190 Saint Aubin , France
| | - Francis Claret
- BRGM , 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin , 45060 Orléans , France
| | - Marjorie Roulet
- ICMN, UMR 7374, CNRS/Université d'Orléans , 1 Rue de la Ferollerie , 45071 Orléans , France
| | - Fabienne Warmont
- ICMN, UMR 7374, CNRS/Université d'Orléans , 1 Rue de la Ferollerie , 45071 Orléans , France
| | - Christophe Tournassat
- Univ. Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327 , F-45071 Orléans , France
- BRGM , 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin , 45060 Orléans , France
- Energy Geoscience Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Rd , 94720 Berkeley , California , United States
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Grangeon S, Bataillard P, Coussy S. The Nature of Manganese Oxides in Soils and Their Role as Scavengers of Trace Elements: Implication for Soil Remediation. Environmental Soil Remediation and Rehabilitation 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40348-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Debure M, Tournassat C, Lerouge C, Madé B, Robinet JC, Fernández AM, Grangeon S. Retention of arsenic, chromium and boron on an outcropping clay-rich rock formation (the Tégulines Clay, eastern France). Sci Total Environ 2018; 642:216-229. [PMID: 29902620 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The retention behavior of three toxic chemicals, As, Cr and B, was investigated for an outcropping rock formation, the Albian Tégulines Clay (France, Aube). At a shallow depth, Tégulines Clay is affected by weathering processes leading to contrasted geochemical conditions with depth. One of the main features of the weathering is the occurrence of a redox transition zone near the surface. Batch sorption experiments of As(V), As(III), Cr(VI) and B were performed on samples collected at two depths representative either of oxidized or reduced mineral assemblages. Batch sorption experiments highlighted a distinct behavior between As, Cr and B oxyanions. Cr(VI) retention behavior was dominated by redox phenomena, notably its reduction to Cr(III). The in-situ redox state of the Tégulines Clay samples has a significant effect on Cr retention. On the contrary, As(V) reduction into As(III) is moderate and its retention slightly affected by the in-situ redox state of the Tégulines Clay. As(V) retention is higher than As(III) retention in agreement with literature data. B retention is strongly related to its natural abundance in the Tégulines clay samples. Distribution coefficient of B corrected from its natural content is expected to be very low for in-situ conditions. Finally, the retention and mobility of these oxyanions were affected by clay mineralogy, natural abundance, and reducing capacity of the Tegulines Clay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Tournassat
- BRGM, French Geological Survey, 45060 Orléans, France; UMR 7327 Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Université d'Orléans-CNRS/INSU-BRGM, Orléans, France; Energy Geoscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Benoît Madé
- Andra, R&D Division, Transfer Migration Group, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Marty NCM, Grangeon S, Elkaïm E, Tournassat C, Fauchet C, Claret F. Thermodynamic and crystallographic model for anion uptake by hydrated calcium aluminate (AFm): an example of molybdenum. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7943. [PMID: 29784983 PMCID: PMC5962639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amongst all cement phases, hydrated calcium aluminate (AFm) plays a major role in the retention of anionic species. Molybdenum (Mo), whose 93Mo isotope is considered a major steel activation product, will be released mainly under the form of MoO42− in a radioactive waste repository. Understanding its fate is of primary importance in a safety analysis of such disposal. This necessitates models that can both predict quantitatively the sorption of Mo by AFm and determine the nature of the sorption process (i.e., reversible adsorption or incorporation). This study investigated the Cl−/MoO42− exchange processes occurring in an AFm initially containing interlayer Cl in alkaline conditions using flow-through experiments. The evolution of the solid phase was characterized using an electron probe microanalyzer and synchrotron high-energy X-ray scattering. All data, together with their quantitative modeling, coherently indicated that Mo replaced Cl in the AFm interlayer. The structure of the interlayer is described with unprecedented atomic-scale detail based on a combination of real- and reciprocal-space analyses of total X-ray scattering data. In addition, modeling of several independent chemical experiments elucidated that Cl−/OH− exchange processes occur together with Cl−/MoO42− exchange. This competitive effect must be considered when determining the Cl−/MoO42− selectivity constant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erik Elkaïm
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Tournassat
- BRGM, 3 Avenue Guillemin, Orléans, Cedex 2, 45060, France.,ISTO UMR 7327 Université d'Orléans-CNRS- BRGM, 45071, Orléans, France.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Mail Stop 90-1116, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | | | - Francis Claret
- BRGM, 3 Avenue Guillemin, Orléans, Cedex 2, 45060, France
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Claret F, Grangeon S, Loschetter A, Tournassat C, De Nolf W, Harker N, Boulahya F, Gaboreau S, Linard Y, Bourbon X, Fernandez-Martinez A, Wright J. Deciphering mineralogical changes and carbonation development during hydration and ageing of a consolidated ternary blended cement paste. IUCrJ 2018; 5:150-157. [PMID: 29765604 PMCID: PMC5947719 DOI: 10.1107/s205225251701836x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To understand the main properties of cement, a ubiquitous material, a sound description of its chemistry and mineralogy, including its reactivity in aggressive environments and its mechanical properties, is vital. In particular, the porosity distribution and associated sample carbonation, both of which affect cement's properties and durability, should be quantified accurately, and their kinetics and mechanisms of formation known both in detail and in situ. However, traditional methods of cement mineralogy analysis (e.g. chemical mapping) involve sample preparation (e.g. slicing) that can be destructive and/or expose cement to the atmosphere, leading to preparation artefacts (e.g. dehydration). In addition, the kinetics of mineralogical development during hydration, and associated porosity development, cannot be examined. To circumvent these issues, X-ray diffraction computed tomography (XRD-CT) has been used. This allowed the mineralogy of ternary blended cement composed of clinker, fly ash and blast furnace slag to be deciphered. Consistent with previous results obtained for both powdered samples and dilute systems, it was possible, using a consolidated cement paste (with a water-to-solid ratio akin to that used in civil engineering), to determine that the mineralogy consists of alite (only detected in the in situ hydration experiment), calcite, calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H), ettringite, mullite, portlandite, and an amorphous fraction of unreacted slag and fly ash. Mineralogical evolution during the first hydration steps indicated fast ferrite reactivity. Insights were also gained into how the cement porosity evolves over time and into associated spatially and time-resolved carbonation mechanisms. It was observed that macroporosity developed in less than 30 h of hydration, with pore sizes reaching about 100-150 µm in width. Carbonation was not observed for this time scale, but was found to affect the first 100 µm of cement located around macropores in a sample cured for six months. Regarding this carbonation, the only mineral detected was calcite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Claret
- BRGM, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 36009, Orléans Cedex 2, 45060, France
| | - Sylvain Grangeon
- BRGM, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 36009, Orléans Cedex 2, 45060, France
| | - Annick Loschetter
- BRGM, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 36009, Orléans Cedex 2, 45060, France
| | - Christophe Tournassat
- BRGM, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 36009, Orléans Cedex 2, 45060, France
- Université d’Orléans – CNRS/INSU-BRGM, UMR 7327 Institut des Sciences de la Terre d’Orléans (ISTO), Orléans, 45071, France
- Energy Geoscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wout De Nolf
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Nicholas Harker
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Faiza Boulahya
- BRGM, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 36009, Orléans Cedex 2, 45060, France
| | - Stéphane Gaboreau
- BRGM, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 36009, Orléans Cedex 2, 45060, France
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan Wright
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
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Ma B, Fernandez-Martinez A, Grangeon S, Tournassat C, Findling N, Carrero S, Tisserand D, Bureau S, Elkaïm E, Marini C, Aquilanti G, Koishi A, Marty NCM, Charlet L. Selenite Uptake by Ca-Al LDH: A Description of Intercalated Anion Coordination Geometries. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:1624-1632. [PMID: 29271640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are anion exchangers with a strong potential to scavenge anionic contaminants in aquatic environments. Here, the uptake of selenite (SeO32-) by Ca-Al LDHs was investigated as a function of Se concentration. Thermodynamic modeling of batch sorption isotherms shows that the formation of SeO32--intercalated AFm (hydrated calcium aluminate monosubstituent) phase, AFm-SeO3, is the dominant mechanism controlling the retention of Se at medium loadings. AFm-Cl2 shows much stronger affinity and larger distribution ratio (Rd ∼ 17800 L kg-1) toward SeO32- than AFm-SO4 (Rd ∼ 705 L kg-1). At stoichiometric SeO32- loading for anion exchange, the newly formed AFm-SeO3 phase results in two basal spacing, i.e., 9.93 ± 0.06 Å and ∼11.03 ± 0.03 Å. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra indicate that the intercalated SeO32- forms inner-sphere complexes with the Ca-Al-O layers. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that basal spacing of Ca-Al LDHs have a remarkable linear relationship with the size of hydrated intercalated anions (i.e., Cl-, SO42-, MoO42-, and SeO32-). Contrary to AFm-SeO3 with inner-sphere SeO32- complexes in the interlayer, the phase with hydrogen-bonded inner-sphere complexed SeO32- is kinetically favored but thermodynamically unstable. This work offers new insights about the determination of intercalated anion coordination geometries via XRD analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ISTerre , F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Christophe Tournassat
- BRGM, 3 Avenue Guillemin, Orléans Cedex 2, 45060, France
- UMR 7327 Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Université d'Orléans-CNRS/INSU-BRGM , Orléans, France
- Energy Geoscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Sergio Carrero
- Department of Earth Science, University of Huelva , Campus "El Carmen", 21071 Huelva, Spain
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, UC Berkeley, 94720, California, United States
| | | | - Sarah Bureau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ISTerre , F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Erik Elkaïm
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Carlo Marini
- CELLS-ALBA, Carretera B.P. 1413, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuliana Aquilanti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., s.s. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ayumi Koishi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ISTerre , F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Laurent Charlet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ISTerre , F-38041 Grenoble, France
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Ma B, Fernandez-Martinez A, Grangeon S, Tournassat C, Findling N, Claret F, Koishi A, Marty NCM, Tisserand D, Bureau S, Salas-Colera E, Elkaïm E, Marini C, Charlet L. Evidence of Multiple Sorption Modes in Layered Double Hydroxides Using Mo As Structural Probe. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:5531-5540. [PMID: 28417632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been considered as effective phases for the remediation of aquatic environments, to remove anionic contaminants mainly through anion exchange mechanisms. Here, a combination of batch isotherm experiments and X-ray techniques was used to examine molybdate (MoO42-) sorption mechanisms on CaAl LDHs with increasing loadings of molybdate. Advanced modeling of aqueous data shows that the sorption isotherm can be interpreted by three retention mechanisms, including two types of edge sites complexes, interlayer anion exchange, and CaMoO4 precipitation. Meanwhile, Mo geometry evolves from tetrahedral to octahedral on the edge, and back to tetrahedral coordination at higher Mo loadings, indicated by Mo K-edge X-ray absorption spectra. Moreover, an anion exchange process on both CaAl LDHs was followed by in situ time-resolved synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction, remarkably agreeing with the sorption isotherm. This detailed molecular view shows that different uptake mechanisms-edge sorption, interfacial dissolution-reprecipitation-are at play and control anion uptake under environmentally relevant conditions, which is contrast to the classical view of anion exchange as the primary retention mechanism. This work puts all these mechanisms in perspective, offering a new insight into the complex interplay of anion uptake mechanisms by LDH phases, by using changes in Mo geometry as powerful molecular-scale probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ISTerre , F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Francis Claret
- BRGM , 3 Avenue Guillemin, Orléans Cedex 2, 45060, France
| | - Ayumi Koishi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ISTerre , F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Sarah Bureau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ISTerre , F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Eduardo Salas-Colera
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC , Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Cantoblanco Madrid, Spain
- Spanish CRG BM25 SpLine Beamline at the ESRF , 71 Avenue de Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Erik Elkaïm
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , l'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Carlo Marini
- CELLS-ALBA , Carretera B.P. 1413, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona Spain
| | - Laurent Charlet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ISTerre , F-38041 Grenoble, France
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Grangeon S, Fernandez-Martinez A, Baronnet A, Marty N, Poulain A, Elkaïm E, Roosz C, Gaboreau S, Henocq P, Claret F. Quantitative X-ray pair distribution function analysis of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrates: a contribution to the understanding of cement chemistry. J Appl Crystallogr 2017; 50:14-21. [PMID: 28190991 PMCID: PMC5294392 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716017404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the X-ray pair distribution function collected on calcium silicate hydrates having Ca/Si ratios ranging between 0.57 and 1.47 was applied. With increasing Ca/Si ratio, Si bridging tetrahedra are omitted and Ca(OH)2 is detected at the highest ratios. The structural evolution of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) as a function of its calcium to silicon (Ca/Si) ratio has been probed using qualitative and quantitative X-ray atomic pair distribution function analysis of synchrotron X-ray scattering data. Whatever the Ca/Si ratio, the C–S–H structure is similar to that of tobermorite. When the Ca/Si ratio increases from ∼0.6 to ∼1.2, Si wollastonite-like chains progressively depolymerize through preferential omission of Si bridging tetrahedra. When the Ca/Si ratio approaches ∼1.5, nanosheets of portlandite are detected in samples aged for 1 d, while microcrystalline portlandite is detected in samples aged for 1 year. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging shows that the tobermorite-like structure is maintained to Ca/Si > 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Grangeon
- D3E/SVP, BRGM (French Geological Survey) , 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans, 45060, France
| | | | - Alain Baronnet
- CINaM UMR 7325, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, 13288, France; CINaM UMR 7325, CNRS, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - Nicolas Marty
- D3E/SVP, BRGM (French Geological Survey) , 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans, 45060, France
| | - Agnieszka Poulain
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Erik Elkaïm
- Synchrotron Soleil , L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, BP 48 91192, France
| | - Cédric Roosz
- Scientific Division, Andra , 1-7 Rue Jean Monnet, Parc de la Croix Blanche, Chatenay-Malabry Cedex, 92298, France
| | - Stéphane Gaboreau
- D3E/SVP, BRGM (French Geological Survey) , 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans, 45060, France
| | - Pierre Henocq
- Scientific Division, Andra , 1-7 Rue Jean Monnet, Parc de la Croix Blanche, Chatenay-Malabry Cedex, 92298, France
| | - Francis Claret
- D3E/SVP, BRGM (French Geological Survey) , 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans, 45060, France
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Tournassat C, Davis JA, Chiaberge C, Grangeon S, Bourg IC. Modeling the Acid-Base Properties of Montmorillonite Edge Surfaces. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:13436-13445. [PMID: 27993078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The surface reactivity of clay minerals remains challenging to characterize because of a duality of adsorption surfaces and mechanisms that does not exist in the case of simple oxide surfaces: edge surfaces of clay minerals have a variable proton surface charge arising from hydroxyl functional groups, whereas basal surfaces have a permanent negative charge arising from isomorphic substitutions. Hence, the relationship between surface charge and surface potential on edge surfaces cannot be described using the Gouy-Chapman relation, because of a spillover of negative electrostatic potential from the basal surface onto the edge surface. While surface complexation models can be modified to account for these features, a predictive fit of experimental data was not possible until recently, because of uncertainty regarding the densities and intrinsic pKa values of edge functional groups. Here, we reexamine this problem in light of new knowledge on intrinsic pKa values obtained over the past decade using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, and we propose a new formalism to describe edge functional groups. Our simulation results yield reasonable predictions of the best available experimental acid-base titration data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Tournassat
- UMR 7327 Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans, Université d'Orléans-CNRS/INSU-BRGM , 45071 Orléans, France
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- BRGM, French Geological Survey, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - James A Davis
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | | | - Ian C Bourg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Roosz C, Gaboreau S, Grangeon S, Prêt D, Montouillout V, Maubec N, Ory S, Blanc P, Vieillard P, Henocq P. Distribution of Water in Synthetic Calcium Silicate Hydrates. Langmuir 2016; 32:6794-6805. [PMID: 27281114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding calcium silicate hydrates (CSHs) is of paramount importance for understanding the behavior of cement materials because they control most of the properties of these man-made materials. The atomic scale water content and structure have a major influence on their properties, as is analogous with clay minerals, and we should assess these. Here, we used a multiple analytical approach to quantify water distribution in CSH samples and to determine the relative proportions of water sorbed on external and internal (interlayer) surfaces. Water vapor isotherms were used to explain the water distribution in the CSH microstructure. As with many layered compounds, CSHs have external and internal (interlayer) surfaces displaying multilayer adsorption of water molecules on external surfaces owing to the hydrophilic surfaces. Interlayer water was also quantified from water vapor isotherm, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA) data, displaying nonreversible swelling/shrinkage behavior in response to drying/rewetting cycles. From this quantification and balance of water distribution, we were able to explain most of the widely dispersed data already published according to the various relative humidity (RH) conditions and measurement techniques. Stoichiometric formulas were proposed for the different CSH samples analyzed (0.6 < Ca/Si < 1.6), considering the interlayer water contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roosz
- UMR CNRS 7285 IC2MP, Université de Poitiers , Equipe HydrASA, rue Albert Turpain, Bat B8, 86022 Poitiers, France
- Environment and Process Division, BRGM , 3, avenue Claude Guillemin, F-45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
- Andra , 1/7 rue Jean Monnet, Parc de la Croix Blanche, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - S Gaboreau
- Environment and Process Division, BRGM , 3, avenue Claude Guillemin, F-45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - S Grangeon
- Environment and Process Division, BRGM , 3, avenue Claude Guillemin, F-45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - D Prêt
- UMR CNRS 7285 IC2MP, Université de Poitiers , Equipe HydrASA, rue Albert Turpain, Bat B8, 86022 Poitiers, France
| | - V Montouillout
- CNRS-CEMHTI UPR 3079 , 1D Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - N Maubec
- Environment and Process Division, BRGM , 3, avenue Claude Guillemin, F-45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - S Ory
- CNRS-CEMHTI UPR 3079 , 1D Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - P Blanc
- Environment and Process Division, BRGM , 3, avenue Claude Guillemin, F-45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - P Vieillard
- UMR CNRS 7285 IC2MP, Université de Poitiers , Equipe HydrASA, rue Albert Turpain, Bat B8, 86022 Poitiers, France
| | - P Henocq
- Andra , 1/7 rue Jean Monnet, Parc de la Croix Blanche, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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Grangeon S, Claret F, Roosz C, Sato T, Gaboreau S, Linard Y. Structure of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrates: insights from X-ray diffraction, synchrotron X-ray absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance. J Appl Crystallogr 2016; 49:771-783. [PMID: 27275135 PMCID: PMC4886978 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716003885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) having Ca/Si ratios ranging between 0.57 ± 0.05 and 1.47 ± 0.04 was studied using an electron probe micro-analyser, powder X-ray diffraction, 29Si magic angle spinning NMR, and Fourier-transform infrared and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopies. All samples can be described as nanocrystalline and defective tobermorite. At low Ca/Si ratio, the Si chains are defect free and the Si Q3 and Q2 environments account, respectively, for up to 40.2 ± 1.5% and 55.6 ± 3.0% of the total Si, with part of the Q3 Si being attributable to remnants of the synthesis reactant. As the Ca/Si ratio increases up to 0.87 ± 0.02, the Si Q3 environment decreases down to 0 and is preferentially replaced by the Q2 environment, which reaches 87.9 ± 2.0%. At higher ratios, Q2 decreases down to 32.0 ± 7.6% for Ca/Si = 1.38 ± 0.03 and is replaced by the Q1 environment, which peaks at 68.1 ± 3.8%. The combination of X-ray diffraction and NMR allowed capturing the depolymerization of Si chains as well as a two-step variation in the layer-to-layer distance. This latter first increases from ∼11.3 Å (for samples having a Ca/Si ratio <∼0.6) up to 12.25 Å at Ca/Si = 0.87 ± 0.02, probably as a result of a weaker layer-to-layer connectivity, and then decreases down to 11 Å when the Ca/Si ratio reaches 1.38 ± 0.03. The decrease in layer-to-layer distance results from the incorporation of interlayer Ca that may form a Ca(OH)2-like structure, nanocrystalline and intermixed with C-S-H layers, at high Ca/Si ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Grangeon
- D3E/SVP, BRGM (French Geological Survey) , 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans, 45060, France
| | - Francis Claret
- D3E/SVP, BRGM (French Geological Survey) , 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans, 45060, France
| | - Cédric Roosz
- D3E/SVP, BRGM (French Geological Survey), 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans, 45060, France; Scientific Division, Andra, 1-7 rue Jean Monnet, Parc de la Croix Blanche, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Laboratory of Environmental Geology, Research Group of Geoenvironmental/Engineering Division of Solid Waste, Resources and Geoenvironmental/Engineering Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University , Kita 13 Nishi 8, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Stéphane Gaboreau
- D3E/SVP, BRGM (French Geological Survey) , 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, Orléans, 45060, France
| | - Yannick Linard
- Centre de Meuse/Haute Marne, Andra , Bure, 55290, France
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Grangeon S, Fernandez-Martinez A, Warmont F, Gloter A, Marty N, Poulain A, Lanson B. Cryptomelane formation from nanocrystalline vernadite precursor: a high energy X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy perspective on reaction mechanisms. Geochem Trans 2015; 16:12. [PMID: 26330763 PMCID: PMC4556320 DOI: 10.1186/s12932-015-0028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vernadite is a nanocrystalline and turbostratic phyllomanganate which is ubiquitous in the environment. Its layers are built of (MnO6)(8-) octahedra connected through their edges and frequently contain vacancies and (or) isomorphic substitutions. Both create a layer charge deficit that can exceed 1 valence unit per layer octahedron and thus induces a strong chemical reactivity. In addition, vernadite has a high affinity for many trace elements (e.g., Co, Ni, and Zn) and possesses a redox potential that allows for the oxidation of redox-sensitive elements (e.g., As, Cr, Tl). As a result, vernadite acts as a sink for many trace metal elements. In the environment, vernadite is often found associated with tectomanganates (e.g., todorokite and cryptomelane) of which it is thought to be the precursor. The transformation mechanism is not yet fully understood however and the fate of metals initially contained in vernadite structure during this transformation is still debated. In the present work, the transformation of synthetic vernadite (δ-MnO2) to synthetic cryptomelane under conditions analogous to those prevailing in soils (dry state, room temperature and ambient pressure, in the dark) and over a time scale of ~10 years was monitored using high-energy X-ray scattering (with both Bragg-rod and pair distribution function formalisms) and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Migration of Mn(3+) from layer to interlayer to release strains and their subsequent sorption above newly formed vacancy in a triple-corner sharing configuration initiate the reaction. Reaction proceeds with preferential growth to form needle-like crystals that subsequently aggregate. Finally, the resulting lath-shaped crystals stack, with n × 120° (n = 1 or 2) rotations between crystals. Resulting cryptomelane crystal sizes are ~50-150 nm in the ab plane and ~10-50 nm along c*, that is a tenfold increase compared to fresh samples. CONCLUSION The presently observed transformation mechanism is analogous to that observed in other studies that used higher temperatures and (or) pressure, and resulting tectomanganate crystals have a number of morphological characteristics similar to natural ones. This pleads for the relevance of the proposed mechanism to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabienne Warmont
- />ICMN-CNRS-Université D’Orléans, 1b rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Alexandre Gloter
- />Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, UMR 8502, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Marty
- />BRGM, 3 Avenue Guillemin, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Agnieszka Poulain
- />ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno Lanson
- />Univ. Grenoble Alpes, ISTerre, 38041 Grenoble, France
- />CNRS, ISTerre, 38041 Grenoble, France
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Hadi J, Grangeon S, Warmont F, Seron A, Greneche JM. A novel and easy chemical-clock synthesis of nanocrystalline iron–cobalt bearing layered double hydroxides. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 434:130-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Grangeon S, Lanson B, Lanson M. Solid-state transformation of nanocrystalline phyllomanganate into tectomanganate: influence of initial layer and interlayer structure. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2014; 70:828-38. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520614013687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In surficial environments, the fate of many elements is influenced by their interactions with the phyllomanganate vernadite, a nano-sized and turbostratic variety of birnessite. To advance our understanding of the surface reactivity of vernadite as a function of pH, synthetic vernadite (δ-MnO2) was equilibrated at pH ranging from 3 to 10 and characterized structurally using chemical methods, thermogravimetry and modelling of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. With decreasing pH, the number of vacant layer sites increases in the octahedral layers of δ-MnO2(from 0.14 per layer octahedron at pH 10 to 0.17 at pH 3), whereas the number of layer Mn3+is, within errors, equal to 0.12 per layer octahedron over the whole pH range. Vacant layer sites are capped by interlayer Mn3+sorbed as triple corner-sharing surface complexes (TC sites). The increasing number of interlayer Mn3+with decreasing pH (from 0.075 per layer octahedron at pH 10 to 0.175 at pH 3) results in the decrease of the average Mn oxidation degree (from 3.80 ± 0.01 at pH 10 to 3.70 ± 0.01 at pH 3) and in the lowering of the Na/Mn ratio (from 27.66 ± 0.20 at pH 10 to 6.99 ± 0.16 at pH 3). In addition, in-plane unit-cell parameters are negatively correlated to the number of interlayer Mn at TC sites and decrease with decreasing pH (fromb= 2.842 Å at pH 10 tob= 2.834 Å at pH 3), layer symmetry being systematically hexagonal witha=b× 31/2. Finally, modelling of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicates that crystallite size in theabplane and along thec* axis decreases with decreasing pH, ranging respectively from 7 nm to 6 nm, and from 1.2 nm to 1.0 nm (pH 10 and 3, respectively). Following their characterization, dry samples were sealed in polystyrene vials, kept in the dark, and re-analysed 4 and 8 years later. With ageing time and despite the dry state, layer Mn3+extensively migrates to the interlayer most likely to minimize steric strains resulting from the Jahn–Teller distortion of Mn3+octahedra. When the number of interlayer Mn3+at TC sites resulting from this migration reaches the maximum value of ∼ 1/3 per layer octahedron, interlayer species from adjacent layers share their coordination sphere, resulting in cryptomelane-like tunnel structure fragments (with a 2 × 2 tunnel size) with a significantly improved layer stacking order.
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Grangeon S, Claret F, Linard Y, Chiaberge C. X-ray diffraction: a powerful tool to probe and understand the structure of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrates. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2013; 69:465-473. [PMID: 24056355 PMCID: PMC3786629 DOI: 10.1107/s2052519213021155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were calculated and compared to literature data with the aim of investigating the crystal structure of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H), the main binding phase in hydrated Portland cement pastes. Published XRD patterns from C-S-H of Ca/Si ratios ranging from ~ 0.6 to ~ 1.7 are fully compatible with nanocrystalline and turbostratic tobermorite. Even at a ratio close or slightly higher than that of jennite (Ca/Si = 1.5) this latter mineral, which is required in some models to describe the structure of C-S-H, is not detected in the experimental XRD patterns. The 001 basal reflection from C-S-H, positioned at ~ 13.5 Å when the C-S-H structural Ca/Si ratio is low (< 0.9), shifts towards smaller d values and sharpens with increasing Ca/Si ratio, to reach ~ 11.2 Å when the Ca/Si ratio is higher than 1.5. Calculations indicate that the sharpening of the 001 reflection may be related to a crystallite size along c* (i.e. a mean number of stacked layers) increasing with the C-S-H Ca/Si ratio. Such an increase would contribute to the observed shift of the 001 reflection, but fails to quantitatively explain it. It is proposed that the observed shift could result from interstratification of at least two tobermorite-like layers, one having a high and the other a low Ca/Si ratio with a basal spacing of 11.3 and 14 Å, respectively.
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Guédron S, Grangeon S, Jouravel G, Charlet L, Sarret G. Atmospheric mercury incorporation in soils of an area impacted by a chlor-alkali plant (Grenoble, France): contribution of canopy uptake. Sci Total Environ 2013; 445-446:356-364. [PMID: 23354376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the fluxes of mercury (Hg) and mechanisms of incorporation into soils surrounding a chlor-alkali plant suspected to have emitted up to ~600 kg Hg year(-1) for decades into the atmosphere. Comparison of vertical Hg soil profiles with As, Cu, Ni and Zn (which were not emitted by the plant) support Hg enrichment in surface horizons due to atmospheric Hg inputs from the chlor-alkali plant. Based on chemical extractions and elemental correlations, Hg was found to be weakly leachable and bio-available for plants, and most probably strongly bound to organic matter. In contrast, other trace elements were probably associated with phyllosilicates, iron oxides or with primary minerals. Hg stocks in the surface horizon of a forested soil (1255 mg Hg m(-3)) were two-fold higher than in an agricultural soil (636 mg Hg m(-3)) at a similar distance to the plant. The difference was attributed to the interception of atmospheric Hg by the canopy (most likely gaseous elemental Hg and reactive gaseous Hg) and subsequent litterfall incorporation. Some differences in the ability to trap atmospheric Hg were observed between tree species. The characterization of the litter showed an increasing Hg concentration in the plant material proportional to their degradation stage. In agricultural soils, very low Hg concentrations found in corn leaves and grains suggested a limited uptake via both the foliar and root pathways. Thus, the short-term risk of Hg transfer to agricultural crops and higher levels of the trophic chain appeared limited. A possible risk which remains to be evaluated is the possible transfer of Hg-rich particles from the forest topsoil to downstream aquatic ecosystems during rain and snowmelt events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Guédron
- ISTerre, Université Grenoble 1, IRD, UMR 5275 (IRD/UJF/CNRS), BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
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Manceau A, Marcus MA, Grangeon S, Lanson M, Lanson B, Gaillot AC, Skanthakumar S, Soderholm L. Short-range and long-range order of phyllomanganate nanoparticles determined using high-energy X-ray scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889812047917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High-energy X-ray scattering (HEXS) is used to explore the pH-dependent structure of randomly stacked manganese oxide nanosheets of nominal formula δ-MnO2. Data are simulated in real space by pair distribution function (PDF) analysis and in reciprocal space by both the Bragg-rod method and the Debye equation in order to maximize the information gained from the total scattering measurements. The essential new features of this triple-analysis approach are (1) the use of a two-dimensional supercell in PDF modeling to describe local distortions around Mn layer vacancies, (2) the implementation in Bragg-rod calculations of a lognormal crystal size distribution in the layer plane and an empirical function for the effect of strain, and (3) the incorporation into the model used with the Debye equation of an explicit elastic deformation of the two-dimensional nanocrystals. The PDF analysis reveals steady migration at acidic pH of the Mn atoms from layer to interlayer sites, either above or below the Mn layer vacancies, and important displacement of the remaining in-layer Mn atoms toward vacancies. The increased density of the vacancy–interlayer Mn pairs at low pH causes their mutual repulsion and results in short-range ordering. The layer microstructure, responsible for the long-range lateral disorder, is modeled with spherically and cylindrically bent crystallites having volume-averaged radii of 20–40 Å. Thebunit-cell parameter from the hexagonal layer has different values in PDF, Bragg-rod and Debye equation modeling, because of the use of different weighting contributions from long-range and short-range distances in each method. The PDFbparameter is in effect a measure of the average inlayer Mn...Mn distance and consistently deviates from the average structure value determined by the Bragg-rod method by 0.02 Å at low pH, as a result of the local relaxation induced by vacancies. The layer curvature increases the Bragg-rod value by 0.01–0.02 Å with the cylindrical model and as much as 0.04–0.05 Å with the spherical model. Therefore, in principle, the diffraction alone can unambiguously determine with good accuracy only a volume-averaged apparent layer dimension of the manganese oxide nanosheets. Thebparameter is model dependent and has no single straightforward interpretation, so comparison ofbbetween different samples only makes sense if done in the context of a single specified model.
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Faïn X, Grangeon S, Bahlmann E, Fritsche J, Obrist D, Dommergue A, Ferrari CP, Cairns W, Ebinghaus R, Barbante C, Cescon P, Boutron C. Diurnal production of gaseous mercury in the alpine snowpack before snowmelt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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