1
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Wang Y, Kilic O, Rozumalski L, Distefano MD, Wagner CR. Targeted Drug Delivery by MMAE Farnesyl-Bioconjugated Multivalent Chemically Self-Assembled Nanorings Induces Potent Receptor-Dependent Immunogenic Cell Death. Bioconjug Chem 2024. [PMID: 38701361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates, nanoparticles, and liposomes have been used for anticancer drug delivery. The success of targeted killing of cancer cells relies heavily on the selectivity of the drug delivery systems. In most systems, antibodies or their fragments were used as targeting ligands. In this study, we have investigated the potential for protein-based octomeric chemically self-assembled nanorings (CSANs) to be used for anticancer drug delivery. The CSANs are composed of a DHFR-DHFR fusion protein incorporating an EGFR-targeting fibronectin and the anticancer drug MMAE conjugated through a C-terminal farnesyl azide. The anti-EGFR-MMAE CSANs were shown to undergo rapid internalization and have potent cytotoxicity to cancer cells across a 9000-fold difference in EGFR expression. In addition, anti-EGFR-MMAE CSANs were shown to induce immunological cell death. Thus, multivalent and modular CSANs are a potential alternative anticancer drug delivery platform with the capability of targeting tumor cells with heterogeneous antigen expression while activating the anticancer immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ozgun Kilic
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lakmal Rozumalski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carston R Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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2
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Li J, Wang Y, Distefano MD, Wagner CR, Pomerantz WCK. Multivalent Fluorinated Nanorings for On-Cell 19F NMR. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1330-1339. [PMID: 38254252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The design of imaging agents with a high fluorine content is necessary for overcoming the challenges of low sensitivity in 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based molecular imaging. Chemically self-assembled nanorings (CSANs) provide a strategy to increase the fluorine content through multivalent display. We previously reported an 19F NMR-based imaging tracer, in which case a CSAN-compatible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting protein E1-dimeric dihydrofolate (E1-DD) was bioconjugated to a highly fluorinated peptide. Despite good 19F NMR performance in aqueous solutions, a limited signal was observed in cell-based 19F NMR using this monomeric construct, motivating further design. Here, we design several new E1-DD proteins bioconjugated to peptides of different fluorine contents. Flow cytometry analysis was used to assess the effect of variable fluorinated peptide sequences on the cellular binding characteristics. Structure-optimized protein, RTC-3, displayed an optimal spectral performance with high affinity and specificity for EGFR-overexpressing cells. To further improve the fluorine content, we next engineered monomeric RTC-3 into CSAN, η-RTC-3. With an approximate eightfold increase in the fluorine content, multivalent η-RTC-3 maintained high cellular specificity and optimal 19F NMR spectral behavior. Importantly, the first cell-based 19F NMR spectra of η-RTC-3 were obtained bound to EGFR-expressing A431 cells, showing a significant amplification in the signal. This new design illustrated the potential of multivalent fluorinated CSANs for future 19F MRI molecular imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carston R Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William C K Pomerantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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3
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Singh AK, Malviya R, Prajapati B, Singh S, Yadav D, Kumar A. Nanotechnology-Aided Advancement in Combating the Cancer Metastasis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:899. [PMID: 37375846 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern medicine has been working to find a cure for cancer for almost a century, but thus far, they have not been very successful. Although cancer treatment has come a long way, more work has to be carried out to boost specificity and reduce systemic toxicity. The diagnostic industry is on the cusp of a technological revolution, and early diagnosis is essential for improving prognostic outlook and patient quality of life. In recent years, nanotechnology's use has expanded, demonstrating its efficacy in enhancing fields such as cancer treatment, radiation therapy, diagnostics, and imaging. Applications for nanomaterials are diverse, ranging from enhanced radiation adjuvants to more sensitive early detection instruments. Cancer, particularly when it has spread beyond the original site of cancer, is notoriously tough to combat. Many people die from metastatic cancer, which is why it remains a huge issue. Cancer cells go through a sequence of events known as the "metastatic cascade" throughout metastasis, which may be used to build anti-metastatic therapeutic techniques. Conventional treatments and diagnostics for metastasis have their drawbacks and hurdles that must be overcome. In this contribution, we explore in-depth the potential benefits that nanotechnology-aided methods might offer to the detection and treatment of metastatic illness, either alone or in conjunction with currently available conventional procedures. Anti-metastatic drugs, which can prevent or slow the spread of cancer throughout the body, can be more precisely targeted and developed with the help of nanotechnology. Furthermore, we talk about how nanotechnology is being applied to the treatment of patients with cancer metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Bhupendra Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva 384012, India
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Deepika Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Chandigarh Engineering College, Jhanjeri, Mohali 140307, India
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Petersburg J, Vallera DA, Wagner CR. Eradication of Heterogeneous Tumors by T Cells Targeted with Combination Bispecific Chemically Self-assembled Nanorings. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:371-380. [PMID: 36548194 PMCID: PMC9992298 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are often the root cause of refractive relapse due to their inherent resistance to most therapies and ability to rapidly self-propagate. Recently, the antigen CD133 has been identified as a CSC marker on several cancer types and αCD133 therapies have shown selective targeting against CSCs with minimal off-target toxicity. Theoretically, by selectively eliminating CSCs, the sensitivity to bulk tumor-targeting therapies should be enhanced. Previously, our laboratory has developed bispecific chemically self-assembled nanorings (CSANs) that successfully induced T-cell eradication of EpCAM-positive (EpCAM+) tumors. We reasoned that targeting both CSCs [CD133-positive (CD133+)] and the bulk tumor (EpCAM+) simultaneously using our CSAN platform should produce a synergistic effect. We evaluated αCD133/αCD3 CSANs as both a single agent and in combination with αEpCAM/αCD3 CSANs to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, which express a subpopulation of CD133+ cancer stem cells and EpCAM+ bulk tumor cells. Furthermore, an orthotopic breast cancer model validated the ability of αCD133 and αEpCAM targeting to combine synergistically in the elimination of TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells. Complete tumor eradication only occurred when EpCAM and CD133 were targeted simultaneously and lead to full remission in 80% of the test mice. Importantly, the depletion and enrichment of CD133 TNBCs highlighted the role of CD133+ cancer cells in regulating tumor growth and progression. Collectively, our results demonstrate that dual targeting with bispecific CSANs can be effective against heterogenous tumor cell populations and that elimination of primary and CD133+ CSCs may be necessary for eradication of at least a subset of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Petersburg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel A Vallera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Carston R Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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5
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Tang R, Fu Y, Gong B, Fan Y, Wang H, Huang Y, Nie Z, Wei P. A Chimeric Conjugate of Antibody and Programmable DNA Nanoassembly Smartly Activates T Cells for Precise Cancer Cell Targeting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205902. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Hao Fu
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Bo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Ying Fan
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Hong‐Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Ping Wei
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
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6
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Li L, Chen G. Precise Assembly of Proteins and Carbohydrates for Next-Generation Biomaterials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16232-16251. [PMID: 36044681 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complexity and diversity of biomacromolecules make them a unique class of building blocks for generating precise assemblies. They are particularly available to a new generation of biomaterials integrated with living systems due to their intrinsic properties such as accurate recognition, self-organization, and adaptability. Therefore, many excellent approaches have been developed, leading to a variety of quite practical outcomes. Here, we review recent advances in the fabrication and application of artificially precise assemblies by employing proteins and carbohydrates as building blocks, followed by our perspectives on some of new challenges, goals, and opportunities for the future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Multiscale Research Institute for Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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7
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Mews EA, Beckmann P, Patchava M, Wang Y, Largaespada DA, Wagner CR. Multivalent, Bispecific αB7-H3-αCD3 Chemically Self-Assembled Nanorings Direct Potent T Cell Responses against Medulloblastoma. ACS Nano 2022; 16:12185-12201. [PMID: 35876221 PMCID: PMC9885520 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Few therapeutic options have been made available for treating central nervous system tumors, especially upon recurrence. Recurrent medulloblastoma is uniformly lethal with no approved therapies. Recent preclinical studies have shown promising results for eradicating various solid tumors by targeting the overexpressed immune checkpoint molecule, B7-H3. However, due to several therapy-related toxicities and reports of tumor escape, the full potential of targeting this pan-cancer antigen has yet to be realized. Here, we designed and characterized bispecific chemically self-assembling nanorings (CSANs) that target the T cell receptor, CD3ε, and tumor associated antigen, B7-H3, derived from the humanized 8H9 single chain variable fragment. We show that the αB7-H3-αCD3 CSANs increase T cell infiltration and facilitate selective cytotoxicity of B7-H3+ medulloblastoma spheroids and that activity is independent of target cell MHC class I expression. Importantly, nonspecific T cell activation against the ONS 2303 medulloblastoma cell line can be reduced by tuning the valency of the αCD3 targeted monomer in the oligomerized CSAN. Intraperitoneal injections of αB7-H3-αCD3 bispecific CSANs were found to effectively cross the blood-tumor barrier into the brain and elicit significant antitumor T cell activity intracranially as well as systemically in an orthotopic medulloblastoma model. Moreover, following treatment with αB7-H3-αCD3 CSANs, intratumoral T cells were found to primarily have a central memory phenotype that displayed significant levels of characteristic activation markers. Collectively, these results demonstrate the ability of our multivalent, bispecific CSANs to direct potent antitumor T cell responses and indicate its potential utility as an alternative or complementary therapy for immune cell targeting of B7-H3+ brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie A. Mews
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6 St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 United States
| | - Pauline Beckmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Genome Engineering, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Malcolm Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 United States
| | - Mahathi Patchava
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Genome Engineering, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Malcolm Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 United States
| | - Yiao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6 St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 United States
| | - David A. Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Genome Engineering, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Malcolm Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 United States
| | - Carston R. Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6 St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 United States
- Corresponding Author: Carston R Wagner: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 United States;
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8
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Tang R, Fu YH, Gong B, Fan YY, Wang HH, Huang Y, Nie Z, Wei P. A Chimeric Conjugate of Antibody and Programmable DNA Nanoassembly Smartly Activates T cell for Precise Cancer Cell Targeting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- Hunan University State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology CHINA
| | - Yu-Hao Fu
- Peking University Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies CHINA
| | - Bo Gong
- Hunan University Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineerin CHINA
| | - Ying-Ying Fan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology CHINA
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- Hunan University State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, CHINA
| | - Yan Huang
- Hunan University State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, CHINA
| | - Zhou Nie
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yuelushan, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P.R.China 410082 Changsha CHINA
| | - Ping Wei
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology CHINA
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9
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Abstract
Cancer, especially when it has metastasized to different locations in the body, is notoriously difficult to treat. Metastatic cancer accounts for most cancer deaths and thus remains an enormous challenge. During the metastasis process, cancer cells negotiate a series of steps termed the “metastatic cascadeˮ that offer potential for developing anti-metastatic therapy strategies. Currently available conventional treatment and diagnostic methods addressing metastasis come with their own pitfalls and roadblocks. In this contribution, we comprehensively discuss the potential improvements that nanotechnology-aided approaches are able to bring, either alone or in combination with the existing conventional techniques, to the identification and treatment of metastatic disease. We tie specific nanotechnology-aided strategies to the complex biology of the different steps of the metastatic cascade in order to open up new avenues for fine-tuned targeting and development of anti-metastatic agents designed specifically to prevent or mitigate the metastatic outgrowth of cancer. We also present a viewpoint on the progress of translation of nanotechnology into cancer metastasis patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela Rani Avula
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Piotr Grodzinski
- Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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10
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Martinko AJ, Simonds EF, Prasad S, Ponce A, Bracken CJ, Wei J, Wang YH, Chow TL, Huang Z, Evans MJ, Wells JA, Hill ZB. Switchable assembly and function of antibody complexes in vivo using a small molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117402119. [PMID: 35210365 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117402119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The antigen specificity and long serum half-life of monoclonal antibodies have made them a critical part of modern therapeutics. These properties have been coopted in a number of synthetic formats, such as antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, or Fc-fusion proteins to generate novel biologic drug modalities. Historically, these new therapies have been generated by covalently linking multiple molecular moieties through chemical or genetic methods. This irreversible fusion of different components means that the function of the molecule is static, as determined by the structure. Here, we report the development of a technology for switchable assembly of functional antibody complexes using chemically induced dimerization domains. This approach enables control of the antibody's intended function in vivo by modulating the dose of a small molecule. We demonstrate this switchable assembly across three therapeutically relevant functionalities in vivo, including localization of a radionuclide-conjugated antibody to an antigen-positive tumor, extension of a cytokine's half-life, and activation of bispecific, T cell-engaging antibodies.
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11
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Davis B, Shi P, Gaddes E, Lai J, Wang Y. Bidirectional Supramolecular Display and Signal Amplification on the Surface of Living Cells. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1403-1412. [PMID: 35189058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability to display exogenous molecules or nanomaterials on the surface of cells holds great potential for biomedical applications such as cell imaging and delivery. Numerous methods have been well established to enhance the display of biomolecules and nanomaterials on the cell surface. However, it is challenging to remove these biomolecules or nanomaterials from the cell surface. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reversible display of supramolecular nanomaterials on the surface of living cells. The data show that DNA initiators could induce the self-assembly of DNA-alginate conjugates to form supramolecular nanomaterials and amplify the fluorescence signals on the cell surface. Complementary DNA (cDNA), DNase, and alginase could all trigger the reversal of the signals from the cell surface. However, these three molecules exhibited different triggering efficiencies in the order cDNA > alginase > DNase. The combination of cDNA and alginase led to the synergistic reversal of nanomaterials and fluorescent signals from the cell surface. Thus, this study has successfully demonstrated a method for the bidirectional display of supramolecular nanomaterials on the surface of living cells. This method may find its application in numerous fields such as intact cell imaging and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Erin Gaddes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jinping Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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12
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Zhu J, Avakyan N, Kakkis AA, Hoffnagle AM, Han K, Li Y, Zhang Z, Choi TS, Na Y, Yu CJ, Tezcan FA. Protein Assembly by Design. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13701-13796. [PMID: 34405992 PMCID: PMC9148388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are nature's primary building blocks for the construction of sophisticated molecular machines and dynamic materials, ranging from protein complexes such as photosystem II and nitrogenase that drive biogeochemical cycles to cytoskeletal assemblies and muscle fibers for motion. Such natural systems have inspired extensive efforts in the rational design of artificial protein assemblies in the last two decades. As molecular building blocks, proteins are highly complex, in terms of both their three-dimensional structures and chemical compositions. To enable control over the self-assembly of such complex molecules, scientists have devised many creative strategies by combining tools and principles of experimental and computational biophysics, supramolecular chemistry, inorganic chemistry, materials science, and polymer chemistry, among others. Owing to these innovative strategies, what started as a purely structure-building exercise two decades ago has, in short order, led to artificial protein assemblies with unprecedented structures and functions and protein-based materials with unusual properties. Our goal in this review is to give an overview of this exciting and highly interdisciplinary area of research, first outlining the design strategies and tools that have been devised for controlling protein self-assembly, then describing the diverse structures of artificial protein assemblies, and finally highlighting the emergent properties and functions of these assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Albert A. Kakkis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Alexander M. Hoffnagle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Kenneth Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Yiying Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Zhiyin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Tae Su Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Youjeong Na
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Chung-Jui Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - F. Akif Tezcan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
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13
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Wei PS, Chen YJ, Lin SY, Chuang KH, Sheu MT, Ho HO. In situ subcutaneously injectable thermosensitive PEG-PLGA diblock and PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymer composite as sustained delivery of bispecific anti-CD3 scFv T-cell/anti-EGFR Fab Engager (BiTEE). Biomaterials 2021; 278:121166. [PMID: 34634663 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, PEGylated poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) thermosensitive composite hydrogels (DTgels) loaded with bispecific anti-cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) scFv T-cell/anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Fab engager (BiTEE) were subcutaneously (s.c.) injected for the in situ formation of a drug deposit to resolve limitations of the clinical application of the BiTEE of a short half-life and potential side effects. Three kinds of DTgels prepared with different ratios of methoxy poly (ethylene glycol) (mPEG)-PLGA (diblock copolymer, DP) and PLGA-PEG-PLGA (triblock copolymer, TP) were designated DTgel-1, DTgel-2, and DTgel-2S. All three DTgel formulations showed thermosensitive properties with a sol-gel transition temperature at 28-34 °C, which is suitable for an injection. An in vitro release study showed that all DTgel formulations loaded with stabilized BiTEE extended the release of the BiTEE for up to 7 days. In an animal pharmacokinetics study, an s.c. injection of BiTEE/DTgel-1, BiTEE/DTgel-2, or BiTEE/DTgel-2S respectively prolonged the half-life of the BiTEE by 3.5-, 2.0-, and 2.2-fold compared to an intravenous injection of the BiTEE solution. Simultaneously, BiTEE/DTgel formulations showed almost no proinflammatory cytokine release in mice injected with T cells after s.c. administration. Results of an animal antitumor (MDA-MB-231) study indicated that an s.c. injection of the BiTEE/DTgel formulations significantly improved the antitumor efficacy compared to an intravenous (i.v.) or s.c. injection of the BiTEE solution. Moreover, BiTEE/DTgel formulations led to enhanced T-cell recruitment to solid-tumor sites. In conclusion, the in situ formation of injectable PEGylated PLGA thermosensitive hydrogels loaded with the BiTEE was successfully carried out to increase its half-life, maintain a constant blood level within therapeutic windows, and enhance T-cell recruitment to solid-tumor sites resulting in exceptional treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Sheng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jou Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Yi Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Thau Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-O Ho
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Csizmar CM, Ansell SM. Engaging the Innate and Adaptive Antitumor Immune Response in Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3302. [PMID: 33804869 PMCID: PMC8038124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful therapeutic strategy for many malignancies, including lymphoma. As in solid tumors, early clinical trials have revealed that immunotherapy is not equally efficacious across all lymphoma subtypes. For example, immune checkpoint inhibition has a higher overall response rate and leads to more durable outcomes in Hodgkin lymphomas compared to non-Hodgkin lymphomas. These observations, combined with a growing understanding of tumor biology, have implicated the tumor microenvironment as a major determinant of treatment response and prognosis. Interactions between lymphoma cells and their microenvironment facilitate several mechanisms that impair the antitumor immune response, including loss of major histocompatibility complexes, expression of immunosuppressive ligands, secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, and the recruitment, expansion, and skewing of suppressive cell populations. Accordingly, treatments to overcome these barriers are being rapidly developed and translated into clinical trials. This review will discuss the mechanisms of immune evasion, current avenues for optimizing the antitumor immune response, clinical successes and failures of lymphoma immunotherapy, and outstanding hurdles that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen M. Ansell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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15
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Kilic O, Matos de Souza MR, Almotlak AA, Wang Y, Siegfried JM, Distefano MD, Wagner CR. Anti-EGFR Fibronectin Bispecific Chemically Self-Assembling Nanorings (CSANs) Induce Potent T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Responses and Downregulation of EGFR Signaling and PD-1/PD-L1 Expression. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10235-10245. [PMID: 32852209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on various cancers makes it an important target for cancer immunotherapy. We recently demonstrated that single-chain variable fragment-based bispecific chemically self-assembled nanorings (CSANs) can successfully modify T cell surfaces and function as prosthetic antigen receptors (PARs) allowing selective targeting of tumor antigens while incorporating a dissociation mechanism of the rings. Here, we report the generation of anti-EGFR fibronectin (FN3)-based PARs with high yield, rapid protein production, predicted low immunogenicity, and increased protein stability. We demonstrated the cytotoxicity of FN3-PARs successfully while evaluating FN3 affinities, CSAN valencies, and antigen expression levels. Using an orthotopic breast cancer model, we showed that FN3-PARs can suppress tumor growth with no adverse effects and FN3-PARs reduced immunosuppressive programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression by downregulating EGFR signaling. These results demonstrate the potential of FN3-PARs to direct selective T cell-targeted tumor killing and to enhance antitumor T cell efficacy by modulating the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos R Matos de Souza
- Department of Virology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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16
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Abstract
Immunotherapy, as a powerful strategy for cancer treatment, has achieved tremendous efficacy in clinical trials. Despite these advancements, there is much to do in terms of enhancing therapeutic benefits and decreasing the side effects of cancer immunotherapy. Advanced nanobiomaterials, including liposomes, polymers, and silica, play a vital role in the codelivery of drugs and immunomodulators. These nanobiomaterial-based delivery systems could effectively promote antitumor immune responses and simultaneously reduce toxic adverse effects. Furthermore, nanobiomaterials may also combine with each other or with traditional drugs via different mechanisms, thus giving rise to more accurate and efficient tumor treatment. Here, an overview of the latest advancement in these nanobiomaterials used for cancer immunotherapy is given, describing outstanding systems, including lipid-based nanoparticles, polymer-based scaffolds or micelles, inorganic nanosystems, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan-Peng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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17
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Abstract
Bispecific therapeutics target two distinct antigens simultaneously and provide novel functionalities that are not attainable with single monospecific molecules or combinations of them. The unique potential of bispecific therapeutics is driving extensive efforts to discover synergistic dual targets, design molecular formats to integrate bispecific elements, and accelerate successful clinical translation. In particular, the past decade has witnessed a boom in the design and development of bispecific antibody formats with more than 100 collections to date. Despite the remarkable progress that has been made to expand the number of formats, qualitative fine-tuning of bispecific formats is needed to achieve optimal dual-target engagement based on understanding of the spatiotemporal interdependence of the two physically linked binding specificities and the complex target biology associated with bispecific approaches. This review provides insights into the design parameters - including affinity, valency, and geometry - that need to be considered at an early stage of development in order to take the best advantage of bispecific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung In Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Yongso-ro 45, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea.
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18
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19
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Gaikwad H, Wang G, Smith WJ, Alexander KL, D'Alessandro A, Zhang W, Purev E, Simberg D. Clickable Methyltetrazine-Indocarbocyanine Lipids: A Multicolor Tool Kit for Efficient Modifications of Cell Membranes. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2106-2114. [PMID: 31050882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapeutics are one of the most promising and exciting breakthroughs in modern medicine. Modification of the cell surface with ligands, biologics, drugs, and nanoparticles can further enhance the functionality. Previously, we described the synthesis of a dioctadecyl indocarbocyanine Cy3 analog (aminomethyl-DiI) for efficient and stable modification (painting) of mouse erythrocytes with small molecules, enzymes, and biologics. Here, we synthesized a near-infrared aminomethyl dioctadecyl derivative of Cy7 (aminomethyl-DOCy7) and systematically compared it to aminomethyl-DiI as an anchor for the modification of human erythrocytes, Jurkat cells, and primary T cells with immunoglobulin G. To enable copper-free click chemistry modification of cell membranes, we conjugated a methyltetrazine (MTz) group to the amino-indocyanine lipids via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. DOCy7-PEG3400-MTz showed over 99% modification efficiency of human red blood cells (RBCs) at 25 μM. Reaction of trans-cyclooctene (TCO) modified immunoglobulin G (IgG) with DOCy7-PEG4-MTz-modified RBCs (2-step method) resulted in ∼80,000 IgG molecules per erythrocyte, whereas modification with a preconjugated DOCy7-PEG3400-IgG construct (1-step method) resulted in ∼20,000 IgG molecules per erythrocyte as detected by immuno dot-blot. The number of IgG/RBC was controlled by the concentration of IgG. The incubation of RBCs with DiI-PEG3400-MTz resulted in a similar number of IgG/RBC. Modification of the T-lymphocyte cell line Jurkat with IgG resulted in ∼1 × 106 IgG/cell with the 1-step and 2-step methods, and the efficiency was similar for DOCy7 and DiI constructs. Finally, we used DOCy7 and DiI constructs to demonstrate efficient modification of primary CD3+T cells from healthy donors. In conclusion, click indocarbocyanine conjugates represent a novel multicolor chemical biology tool kit for efficient surface modification of different cells types and can be used for potential imaging and drug delivery applications involving engineered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guankui Wang
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | | | - Keisha L Alexander
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Enkhtsetseg Purev
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
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20
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Ge Y, Shen X, Cao H, Hao Y, Jin L, Shang J, Wang Y, Pan T, Qi Z. A supramolecular hydrophobic guest transport system based on a biological macrocycle. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38195-38199. [PMID: 35541798 PMCID: PMC9075912 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07054k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A protein-based macrocyclic bioactive guest loading system has been developed, which not only provides a stable 10 nm scale lipophilic environment, but also increases the solubility of potent anticancer agent SN38 in its active lactone form in aqueous medium. A highly biocompatible biogenic macrocycle was utilized to enhance the water-solubility and pH stability of the potent antineoplastic agent SN38.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ge
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Xin Shen
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Hongqian Cao
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Yuchong Hao
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Lin Jin
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Jie Shang
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Yangxin Wang
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Tiezheng Pan
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Zhenhui Qi
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- China
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21
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Csizmar CM, Petersburg JR, Perry TJ, Rozumalski L, Hackel BJ, Wagner CR. Multivalent Ligand Binding to Cell Membrane Antigens: Defining the Interplay of Affinity, Valency, and Expression Density. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:251-261. [PMID: 30507196 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nature uses multivalency to govern many biological processes. The development of macromolecular and cellular therapies has largely been dependent on engineering similar polyvalent interactions to enable effective targeting. Such therapeutics typically utilize high-affinity binding domains that have the propensity to recognize both antigen-overexpressing tumors and normal-expressing tissues, leading to "on-target, off-tumor" toxicities. One strategy to improve these agents' selectivity is to reduce the binding affinity, such that biologically relevant interactions between the therapeutic and target cell will only exist under conditions of high avidity. Preclinical studies have validated this principle of avidity optimization in the context of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells; however, a rigorous analysis of this approach in the context of soluble multivalent targeting scaffolds has yet to be undertaken. Using a modular protein nanoring capable of displaying ≤8 fibronectin domains with engineered specificity for a model antigen, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), this study demonstrates that binding affinity and ligand valency can be optimized to afford discrimination between EpCAMHigh (2.8-3.8 × 106 antigens/cell) and EpCAMLow (5.2 × 104 to 2.2 × 105 antigens/cell) tissues both in vitro and in vivo.
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