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Stottmeister D, Wildersinn L, Maibach J, Hofmann A, Jeschull F, Groß A. Unraveling Propylene Oxide Formation in Alkali Metal Batteries. ChemSusChem 2024; 17:e202300995. [PMID: 37820026 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing need for electrochemical energy storage drives the development of post-lithium battery systems. Among the most promising new battery types are sodium-based battery systems. However, like its lithium predecessor, sodium batteries suffer from various issues like parasitic side reactions, which lead to a loss of active sodium inventory, thus reducing the capacity over time. Some problems in sodium batteries arise from an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) reducing its protective power e. g., due to increased solubility of SEI components in sodium battery systems. While it is known that the electrolyte affects the SEI structure, the exact formation mechanism of the SEI is not yet fully understood. In this study, we follow the initial SEI formation on a piece of sodium metal submerged in propylene carbonate with and without the electrolyte salt sodium perchlorate. We combine X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and density functional theory to unravel the sudden emergence of propylene oxide after adding sodium perchlorate to the electrolyte solvent. We identify the formation of a sodium chloride layer as a crucial step in forming propylene oxide by enabling precursors formed from propylene carbonate on the sodium metal surface to undergo a ring-closing reaction. Based on our combined theoretical and experimental approach, we identify changes in the electrolyte decomposition process, propose a reaction mechanism to form propylene oxide and discuss alternatives based on known synthesis routes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonie Wildersinn
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein - Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Julia Maibach
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein - Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE - 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein - Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Fabian Jeschull
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein - Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89069, Ulm, Germany
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Chong S, Yuan L, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Qiao S, Li T, Ma M, Yuan B, Liu Z. Bismuth Telluride Nanoplates Hierarchically Confined by Graphene and N-Doped C as Conversion-Alloying Anode Materials for Potassium-Ion Batteries. Small 2023; 19:e2303985. [PMID: 37442792 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have broad application prospects in the field of electric energy storage systems because of its abundant K reserves, and similar "rocking chair" operating principle as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Aiming to the large volume expansion and sluggish dynamic behavior of anode materials for storing large sized K-ion, bismuth telluride (Bi2 Te3 ) nanoplates hierarchically encapsulated by reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) are constructed as anodes for PIBs. The resultant Bi2 Te3 @rGO@NC architecture features robust chemical bond of Bi─O─C, tightly physicochemical confinement effect, typical conductor property, and enhanced K-ion adsorption ability, thereby producing superior electrochemical kinetics and outstanding morphological and structural stability. It is visually elucidated via high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) that conversion-alloying dual-mechanism plays a significant role in K-ion storage, allowing 12 K-ion transport per formular unit employing Bi as redox site. Thus, the high first reversible specific capacity of 322.70 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1 , great rate capability and cyclic stability can be achieved for Bi2 Te3 @rGO@NC. This work lays the foundation for an in-depth understanding of conversion-alloying mechanism in potassium-ion storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokun Chong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518063, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qianwen Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yikun Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyan Qiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Meng Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Bingyang Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhengqing Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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Ma Z, Gao Y, Bao C, Xiaohong X, Hongbo L. Reasonable Intrinsic Microstructure of Microcrystalline Graphite for High-rate and Long-life Potassium-Ion Batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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4
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Jiang J, Wang K, Guo H, Zuo G, Zhuo Z, Lu N. Anisotropic electrene T'-Ca 2P with electron gas magnetic coupling as anode material for Na/K ion batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10567-10574. [PMID: 35445237 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05365e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for high-performance rechargeable electrical storage devices as a supplement or a substitution for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to the shortage of lithium in nature. Herein we propose a stable 2D electrene T'-Ca2P as an anode material for Na/K ion batteries developed using first principles calculations. Our calculated results show that the T'-Ca2P monolayer is an antiferromagnetic semiconducting electrene with a spin-polarized electron gas. It exhibits suitable adsorption for both Na and K atoms, and its anisotropic migration energy barriers are 0.050/0.101 eV and 0.037/0.091 eV in the b/a direction, respectively. The theoretical capacities for Na and K are both 482 MA h g-1, whereas the average working voltage platforms are 0.171-0.226 V and 0.013-0.267 V, respectively. All the results reveal that the T'-Ca2P monolayer has promising prospects for application as an anode material for Na/K ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
| | - Guizhong Zuo
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhuo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
| | - Ning Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
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Fan L, Hu Y, Rao AM, Zhou J, Hou Z, Wang C, Lu B. Prospects of Electrode Materials and Electrolytes for Practical Potassium-Based Batteries. Small Methods 2021; 5:e2101131. [PMID: 34928013 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted tremendous attention because of their high energy density and low-cost. As such, much effort has focused on developing electrode materials and electrolytes for PIBs at the material levels. This review begins with an overview of the high-performance electrode materials and electrolytes, and then evaluates their prospects and challenges for practical PIBs to penetrate the market. The current status of PIBs for safe operation, energy density, power density, cyclability, and sustainability is discussed and future studies for electrode materials, electrolytes, and electrode-electrolyte interfaces are identified. It is anticipated that this review will motivate research and development to fill existing gaps for practical potassium-based full batteries so that they may be commercialized in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yanyao Hu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Apparao M Rao
- Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Jiang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaohui Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, China
| | - Chengxin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bingan Lu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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6
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Ells AW, May R, Marbella LE. Potassium Fluoride and Carbonate Lead to Cell Failure in Potassium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:53841-53849. [PMID: 34735122 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While Li-ion is the prevailing commercial battery chemistry, the development of batteries that use earth-abundant alkali metals (e.g., Na and K) alleviates reliance on Li with potentially cheaper technologies. Electrolyte engineering has been a major thrust of Li-ion battery (LIB) research, and it is unclear if the same electrolyte design principles apply to K-ion batteries (KIBs). Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is a well-known additive used in Li-ion electrolytes because the products of its sacrificial decomposition aid in forming a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anode surface. Here, we show that FEC addition to KIBs containing hard carbon anodes results in a dramatic decrease in capacity and cell failure in only two cycles, whereas capacity retention remains high (> 90% over 100 cycles at C/10 for both KPF6 and KFSI) for electrolytes that do not contain FEC. Using a combination of 19F solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we show that FEC decomposes during galvanostatic cycling to form insoluble KF and K2CO3 on the anode surface, which correlates with increased interfacial resistance in the cell. Our results strongly suggest that KIB performance is sensitive to the accumulation of an inorganic SEI, likely due to poor K transport in these compounds. This mechanism of FEC decomposition was confirmed in two separate electrolyte formulations using KPF6 or KFSI. Interestingly, the salt anions do not decompose themselves, unlike their Li analogues. Insight from these results indicates that electrolyte decomposition pathways and favorable SEI components are significantly different in KIBs and LIBs, suggesting that entirely new approaches to KIB electrolyte engineering are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Ells
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th St, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Richard May
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th St, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Lauren E Marbella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th St, New York, New York 10027, United States
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7
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Wang D, Li L, Zhang Z, Liu J, Guo X, Mao C, Peng H, Li Z, Li G. Mechanistic Insights into the Intercalation and Interfacial Chemistry of Mesocarbon Microbeads Anode for Potassium Ion Batteries. Small 2021; 17:e2103557. [PMID: 34590427 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) are highly desirable as anode materials for rechargeable potassium ion batteries (PIBs) due to their commercially availability, high stability and low-cost. However, their charge storage and interfacial mechanisms are still unclear. In this work, the intercalation mechanisms and the solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) formation of the MCMB in four different electrolytes is comprehensively studied. The MCMB anodes exhibit superior rate and cycle performances via a naked K-ions sequentially staging intercalation mechanism, realizing the complete transformation from graphite to KC8 . Whereas a solvated K-ions co-intercalation mechanism of the MCMB occurs in ether-based electrolytes, which might induce graphite exfoliation and result in unsatisfied specific capacity and capacity decay. Nevertheless, this co-intercalation behavior could be effectively suppressed by a highly concentrated electrolytes. Interfacial analyses unveil the distinct SEI components, which vary with the electrolyte chemistries. These SEI components also varies from surface to bulk and especially attention should be paid to the accurate control of the concentration of the fluoroethylene carbonate additives. This work provides a panoramic understanding of the intercalation and interfacial mechanisms on the MCMB anodes for PIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Lingjie Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Xiaosong Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Changming Mao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Hongrui Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Guicun Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
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Xia Y, Jin W, Qi Y, Li H, Jian Z, Chen W. Low-coordination water Prussian white as cathode for high-performance potassium-ion batteries. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Li W, Zhang R, Chen Z, Fan B, Xiao K, Liu H, Gao P, Wu J, Tu C, Liu J. Microstructure-Dependent K + Storage in Porous Hard Carbon. Small 2021; 17:e2100397. [PMID: 33887090 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hard carbons (HCs) are emerging as promising anodes for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) due to overwhelming advantages including cost effectiveness and outstanding physicochemical properties. However, the fundamental K+ storage mechanism in HCs and the key structural parameters that determining K+ storage behaviors remain unclear and require further exploration. Herein, HC materials with controllable micro/mesopore structures are first synthesized by template-assisted spray pyrolysis technology. Detailed experimental analyses including in situ Raman and in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis reveal two different K+ storage ways in the porous hard carbon (p-HC), e.g., the adsorption mechanism at high potential region and the intercalation mechanism at low potential region. Both are strongly dependent on the evolution of microstructure and significantly affect the electrochemical performance. Specifically, the adequate micropores act as the active sites for efficient K+ storage and ion-buffering reservoir to relieve the volume expansion, ensuring enhanced specific capacity and good structural stability. The abundant mesopores in the porous structure provide conductive pathways for ion diffusion and/or electrolyte infiltration, endowing fast ionic/electronic transport kinetics. All these together contribute to the high energy density of activated carbon//p-HCs potassium ion hybrid capacitors (74.5 Wh kg-1 , at 184.4 W kg-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weize Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemistry l, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, Karlsruhe, 76021, Germany
| | - Binbin Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Kuikui Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jianfang Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Chuanjun Tu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jilei Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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Ma LA, Naylor AJ, Nyholm L, Younesi R. Strategies for Mitigating Dissolution of Solid Electrolyte Interphases in Sodium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4855-4863. [PMID: 33169891 PMCID: PMC7986800 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial reactions in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are not well understood yet. The formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in SIBs is still challenging due to the higher solubility of the SEI components compared to lithium analogues. This study therefore aims to shed light on the dissolution of SEI influenced by the electrolyte chemistry. By conducting electrochemical tests with extended open circuit pauses, and using surface spectroscopy, we determine the extent of self-discharge due to SEI dissolution. Instead of using a conventional separator, β-alumina was used as sodium-conductive membrane to avoid crosstalk between the working and sodium-metal counter electrode. The relative capacity loss after a pause of 50 hours in the tested electrolyte systems ranges up to 30 %. The solubility of typical inorganic SEI species like NaF and Na2 CO3 was determined. The electrolytes were then saturated by those SEI species in order to oppose ageing due to the dissolution of the SEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Anh Ma
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University75121UppsalaSweden
| | - Andrew J. Naylor
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University75121UppsalaSweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University75121UppsalaSweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University75121UppsalaSweden
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Ma LA, Naylor AJ, Nyholm L, Younesi R. Strategies for Mitigating Dissolution of Solid Electrolyte Interphases in Sodium‐Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Anh Ma
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Andrew J. Naylor
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75121 Uppsala Sweden
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12
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Jeschull F, Maibach J. Inactive materials matter: How binder amounts affect the cycle life of graphite electrodes in potassium-ion batteries. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Hosaka T, Matsuyama T, Kubota K, Yasuno S, Komaba S. Development of KPF 6/KFSA Binary-Salt Solutions for Long-Life and High-Voltage K-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:34873-34881. [PMID: 32697073 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of binary-salt electrolytes of KPF6/KN(SO2F)2 (KFSA) in carbonate ester solvents have been developed for high-voltage K-ion batteries by clarifying the effect of salt ratio and different solvents on the physical properties of the electrolyte solutions and electrochemical performance of K-ion batteries. The KPF6/KFSA carbonate ester solutions, such as KPF6/KFSA ethylene carbonate (EC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC), exhibit higher ionic conductivity than single-salt KPF6 one, and higher KFSA content results in higher ionic conductivity. The KPF6-rich binary-salt electrolytes with KPF6/KFSA ratios of ≥3 (mol/mol) provide enough oxidation stability and passivation against Al corrosion at 4.6 V over 100 h, ensuring reversible operation of a 4 V class positive electrode, K2Mn[Fe(CN)6] in half-cell. Graphite negative electrodes exhibit higher Coulombic efficiency and better rate performance in 0.75 mol kg-1 K(PF6)0.9(FSA)0.1/EC/DEC and 1 mol kg-1 K(PF6)0.75(FSA)0.25/EC/DEC electrolytes than those in the KPF6 one. Surface analysis by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the decomposition product of N(SO2F)2- anion contributes to stabilizing solid electrolyte interphase on a graphite electrode. From comparing different solvents of EC/DEC, EC/ethyl methyl carbonate, and EC/propylene carbonate (PC), the K2Mn[Fe(CN)6] electrode demonstrates the highest Coulombic efficiency in the EC/PC binary electrolyte, while graphite electrodes exhibit no significant difference. Based on the half-cell tests, we successfully achieve the 3.6 V class full cell of graphite|K(PF6)0.75(FSA)0.25/EC/PC|K2Mn[Fe(CN)6] showing excellent cyclability over 500 cycles, which is far superior to that of the conventional KPF6/EC/DEC electrolyte cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomooki Hosaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Matsuyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kei Kubota
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuno
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Shinichi Komaba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
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Han K, Meng J, Hong X, Wang X, Mai L. Three-dimensional graphene-supported nickel disulfide nanoparticles promise stable and fast potassium storage. Nanoscale 2020; 12:8255-8261. [PMID: 32242584 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01274b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nickel sulfide (NiS2) is generally regarded as an appropriate anode for manufacturing new-type potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), while the development and application of NiS2 are hampered by poor intrinsic electrical conductivity and huge volumetric change during potassiation/de-potassiation. Herein, we construct self-adaptive NiS2 nanoparticles confined to a three-dimensional graphene oxide (NiS2/3DGO) electrode via in situ sulfurization and self-assembly processes. The as-obtained NiS2/3DGO exhibits high reversible capacity (391 mA h g-1) and outstanding rate behavior (stable cycling at 1000 mA g-1) for PIBs. Furthermore, in situ X-ray diffractometry and ex situ Raman test results elucidate partially reversible transformation from the cubic NiS2 phase to the KxNiS2 intermediate, followed by generating a Ni0 and K2S4 product. This phenomenon is caused by the conversion reaction mechanism of NiS2 nanocrystals along with an amorphous phase transition during the initial cycle. Such understandings may shed new light on the application of metal sulfides and give directions to design novel electrodes with desirable structural stability and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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