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Shi Z, Jin Y, Han T, Yang H, Gond R, Subasi Y, Asfaw HD, Younesi R, Jönsson PG, Yang W. Bio-based anode material production for lithium-ion batteries through catalytic graphitization of biochar: the deployment of hybrid catalysts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3966. [PMID: 38368434 PMCID: PMC10874404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Producing sustainable anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) through catalytic graphitization of renewable biomass has gained significant attention. However, the technology is in its early stages due to the bio-graphite's comparatively low electrochemical performance in LIBs. This study aims to develop a process for producing LIB anode materials using a hybrid catalyst to enhance battery performance, along with readily available market biochar as the raw material. Results indicate that a trimetallic hybrid catalyst (Ni, Fe, and Mn in a 1:1:1 ratio) is superior to single or bimetallic catalysts in converting biochar to bio-graphite. The bio-graphite produced under this catalyst exhibits an 89.28% degree of graphitization and a 73.95% conversion rate. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) reveals the dissolution-precipitation mechanism involved in catalytic graphitization. Electrochemical performance evaluation showed that the trimetallic hybrid catalyst yielded bio-graphite with better electrochemical performances than those obtained through single or bimetallic hybrid catalysts, including a good reversible capacity of about 293 mAh g-1 at a current density of 20 mA/g and a stable cycle performance with a capacity retention of over 98% after 100 cycles. This study proves the synergistic efficacy of different metals in catalytic graphitization, impacting both graphite crystalline structure and electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Shi
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yanghao Jin
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tong Han
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hanmin Yang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ritambhara Gond
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yaprak Subasi
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Habtom Desta Asfaw
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pär G Jönsson
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weihong Yang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ma LA, Buckel A, Hofmann A, Nyholm L, Younesi R. Fundamental Understanding and Quantification of Capacity Losses Involving the Negative Electrode in Sodium-Ion Batteries. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306771. [PMID: 38059817 PMCID: PMC10853709 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about capacity losses related to the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is still limited. One major challenge in SIBs is that the solubility of SEI species in liquid electrolytes is comparatively higher than the corresponding species formed in Li-ion batteries. This study sheds new light on the associated capacity losses due to initial SEI formation, SEI dissolution and subsequent SEI reformation, charge leakage via SEI and subsequent SEI growth, and diffusion-controlled sodium trapping in electrode particles. By using a variety of electrochemical cycling protocols, synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) spectroscopy, capacity losses due to changes in the SEI layer during different open circuit pause times are investigated in nine different electrolyte solutions. It is shown that the amount of capacity lost depends on the interplay between the electrolyte chemistry and the thickness and stability of the SEI layer. The highest capacity loss is measured in NaPF6 in ethylene carboante mixed with diethylene carbonate electrolyte (i.e., 5 µAh h-1/2 pause or 2.78 mAh g·h-1/2 pause ) while the lowest value is found in NaTFSI in ethylene carbonate mixed with dimethoxyethance electrolyte (i.e., 1.3 µAh h-1/2 pause or 0.72 mAh g·h-1/2 pause ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Anh Ma
- Department of Chemistry‐Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSE‐75121Sweden
| | - Alexander Buckel
- Department of Chemistry‐Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSE‐75121Sweden
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Karlsruher Institut für TechnologieInstitut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM)Herrmann‐von‐Helmholtz Platz 176344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department of Chemistry‐Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSE‐75121Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry‐Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSE‐75121Sweden
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3
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Tesfamhret Y, Liu H, Berg EJ, Younesi R. The role of ethylene carbonate (EC) and tetramethylene sulfone (SL) in the dissolution of transition metals from lithium-ion cathodes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20520-20529. [PMID: 37435367 PMCID: PMC10331795 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02535g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal (TM) dissolution is a direct consequence of cathode-electrolyte interaction, having implications not only for the loss of redox-active material from the cathode but also for the alteration of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) composition and stability at the counter electrode. It has widely been reported that the limited anodic stability of typical carbonate-based electrolytes, specifically ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolytes, makes high-voltage cathode performance problematic. Hence, the more anodically stable tetramethylene sulfone (SL) has herein been utilized as a co-solvent and a substitute for EC in combination with diethyl carbonate (DEC) to investigate the TM dissolution behavior of LiN0.8C0.17Al0.03 (NCA) and LiMn2O4 (LMO). EC|DEC and SL|DEC solvents in combination with either LiPF6 or LiBOB salts have been evaluated, with LFP as a counter electrode to eliminate the influence of low potential anodes. Oxidative degradation of EC is shown to propagate HF generation, which is conversely reflected by an increased TM dissolution. Therefore, TM dissolution is accelerated by the acidification of the electrolyte. Although replacing EC with the anodically stable SL reduces HF generation and effectively mitigates TM dissolution, SL containing electrolytes are demonstrated to be less capable of supporting Li-ion transport and thus show lower cycling stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Tesfamhret
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 538 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Haidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 538 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Erik J Berg
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 538 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 538 SE-75121 Uppsala Sweden
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Hakim C, Asfaw HD, Younesi R, Brandell D, Edström K, Saadoune I. Development of P2 or P2/P3 cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries by controlling the Ni and Mn contents in Na0.7CoxMnyNizO2 layered oxide. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Linnell S, Kim EJ, Ma LA, Naden A, Irvine J, Younesi R, Duda L, Armstrong AR. Effect of Ti Substitution on the Properties of P3 Structure Na2/3Mn0.8Li0.2O2 Showing a Ribbon Superlattice. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun Jeong Kim
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Le Anh Ma
- Uppsala Universitet Department of Chemistry SWEDEN
| | - Aaron Naden
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - John Irvine
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Reza Younesi
- Uppsala Universitet Department of Chemistry SWEDEN
| | - Laurent Duda
- Uppsala Universitet Department of Physics and Astronomy SWEDEN
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Sångeland C, Hernández G, Brandell D, Younesi R, Hahlin M, Mindemark J. Dissecting the Solid Polymer Electrolyte-Electrode Interface in the Vicinity of Electrochemical Stability Limits. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:28716-28728. [PMID: 35708265 PMCID: PMC9247984 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Proper understanding of solid polymer electrolyte-electrode interfacial layer formation and its implications on cell performance is a vital step toward realizing practical solid-state lithium-ion batteries. At the same time, probing these solid-solid interfaces is extremely challenging as they are buried within the electrochemical system, thereby efficiently evading exposure to surface-sensitive spectroscopic methods. Still, the probing of interfacial degradation layers is essential to render an accurate picture of the behavior of these materials in the vicinity of their electrochemical stability limits and to complement the incomplete picture gained from electrochemical assessments. In this work, we address this issue in conjunction with presenting a thorough evaluation of the electrochemical stability window of the solid polymer electrolyte poly(ε-caprolactone):lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PCL:LiTFSI). According to staircase voltammetry, the electrochemical stability window of the polyester-based electrolyte was found to span from 1.5 to 4 V vs Li+/Li. Subsequent decomposition of PCL:LiTFSI outside of the stability window led to a buildup of carbonaceous, lithium oxide and salt-derived species at the electrode-electrolyte interface, identified using postmortem spectroscopic analysis. These species formed highly resistive interphase layers, acting as major bottlenecks in the SPE system. Resistance and thickness values of these layers at different potentials were then estimated based on the impedance response between a lithium iron phosphate reference electrode and carbon-coated working electrodes. Importantly, it is only through the combination of electrochemistry and photoelectron spectroscopy that the full extent of the electrochemical performance at the limits of electrochemical stability can be reliably and accurately determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christofer Sångeland
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guiomar Hernández
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Hahlin
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mindemark
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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7
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Salian GD, Højberg J, Fink Elkjaer C, Tesfamhret Y, Hernández G, Lacey MJ, Younesi R. Investigation of Water-Soluble Binders for LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 -Based Full Cells. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200065. [PMID: 35701369 PMCID: PMC9197771 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Two water‐soluble binders of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and sodium alginate (SA) have been studied in comparison with N‐methylpyrrolidone‐soluble poly(vinylidene difluoride–co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF‐HFP) to understand their effect on the electrochemical performance of a high‐voltage lithium nickel manganese oxide (LNMO) cathode. The electrochemical performance has been investigated in full cells using a Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anode. At room temperature, LNMO cathodes prepared with aqueous binders provided a similar electrochemical performance as those prepared with PVdF‐HFP. However, at 55 °C, the full cells containing LNMO with the aqueous binders showed higher cycling stability. The results are supported by intermittent current interruption resistance measurements, wherein the electrodes with SA showed lower resistance. The surface layer formed on the electrodes after cycling has been characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The amount of transition metal dissolutions was comparable for all three cells. However, the amount of hydrogen fluoride (HF) content in the electrolyte cycled at 55 °C is lower in the cell with the SA binder. These results suggest that use of water‐soluble binders could provide a practical and more sustainable alternative to PVdF‐based binders for the fabrication of LNMO electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish D Salian
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Højberg
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Haldor Topsøes Allé 1, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Yonas Tesfamhret
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guiomar Hernández
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Aktekin B, Hernández G, Younesi R, Brandell D, Edström K. Concentrated LiFSI-Ethylene Carbonate Electrolytes and Their Compatibility with High-Capacity and High-Voltage Electrodes. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2022; 5:585-595. [PMID: 35098043 PMCID: PMC8790720 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The unusual physical and chemical properties of electrolytes with excessive salt contents have resulted in rising interest in highly concentrated electrolytes, especially for their application in batteries. Here, we report strikingly good electrochemical performance in terms of conductivity and stability for a binary electrolyte system, consisting of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salt and ethylene carbonate (EC) solvent. The electrolyte is explored for different cell configurations spanning both high-capacity and high-voltage electrodes, which are well known for incompatibilities with conventional electrolyte systems: Li metal, Si/graphite composites, LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC111), and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO). As compared to a LiTFSI counterpart as well as a common LP40 electrolyte, it is seen that the LiFSI:EC electrolyte system is superior in Li-metal-Si/graphite cells. Moreover, in the absence of Li metal, it is possible to use highly concentrated electrolytes (e.g., 1:2 salt:solvent molar ratio), and a considerable improvement on the electrochemical performance of NMC111-Si/graphite cells was achieved with the LiFSI:EC 1:2 electrolyte both at the room temperature and elevated temperature (55 °C). Surface characterization with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the presence of thicker surface film formation with the LiFSI-based electrolyte as compared to the reference electrolyte (LP40) for both positive and negative electrodes, indicating better passivation ability of such surface films during extended cycling. Despite displaying good stability with the NMC111 positive electrode, the LiFSI-based electrolyte showed less compatibility with the high-voltage spinel LNMO electrode (∼4.7 V vs Li+/Li).
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9
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Colbin LOS, Nwafornso TE, Li Y, Younesi R. On the compatibility of high mass loading bismuth anodes for full-cell sodium-ion batteries. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:16852-16860. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02686d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rate capability and cyclability of high mass loading metallic bismuth anodes are studied in full-cell sodium-ion batteries, using Prussian white cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Olow Simon Colbin
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tochukwu E. Nwafornso
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yunjie Li
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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Ma LA, Palm R, Nocerino E, Forslund OK, Matsubara N, Cottrell S, Yokoyama K, Koda A, Sugiyama J, Sassa Y, Månsson M, Younesi R. Na-ion mobility in P2-type Na 0.5Mg xNi 0.17-xMn 0.83O 2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.07) from electrochemical and muon spin relaxation studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24478-24486. [PMID: 34698733 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03115e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sodium transition metal oxides with a layered structure are one of the most widely studied cathode materials for Na+-ion batteries. Since the mobility of Na+ in such cathode materials is a key factor that governs the performance of material, electrochemical and muon spin rotation and relaxation techniques are here used to reveal the Na+-ion mobility in a P2-type Na0.5MgxNi0.17-xMn0.83O2 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.07) cathode material. Combining electrochemical techniques such as galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique with μ+SR, we have successfully extracted both self-diffusion and chemical-diffusion under a potential gradient, which are essential to understand the electrode material from an atomic-scale viewpoint. The results indicate that a small amount of Mg substitution has strong effects on the cycling performance and the Na+ mobility. Amongst the tested cathode systems, it was found that the composition with a Mg content of x = 0.02 resulted in the best cycling stability and highest Na+ mobility based on electrochemical and μ+SR results. The current study clearly shows that for developing a new generation of sustainable energy-storage devices, it is crucial to study and understand both the structure as well as dynamics of ions in the material on an atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Anh Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Rasmus Palm
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabetta Nocerino
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Kenji Forslund
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nami Matsubara
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen Cottrell
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Koji Yokoyama
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Akihiro Koda
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Jun Sugiyama
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.,Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Yasmine Sassa
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Månsson
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
With continual increments in energy density gradually boosting the performance of rechargeable alkali metal ion (e.g. Li+, Na+, K+) batteries, their safe operation is of growing importance and needs to be considered during their development. This is essential, given the high-profile incidents involving battery fires as portrayed by the media. Such hazardous events result from exothermic chemical reactions occurring between the flammable electrolyte and the electrode material under abusive operating conditions. Some classes of non-flammable organic liquid electrolytes have shown potential towards safer batteries with minimal detrimental effect on cycling and, in some cases, even enhanced performance. This article reviews the state-of-the-art in non-flammable liquid electrolytes for Li-, Na- and K-ion batteries. It provides the reader with an overview of carbonate, ether and phosphate-based organic electrolytes, co-solvated electrolytes and electrolytes with flame-retardant additives as well as highly concentrated and locally highly concentrated electrolytes, ionic liquids and inorganic electrolytes. Furthermore, the functionality and purpose of the components present in typical non-flammable mixtures are discussed. Moreover, many non-flammable liquid electrolytes are shown to offer improved cycling stability and rate capability compared to conventional flammable liquid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritambhara Gond
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Wessel van Ekeren
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ronnie Mogensen
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andrew J Naylor
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Tesfamhret
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University, Box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Haidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University, Box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Zhigang Chai
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University, Box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Erik Berg
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University, Box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University, Box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
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Ma LA, Naylor AJ, Nyholm L, Younesi R. Strategies for Mitigating Dissolution of Solid Electrolyte Interphases in Sodium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4855-4863. [PMID: 33169891 PMCID: PMC7986800 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial reactions in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are not well understood yet. The formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in SIBs is still challenging due to the higher solubility of the SEI components compared to lithium analogues. This study therefore aims to shed light on the dissolution of SEI influenced by the electrolyte chemistry. By conducting electrochemical tests with extended open circuit pauses, and using surface spectroscopy, we determine the extent of self-discharge due to SEI dissolution. Instead of using a conventional separator, β-alumina was used as sodium-conductive membrane to avoid crosstalk between the working and sodium-metal counter electrode. The relative capacity loss after a pause of 50 hours in the tested electrolyte systems ranges up to 30 %. The solubility of typical inorganic SEI species like NaF and Na2 CO3 was determined. The electrolytes were then saturated by those SEI species in order to oppose ageing due to the dissolution of the SEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Anh Ma
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University75121UppsalaSweden
| | - Andrew J. Naylor
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University75121UppsalaSweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University75121UppsalaSweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University75121UppsalaSweden
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Ma LA, Naylor AJ, Nyholm L, Younesi R. Strategies for Mitigating Dissolution of Solid Electrolyte Interphases in Sodium‐Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Anh Ma
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Andrew J. Naylor
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75121 Uppsala Sweden
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15
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Hakim C, Sabi N, Ma LA, Dahbi M, Brandell D, Edström K, Duda LC, Saadoune I, Younesi R. Understanding the redox process upon electrochemical cycling of the P2-Na 0.78Co 1/2Mn 1/3Ni 1/6O 2 electrode material for sodium-ion batteries. Commun Chem 2020; 3:9. [PMID: 36703401 PMCID: PMC9814369 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries have recently attracted renewed interest as an alternative to Li-ion batteries for electric energy storage applications, because of the low cost and wide availability of sodium resources. Thus, the electrochemical energy storage community has been devoting increased attention to designing new cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Here we investigate P2- Na0.78Co1/2Mn1/3Ni1/6O2 as a cathode material for sodium ion batteries. The main focus is to understand the mechanism of the electrochemical performance of this material, especially differences observed in redox reactions at high potentials. Between 4.2 V and 4.5 V, the material delivers a reversible capacity which is studied in detail using advanced analytical techniques. In situ X-ray diffraction reveals the reversibility of the P2-type structure of the material. Combined soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering demonstrates that Na deintercalation at high voltages is charge compensated by formation of localized electron holes on oxygen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charifa Hakim
- Materials Science and Nano-engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir, Morocco ,grid.411840.80000 0001 0664 9298LCME, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. A. El Khattabi, P.B.549, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Noha Sabi
- Materials Science and Nano-engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir, Morocco ,grid.411840.80000 0001 0664 9298LCME, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. A. El Khattabi, P.B.549, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Le Anh Ma
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mouad Dahbi
- Materials Science and Nano-engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Daniel Brandell
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Edström
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laurent C. Duda
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ismael Saadoune
- grid.411840.80000 0001 0664 9298LCME, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. A. El Khattabi, P.B.549, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Reza Younesi
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Naylor AJ, Carboni M, Valvo M, Younesi R. Interfacial Reaction Mechanisms on Graphite Anodes for K-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:45636-45645. [PMID: 31718143 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium-ion (K-ion) batteries (KIBs) potentially offer numerous advantages over conventional lithium-ion batteries as a result of the high natural abundance of potassium and its lower positive charge density compared with lithium. This introduces the possibility of using K-ion in fast charging applications, in which cost effectiveness is also a major factor. Unlike in sodium-ion batteries, graphite can be used as an anode in K-ion cells, for which an extensive supply chain, electrode manufacturing infrastructure, and knowledge already exist. However, the performance of graphite anodes in K-ion cells does not meet expectations, with rapid capacity fading and poor first cycle irreversible capacities often reported. Here, we investigate the formation and composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) as well as K+ insertion in graphite anodes in KIBs. Through the use of energy-tuned synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we make a detailed analysis at three probing depths up to ∼50 nm of graphite anodes cycled to various potentials on the first discharge-charge cycle. Extensive SEI formation from a KPF6/DEC/EC electrolyte system is found to occur at low potentials during the insertion of potassium ions into graphite. During the subsequent removal of potassium ions from the structure, the thick SEI is partially stripped from the electrode, demonstrating that the SEI layer is unstable and contributes to a significant proportion of the capacity upon both discharge and charge. With this in mind, further work is required to develop an electrolyte system with stable SEI layer formation on graphite in order to advance the KIB technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Naylor
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 538 , 751 21 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Marco Carboni
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 538 , 751 21 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Mario Valvo
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 538 , 751 21 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 538 , 751 21 Uppsala , Sweden
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17
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Björklund E, Göttlinger M, Edström K, Brandell D, Younesi R. Investigation of Dimethyl Carbonate and Propylene Carbonate Mixtures for LiNi
0.6
Mn
0.2
Co
0.2
O
2
‐Li
4
Ti
5
O
12
Cells. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Björklund
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University Box 538 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mara Göttlinger
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University Box 538 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Kristina Edström
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University Box 538 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University Box 538 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University Box 538 751 21 Uppsala Sweden
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18
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Carboni M, Manzi J, Armstrong AR, Billaud J, Brutti S, Younesi R. Analysis of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Hard Carbon Electrodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carboni
- Ångström Advanced Battery Centre, Department of Chemistry-Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University Uppsala SE-75121 Sweden
| | - Jessica Manzi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità di Roma La Sapienza P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | | | - Juliette Billaud
- EaStCHEM, School of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST St Andrew UK
| | - Sergio Brutti
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità di Roma La Sapienza P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Reza Younesi
- Ångström Advanced Battery Centre, Department of Chemistry-Ångström LaboratoryUppsala University Uppsala SE-75121 Sweden
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19
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Carboni M, Naylor AJ, Valvo M, Younesi R. Unlocking high capacities of graphite anodes for potassium-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21070-21074. [PMID: 35515520 PMCID: PMC9065985 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01931f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphite is considered a promising candidate as the anode for potassium-ion batteries (KIBs). Here, we demonstrate a significant improvement in performance through the ball-milling of graphite. Electrochemical techniques show reversible K-intercalation into graphitic layers, with 65% capacity retention after 100 cycles from initial capacities and extended cycling beyond 200 cycles. Such an affinity of the graphite towards storage of K-ions is explained by means of SEM and Raman analyses. Graphite ball-milling results in a gentle mechanical exfoliation of the graphene layers and simultaneous defect formation, leading to enhanced electrochemical performance. Ball-milling of graphite results in graphene layer exfoliation and defect formation, leading to enhanced performance as a K-ion battery anode.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carboni
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Andrew J. Naylor
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Mario Valvo
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
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20
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Scipioni R, Jørgensen PS, Stroe DI, Younesi R, Simonsen SB, Norby P, Hjelm J, Jensen SH. Complementary analyses of aging in a commercial LiFePO4/graphite 26650 cell. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Zeynizadeh B, Younesi R, Mousavi H. Ni2B@Cu2O and Ni2B@CuCl2: two new simple and efficient nanocatalysts for the green one-pot reductive acetylation of nitroarenes and direct N-acetylation of arylamines using solvent-free mechanochemical grinding. Res Chem Intermed 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Liu C, Carboni M, Brant WR, Pan R, Hedman J, Zhu J, Gustafsson T, Younesi R. On the Stability of NaO 2 in Na-O 2 Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:13534-13541. [PMID: 29616791 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Na-O2 batteries are regarded as promising candidates for energy storage. They have higher energy efficiency, rate capability, and chemical reversibility than Li-O2 batteries; in addition, sodium is cheaper and more abundant compared to lithium. However, inconsistent observations and instability of discharge products have inhibited the understanding of the working mechanism of this technology. In this work, we have investigated a number of factors that influence the stability of the discharge products. By means of in operando powder X-ray diffraction study, the influence of oxygen, sodium anode, salt, solvent, and carbon cathode were investigated. The Na metal anode and an ether-based solvent are the main factors that lead to the instability and decomposition of NaO2 in the cell environment. This fundamental insight brings new information on the working mechanism of Na-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjuan Liu
- Ångström Advanced Battery Centre (ÅABC), Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Marco Carboni
- Ångström Advanced Battery Centre (ÅABC), Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - William R Brant
- Ångström Advanced Battery Centre (ÅABC), Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Ruijun Pan
- Ångström Advanced Battery Centre (ÅABC), Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Jonas Hedman
- Ångström Advanced Battery Centre (ÅABC), Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Jiefang Zhu
- Ångström Advanced Battery Centre (ÅABC), Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Gustafsson
- Ångström Advanced Battery Centre (ÅABC), Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Ångström Advanced Battery Centre (ÅABC), Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala , Sweden
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23
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Abstract
Tin phosphide (Sn4P3) is here investigated as an anode material in half-cell, symmetrical, and full-cell sodium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Mogensen
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- SE-75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Julia Maibach
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- SE-75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Andrew J. Naylor
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- SE-75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- SE-75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
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24
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Mousavi H, Zeynizadeh B, Younesi R, Esmati M. Simple and Practical Synthesis of Various New Nickel Boride-Based Nanocomposites and their Applications for the Green and Expeditious Reduction of Nitroarenes to Arylamines under Wet-Solvent-Free Mechanochemical Grinding. Aust J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a simple synthesis of four new nickel boride-based nanocomposites, namely Ni2B@ZrCl4, Ni2B@Cu2O, Ni2B@CuCl2 and Ni2B@FeCl3, from commercially available and cheap starting materials. All of the new Ni2B-based nanocomposites were well characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Further, the catalytic applications of these new nanocomposites were successfully evaluated in the wet-solvent-free reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to arylamines with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) at room temperature by a mechanochemical grinding technique. All the introduced catalytic systems provide excellent yields of arylamines in very short reaction times for a wide range of substrates. Also, recoverability and reusability of the new nanocomposites were investigated.
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25
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Younesi R, Bardé F. Electrochemical performance and interfacial properties of Li-metal in lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide based electrolytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15925. [PMID: 29162891 PMCID: PMC5698312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful usage of lithium metal as the negative electrode or anode in rechargeable batteries can be an important step to increase the energy density of lithium batteries. Performance of lithium metal in a relatively promising electrolyte solution composed of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiN(SO2F)2; LiFSI) salt dissolved in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) is here studied. The influence of the concentration of the electrolyte salt −1 M or 4 M LiFSI- is investigated by varying important electrochemical parameters such as applied current density and plating capacity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis as a surface sensitive technique is here used to analyze that how the composition of the solid electrolyte interphase varies with the salt concentration and with the number of cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75121, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Fanny Bardé
- Toyota Motor Europe, Research & Development 3, Advanced Technology 1, Hoge Wei 33B, B-1930, Zaventem, Belgium
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26
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Etman AS, Inge AK, Jiaru X, Younesi R, Edström K, Sun J. A Water Based Synthesis of Ultrathin Hydrated Vanadium Pentoxide Nanosheets for Lithium Battery Application: Free Standing Electrodes or Conventionally Casted Electrodes? Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.08.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Liu C, Brant WR, Younesi R, Dong Y, Edström K, Gustafsson T, Zhu J. Corrigendum: Towards an Understanding of Li 2 O 2 Evolution in Li-O 2 Batteries: An In Operando Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Study. ChemSusChem 2017; 10:3276. [PMID: 28834424 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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28
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Nordh T, Jeschull F, Younesi R, Koçak T, Tengstedt C, Edström K, Brandell D. Different Shades of Li4
Ti5
O12
Composites: The Impact of the Binder on Interface Layer Formation. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Nordh
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Fabian Jeschull
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Tayfun Koçak
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Kristina Edström
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
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29
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Liu C, Brant WR, Younesi R, Dong Y, Edström K, Gustafsson T, Zhu J. Towards an Understanding of Li 2 O 2 Evolution in Li-O 2 Batteries: An In Operando Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Study. ChemSusChem 2017; 10:1592-1599. [PMID: 28247542 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in developing high-performance Li-O2 batteries is to understand the Li2 O2 formation and decomposition during battery cycling. In this study, this issue was investigated by synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction. The evolution of Li2 O2 morphology and structure was observed under actual electrochemical conditions of battery operation. By quantitatively tracking Li2 O2 during discharge and charge, a two-step process was suggested for both growth and oxidation of Li2 O2 owing to different mechanisms during two stages of both oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. From an observation of the anisotropic broadening of Li2 O2 in XRD patterns, it was inferred that disc-like Li2 O2 grains are formed rapidly in the first step of discharge. These grains can stack together so that they facilitate the nucleation and growth of toroidal Li2 O2 particles with a LiO2 -like surface, which could cause parasitic reactions and hinder the formation of Li2 O2 . During the charge process, Li2 O2 is firstly oxidized from the surface, followed by a delithiation process with a faster oxidation of the bulk by stripping the interlayer Li atoms to form an off-stoichiometric intermediate. This fundamental insight brings new information on the working mechanism of Li-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - William R Brant
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yanyan Dong
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Kristina Edström
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Gustafsson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jiefang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
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30
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Lindgren F, Xu C, Niedzicki L, Marcinek M, Gustafsson T, Björefors F, Edström K, Younesi R. SEI Formation and Interfacial Stability of a Si Electrode in a LiTDI-Salt Based Electrolyte with FEC and VC Additives for Li-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:15758-15766. [PMID: 27220376 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An electrolyte based on the new salt, lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazolide (LiTDI), is evaluated in combination with nano-Si composite electrodes for potential use in Li-ion batteries. The additives fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and vinylene carbonate (VC) are also added to the electrolyte to enable an efficient SEI formation. By employing hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES), the SEI formation and the development of the active material is probed during the first 100 cycles. With this electrolyte formulation, the Si electrode can cycle at 1200 mAh g(-1) for more than 100 cycles at a coulombic efficiency of 99%. With extended cycling, a decrease in Si particle size is observed as well as an increase in silicon oxide amount. As opposed to LiPF6 based electrolytes, this electrolyte or its decomposition products has no side reactions with the active Si material. The present results further acknowledge the positive effects of SEI forming additives. It is suggested that polycarbonates and a high LiF content are favorable components in the SEI over other kinds of carbonates formed by ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) decomposition. This work thus confirms that LiTDI in combination with the investigated additives is a promising salt for Si electrodes in future Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Lindgren
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leszek Niedzicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3, 00664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Marcinek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3, 00664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Torbjörn Gustafsson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Björefors
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Edström
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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31
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Asfaw HD, Younesi R, Valvo M, Maibach J, Ångström J, Tai CW, Bacsik Z, Sahlberg M, Nyholm L, Edström PK. Boosting the thermal stability of emulsion-templated polymers via sulfonation: an efficient synthetic route to hierarchically porous carbon foams. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Habtom D. Asfaw
- Department of Chemistry; Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Lagerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry; Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Lagerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mario Valvo
- Department of Chemistry; Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Lagerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Julia Maibach
- Department of Chemistry; Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Lagerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jonas Ångström
- Department of Chemistry; Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Lagerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Cheuk-Wai Tai
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry; Arrhenius Laboratory; Stockholm University; S-10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Zoltan Bacsik
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry; Arrhenius Laboratory; Stockholm University; S-10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Martin Sahlberg
- Department of Chemistry; Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Lagerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department of Chemistry; Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Lagerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Prof Kristina Edström
- Department of Chemistry; Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Lagerhyddsvägen 1, Box 538 75121 Uppsala Sweden
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Younesi R, Christiansen A, Loftager S, García-Lastra JM, Vegge T, Norby P, Holtappels P. Charge Localization in the Lithium Iron Phosphate Li3Fe2(PO4)3 at High Voltages in Lithium-Ion Batteries. ChemSusChem 2015; 8:3213-3216. [PMID: 26448525 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Possible changes in the oxidation state of the oxygen ion in the lithium iron phosphate Li3Fe2(PO4)3 at high voltages in lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are studied using experimental and computational analysis. Results obtained from synchrotron-based hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) show that the oxidation state of O(2-) ions is altered to higher oxidation states (O(δ-), δ<2) upon charging Li3Fe2(PO4)3 to 4.7 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Younesi
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Ane Christiansen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Simon Loftager
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Juan Maria García-Lastra
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Tejs Vegge
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Poul Norby
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter Holtappels
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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Asfaw HD, Roberts MR, Tai CW, Younesi R, Valvo M, Nyholm L, Edström K. Nanosized LiFePO4-decorated emulsion-templated carbon foam for 3D micro batteries: a study of structure and electrochemical performance. Nanoscale 2014; 6:8804-8813. [PMID: 24954747 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01682c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report a novel 3D composite cathode fabricated from LiFePO4 nanoparticles deposited conformally on emulsion-templated carbon foam by a sol-gel method. The carbon foam is synthesized via a facile and scalable method which involves the carbonization of a high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) polymer template. Various techniques (XRD, SEM, TEM and electrochemical methods) are used to fully characterize the porous electrode and confirm the distribution and morphology of the cathode active material. The major benefits of the carbon foam used in our work are closely connected with its high surface area and the plenty of space suitable for sequential coating with battery components. After coating with a cathode material (LiFePO4 nanoparticles), the 3D electrode presents a hierarchically structured electrode in which a porous layer of the cathode material is deposited on the rigid and bicontinuous carbon foam. The composite electrodes exhibit impressive cyclability and rate performance at different current densities affirming their importance as viable power sources in miniature devices. Footprint area capacities of 1.72 mA h cm(-2) at 0.1 mA cm(-2) (lowest rate) and 1.1 mA h cm(-2) at 6 mA cm(-2) (highest rate) are obtained when the cells are cycled in the range 2.8 to 4.0 V vs. lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtom D Asfaw
- Ångström Advanced Battery Centre (ÅABC), Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-75121, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Mekonnen YS, Knudsen KB, Mýrdal JSG, Younesi R, Højberg J, Hjelm J, Norby P, Vegge T. Communication: The influence of CO2 poisoning on overvoltages and discharge capacity in non-aqueous Li-Air batteries. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:121101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4869212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sveinbjörnsson D, Blanchard D, Myrdal JSG, Younesi R, Viskinde R, Riktor MD, Norby P, Vegge T. Ionic conductivity and the formation of cubic CaH2 in the LiBH4–Ca(BH4)2 composite. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Younesi R, Hahlin M, Edström K. Surface characterization of the carbon cathode and the lithium anode of Li-O₂ batteries using LiClO₄ or LiBOB salts. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:1333-1341. [PMID: 23336349 DOI: 10.1021/am3026129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The surface compositions of a MnO₂ catalyst containing carbon cathode and a Li anode in a Li-O₂ battery were investigated using synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). Electrolytes comprising LiClO₄ or LiBOB salts in PC or EC:DEC (1:1) solvents were used for this study. Decomposition products from LiClO₄ or LiBOB were observed on the cathode surface when using PC. However, no degradation of LiClO₄ was detected when using EC/DEC. We have demonstrated that both PC and EC/DEC solvents decompose during the cell cycling to form carbonate and ether containing compounds on the surface of the carbon cathode. However, EC/DEC decomposed to a lesser degree compared to PC. PES revealed that a surface layer with a thickness of at least 1-2 nm remained on the MnO₂ catalyst at the end of the charged state. It was shown that the detachment of Kynar binder influences the surface composition of both the carbon cathode and the Li anode of Li-O₂ cells. The PES results indicated that in the charged state the SEI on the Li anode is composed of PEO, carboxylates, carbonates, and LiClO₄ salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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