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Wietfeldt H, Meana-Pañeda R, Machello C, Reboul CF, Van CTS, Kim S, Heo J, Kim BH, Kang S, Ercius P, Park J, Elmlund H. Small, solubilized platinum nanocrystals consist of an ordered core surrounded by mobile surface atoms. Commun Chem 2024; 7:4. [PMID: 38172567 PMCID: PMC10764312 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In situ structures of Platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) can be determined with graphene liquid cell transmission electron microscopy. Atomic-scale three-dimensional structural information about their physiochemical properties in solution is critical for understanding their chemical function. We here analyze eight atomic-resolution maps of small (<3 nm) colloidal Pt NPs. Their structures are composed of an ordered crystalline core surrounded by surface atoms with comparatively high mobility. 3D reconstructions calculated from cumulative doses of 8500 and 17,000 electrons/pixel, respectively, are characterized in terms of loss of atomic densities and atomic displacements. Less than 5% of the total number of atoms are lost due to dissolution or knock-on damage in five of the structures analyzed, whereas 10-16% are lost in the remaining three. Less than 5% of the atomic positions are displaced due to the increased electron irradiation in all structures. The surface dynamics will play a critical role in the diverse catalytic function of Pt NPs and must be considered in efforts to model Pt NP function computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Wietfeldt
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Rubén Meana-Pañeda
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Chiara Machello
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cyril F Reboul
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Cong T S Van
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sungin Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Heo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hyo Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jungwon Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hans Elmlund
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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2
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Iwai H, Nishino F, Yamamoto T, Kudo M, Tsushida M, Yoshida H, Machida M, Ohyama J. Atomic-Scale 3D Structure of a Supported Pd Nanoparticle Revealed by Electron Tomography with Convolution Neural Network-Based Image Inpainting. Small Methods 2023:e2301163. [PMID: 38044263 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Electron tomography based on scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is used to analyze 3D structures of metal nanoparticles on the atomic scale. However, in the case of supported metal nanoparticle catalysts, the supporting material may interfere with the 3D reconstruction of metal nanoparticles. In this study, a deep learning-based image inpainting method is applied to high-angle annular dark field (HAADF)-STEM images of a supported metal nanoparticle to predict and remove the background image of the support. The inpainting method can separate an 11 nm Pd nanoparticle from the θ-Al2 O3 support in HAADF-STEM images of the θ-Al2 O3 -supported Pd catalyst. 3D reconstruction of the extracted images of the Pd nanoparticle reveals that the Pd nanoparticle adopts a deformed structure of the cuboctahedron model particle, resulting in high index surfaces, which account for the high catalytic activity for methane combustion. Using the xyz coordinate of each Pd atom, the local Pd-Pd bond distance and its variance in a real supported Pd nanoparticle are visualized, showing large strain and disorder at the Pd-Al2 O3 interface. The results demonstrate that 3D atomic-scale analysis enables atomic structure-based understanding and design of supported metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Iwai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Fumiya Nishino
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yamamoto
- The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaki Kudo
- The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masato Machida
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Junya Ohyama
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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3
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Xue F, Li Q, Lv M, Song Y, Yang T, Wang X, Li T, Ren Y, Ohara K, He Y, Li D, Li Q, Chen X, Lin K, Xing X. Atomic Three-Dimensional Investigations of Pd Nanocatalysts for Acetylene Semi-hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38015199 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the three-dimensional (3D) insight into nanocatalyst surfaces at the atomic level is crucial to understanding catalytic reaction mechanisms and developing high-performance catalysts. Nevertheless, better understanding the inherent insufficiency of a long-range ordered lattice in nanocatalysts is a big challenge. In this work, we report the local structure of Pd nanocatalysts, which is beneficial for demonstrating the shape-structure-adsorption relationship in acetylene hydrogenation. The 5.27 nm spherical Pd catalyst (Pdsph) shows an ethylene selectivity of 88% at complete acetylene conversion, which is much higher than those of the Pd octahedron and Pd cube and superior to other reported monometallic Pd nanocatalysts so far. By virtue of the local structure revelation combined with the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) and reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulation, the atomic surface distribution of the unique compressed strain of Pd-Pd pairs in Pdsph was revealed. Density functional theory calculations verified the obvious weakening of the ethylene adsorption energy on account of the surface strain of Pdsph. It is the main factor to avoid the over-hydrogenation of acetylene. The present work, entailing shape-induced surface strain manipulation and atomic 3D insight, opens a new path to understand and optimize chemical activity and selectivity in the heterogeneous catalysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xue
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingxin Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianxing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoge Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yang Ren
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Koji Ohara
- Faculty of Materials for Energy, Shimane University, 1060, Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Diffraction and Scattering Division, Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yufei He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dianqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiheng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xianran Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Chao HY, Venkatraman K, Moniri S, Jiang Y, Tang X, Dai S, Gao W, Miao J, Chi M. In Situ and Emerging Transmission Electron Microscopy for Catalysis Research. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37327473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts are the primary facilitator in many dynamic processes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of these processes has vast implications for a myriad of energy systems. The scanning/transmission electron microscope (S/TEM) is a powerful tool not only for atomic-scale characterization but also in situ catalytic experimentation. Techniques such as liquid and gas phase electron microscopy allow the observation of catalysts in an environment conducive to catalytic reactions. Correlated algorithms can greatly improve microscopy data processing and expand multidimensional data handling. Furthermore, new techniques including 4D-STEM, atomic electron tomography, cryogenic electron microscopy, and monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) push the boundaries of our comprehension of catalyst behavior. In this review, we discuss the existing and emergent techniques for observing catalysts using S/TEM. Challenges and opportunities highlighted aim to inspire and accelerate the use of electron microscopy to further investigate the complex interplay of catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yun Chao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
| | - Kartik Venkatraman
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
| | - Saman Moniri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenpei Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jianwei Miao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
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5
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Heo J, Kim D, Choi H, Kim S, Chun H, Reboul CF, Van CTS, Elmlund D, Choi S, Kim K, Park Y, Elmlund H, Han B, Park J. Method for 3D atomic structure determination of multi-element nanoparticles with graphene liquid-cell TEM. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1814. [PMID: 36725868 PMCID: PMC9892495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the 3D atomic structures of multi-element nanoparticles in their native liquid environment is crucial to understanding their physicochemical properties. Graphene liquid cell (GLC) TEM offers a platform to directly investigate nanoparticles in their solution phase. Moreover, exploiting high-resolution TEM images of single rotating nanoparticles in GLCs, 3D atomic structures of nanoparticles are reconstructed by a method called "Brownian one-particle reconstruction". We here introduce a 3D atomic structure determination method for multi-element nanoparticle systems. The method, which is based on low-pass filtration and initial 3D model generation customized for different types of multi-element systems, enables reconstruction of high-resolution 3D Coulomb density maps for ordered and disordered multi-element systems and classification of the heteroatom type. Using high-resolution image datasets obtained from TEM simulations of PbSe, CdSe, and FePt nanoparticles that are structurally relaxed with first-principles calculations in the graphene liquid cell, we show that the types and positions of the constituent atoms are precisely determined with root mean square displacement values less than 24 pm. Our study suggests that it is possible to investigate the 3D atomic structures of synthesized multi-element nanoparticles in liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyoung Heo
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Choi
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungin Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoje Chun
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Cyril F. Reboul
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Cong T. S. Van
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Dominika Elmlund
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Soonmi Choi
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Samsung Display Co. LTD., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17113 Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Samsung Display Co. LTD., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17113 Republic of Korea
| | - Younggil Park
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Samsung Display Co. LTD., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17113 Republic of Korea
| | - Hans Elmlund
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Byungchan Han
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Republic of Korea
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6
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Kang D, Kim S, Heo J, Kim D, Bae H, Kang S, Shim S, Lee H, Park J. Complex ligand adsorption on 3D atomic surfaces of synthesized nanoparticles investigated by machine-learning accelerated ab initio calculation. Nanoscale 2023; 15:532-539. [PMID: 36515137 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle surfaces are passivated by surface-bound ligands, and their adsorption on synthesized nanoparticles is complicated because of the intricate and low-symmetry surface structures. Thus, it is challenging to precisely investigate ligand adsorption on synthesized nanoparticles. Here, we applied machine-learning-accelerated ab initio calculation to experimentally resolved 3D atomic structures of Pt nanoparticles to analyze the complex adsorption behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ligands on synthesized nanoparticles. Different angular configurations of large-sized ligands are thoroughly investigated to understand the adsorption behavior on various surface-exposed atoms with intrinsic low-symmetry. It is revealed that the ligand binding energy (Eads) of the large-sized ligand shows a weak positive relationship with the generalized coordination number . This is because the strong positive relationship of short-range direct bonding (Ebind) is attenuated by the negative relationship of long-range van der Waals interaction (EvdW). In addition, it is demonstrated that the PVP ligands prefer to adsorb where the long-range vdW interaction with the surrounding surface structure is maximized. Our results highlight the significant contribution of vdW interactions and the importance of the local geometry of surface atoms to the adsorption behavior of large-sized ligands on synthesized nanoparticle surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohun Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Sungin Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Heo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeonhu Bae
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungsu Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdeok Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoonkyung Lee
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungwon Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, 145, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
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7
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Yao L, An H, Zhou S, Kim A, Luijten E, Chen Q. Seeking regularity from irregularity: unveiling the synthesis-nanomorphology relationships of heterogeneous nanomaterials using unsupervised machine learning. Nanoscale 2022; 14:16479-16489. [PMID: 36285804 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03712b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale morphology of functional materials determines their chemical and physical properties. However, despite increasing use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to directly image nanomorphology, it remains challenging to quantify the information embedded in TEM data sets, and to use nanomorphology to link synthesis and processing conditions to properties. We develop an automated, descriptor-free analysis workflow for TEM data that utilizes convolutional neural networks and unsupervised learning to quantify and classify nanomorphology, and thereby reveal synthesis-nanomorphology relationships in three different systems. While TEM records nanomorphology readily in two-dimensional (2D) images or three-dimensional (3D) tomograms, we advance the analysis of these images by identifying and applying a universal shape fingerprint function to characterize nanomorphology. After dimensionality reduction through principal component analysis, this function then serves as the input for morphology grouping through unsupervised learning. We demonstrate the wide applicability of our workflow to both 2D and 3D TEM data sets, and to both inorganic and organic nanomaterials, including tetrahedral gold nanoparticles mixed with irregularly shaped impurities, hybrid polymer-patched gold nanoprisms, and polyamide membranes with irregular and heterogeneous 3D crumple structures. In each of these systems, unsupervised nanomorphology grouping identifies both the diversity and the similarity of the nanomaterial across different synthesis conditions, revealing how synthetic parameters guide nanomorphology development. Our work opens possibilities for enhancing synthesis of nanomaterials through artificial intelligence and for understanding and controlling complex nanomorphology, both for 2D systems and in the far less explored case of 3D structures, such as those with embedded voids or hidden interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehan Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Hyosung An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Petrochemical Materials Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59631, Korea
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ahyoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Erik Luijten
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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8
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Jo H, Wi DH, Lee T, Kwon Y, Jeong C, Lee J, Baik H, Pattison AJ, Theis W, Ophus C, Ercius P, Lee YL, Ryu S, Han SW, Yang Y. Direct strain correlations at the single-atom level in three-dimensional core-shell interface structures. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5957. [PMID: 36216798 PMCID: PMC9551052 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials with core-shell architectures are prominent examples of strain-engineered materials. The lattice mismatch between the core and shell materials can cause strong interface strain, which affects the surface structures. Therefore, surface functional properties such as catalytic activities can be designed by fine-tuning the misfit strain at the interface. To precisely control the core-shell effect, it is essential to understand how the surface and interface strains are related at the atomic scale. Here, we elucidate the surface-interface strain relations by determining the full 3D atomic structure of Pd@Pt core-shell nanoparticles at the single-atom level via atomic electron tomography. Full 3D displacement fields and strain profiles of core-shell nanoparticles were obtained, which revealed a direct correlation between the surface and interface strain. The strain distributions show a strong shape-dependent anisotropy, whose nature was further corroborated by molecular statics simulations. From the observed surface strains, the surface oxygen reduction reaction activities were predicted. These findings give a deep understanding of structure-property relationships in strain-engineerable core-shell systems, which can lead to direct control over the resulting catalytic properties. Understanding 3D interfacial strain at the atomic level has been a long-sought challenge in the field of core-shell nanomaterials. Here, the authors address this challenge by revealing the full 3D atomic structures of Pd@Pt core-shell nanoparticles
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesung Jo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Dae Han Wi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Taegu Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Yongmin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Chaehwa Jeong
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Juhyeok Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hionsuck Baik
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Alexander J Pattison
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Wolfgang Theis
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Colin Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yea-Lee Lee
- Chemical Data-Driven Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Seunghwa Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Han
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
| | - Yongsoo Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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Hu R, Li J, Zhang H, Liu D, Zhou S. Coating PtRh alloy nanoparticles with mesoporous silica for the hydrogenation of toluene to methylcyclohexane. Reac Kinet Mech Cat. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-022-02247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kong D, Han J, Gao Y, Gao Y, Zhou W, Liu G, Lu G. Lower coordination Co 3O 4 mesoporous hierarchical microspheres for comprehensive sensitization of triethylamine vapor sensor. J Hazard Mater 2022; 430:128469. [PMID: 35739661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and detecting triethylamine (TEA) vapor are essential in the organic synthesis industry. Two-dimensional Co3O4 nanosheets with large surface areas and multiple active sites are ideal for fabricating chemiresistive gas sensors. However, the face-to-face stacking owing to the high surface energy of nanosheets, would cover up the active sites, obstruct gas diffusion, raise contact resistance, which all hinder its utilization for TEA detection. Herein, the Co3O4 mesoporous nanosheets were assembled into hierarchical microspheres by adding the structure-directing agent PVP K30 and combined with a proper annealing temperature, which optimized their grain size, specific surface area, pores structure, oxygen vacancies, and the atomic ratio of Co2+ to Co3+. And these ultimately improved the detection capability of TEA. The sensor based on Co3O4 sphere-300 exhibits the highest sensor response of 34.1-100 ppm TEA and a low detection limit (0.5 ppm) at a low working temperature of 150 °C. The promising properties are mainly due to the combination of several advantages that facilitate simultaneous chemical and electronic sensitization. This work prepared a high-performance TEA gas sensor and verified the improvement of comprehensive sensitization on the gas-sensing performance of two-dimensional metal oxide semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehao Kong
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yubing Gao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China.
| | - Weirong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Guannan Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Gas Sensors, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China.
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