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Kumar P, Bhardwaj VK, Purohit R. Highly robust quantum mechanics and umbrella sampling studies on inclusion complexes of curcumin and β-cyclodextrin. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121432. [PMID: 37940299 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The poor aqueous solubility of curcumin (CUR) obstructs its wide utilization in nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical companies. This study is dedicated to investigate the stability of CUR inside the hydrophobic pocket of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD), and 2,6-Di-O-methyl-β-CD (DM-β-CD). Initially, molecular mechanics (MM) calculations and subsequently quantum mechanical (QM) calculations were performed on inclusion complexes to strengthen the MM results. We performed microsecond timescale MD simulations to observe the structural dynamics of CUR inside the cavity of CDs. We elucidated the most stable binding orientations of CUR inside the cavity of CDs based on binding free energy obtained from the Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) and umbrella sampling simulations. Furthermore, the two-layered ONIOM (B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p):PM7) method with CPCM implicit water model was used to derive the complete energetics and thermodynamics of inclusion complexes at 1:1 stoichiometry. Each inclusion reaction was exothermic and spontaneous. The chemical reactivity and kinetic stability of inclusion complexes were described by HOMO-LUMO molecular orbital energies. In conclusion, our studies revealed that HP-β-CD had the highest binding affinity for CUR with the most negative complexation energy (-6520.69 kJ/mol) and Gibb's free energy change (-6448.20 kJ/mol). The atomic-level investigation of noncovalent interactions between CUR and the hydroxypropyl groups in HP-β-CD/CUR complex may be helpful to drive new derivatives of HP-β-CD with better host capacity. The computational strategy adopted here might serve as a benchmark for increasing the solubility of numerous clinically significant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Bhardwaj
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
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Ali HA, Ismail MA, Fouda AEAS, Ghaith EA. A fruitful century for the scalable synthesis and reactions of biphenyl derivatives: applications and biological aspects. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18262-18305. [PMID: 37333795 PMCID: PMC10274569 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03531j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides recent developments in the current status and latest synthetic methodologies of biphenyl derivatives. Furthermore, this review investigates detailed discussions of several metalated chemical reactions related to biphenyl scaffolds such as Wurtz-Fittig, Ullmann, Bennett-Turner, Negishi, Kumada, Stille, Suzuki-Miyaura, Friedel-Crafts, cyanation, amination, and various electrophilic substitution reactions supported by their mechanistic pathways. Furthermore, the preconditions required for the existence of axial chirality in biaryl compounds are discussed. Furthermore, atropisomerism as a type of axial chirality in biphenyl molecules is discussed. Additionally, this review covers a wide range of biological and medicinal applications of the synthesized compounds involving patented approaches in the last decade corresponding to investigating the crucial role of the biphenyl structures in APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar A Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ismail
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Abd El-Aziz S Fouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Eslam A Ghaith
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
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Mazurek AH, Szeleszczuk Ł. A Review of Applications of Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssNMR) for the Analysis of Cyclodextrin-Including Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043648. [PMID: 36835054 PMCID: PMC9963175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins, cyclic oligosaccharides composed of five or more α-D-glucopyranoside units linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds, are widely used both in their native forms as well as the components of more sophisticated materials. Over the last 30 years, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) has been used to characterize cyclodextrins (CDs) and CD-including systems, such as host-guest complexes or even more sophisticated macromolecules. In this review, the examples of such studies have been gathered and discussed. Due to the variety of possible ssNMR experiments, the most common approaches have been presented to provide the overview of the strategies employed to characterize those useful materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Helena Mazurek
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 81 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-501-255-121
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4
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Tsiailanis AD, Vrettos EI, Choleva M, Kiriakidi S, Ganai AM, Patha TK, Karpoormath R, Mavromoustakos T, Fragopoulou E, Tzakos AG. Development of a DHA-Losartan hybrid as a potent inhibitor of multiple pathway-induced platelet aggregation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13889-13900. [PMID: 34791990 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1996461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the scientific progression in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) they remain the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. The classic treatment involves the simultaneous dosing of two antiplatelet drugs, aspirin and clopidogrel/prasugrel. However, besides drug resistance, severe side effects have been also manifested including acute bleeding and toxicity. Thus, new therapeutic agents with enhanced efficacy and diminished side effects are of importance. Towards this end, omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids have demonstrated potent efficacy against CVDs through inhibiting platelet aggregation that bears a pivotal role in atherothrombosis. Another factor that displays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and especially the AT1R blocker losartan that has been reported to exert antiplatelet activity mediated by this receptor. Along these lines, we envisaged developing a molecular hybrid consisted of docosahexaenoic acid (ω-3 fatty acid) and losartan, that could exert a notable antiplatelet effect against CVDs. The design and synthesis of the new DHA-losartan hybrid, designated DHA-L, bestowed with the additive properties of the parent compounds, is reported. In silico studies were first exploited to validate the potential of DHA-L to retain losartan's ability to bind AT1R. The antiplatelet activity of DHA-L was evaluated against in vitro platelet aggregation induced by several platelet agonists. Notably, the hybrid illustrated a pleiotropic antiplatelet profile inhibiting platelet aggregation through multiple platelet activation pathways including P2Y12, PAR-1 (Protease-Activated Receptor-1), PAF (Platelet Activating Factor), COX-1 (cyclooxygenase-1) and collagen receptors. The stability of DHA-L in human plasma and in a wide range of pH values was also evaluated over time using an HPLC protocol. The hybridization approach described herein could pave the way for the development of novel potent multitargeted therapeutics with enhanced antiplatelet profile.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis D Tsiailanis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eirinaios I Vrettos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria Choleva
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Kiriakidi
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ab Majeed Ganai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, South Africa
| | - Tabasum Khan Patha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, South Africa
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Fragopoulou
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina, Greece
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Dalaijargal B, Mi L, Wu Z, Yin Y, Liang H, Qiu Y, Yan Y, Jin H, Chen Z. Synthesis and evaluation of new sartan derivatives. Med Chem Res. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Špehar TK, Pocrnić M, Klarić D, Bertoša B, Čikoš A, Jug M, Padovan J, Dragojević S, Galić N. Investigation of Praziquantel/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexation by NMR and LC-HRMS/MS: Mechanism, Solubility, Chemical Stability, and Degradation Products. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4210-4223. [PMID: 34670371 PMCID: PMC8564759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Praziquantel (PZQ) is a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II anthelmintic drug characterized by poor solubility and a bitter taste, both of which can be addressed by inclusion complexation with cyclodextrins (CD). In this work, a comprehensive investigation of praziquantel/cyclodextrin (PZQ/CD) complexes was conducted by means of UV-vis spectroscopy, spectrofluorimetry, NMR spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS), and molecular modeling. Phase solubility studies revealed that among four CDs tested, the randomly methylated β-CD (RMβCD) and the sulfobutylether sodium salt β-CD (SBEβCD) resulted in the highest increase in PZQ solubility (approximately 16-fold). The formation of 1:1 inclusion complexes was confirmed by HRMS, NMR, and molecular modeling. Both cyclohexane and the central pyrazino ring, as well as an aromatic part of PZQ are included in the CD central cavity through several different binding modes, which exist simultaneously. Furthermore, the influence of CDs on PZQ stability was investigated in solution (HCl, NaOH, H2O2) and in the solid state (accelerated degradation, photostability) by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD/MS). CD complexation promoted new degradation pathways of the drug. In addition to three already known PZQ degradants, seven new degradation products were identified (m/z 148, 215, 217, 301, 327, 343, and 378) and their structures were proposed based on HRMS/MS data. Solid complexes were prepared by mechanochemical activation, a solvent-free and ecologically acceptable method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marijana Pocrnić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - David Klarić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branimir Bertoša
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Čikoš
- Institute Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Jug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Padovan
- Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nives Galić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Wang W, Ye Z, Gao H, Ouyang D. Computational pharmaceutics - A new paradigm of drug delivery. J Control Release 2021; 338:119-136. [PMID: 34418520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades pharmaceutics and drug delivery have become increasingly critical in the pharmaceutical industry due to longer time, higher cost, and less productivity of new molecular entities (NMEs). However, current formulation development still relies on traditional trial-and-error experiments, which are time-consuming, costly, and unpredictable. With the exponential growth of computing capability and algorithms, in recent ten years, a new discipline named "computational pharmaceutics" integrates with big data, artificial intelligence, and multi-scale modeling techniques into pharmaceutics, which offered great potential to shift the paradigm of drug delivery. Computational pharmaceutics can provide multi-scale lenses to pharmaceutical scientists, revealing physical, chemical, mathematical, and data-driven details ranging across pre-formulation studies, formulation screening, in vivo prediction in the human body, and precision medicine in the clinic. The present paper provides a comprehensive and detailed review in all areas of computational pharmaceutics and "Pharma 4.0", including artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, molecular modeling, mathematical modeling, process simulation, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. We not only summarized the theories and progress of these technologies but also discussed the regulatory requirements, current challenges, and future perspectives in the area, such as talent training and a culture change in the future pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhuyifan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hanlu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China.
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8
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Tsiailanis AD, Tzakos AG, Mavromoustakos T. Advancing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Bioactive Molecules by Delivery Vehicle Platforms. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2697-2706. [PMID: 32503399 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200605154506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drugs have to overcome numerous barriers to reach their desired therapeutic targets. In several cases, drugs, especially the highly lipophilic molecules, suffer from low solubility and bioavailability and therefore their desired targeting is hampered. In addition, undesired metabolic products might be produced or off-targets could be recognized. Along these lines, nanopharmacology has provided new technological platforms, to overcome these boundaries. Specifically, numerous vehicle platforms such as cyclodextrins and calixarenes have been widely utilized to host lipophilic drugs such as antagonists of the angiotensin II AT1 receptor (AT1R), as well as quercetin and silibinin. The encapsulation of these drugs in supramolecules or other systems refines their solubility and metabolic stability, increases their selectivity and therefore decreases their effective dose and improves their therapeutic index. In this mini review we report on the formulations of silibinin and AT1R antagonist candesartan in a 2-HP-β-cyclodextrin host molecule, which displayed enhanced cytotoxicity and increased silibinin's and candesartan's stability, respectively. Moreover, we describe the encapsulation of quercetin in gold nanoparticles bearing a calixarene supramolecular host. Also, the encapsulation of temozolomide in a calixarene nanocapsule has been described. Finally, we report on the activity enhancement that has been achieved upon using these formulations as well as the analytical and computational methods we used to characterize these formulations and explore the molecular interactions between the host and quest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Greece
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Law CSW, Yeong KY. Repurposing Antihypertensive Drugs for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1716-1730. [PMID: 32164502 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200312114223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has affected millions of people worldwide. However, currently, there is no treatment to cure the disease. The AD drugs available in the market only manage the disease symptomatically and the effects are usually short-term. Thus, there is a need to look at alternatives AD therapies. This literature review aims to shed some light on the potential of repurposing antihypertensives to treat AD. Mid-life hypertension has not only been recognised as a risk factor for AD, but its relation with AD has also been well established. Hence, antihypertensives were postulated to be beneficial in managing AD. Four classes of antihypertensives, as well as their potential limitations and prospects in being utilised as AD therapeutics, were discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Shing Wei Law
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chontzopoulou E, Tzakos AG, Mavromoustakos T. On the Rational Drug Design for Hypertension through NMR Spectroscopy. Molecules 2020; 26:E12. [PMID: 33375119 PMCID: PMC7792925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonists of the AT1receptor (AT1R) are beneficial molecules that can prevent the peptide hormone angiotensin II from binding and activating the specific receptor causing hypertension in pathological states. This review article summarizes the multifaced applications of solid and liquid state high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in antihypertensive commercial drugs that act as AT1R antagonists. The 3D architecture of these compounds is explored through 2D NOESY spectroscopy and their interactions with micelles and lipid bilayers are described using solid state 13CP/MAS, 31P and 2H static solid state NMR spectroscopy. Due to their hydrophobic character, AT1R antagonists do not exert their optimum profile on the AT1R. Therefore, various vehicles are explored so as to effectively deliver these molecules to the site of action and to enhance their pharmaceutical efficacy. Cyclodextrins and polymers comprise successful examples of effective drug delivery vehicles, widely used for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs to the active site of the receptor. High resolution NMR spectroscopy provides valuable information on the physical-chemical forces that govern these drug:vehicle interactions, knowledge required to get a deeper understanding on the stability of the formed complexes and therefore the appropriateness and usefulness of the drug delivery system. In addition, it provides valuable information on the rational design towards the synthesis of more stable and efficient drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Chontzopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
| | - Andreas G. Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
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Chatziathanasiadou MV, Mavromoustakos T, Tzakos AG. Unveiling the Thermodynamic Aspects of Drug-Cyclodextrin Interactions Through Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2207:187-98. [PMID: 33113137 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0920-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Due to their low toxicity and high aqueous solubility, cyclodextrins have emerged as a distinctive class of supramolecules with wide application in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Their ability to improve the water solubility, stability and pharmacokinetic profile of small molecules has established them as a rich toolkit for drug formulation. In order to improve the physicochemical characteristics and the pharmacokinetic profile of a drug through cyclodextrin inclusion, the proper cyclodextrin type has to be selected among the existing great variety consisting of both natural and synthetic variants. The selection of the most proper cyclodextrin variant comes after drug-cyclodextrin screening studies targeting the characterization of the complex formation and evaluation of the affinity and interaction forces participating in the complexation. Numerous analytical, spectroscopic, separation and electrochemical techniques have been applied to elucidate the interaction profile in a cyclodextrin-drug complex. Herein, we describe the application of Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) on cyclodextrin-drug complexes that enables the charting of the binding affinity and the thermodynamic profile of the inclusion complexes. We focus on the experimental design and present technical tips of the ITC application. To better illustrate the technique's rationale, the interaction between 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and the antihypertensive drug losartan is investigated.
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Christodoulou E, Ntountaniotis D, Leonis G, Mavromoustakos T, Valsami G. Application of Neutralization and Freeze-Drying Technique for the Preparation of the Beneficial in Drug Delivery 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Complexes with Bioactive Molecules. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2207:1-11. [PMID: 33113123 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0920-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Bioavailability of active substances is of great importance for the formulation of a drug product, as it actually reflects drug absorption and achievement of the optimum pharmacological effect. A great number of chemical compounds with excellent pharmacological properties possess low solubility and permeability values, ending in low bioavailability in the human body after administration (especially after per os administration). CDs are oligosaccharides that possess biological properties similar to their linear counterparts, but some of their physicochemical properties differ. They are enhancing bioavailability and solving problems of absorption for poorly soluble lipophilic drugs by forming water-soluble inclusion complexes. For this reason, they are widely used in drug delivery systems (Carrier et al. J Control Release 123:78-99, 2007; Kurkov and Loftsson, Int J Pharm 453:167-80, 2013). The main purpose of this chapter is to show a protocol for the preparation of drug:CDcomplex delivery systems.
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Manta K, Papakyriakopoulou P, Chountoulesi M, Diamantis DA, Spaneas D, Vakali V, Naziris N, Chatziathanasiadou MV, Andreadelis I, Moschovou K, Athanasiadou I, Dallas P, Rekkas DM, Demetzos C, Colombo G, Banella S, Javornik U, Plavec J, Mavromoustakos T, Tzakos AG, Valsami G. Preparation and Biophysical Characterization of Quercetin Inclusion Complexes with β-Cyclodextrin Derivatives to be Formulated as Possible Nose-to-Brain Quercetin Delivery Systems. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4241-4255. [PMID: 32986435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin (Que) is a flavonoid associated with high oxygen radical scavenging activity and potential neuroprotective activity against Alzheimer's disease. Que's oral bioavailability is limited by its low water solubility and extended peripheral metabolism; thus, nasal administration may be a promising alternative to achieve effective Que concentrations in the brain. The formation of Que-2-hydroxypropylated-β-cyclodextrin (Que/HP-β-CD) complexes was previously found to increase the molecule's solubility and stability in aqueous media. Que-methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Que/Me-β-CD) inclusion complexes were prepared, characterized, and compared with the Que/HP-β-CD complex using biophysical and computational methods (phase solubility, fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS)) as candidates for the preparation of nose-to-brain Que's delivery systems. DSC thermograms, NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and MDS confirmed the inclusion complex formation of Que with both CDs. Differences between the two preparations were observed regarding their thermodynamic stability and inclusion mode governing the details of molecular interactions. Que's solubility in aqueous media at pH 1.2 and 4.5 was similar and linearly increased with both CD concentrations. At pH 6.8, Que's solubility was higher and positively deviated from linearity in the presence of HP-β-CD more than with Me-β-CD, possibly revealing the presence of more than one HP-β-CD molecule involved in the complex. Overall, water solubility of lyophilized Que/Me-β-CD and Que/HP-β-CD products was approximately 7-40 times and 14-50 times as high as for pure Que at pH 1.2-6.8. In addition, the proof of concept experiment on ex vivo permeation across rabbit nasal mucosa revealed measurable and similar Que permeability profiles with both CDs and negligible permeation of pure Que. These results are quite encouraging for further ex vivo and in vivo evaluation toward nasal administration and nose-to-brain delivery of Que.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Manta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Maria Chountoulesi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Diamantis
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Spaneas
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Vakali
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Naziris
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Maria V Chatziathanasiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Ioannis Andreadelis
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Moschovou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Ioanna Athanasiadou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Paraskevas Dallas
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Dimitrios M Rekkas
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Gaia Colombo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Sabrina Banella
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Uroš Javornik
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.,Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Reasearch Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou 15771, Greece
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14
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Leonis G, Christodoulou E, Ntountaniotis D, Chatziathanasiadou MV, Mavromoustakos T, Naziris N, Chountoulesi M, Demetzos C, Valsami G, Damalas DE, Tzakos AG, Thomaidis NS, Karageorgos V, Liapakis G. Antihypertensive activity and molecular interactions of irbesartan in complex with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:668-683. [PMID: 32691965 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Irbesartan (IRB) exerts beneficial effects either alone or in combination with other drugs on numerous diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. However, due to its high lipophilicity, IRB does not possess the optimum pharmacological efficiency. To circumvent this problem, a drug delivery system with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD) was explored. The 1:1 complex between IRB and 2-HP-β-CD was identified through ESI QTF HRMS. Dissolution studies showed a higher dissolution rate of the lyophilized IRB-2-HP-β-CD complex than the tablet containing IRB at pH = 1.2. DSC results revealed the differences of the thermal properties between the complex and various mixtures consisting of the two components, namely IRB and 2-HP-β-CD. Interestingly, depending on the way the mixture preparation was conducted, different association between the two components was observed. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations predicted the favorable formation of the above complex and identified the dominant interactions between IRB and 2-HP-β-CD. In vitro pharmacological results verified that the inclusion complex not only preserves the binding affinity of IRB for AT1R receptor, but also it slightly increases it. As the complex formulation lacks the problems of the tablet, our approach is a promising new way to improve the efficiency of IRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Leonis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Eirini Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Ntountaniotis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Maria V Chatziathanasiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Naziris
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Chountoulesi
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios E Damalas
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Vlasios Karageorgos
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Liapakis
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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15
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Aly UF, Sarhan HAM, Ali TFS, Sharkawy HAEB. Applying Different Techniques to Improve the Bioavailability of Candesartan Cilexetil Antihypertensive Drug. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:1851-1865. [PMID: 32523332 PMCID: PMC7234962 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s248511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to compare different techniques to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate, and hence the bioavailability of candesartan cilexetil. Methods To achieve this target, various techniques were employed such as solid dispersions, inclusion complexes, and preparation of candesartan nanoparticles. Following the preparations, all samples were characterized for their physicochemical properties, and the samples of the best results were subjected to further bioavailability studies. Results Results of dissolution studies revealed an increase in the dissolution rate of all samples. The highest dissolution rate was achieved using solid dispersion of the drug with PVP K-90 (1:4). Physicochemical investigations (XR, DSC, and FT-IR) suggested formation of hydrogen bonding and changing in the crystalline structure of the drug. Regarding the inclusion complexes, more stable complex was formed between HP-β-CD and CC compared to β-CD, as indicated by phase solubility diagrams. Antisolvent method resulted in the preparation of stable nanoparticles, as indicated by ζ potential, with average particle size of 238.9 ± 19.25 nm using PVP K-90 as a hydrophilic polymer. The best sample that gave the highest dissolution rate (CC/PVP K-90 1:4) was allowed for further pharmacokinetic studies using UPLC MS/MS assay of rabbit plasma. Results showed a significant increase in the bioavailability of CC from ~15% to ~48%. Conclusion The bioavailability of CC was significantly improved from ~15% to ~48% when formulated as SDs with PVP K-90 with 1:4 drug:polymer ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Farghaly Aly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | | | - Taha F S Ali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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