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O'Connor MM, Aubry TJ, Reid OG, Rumbles G. Charge Concentration Limits the Hydrogen Evolution Rate in Organic Nanoparticle Photocatalysts. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2210481. [PMID: 36972554 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved microwave conductivity is used to compare aqueous-soluble organic nanoparticle photocatalysts and bulk thin films composed of the same mixture of semiconducting polymer and non-fullerene acceptor molecule and the relationship between composition, interfacial surface area, charge-carrier dynamics, and photocatalytic activity is examined. The rate of hydrogen evolution reaction by nanoparticles composed of various donor:acceptor blend ratio compositions is quantitatively measured, and it is found that the most active blend ratio displays a hydrogen quantum yield of 0.83% per photon. Moreover, it is found that nanoparticle photocatalytic activity corresponds directly to charge generation, and that nanoparticles have 3× more long-lived accumulated charges relative to bulk samples of the same material composition. These results suggest that, under the current reaction conditions, with ≈3× solar flux, catalytic activity by the nanoparticles is limited by the concentration of electrons and holes in operando and not a finite number of active surface sites or the catalytic rate at the interface. This provides a clear design goal for the next generation of efficient photocatalytic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M O'Connor
- Materials, Chemical, and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Taylor J Aubry
- Materials, Chemical, and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Obadiah G Reid
- Materials, Chemical, and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Garry Rumbles
- Materials, Chemical, and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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2
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Dolan A, Pan X, Griffith MJ, Sharma A, de la Perrelle JM, Baran D, Metha GF, Huang DM, Kee TW, Andersson MR. Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photovoltaic Performance Arising from Unconventionally Low Donor-Y6 Ratios. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2309672. [PMID: 38206096 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Development of both organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic photocatalysts has focused on utilizing the bulk heterojunction (BHJ). The BHJ promotes charge separation and enhances the carrier lifetime, but may give rise to increased charge traps, hindering performance. Here, high photocatalytic and photovoltaic performance is displayed by electron donor-acceptor (D-A) nanoparticles (NPs) and films, using the nonfullerene acceptor Y6 and polymer donor PIDT-T8BT. In contrast to conventional D-A systems, the charge generation in PIDT-T8BT:Y6 NPs is mainly driven by Y6, allowing a high performance even at a low D:A mass ratio of 1:50. The high performance at the low mass ratio is attributed to the amorphous behavior of PIDT-T8BT. Low ratios are generally thought to yield lower efficiency than the more conventional ≈1:1 ratio. However, the OPVs exhibit peak performance at a D:A ratio of 1:5. Similarly the NPs used for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution show peak performance at the 1:6.7 D:A ratio. Interestingly, for the PIDT-T8BT:Y6 system, as the polymer proportion increases, a reduced photocatalytic and photovoltaic performance is observed. The unconventional D:A ratios provide lower recombination losses and increased charge-carrier lifetime with undisrupted ambipolar charge transport in bulk Y6, enabling better performance than conventional ratios. This work reports novel light-harvesting materials in which performance is reduced due to unfavorable morphology as D:A ratios move toward conventional ratios of 1:1.2-1:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dolan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Xun Pan
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Australia
| | - Matthew J Griffith
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, 5095, Australia
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Anirudh Sharma
- Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Derya Baran
- Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gregory F Metha
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - David M Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Tak W Kee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Mats R Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Australia
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3
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Wang Z, Chen A, Tao K, Han Y, Li J. MatGPT: A Vane of Materials Informatics from Past, Present, to Future. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2306733. [PMID: 37813548 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Combining materials science, artificial intelligence (AI), physical chemistry, and other disciplines, materials informatics is continuously accelerating the vigorous development of new materials. The emergence of "GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) AI" shows that the scientific research field has entered the era of intelligent civilization with "data" as the basic factor and "algorithm + computing power" as the core productivity. The continuous innovation of AI will impact the cognitive laws and scientific methods, and reconstruct the knowledge and wisdom system. This leads to think more about materials informatics. Here, a comprehensive discussion of AI models and materials infrastructures is provided, and the advances in the discovery and design of new materials are reviewed. With the rise of new research paradigms triggered by "AI for Science", the vane of materials informatics: "MatGPT", is proposed and the technical path planning from the aspects of data, descriptors, generative models, pretraining models, directed design models, collaborative training, experimental robots, as well as the efforts and preparations needed to develop a new generation of materials informatics, is carried out. Finally, the challenges and constraints faced by materials informatics are discussed, in order to achieve a more digital, intelligent, and automated construction of materials informatics with the joint efforts of more interdisciplinary scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - An Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kehao Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yanqiang Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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4
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Tullii G, Gutierrez-Fernandez E, Ronchi C, Bellacanzone C, Bondi L, Criado-Gonzalez M, Lagonegro P, Moccia F, Cramer T, Mecerreyes D, Martín J, Antognazza MR. Bimodal modulation of in vitro angiogenesis with photoactive polymer nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2023; 15:18716-18726. [PMID: 37953671 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02743k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a fundamental process in biology, given the pivotal role played by blood vessels in providing oxygen and nutrients to tissues, thus ensuring cell survival. Moreover, it is critical in many life-threatening pathologies, like cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, conventional treatments of pathological angiogenesis suffer from several limitations, including low bioavailability, limited spatial and temporal resolution, lack of specificity and possible side effects. Recently, innovative strategies have been explored to overcome these drawbacks based on the use of exogenous nano-sized materials and the treatment of the endothelial tissue with optical or electrical stimuli. Here, conjugated polymer-based nanoparticles are proposed as exogenous photo-actuators, thus combining the advantages offered by nanotechnology with those typical of optical stimulation. Light excitation can achieve high spatial and temporal resolution, while permitting minimal invasiveness. Interestingly, the possibility to either enhance (≈+30%) or reduce (up to -65%) the angiogenic capability of model endothelial cells is demonstrated, by employing different polymer beads, depending on the material type and the presence/absence of the light stimulus. In vitro results reported here represent a valuable proof of principle of the reliability and efficacy of the proposed approach and should be considered as a promising step towards a paradigm shift in therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Tullii
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy.
| | - Edgar Gutierrez-Fernandez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Carlotta Ronchi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy.
| | - Christian Bellacanzone
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Bondi
- DiFA University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat 6/2 Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Miryam Criado-Gonzalez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Paola Lagonegro
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Tobias Cramer
- DiFA University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat 6/2 Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jaime Martín
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Universidade da Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI, Campus Esteiro S/N, 15403 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy.
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5
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Colom E, Hernández-Ferrer J, Galán-González A, Ansón-Casaos A, Navarro-Rodríguez M, Palacios-Lidón E, Colchero J, Padilla J, Urbina A, Arenal R, Benito AM, Maser WK. Graphene Oxide: Key to Efficient Charge Extraction and Suppression of Polaronic Transport in Hybrids with Poly (3-hexylthiophene) Nanoparticles. Chem Mater 2023; 35:3522-3531. [PMID: 37181669 PMCID: PMC10173772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) of conjugated polymers in intimate contact with sheets of graphene oxide (GO) constitute a promising class of water-dispersible nanohybrid materials of increased interest for the design of sustainable and improved optoelectronic thin-film devices, revealing properties exclusively pre-established upon their liquid-phase synthesis. In this context, we report for the first time the preparation of a P3HTNPs-GO nanohybrid employing a miniemulsion synthesis approach, whereby GO sheets dispersed in the aqueous phase serve as a surfactant. We show that this process uniquely favors a quinoid-like conformation of the P3HT chains of the resulting NPs well located onto individual GO sheets. The accompanied change in the electronic behavior of these P3HTNPs, consistently confirmed by the photoluminescence and Raman response of the hybrid in the liquid and solid states, respectively, as well as by the properties of the surface potential of isolated individual P3HTNPs-GO nano-objects, facilitates unprecedented charge transfer interactions between the two constituents. While the electrochemical performance of nanohybrid films is featured by fast charge transfer processes, compared to those taking place in pure P3HTNPs films, the loss of electrochromic effects in P3HTNPs-GO films additionally indicates the unusual suppression of polaronic charge transport processes typically encountered in P3HT. Thus, the established interface interactions in the P3HTNPs-GO hybrid enable a direct and highly efficient charge extraction channel via GO sheets. These findings are of relevance for the sustainable design of novel high-performance optoelectronic device structures based on water-dispersible conjugated polymer nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Colom
- Instituto
de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), E-50011 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Galán-González
- Instituto
de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), E-50011 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro
de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas, Universidade da Coruña (CICA), E-15008 San Vicenzo de Elviña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | - Elisa Palacios-Lidón
- Departamento
de Física, Edificio CIOyN, Universidad
de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jaime Colchero
- Departamento
de Física, Edificio CIOyN, Universidad
de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Padilla
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada y Tec. Naval, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Antonio Urbina
- Departamento
de Ciencias e Instituto de Materiales Avanzados y Matemáticas
(INAMAT), Universidad Pública
de Navarra (UPNA), E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Laboratorio
de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA)Universidad
de Zaragoza, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raul Arenal
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA-CSIC-Univ. Zaragoza), E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- ARAID
Foundation, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M. Benito
- Instituto
de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), E-50011 Zaragoza, Spain
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6
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Du Y, Wang Y, Shamraienko V, Pöschel K, Synytska A. Donor:Acceptor Janus Nanoparticle-Based Films as Photoactive Layers: Control of Assembly and Impact on Performance of Devices. Small 2023:e2206907. [PMID: 37010023 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Water-processable organic semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) are considered promising materials for the next-generation of optoelectronic applications due to their controlled size, internal structure, and environmentally friendly processing. Reasonably, the controllable assembly of donor:acceptor (D:A) NPs on large areas, quality, and packing density of deposited films, as well as layer morphology, will influence the effectiveness of charge transfer at an interface and the final performance of designed optoelectronic devices.This work represents an easy and effective approach for designing self-assembled monolayers of D:A NPs. In this self-assembly procedure, the NP arrays are prepared on a large scale (2 × 2 cm2 ) at the air/water interface with controlled packing density and morphology. Due to the unique structure of individual D:A Janus particles and their assembled arrays, the Janus nanoparticle (JNP)-based device exhibits an 80% improvement of electron mobility and more balanced charge extraction compared to the conventional core-shell NP-based device. An outstanding performance of polymer solar cells with over 5% efficiency is achieved after post-annealing treatment of assembled arrays, representing one of the best results for NP-based organic photovoltaics. Ultimately, this work provides a new protocol for processing water-processable organic semiconductor colloids and future optoelectronic fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Du
- Institut Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Fakultat Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Bayerisches Polymerinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Yuemeng Wang
- Institut Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Shamraienko
- Fakultat Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathrin Pöschel
- Institut Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alla Synytska
- Institut Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Fakultat Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Bayerisches Polymerinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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7
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Persson I, Laval H, Chambon S, Bonfante G, Hirakawa K, Wantz G, Watts B, Marcus MA, Xu X, Ying L, Lakhwani G, Andersson MR, Cairney JM, Holmes NP. Sub-4 nm mapping of donor-acceptor organic semiconductor nanoparticle composition. Nanoscale 2023; 15:6126-6142. [PMID: 36939532 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00839h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, sub-4 nm mapping of donor : acceptor nanoparticle composition in eco-friendly colloidal dispersions for organic electronics. Low energy scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping has revealed the internal morphology of organic semiconductor donor : acceptor blend nanoparticles at the sub-4 nm level. A unique element was available for utilisation as a fingerprint element to differentiate donor from acceptor material in each blend system. Si was used to map the location of donor polymer PTzBI-Si in PTzBI-Si:N2200 nanoparticles, and S (in addition to N) was used to map donor polymer TQ1 in TQ1:PC71BM nanoparticles. For select material blends, synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), was demonstrated to remain as the superior chemical contrast technique for mapping organic donor : acceptor morphology, including for material combinations lacking a unique fingerprint element (e.g. PTQ10:Y6), or systems where the unique element is in a terminal functional group (unsaturated, dangling bonds) and can hence be easily damaged under the electron beam, e.g. F on PTQ10 donor polymer in the PTQ10:IDIC donor : acceptor blend. We provide both qualitative and quantitative compositional mapping of organic semiconductor nanoparticles with STEM EDX, with sub-domains resolved in nanoparticles as small as 30 nm in diameter. The sub-4 nm mapping technology reported here shows great promise for the optimisation of organic semiconductor blends for applications in organic electronics (solar cells and bioelectronics) and photocatalysis, and has further applications in organic core-shell nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingemar Persson
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Thin Film Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hugo Laval
- University of Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Sylvain Chambon
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS (IRL2820), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Gwenael Bonfante
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS (IRL2820), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hirakawa
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS (IRL2820), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Guillaume Wantz
- University of Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, F-33405 Talence, France
| | | | - Matthew A Marcus
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Lei Ying
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Girish Lakhwani
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mats R Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Julie M Cairney
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Natalie P Holmes
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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8
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Chen T, Peng Y, Qiu M, Yi C, Xu Z. Recent advances in mixing-induced nanoprecipitation: from creating complex nanostructures to emerging applications beyond biomedicine. Nanoscale 2023; 15:3594-3609. [PMID: 36727557 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00280b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mixing-induced nanoprecipitation (MINP) is an efficient, controllable, scalable, versatile, and cost-effective technique for the preparation of nanoparticles. In addition to the formulation of drugs, MINP has attracted tremendous interest in other fields. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the preparation of nanoparticles with complex nanostructures via MINP and their emerging applications beyond biomedicine. First, the mechanisms of nanoprecipitation and four mixing approaches for MINP are briefly discussed. Next, three strategies for the preparation of nanoparticles with complex nanostructures including sequential nanoprecipitation, controlling phase separation, and incorporating inorganic nanoparticles, are summarized. Then, emerging applications including the engineering of catalytic nanomaterials, environmentally friendly photovoltaic inks, colloidal surfactants for the preparation of Pickering emulsions, and green templates for the synthesis of nanomaterials, are reviewed. Furthermore, we discuss the structure-function relationships to gain more insight into design principles for the development of functional nanoparticles via MINP. Finally, the remaining issues and future applications are discussed. This review will stimulate the development of nanoparticles with complex nanostructures and their broader applications beyond biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyou Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yan Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Meishuang Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Changfeng Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Zushun Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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9
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Liu A, Wang S, Song H, Liu Y, Gedda L, Edwards K, Hammarström L, Tian H. Excited-state and charge-carrier dynamics in binary conjugated polymer dots towards efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2935-2945. [PMID: 36606387 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04204e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous dispersed conjugated polymer dots (Pdots) have shown promising application in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. To efficiently extract photogenerated charges from type-II heterojunction Pdots for hydrogen evolution, the mechanistic study of photophysical processes is essential for Pdot optimization. Within this work, we use a PFODTBT donor (D) polymer and an ITIC small molecule acceptor (A) as a donor/acceptor (D/A) model system to study their excited states and charge/energy transfer dynamics via steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, respectively. Charge-carrier generation and the recombination dynamics of binary Pdots with different D/A ratios were followed using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. A significant spectral relaxation of photoluminescence was observed for individual D Pdots, implying an energetic disorder by nature. However, this was not seen for charge carriers in binary Pdots, probably due to the ultrafast charge generation process at an early time (<200 fs). The results showed slower charge recombination upon increasing the ratio of ITIC in binary Pdots, which further resulted in an enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, twice that as compared to individual D Pdots. Although binary Pdots prepared via the nanoprecipitation method exhibit a large interfacial area that allows high charge generation efficiencies, it also provides a high possibility for charge recombination and limits the further utilization of free charges. Therefore, for the future design of type-II heterojunction Pdots, suppressing the charge carrier recombination via increasing the crystallinity and proper phase segregation is necessary for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijie Liu
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Lab., Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Sicong Wang
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Lab., Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Hongwei Song
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Lab., Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Lab., Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Lars Gedda
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Lab., Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Katarina Edwards
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Lab., Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Lab., Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Haining Tian
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Lab., Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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10
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Gutiérrez-Fernández E, Sena-Fernández J, Rebollar E, Ezquerra TA, Hermoso-Pinilla FJ, Sanz M, Gálvez O, Nogales A. Development of polar phases in ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanoparticles. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Ponzio RA, Ibarra LE, Achilli EE, Odella E, Chesta CA, Martínez SR, Palacios RE. Sweet light o' mine: Photothermal and photodynamic inactivation of tenacious pathogens using conjugated polymers. J Photochem Photobiol B 2022; 234:112510. [PMID: 36049287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Each year a rising number of infections can not be successfully treated owing to the increasing pandemic of antibiotic resistant pathogens. The global shortage of innovative antibiotics fuels the emergence and spread of drug resistant microbes. Basic research, development, and applications of alternative therapies are urgently needed. Since the 90´s, light-mediated therapies have promised to be the next frontier combating multidrug-resistance microbes. These platforms have demonstrated to be a reliable, rapid, and efficient alternative to eliminate tenacious pathogens while avoiding the emergence of resistance mechanisms. Among the materials showing antimicrobial activity triggered by light, conjugated polymers (CPs) have risen as the most promising option to tackle this complex situation. These materials present outstanding characteristics such as high absorption coefficients, great photostability, easy processability, low cytotoxicity, among others, turning them into a powerful class of photosensitizer (PS)/photothermal agent (PTA) materials. Herein, we summarize and discuss the advances in the field of CPs with applications in photodynamic inactivation and photothermal therapy towards bacteria elimination. Additionally, a section of current challenges and needs in terms of well-defined benchmark experiments and conditions to evaluate the efficiency of phototherapies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Ponzio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luis E Ibarra
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), UNRC y CONICET, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Estefanía E Achilli
- Laboratorio de Materiales Biotecnológicos (LaMaBio), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-IMBICE (CONICET), Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Emmanuel Odella
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Chesta
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Sol R Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Rodrigo E Palacios
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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12
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Konidena RK, Justin Thomas KR, Park JW. Recent Advances in the Design of Multi‐Substituted Carbazoles for Optoelectronics: Synthesis and Structure‐Property Outlook. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - K R Justin Thomas
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Department of Chemistry Haridwar Road 247667 Roorkee INDIA
| | - Jong Wook Park
- Kyunghee University College of Engineering Chemical Engineering INDIA
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Johnston AR, Minckler ED, Shockley MCJ, Matsushima LN, Perry SL, Ayzner AL. Conjugated Polyelectrolyte‐Based Complex Fluids as Aqueous Exciton Transport Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117759. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Eris D. Minckler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Mia C. J. Shockley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Levi N. Matsushima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Sarah L. Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst, MA USA
| | - Alexander L. Ayzner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA USA
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Diterlizzi M, Ferretti AM, Scavia G, Sorrentino R, Luzzati S, Boccia AC, Scamporrino AA, Po’ R, Quadrivi E, Zappia S, Destri S. Amphiphilic PTB7-Based Rod-Coil Block Copolymer for Water-Processable Nanoparticles as an Active Layer for Sustainable Organic Photovoltaic: A Case Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1588. [PMID: 35458337 PMCID: PMC9029162 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthetized a new rod-coil block copolymer (BCP) based on the semiconducting polymerpoly({4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl}{3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl}) (PTB7) and poly-4-vinylpyridine (P4VP), tailored to produce water-processable nanoparticles (WPNPs) in blend with phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). The copolymer PTB7-b-P4VP was completely characterized by means of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to confirm the molecular structure. The WPNPs were prepared through an adapted miniemulsion approach without any surfactants. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal the nano-segregation of two active materials inside the WPNPs. The nanostructures appear spherical with a Janus-like inner morphology. PTB7 segregated to one side of the nanoparticle, while PC71BM segregated to the other side. This morphology was consistent with the value of the surface energy obtained for the two active materials PTB7-b-P4VP and PC71BM. The WPNPs obtained were deposited as an active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs). The films obtained were characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-vis), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). J-V characteristics of the WPNP-based devices were measured by obtaining a power conversion efficiency of 0.85%. Noticeably, the efficiency of the WPNP-based devices was higher than that achieved for the devices fabricated with the PTB7-based BCP dissolved in chlorinated organic solvent.
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Johnston AR, Minckler ED, Shockley MCJ, Matsushima LN, Perry SL, Ayzner AL. Conjugated Polyelectrolyte‐Based Complex Fluids as Aqueous Exciton Transport Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Eris D. Minckler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Mia C. J. Shockley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Levi N. Matsushima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Sarah L. Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst, MA USA
| | - Alexander L. Ayzner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA USA
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Ferretti AM, Diterlizzi M, Porzio W, Giovanella U, Ganzer L, Virgili T, Vohra V, Arias E, Moggio I, Scavia G, Destri S, Zappia S. Rod-Coil Block Copolymer: Fullerene Blend Water-Processable Nanoparticles: How Molecular Structure Addresses Morphology and Efficiency in NP-OPVs. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 12:nano12010084. [PMID: 35010034 PMCID: PMC8746663 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of water-processable nanoparticles (WPNPs) is an emerging strategy for the processing of organic semiconducting materials into aqueous medium, dramatically reducing the use of chlorinated solvents and enabling the control of the nanomorphology in OPV active layers. We studied amphiphilic rod-coil block copolymers (BCPs) with a different chemical structure and length of the hydrophilic coil blocks. Using the BCPs blended with a fullerene acceptor material, we fabricated NP-OPV devices with a sustainable approach. The goal of this work is to clarify how the morphology of the nanodomains of the two active materials is addressed by the hydrophilic coil molecular structures, and in turn how the design of the materials affects the device performances. Exploiting a peculiar application of TEM, EFTEM microscopy on WPNPs, with the contribution of AFM and spectroscopic techniques, we correlate the coil structure with the device performances, demonstrating the pivotal influence of the chemical design over material properties. BCP5, bearing a coil block of five repeating units of 4-vinilpyridine (4VP), leads to working devices with efficiency comparable to the solution-processed ones for the multiple PCBM-rich cores morphology displayed by the blend WPNPs. Otherwise, BCP2 and BCP15, with 2 and 15 repeating units of 4VP, respectively, show a single large PCBM-rich core; the insertion of styrene units into the coil block of BCP100 is detrimental for the device efficiency, even if it produces an intermixed structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Ferretti
- Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sezione Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.F.); (S.Z.)
| | - Marianna Diterlizzi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - William Porzio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Umberto Giovanella
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)—CNR, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20132 Milano, Italy; (L.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Tersilla Virgili
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)—CNR, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20132 Milano, Italy; (L.G.); (T.V.)
| | - Varun Vohra
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-858, Japan;
| | - Eduardo Arias
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (E.A.); (I.M.)
| | - Ivana Moggio
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (E.A.); (I.M.)
| | - Guido Scavia
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Silvia Destri
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Stefania Zappia
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Sede Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.D.); (W.P.); (U.G.); (G.S.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.F.); (S.Z.)
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Holmes NP, Chambon S, Holmes A, Xu X, Hirakawa K, Deniau E, Lartigau-Dagron C, Bousquet A. Organic semiconductor colloids: From the knowledge acquired in photovoltaics to the generation of solar hydrogen fuel. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Gutiérrez-Fernández E, Cui J, Martínez-Tong DE, Nogales A. Preparation, Physical Properties, and Applications of Water-Based Functional Polymer Inks. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1419. [PMID: 33925696 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, water-based functional polymer inks are prepared using different solvent displacement methods, in particular, polymer functional inks based on semiconducting polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) and the ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its copolymers with trifluoroethylene. The nanoparticles that are included in the inks are prepared by miniemulsion, as well as flash and dialysis nanoprecipitation techniques and we discuss the properties of the inks obtained by each technique. Finally, an example of the functionality of a semiconducting/ferroelectric polymer coating prepared from water-based inks is presented.
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