1
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Scher JA, Foley B, Murialdo M, Hao Y, Heo TW, Weitzner SE, Aubry S, Kroonblawd MP. Predicted Fracture Tendency of Naturally Occurring Aluminum Surface Coatings under Tensile Loading. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38703131 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Naturally occurring coatings on aluminum metal, such as its oxide or hydroxide, serve to protect the material from corrosion. Understanding the conditions under which these coatings mechanically fail is therefore expected to be an important aspect of predictive models for aluminum component lifetimes. To this end, we develop and apply a molecular dynamics (MD) modeling framework for conducting tension tests that is capable of isolating factors governing the mechanical strength as a function of coating chemistry, defect morphology, and variables associated with the loading path. We consider two representative materials, including γ-Al2O3 and γ-Al(OH)3 (i.e., oxide and hydroxide), both of which form readily as aluminum surface coatings. Our results indicate that defects have a significant bearing on the strength of aluminum oxide, with grain boundaries serving to reduce the strain at failure from εzz = 0.300 to 0.219, relative to perfect single crystal. Our simulations also predict that porosity lowers the elastic stiffness and yield strength of the oxide. Relative to perfect crystal, we find porosity factors of 5%, 10% and 20% decrease the yield stress by 26%, 36% and 53%, respectively. MD predicts that perfect hydroxide and oxide single crystal have respective strains at failure of 0.08 and 0.31 under tensile uniaxial strain loading, and that the corresponding yield stresses are respectively 1.6 and 11.1 GPa. These data indicate that the hydroxide is substantially more susceptible to mechanical failure than the oxide. Our results, coupled with literature findings that indicate hot and humid conditions favor formation of hydroxide and defective oxide coatings, indicate the potential for a complicated dependence of aluminum corrosion susceptibility and stress corrosion cracking on aging history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Scher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 United States
| | - Brandon Foley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 United States
| | - Maxwell Murialdo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 United States
| | - Yue Hao
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 United States
| | - Tae Wook Heo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 United States
| | - Stephen E Weitzner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 United States
| | - Sylvie Aubry
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 United States
| | - Matthew P Kroonblawd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 United States
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2
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Chen X, Shan W, Wu D, Patel SB, Cai N, Li C, Ye S, Liu Z, Hwang S, Zakharov DN, Boscoboinik JA, Wang G, Zhou G. Atomistic mechanisms of water vapor-induced surface passivation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh5565. [PMID: 37910618 PMCID: PMC10619940 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh5565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic mechanisms underpinning the spontaneous surface passivation of metals from ubiquitous water have remained largely elusive. Here, using in situ environmental electron microscopy to atomically monitor the reaction dynamics between aluminum surfaces and water vapor, we provide direct experimental evidence that the surface passivation results in a bilayer oxide film consisting of a crystalline-like Al(OH)3 top layer and an inner layer of amorphous Al2O3. The Al(OH)3 layer maintains a constant thickness of ~5.0 Å, while the inner Al2O3 layer grows at the Al2O3/Al interface to a limiting thickness. On the basis of experimental data and atomistic modeling, we show the tunability of the dissociation pathways of H2O molecules with the Al, Al2O3, and Al(OH)3 surface terminations. The fundamental insights may have practical significance for the design of materials and reactions for two seemingly disparate but fundamentally related disciplines of surface passivation and catalytic H2 production from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Weitao Shan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dongxiang Wu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Shyam Bharatkumar Patel
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Na Cai
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Chaoran Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Shuonan Ye
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Dmitri N. Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | | | - Guofeng Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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3
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Li Y, Liu Q, Wu S, Geng L, Popovic J, Li Y, Chen Z, Wang H, Wang Y, Dai T, Yang Y, Sun H, Lu Y, Zhang L, Tang Y, Xiao R, Li H, Chen L, Maier J, Huang J, Hu YS. Unraveling the Reaction Mystery of Li and Na with Dry Air. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10576-10583. [PMID: 37130260 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Li and Na metals with high energy density are promising in application in rechargeable batteries but suffer from degradation in the ambient atmosphere. The phenomenon that in terms of kinetics, Li is stable but Na is unstable in dry air has not been fully understood. Here, we use in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy combined with theoretical simulations and reveal that the different stabilities in dry air for Li and Na are reflected by the formation of compact Li2O layers on Li metal, while porous and rough Na2O/Na2O2 layers on Na metal are a consequence of the different thermodynamic and kinetics in O2. It is shown that a preformed carbonate layer can change the kinetics of Na toward an anticorrosive behavior. Our study provides a deeper understanding of the often-overlooked chemical reactions with environmental gases and enhances the electrochemical performance of Li and Na by controlling interfacial stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiunan Liu
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Geng
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jelena Popovic
- Physical Chemistry of Solids, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Dai
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiming Sun
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yaxiang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yongfu Tang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Ruijuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, China
| | - Liquan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Joachim Maier
- Physical Chemistry of Solids, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Hu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, China
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4
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Ren Y, Li Y, Kang Z, Zhang X, Wu S, Shen J, Zhou G. A Super Anticorrosive Ultrathin Film by Restarting the Native Passive Film on 316L Stainless Steel. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:367. [PMID: 36678119 PMCID: PMC9862606 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The corrosion resistance of stainless steel is attributed to the extraordinary protectiveness of the ultrathin native passive film (~3 nanometers) on alloy surface. This protectiveness, independent of alloying, can possibly be further increased by modifying the native film to resist corrosion in harsh conditions. However, the modification based on the film itself is extremely difficult due to its rapid, self-limiting growth. Here we present a strategy by using low-temperature plasma processing so as to follow the growth kinetics of the native film. The native oxide film is restarted and can uniformly grow up to ~15 nanometers in a self-limiting manner. High-resolution TEM found that the film exhibited a well-defined, chemical-ordering layered structure. The following corrosion tests revealed that the anodic current density of the alloy decreased by two orders of magnitude in 0.6 M NaCl solution with a remarkable increase of pitting potential. This enhancement is also observed in Fe-Cr alloys with Cr contents above ~10.5 wt.%. The superior protectiveness of the alloy is thus attributed to the continuous and thickened high-quality ultrathin Cr2O3 layer in the restarted film.
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5
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Fu W, Xu W, Yin K, Meng X, Wen Y, Peng L, Tang M, Sun L, Sun Y, Dai Y. Flexible-in-rigid polycrystalline titanium nanofibers: a toughening strategy from a macro-scale to a molecular-scale. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:65-74. [PMID: 36477767 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01255c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 nanomaterials, especially one-dimensional TiO2 nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning, have received considerable attention in the past two decades, for a variety of basic applications. However, their safe use and easy recycling are still hampered by the inherently subpar mechanical performance. Here, we toughened polycrystalline TiO2 nanofibers by introducing Al3+-species at the very beginning of electrospinning. The resultant long-and-continuous TiO2 nanofibers achieved a Young's modulus of 653.8 MPa, which is ca. 25-fold higher than that of conventional TiO2 nanofibers. Within each nanofiber, amorphous Al2O3-based oxide effectively hindered the coalescence of TiO2 nanocrystals and potentially repaired the surface groves. The solid-state 17O-NMR spectra further revealed the toughening strategy on a molecular scale, where relatively flexible Ti-O-Al bonds replaced rigid O-Ti-O bonds at the interfaces of TiO2 and Al2O3. Moreover, the modified TiO2 nanofibers exhibited superb sinter-resistance, without cracking over 900 °C, which was dynamically monitored by TEM. Therefore, flexible-in-rigid TiO2 fibrous mats can be facilely folded into 3D sponges through origami art. As a potential showcase, the TiO2 sponges were demonstrated as a duarable and renewable filtrator with a high filtration efficiency of 99.97% toward PM2.5 and 99.99% toward PM10 after working for 300 min. This work provides a rational strategy to produce flexible oxide nanofibers and gives an in-depth understanding of the toughening mechanism from the macro-scale to the molecular-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Wanlin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Kuibo Yin
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Yujie Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Luming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mingyu Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Litao Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Yueming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Yunqian Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, P. R. China.
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6
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Molybdenum Oxide Functional Passivation of Aluminum Dimers for Enhancing Optical-Field and Environmental Stability. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9080523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we present an experimental and numerical study on the coating of Al plasmonic nanostructures through a conformal layer of high-refractive-index molybdenum oxide. The investigated structures are closely coupled nanodisks where we observe that the effect of the thin coating is to help gap narrowing down to the sub-5-nm range, where a large electromagnetic field enhancement and confinement can be achieved. The solution represents an alternative to more complex and challenging lithographic approaches, and results are also advantageous for enhancing the long-term stability of aluminum nanostructures.
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7
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Zhang H, Wang W, Sun J, Zhong L, He L, Sun L. Surface-Condition-Dependent Deformation Mechanisms in Lead Nanocrystals. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9834636. [PMID: 36016690 PMCID: PMC9362692 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9834636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Serving as nanoelectrodes or frame units, small-volume metals may critically affect the performance and reliability of nanodevices, especially with feature sizes down to the nanometer scale. Small-volume metals usually behave extraordinarily in comparison with their bulk counterparts, but the knowledge of how their sizes and surfaces give rise to their extraordinary properties is currently insufficient. In this study, we investigate the influence of surface conditions on mechanical behaviors in nanometer-sized Pb crystals by performing in situ mechanical deformation tests inside an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope (TEM). Pseudoelastic deformation and plastic deformation processes were observed at atomic precision during deformation of pristine and surface-oxidized Pb particles, respectively. It is found that in most of the pristine Pb particles, surface atom diffusion dominates and leads to a pseudoelastic deformation behavior. In stark contrast, in surface-passivated Pb particles where surface atom diffusion is largely inhibited, deformation proceeds via displacive plasticity including dislocations, stacking faults, and twinning, leading to dominant plastic deformation without any pseudoelasticity. This research directly reveals the dramatic impact of surface conditions on the deformation mechanisms and mechanical behaviors of metallic nanocrystals, which provides significant implications for property tuning of the critical components in advanced nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhang
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wen Wang
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jun Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Li Zhong
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Longbing He
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Litao Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacture, Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
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8
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Preparation of Ti-Al-Si Gradient Coating Based on Silicon Concentration Gradient and Added-Ce. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Titanium and titanium alloys have excellent physical properties and process properties and are widely used in the aviation industry, but their high-temperature oxidation resistance is poor, and there is a thermal barrier temperature of 600 °C, which limits their application as high-temperature components. The Self-generated Gradient Hot-dipping Infiltration (SGHDI) method is used to prepare the Ti-Al-Si gradient coating based on the silicon concentration with a compact Ti(Al,Si)3 phase layer, which can effectively improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the titanium alloy. Adding cerium can effectively inhibit the generation of the τ2: Ti(AlxSi1−x)2 phase within a certain hot infiltration time so as to form a continuous dense Al2O3 layer to further improve the oxidation resistance of the coating. Studies have found that multiple Ti-Al binary alloy phase layers are formed during the high-temperature oxidation process, which has the effect of isolating oxygen and crack growth, and effectively improving the high-temperature resistance of the coating oxidation performance.
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9
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Chang YC, Wang TY, Chen HB. Solution-Processed Organic Photodetectors with Renewable Materials. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10622-10626. [PMID: 35382316 PMCID: PMC8973150 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An organic photodetector prepared by a simple solution method based on renewable citrus pectin with an optimized concentration of aluminum nitrate (AlC05) is introduced herein. The effects of different concentrations of aluminum nitrate on the morphology and optical properties were investigated through various characterization methods. An AlC concentration of 0.5 mg/mL was found to provide the highest on/off ratio and acceptable rise and decay times. Also, the optimized device (Al/AlC0.5/ITO) exhibited good stability and repeatability at a 0.1 V bias under 440 nm visible light. Based on these results, citrus pectin materials were successfully used to fabricate an organic photodetector with a simple and cost-efficient fabrication process, while taking into account environmental commitments.
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10
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Hangarter CM, Anderson RM, Policastro SA. Stress-Affected Oxygen Reduction Reaction Rates on UNS S13800 Stainless Steel. Front Chem 2022; 10:820379. [PMID: 35321477 PMCID: PMC8934858 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.820379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigates the previously unexplored impact of tensile stress on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics of a precipitation-hardened, stainless-steel fastener material, UNS S13800. ORR is known to drive localized and galvanic corrosion in aircraft assemblies and greater understanding of this reaction on structural alloys is important in forecasting component lifetime and service requirements. The mechano-electrochemical behavior of UNSS13800 was examined using amperometry to measure the reduction current response to tensile stress. Mechanical load cycles within the elastic regime demonstrated reversible electrochemical current shifts under chloride electrolyte droplets that exhibited a clear potential dependence. Strain ramping produced current peaks with a strain rate dependence, which was distinct from the chronoamperometric shifts during static tensile load conditions. Finally, mechanistic insight into the dynamic and static responses was obtained by deoxygenation, which demonstrated ORR contributions that were distinct from other reductive processes.
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11
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Du T, Liu H, Tang L, Sørensen SS, Bauchy M, Smedskjaer MM. Predicting Fracture Propensity in Amorphous Alumina from Its Static Structure Using Machine Learning. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17705-17716. [PMID: 34723489 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of amorphous alumina (a-Al2O3) have recently been found to deform permanently up to 100% elongation without fracture at room temperature. If the underlying ductile deformation mechanism can be understood at the nanoscale and exploited in bulk samples, it could help to facilitate the design of damage-tolerant glassy materials, the holy grail within glass science. Here, based on atomistic simulations and classification-based machine learning, we reveal that the propensity of a-Al2O3 to exhibit nanoscale ductility is encoded in its static (nonstrained) structure. By considering the fracture response of a series of a-Al2O3 systems quenched under varying pressure, we demonstrate that the degree of nanoductility is correlated with the number of bond switching events, specifically the fraction of 5- and 6-fold coordinated Al atoms, which are able to decrease their coordination numbers under stress. In turn, we find that the tendency for bond switching can be predicted based on a nonintuitive structural descriptor calculated based on the static structure, namely, the recently developed "softness" metric as determined from machine learning. Importantly, the softness metric is here trained from the spontaneous dynamics of the system (i.e., under zero strain) but, interestingly, is able to readily predict the fracture behavior of the glass (i.e., under strain). That is, lower softness facilitates Al bond switching and the local accumulation of high-softness regions leads to rapid crack propagation. These results are helpful for designing glass formulations with improved resistance to fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Du
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Han Liu
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Longwen Tang
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Søren S Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Mathieu Bauchy
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Morten M Smedskjaer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
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12
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Yang W, Luo ZP, Bao WK, Xie H, You ZS, Jin HJ. Light, strong, and stable nanoporous aluminum with native oxide shell. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/28/eabb9471. [PMID: 34244136 PMCID: PMC8270488 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb9471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) metal is highly reactive but has excellent corrosion resistance because of the formation of a self-healing passive oxide layer on the surface. Here, we report that this native aluminum oxide shell can also stabilize and strengthen porous Al when the ligament (strut) size is decreased to the submicron or nanometer scale. The nanoporous Al with native oxide shell, which is a nanoporous Al-Al2O3 core-shell composite self-organized in a galvanic replacement reaction, is nonflammable under ambient conditions and stable against coarsening near melting temperatures. This material is stronger than conventional foams of similar density consisting of pure Al or Al-based composites, and also lighter and stronger than most nanoporous metals reported previously. Its light weight, high strength, and excellent stability warrant the explorations of functional and structural applications of this material, if more efficient and scalable synthesis processes are developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zhao-Ping Luo
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Wei-Kang Bao
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Hui Xie
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Ze-Sheng You
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Hai-Jun Jin
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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13
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Hatt T, Bartsch J, Davis V, Richter A, Kluska S, Glunz SW, Glatthaar M, Fischer A. Hydrophobic AlO x Surfaces by Adsorption of a SAM on Large Areas for Application in Solar Cell Metallization Patterning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5803-5813. [PMID: 33492948 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A resist-free metallization of copper-plated contacts is attractive to replace screen-printed silver contacts and is demonstrated on large-area silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. In our approach, a self-passivated Al layer is used as a mask during the plating process. In this study, Al/AlOx or Al2O3 plating masks are further functionalized by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of octadecyl phosphonic acid (ODPA). The ODPA adsorption is characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) (in situ), and contact angle measurements to link the surface chemical composition to wetting properties. The SAM leads to homogeneous hydrophobic surfaces on large-area textured solar cells and planar flexible printed circuit boards (PCBs), which allows reproducible patterning of narrow lines by inkjet printing of an etchant. Selective copper plating is then performed to complete the metallization process and produce Cu contacts in the patterned areas. Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells metallized by the complete sequence reached up to 22.4% efficiency on a large area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Hatt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Bartsch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Victoria Davis
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS@FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Armin Richter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sven Kluska
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan W Glunz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Emmy-Noether-Str. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatthaar
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS@FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Zhang Z, Liu D, Huo F, Huang S, Cui J, Lu Y, Parkin IP, Guo D. Self-healing on mismatched fractured composite surfaces of SiC with a diameter of 180 nm. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19617-19627. [PMID: 32584359 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04127k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing on fractured surfaces of silicon carbide (SiC) is highly desirable, to avoid the catastrophic failure of high-performance devices working at extreme environments. Nevertheless, self-healing on a fractured surface of an amorphous and crystalline (AAC) composite structure of a brittle nanowire (NW) has not been demonstrated. In this study, self-healing is demonstrated on mismatched fractured surfaces of the AAC composite structure of a brittle solid for a SiC NW with a diameter of 187 nm. Fracture strength is 10.18 GPa for the AAC structure, recovering 11.7% after self-healing on its mismatched fractured surfaces. To the best of our knowledge, we firstly report the self-healing on mismatched fractured surfaces of the AAC structure for a brittle NW. This is a breakthrough of the previous prediction that self-healing could not be realized on a brittle NW with a diameter over 150 nm. A growth of 3 nm was found after self-healing on the gap induced by mismatched fractured surfaces, which is different from previous reports for pure amorphous and monocrystalline brittle NWs. To reduce the potential energy, coherent rebonding and debonding were performed to realize the atomic migration to fill the gap, resulting in the growth of gap of 3 nm to perform self-healing. Our findings shed light on the potential of self-healing for design and fabrication of next-generation high-performance SiC devices used in the vacuum and aerospace industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-Traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-Traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Fengwei Huo
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Yingkou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, China
| | - Siling Huang
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-Traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Junfeng Cui
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-Traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Dongming Guo
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-Traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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15
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Chen Y, Wang Z, Li X, Yao X, Wang C, Li Y, Xue W, Yu D, Kim SY, Yang F, Kushima A, Zhang G, Huang H, Wu N, Mai YW, Goodenough JB, Li J. Li metal deposition and stripping in a solid-state battery via Coble creep. Nature 2020; 578:251-255. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Zhao P, Guan X, Zheng H, Jia S, Li L, Liu H, Zhao L, Sheng H, Meng W, Zhuang Y, Wu J, Li L, Wang J. Surface- and Strain-Mediated Reversible Phase Transformation in Quantum-Confined ZnO Nanowires. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:216101. [PMID: 31809167 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.216101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The phase stability of ZnO in a quantum-confinement size regime (sub-2-nm) remains fiercely debated. Applying in situ (scanning) transmission electron microscopy, we present the atomistic view of the phase transitions from the original wurtzite structure to an intermediate body-centered tetragonal and h-MgO structure under tensile strain in quantum-confined ZnO nanowires. Strikingly, such structural transitions are reversible after releasing the stress. Further theoretical calculations mirror the transition pathway and provide basic insight into the overall landscape regarding surface- and strain-dependent phase transition behavior. Our results provide the critical piece to solve the puzzle in phase stability of ZnO, which may prove essential for advancing a variety of nanotechnologies, e.g., quantum-dot light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Zhao
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoxi Guan
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - He Zheng
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shuangfeng Jia
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lulu Zhao
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huaping Sheng
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Weiwei Meng
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuanlin Zhuang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiangbing Wu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Luying Li
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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17
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Frankberg EJ, Kalikka J, García Ferré F, Joly-Pottuz L, Salminen T, Hintikka J, Hokka M, Koneti S, Douillard T, Le Saint B, Kreiml P, Cordill MJ, Epicier T, Stauffer D, Vanazzi M, Roiban L, Akola J, Di Fonzo F, Levänen E, Masenelli-Varlot K. Highly ductile amorphous oxide at room temperature and high strain rate. Science 2019; 366:864-869. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erkka J. Frankberg
- Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, UCBL, MATEIS, CNRS UMR 5510, Villeurbanne, France
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy
| | - Janne Kalikka
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Francisco García Ferré
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucile Joly-Pottuz
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, UCBL, MATEIS, CNRS UMR 5510, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Turkka Salminen
- Tampere Microscopy Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jouko Hintikka
- Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko Hokka
- Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Siddardha Koneti
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, UCBL, MATEIS, CNRS UMR 5510, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thierry Douillard
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, UCBL, MATEIS, CNRS UMR 5510, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bérangère Le Saint
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, UCBL, MATEIS, CNRS UMR 5510, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Patrice Kreiml
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Leoben, Austria
| | - Megan J. Cordill
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Leoben, Austria
| | - Thierry Epicier
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, UCBL, MATEIS, CNRS UMR 5510, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Matteo Vanazzi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucian Roiban
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, UCBL, MATEIS, CNRS UMR 5510, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jaakko Akola
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Fabio Di Fonzo
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy
| | - Erkki Levänen
- Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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18
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Cui K, Wardle BL. Breakdown of Native Oxide Enables Multifunctional, Free-Form Carbon Nanotube-Metal Hierarchical Architectures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35212-35220. [PMID: 31514497 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Passive oxide layers on metal substrates impose remarkable interfacial resistance for electron and phonon transport. Here, a scalable surface activation process is presented for the breakdown of the passive oxide layer and the formation of nanowire/nanopyramid structured surfaces on metal substrates, which enables high-efficiency catalysis of high-crystallinity carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the direct integration of the CNT-metal hierarchical architectures with flexible free-form configurations. The CNT-metal hierarchical architecture facilitates a dielectric free-energy-carrier transport pathway and blocks the reformation of passive oxide layer, and thus demonstrates a 5-fold decrease in interfacial electrical resistance with 66% increase in specific surface area compared with those without surface activation. Moreover, the CNT-metal hierarchical architectures demonstrate omnidirectional blackbody photoabsorption with the reflectance of 1 × 10-5 over the range from ultraviolet to terahertz region, which is 1 order of magnitude lower than that of any previously reported broadband absorber material. The synergistically incorporated CNT-metal hierarchical architectures offer record-high broadband optical absorption with excellent electrical and structural properties as well as industrial-scale producibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehang Cui
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02134 , United States
| | - Brian L Wardle
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02134 , United States
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19
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Leisegang T, Meutzner F, Zschornak M, Münchgesang W, Schmid R, Nestler T, Eremin RA, Kabanov AA, Blatov VA, Meyer DC. The Aluminum-Ion Battery: A Sustainable and Seminal Concept? Front Chem 2019; 7:268. [PMID: 31119122 PMCID: PMC6504778 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of renewable energy and the growing number of electric vehicles and mobile devices are demanding improved and low-cost electrochemical energy storage. In order to meet the future needs for energy storage, novel material systems with high energy densities, readily available raw materials, and safety are required. Currently, lithium and lead mainly dominate the battery market, but apart from cobalt and phosphorous, lithium may show substantial supply challenges prospectively, as well. Therefore, the search for new chemistries will become increasingly important in the future, to diversify battery technologies. But which materials seem promising? Using a selection algorithm for the evaluation of suitable materials, the concept of a rechargeable, high-valent all-solid-state aluminum-ion battery appears promising, in which metallic aluminum is used as the negative electrode. On the one hand, this offers the advantage of a volumetric capacity four times higher (theoretically) compared to lithium analog. On the other hand, aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust. There is a mature industry and recycling infrastructure, making aluminum very cost efficient. This would make the aluminum-ion battery an important contribution to the energy transition process, which has already started globally. So far, it has not been possible to exploit this technological potential, as suitable positive electrodes and electrolyte materials are still lacking. The discovery of inorganic materials with high aluminum-ion mobility—usable as solid electrolytes or intercalation electrodes—is an innovative and required leap forward in the field of rechargeable high-valent ion batteries. In this review article, the constraints for a sustainable and seminal battery chemistry are described, and we present an assessment of the chemical elements in terms of negative electrodes, comprehensively motivate utilizing aluminum, categorize the aluminum battery field, critically review the existing positive electrodes and solid electrolytes, present a promising path for the accelerated development of novel materials and address problems of scientific communication in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann Leisegang
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany.,Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Falk Meutzner
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany.,Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Matthias Zschornak
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfram Münchgesang
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Robert Schmid
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Tina Nestler
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Roman A Eremin
- Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia.,Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science, Samara University, Samara, Russia
| | - Artem A Kabanov
- Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia.,Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science, Samara University, Samara, Russia
| | - Vladislav A Blatov
- Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia.,Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science, Samara University, Samara, Russia
| | - Dirk C Meyer
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
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20
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Wang R, Li X, Wang L, Zhao X, Yang G, Li A, Wu C, Shen Q, Zhou Y, Zou Z. Construction of Al-ZnO/CdS photoanodes modified with distinctive alumina passivation layer for improvement of photoelectrochemical efficiency and stability. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:19621-19627. [PMID: 30325386 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06880a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ZnO/CdS-based nanorod arrays (NRs) are an excellent class of photoanode materials, which possess high photoelectric response for solar-driven water splitting. A highly efficient photoanode system consisting of Al-doped ZnO NRs as effective electron-transfer layers and CdS as a light harvesting layer was rationally designed. Al doping increased the conductivity of ZnO NRs and simultaneously coarsened the surface of ZnO due to expansion of ZnO lattice. The rough surface favoured the growth of a CdS coating layer on it through a successive ionic layer adsorption reaction. The integrated ZnO/CdS photoanode exhibited photocurrent of 10.4 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen potential) and conversion efficiency of 5.75% at 0.38 V versus RHE for 60 SILAR CdS cycles. The coating of a protective Al2O3 passivation layer through the direct current magnetron sputtering technique significantly improved the stability of the electrode, and it was better than that of the conventional atomic layer deposition method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Department of Physics, Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
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21
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Zhao C, Nie X, Tjong J. Renewable Cr 2O 3 Nanolayer on Cr(W)N Surface for Seizure Prevention at Elevated Temperatures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25787-25793. [PMID: 29986127 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromium nitride coating is now the norm for improving the wear resistance of high-performance mechanical components. Even so, to prevent the seizure issue between the contacting interfaces, the prerequisites are oil or solid lubricants which would however lose the lubricating functionality at elevated temperatures due to breakdown or degradation. In this research, we utilize a Cr2O3 nanolayer formed on modified Cr(W)N coating to prevent the adhesive seizure for steel-based components. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses show that the chromium oxide can be generated at 200-400 °C. At 400 °C, the Cr2O3 nanolayer is in situ formed and maintains a consistent thickness of 2.2 nm due to the oxide renewal during the heating-sliding operation. The in situ, renewable oxide nanolayer provides a novel approach to the technically unsolved seizure problem occurring in high-performance machines operated at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Xueyuan Nie
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Jimi Tjong
- Powertrain Engineering Research & Development Center , Ford Motor of Canada , Windsor , Ontario N9A 6X3 , Canada
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