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Chauhan M, Sonali, Shekhar S, Yadav B, Garg V, Dutt R, Mehata AK, Goswami P, Koch B, Muthu MS, Singh RP. AS1411 aptamer/RGD dual functionalized theranostic chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles for brain cancer treatment and imaging. Biomater Adv 2024; 160:213833. [PMID: 38564997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy and poor targeted delivery in brain cancer resulting to poor treatment and develop resistance to anticancer drugs. Meanwhile, it is quite challenging to diagnose/detection of brain tumor at early stage of cancer which resulting in severity of the disease. Despite extensive research, effective treatment with real-time imaging still remains completely unavailable, yet. In this study, two brain cancer cell specific moieties i.e., AS1411 aptamer and RGD are decorated on the surface of chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles to improve targeted co-delivery of docetaxel (DTX) and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) for effective brain tumor therapy and real-time imaging. The nanoparticles were developed by a slightly modified emulsion/solvent evaporation method. This investigation also translates the successful synthesis of TPGS-chitosan, TPGS-RGD and TPGS-AS1411 aptamer conjugates for making PLGA nanoparticle as a potential tool of the targeted co-delivery of DTX and UCNP to the brain cancer cells. The developed nanoparticles have shown an average particle size <200 nm, spherical in shape, high encapsulation of DTX and UCNP in the core of nanoparticles, and sustained release of DTX up to 72 h in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4). AS1411 aptamer and RGD functionalized theranostic chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles containing DTX and UCNP (DUCPN-RGD-AS1411) have achieved greater cellular uptake, 89-fold improved cytotoxicity, enhanced cancer cell arrest even at lower drug conc., improved bioavailability with higher mean residence time of DTX in systemic circulation and brain tissues. Moreover, DUCPN-RGD-AS1411 have greatly facilitated cellular internalization and higher accumulation of UCNP in brain tissues. Additionally, DUCPN-RGD-AS1411 demonstrated a significant suppression in tumor growth in brain-tumor bearing xenograft BALB/c nude mice with no impressive sign of toxicities. DUCPN-RGD-AS1411 has great potential to be utilized as an effective and safe theranostic tool for brain cancer and other life-threatening cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, India
| | - Sonali
- Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, GTB Enclave, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Saurabh Shekhar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, India
| | - Bhavna Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, India
| | - Vandana Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Rohit Dutt
- Gandhi Memorial National College, Ambala Cantt, Haryana 133001, India
| | - Abhishesh Kumar Mehata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pooja Goswami
- Genotoxicology and Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Biplob Koch
- Genotoxicology and Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Madaswamy S Muthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rahul Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, India.
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Mazrad ZAI, Refaat A, Morrow JP, Voelcker NH, Nicolazzo JA, Leiske MN, Kempe K. Folic Acid-Conjugated Brush Polymers Show Enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing in Static and Dynamic In Vitro Models Toward Brain Cancer Targeting Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 38556768 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, evidence has consistently shown that treatment of central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and brain cancer, is limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To assist with the development of new therapeutics, it is crucial to engineer a drug delivery system that can cross the BBB efficiently and reach target cells within the brain. In this study, we present a potentially efficient strategy for targeted brain delivery through utilization of folic acid (FA)-conjugated brush polymers, that specifically target the reduced folate carrier (RFC, SLC19A1) expressed on brain endothelial cells. Here, azide (N3)-decorated brush polymers were prepared in a straightforward manner coupling a heterotelechelic α-NH2, ω-N3-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (NH2-PEtOx-N3) to N-acylated poly(amino ester) (NPAE)-based brushes. Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) 'click chemistry' with DBCO-folic acid (FA) yielded FA-brush polymers. Interestingly, while azide functionalization of the brush polymers dramatically reduced their association to brain microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3), the introduction of FA to azide led to a substantial accumulation of the brush polymers in hCMEC/D3 cells. The ability of the polymeric brush polymers to traverse the BBB was quantitatively assessed using different in vitro BBB models including static Transwell and microfluidic platforms. FA-brush polymers showed efficient transport across hCMEC/D3 cells in a manner dependent on FA composition, whereas nonfunctionalized brush polymers exhibited limited trafficking under the same conditions. Further, cellular uptake inhibition studies suggested that the interaction and transport pathway of FA-brush polymers across BBB relies on the RFC-mediated pathways. The potential application of the developed FA-brush polymers in brain cancer delivery was also investigated in a microfluidic model of BBB-glioblastoma. Brush polymers with more FA units successfully presented an enhanced accumulation into U-87 MG glioma cells following its BBB crossing, compared to controls. These results demonstrate that FA-modified brush polymers hold a great potential for more efficient delivery of future brain therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihnil A I Mazrad
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ahmed Refaat
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Azarita 21521, Egypt
| | - Joshua P Morrow
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Meike N Leiske
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Faculty of Biology, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Shamshiripour P, Rahnama M, Nikoobakht M, Hajiahmadi F, Moradi AR, Ahmadvand D. A dynamic study of VEGF-A siDOX-EVs trafficking through the in-vitro insert co-culture blood-brain barrier model by digital holographic microscopy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1292083. [PMID: 38529380 PMCID: PMC10961383 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1292083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Modeling the blood-brain barrier has long been a challenge for pharmacological studies. Up to the present, numerous attempts have been devoted to recapitulating the endothelial barrier in vitro to assess drug delivery vehicles' efficiency for brain disorders. In the current work, we presented a new approach for analyzing the morphometric parameters of the cells of an insert co-culture blood-brain barrier model using rat brain astrocytes, rat brain microvascular endothelial cells, and rat brain pericytes. This analytical approach could aid in getting further information on drug trafficking through the blood-brain barrier and its impact on the brain indirectly. Methods In the current work, we cultured rat brain astrocytes, rat brain microvascular endothelial cells, and rat brain pericytes and then used an insert well to culture the cells in contact with each other to model the blood-brain barrier. Then, the morphometric parameters of the porous membrane of the insert well, as well as each cell type were imaged by digital holographic microscopy before and after cell seeding. At last, we performed folate conjugation on the surface of the EVs we have previously tested for glioma therapy in our previous work called VEGF-A siDOX-EVs and checked how the trafficking of EVs improves after folate conjugation as a clathrin-mediated delivery setup. the trafficking and passage of EVs were assessed by flow cytometry and morphometric analysis of the digital holographic microscopy holograms. Results Our results indicated that EVs successfully entered through the proposed endothelial barrier assessed by flow cytometry analysis and furthermore, folate conjugation significantly improved EV passage through the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, our results indicated that the VEGF-A siDOX-EVs insert cytotoxic impact on the cells of the bottom of the culture plate. Conclusion folate-conjugation on the surface of EVs improves their trafficking through the blood-brain barrier and by using digital holographic microscopy analysis, we could directly assess the morphometric changes of the blood-brain barrier cells for pharmacological purposes as an easy, label-free, and real-time analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shamshiripour
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Shahid Beheshti Medical University (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrana Rahnama
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nikoobakht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Hajiahmadi
- University of California San Francisco, Cellular Molecular Pharmacology School, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ali-reza Moradi
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
- School of NanoScience, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Ahmadvand
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Ahmadi M, Ritter CA, von Woedtke T, Bekeschus S, Wende K. Package delivered: folate receptor-mediated transporters in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1966-2006. [PMID: 38332833 PMCID: PMC10848714 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05539f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Neoplasias pose a significant threat to aging society, underscoring the urgent need to overcome the limitations of traditional chemotherapy through pioneering strategies. Targeted drug delivery is an evolving frontier in cancer therapy, aiming to enhance treatment efficacy while mitigating undesirable side effects. One promising avenue utilizes cell membrane receptors like the folate receptor to guide drug transporters precisely to malignant cells. Based on the cellular folate receptor as a cancer cell hallmark, targeted nanocarriers and small molecule-drug conjugates have been developed that comprise different (bio) chemistries and/or mechanical properties with individual advantages and challenges. Such modern folic acid-conjugated stimuli-responsive drug transporters provide systemic drug delivery and controlled release, enabling reduced dosages, circumvention of drug resistance, and diminished adverse effects. Since the drug transporters' structure-based de novo design is increasingly relevant for precision cancer remediation and diagnosis, this review seeks to collect and debate the recent approaches to deliver therapeutics or diagnostics based on folic acid conjugated Trojan Horses and to facilitate the understanding of the relevant chemistry and biochemical pathways. Focusing exemplarily on brain and breast cancer, recent advances spanning 2017 to 2023 in conjugated nanocarriers and small molecule drug conjugates were considered, evaluating the chemical and biological aspects in order to improve accessibility to the field and to bridge chemical and biomedical points of view ultimately guiding future research in FR-targeted cancer therapy and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadi
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis Felix Hausdorff-Str. 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Christoph A Ritter
- Institute of Pharmacy, Section Clinical Pharmacy, University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis Felix Hausdorff-Str. 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald University Medical Center Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße 17475 Greifswald Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis Felix Hausdorff-Str. 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center Strempelstr. 13 18057 Rostock Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis Felix Hausdorff-Str. 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
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5
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Majumder R, Karmakar S, Mishra S, Mallick AB, Das Mukhopadhyay C. Functionalized Carbon Nano-Onions as a Smart Drug Delivery System for the Poorly Soluble Drug Carmustine for the Management of Glioblastoma. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:154-167. [PMID: 38088856 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The drug delivery system for transporting anticancer agents to targeted tissues in the body is a challenging issue. In search of a suitable biocompatible carrier having controlled and sustained drug release properties of poorly soluble drugs, carbon nano-onions (CNOs) were loaded with an anticancer drug, bis-chloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU/carmustine). CNOs being autofluorescent, drug-loaded functionalized CNOs (f-CNO-BCNU) can be detected in vivo. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential light scattering (DLS) techniques were used to analyze the sizes of these f-CNOs. The molecular study revealed that the f-CNO-BCNU readily and noncovalently binds with the folate receptors present on the cancer cell surface in excess. Computer modeling and molecular dynamics simulation followed by binding free energy calculation shows f-CNOs have -29.9 kcal/mol binding free energy, and it noncovalently binds the receptor FRα using loop dynamics of three essential loops present in the protein along with polar stabilization interactions provided by Asp55 and Glu86 residues present in the active site. The f-CNO effectively decreased cancer cell viability with a low IC50 value (the concentration that led to 50% killing of the cells). The cell-based Franz diffusion assay was performed to study the drug release profile. The f-CNO-BCNUs also decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of U87 cells, increased reactive oxygen species release, and caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. The f-CNOs also increased the percentage of apoptotic cells observed by the Annexin V assay. Based on observed results, it can be concluded that the f-CNO-BCNU efficiently targets the cancer cells, enhances the bioavailability of carmustine, and can be used as a smart chemotherapeutic agent. This strategy offers better patient compliance and greater bioavailability of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindranath Majumder
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal 711103, India
| | - Soumyajit Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Sabyashachi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Amitava Basu Mallick
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal 711103, India
| | - Chitrangada Das Mukhopadhyay
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal 711103, India
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6
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Peddinti V, Rout B, Agnihotri TG, Gomte SS, Jain A. Functionalized liposomes: an enticing nanocarrier for management of glioma. J Liposome Res 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37855432 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2023.2270060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most severe central nervous systems (CNS)-specific tumors, with rapidly growing malignant glial cells accounting for roughly half of all brain tumors and having a poor survival rate ranging from 12 to 15 months. Despite being the most often used technique for glioma therapy, conventional chemotherapy suffers from low permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB) to anticancer drugs. When it comes to nanocarriers, liposomes are thought of as one of the most promising nanocarrier systems for glioma treatment. However, owing to BBB tight junctions, non-targeted liposomes, which passively accumulate in most cancer cells primarily via the increased permeability and retention effect (EPR), would not be suitable for glioma treatment. The surface modification of liposomes with various active targeting ligands has shown encouraging outcomes in the recent times by allowing various chemotherapy drugs to pass across the BBB and BBTB and enter glioma cells. This review article introduces by briefly outlining the landscape of glioma, its classification, and some of the pathogenic causes. Further, it discusses major barriers for delivering drugs to glioma such as the BBB, BBTB, and tumor microenvironment. It further discusses modified liposomes such as long-acting circulating liposomes, actively targeted liposomes, stimuli responsive liposomes. Finally, it highlighted the limitations of liposomes in the treatment of glioma and the various actively targeted liposomes undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasu Peddinti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Biswajit Rout
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Tejas Girish Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Shyam Sudhakar Gomte
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Aakanchha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Upadhaya P, Hazari PP, Mishra AK, Dutta B, Hassan P, Patravale V. Radiolabelled folate micellar carriers as proposed diagnostic aid for CNS tumors by nasal route. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2604-2613. [PMID: 37084174 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Glioma refers to the most atypical variant of the malignant central nervous system tumors posturing massive challenge to the research fraternity owing to the flimsy improvement in the patient survival rate over the past years. The aim of the proposed work was developing a diagnostic aid for brain tumors, which could be administered via the non-invasive intranasal route. Since overexpression of folate receptors in the central nervous system tumors is 500 times more than the normal healthy cells, we aimed at fabricating a radiolabeled folate encapsulated micellar delivery system to be given via the nasal route. Folate conjugated bifunctional chelating agent was synthesized, radiolabeled with 99mTc, and encapsulated in a micellar carrier. The fabricated micelles were further evaluated for in vivo nasal toxicity in rats and the same were found safe for intranasal administration. The fabricated micelles owing to their nano size, mucoadhesive nature, and enhanced permeation were observed to have a higher uptake into the brain (around 16% in 4 h) than as compared to the radiolabeled conjugated folate solution when studied for in vivo biodistribution in mice. Single-photon emission computerized tomography imaging performed in higher animals upon intranasal administration of the micellar formulation revealed enhanced uptake of the micelles into the animal brain. It is believed that the aforementioned formulation can be of a great diagnostic value in the detection of not only brain tumors but also other folate expressing cancers such as cervical, breast, and lungs as the system is fast, non-toxic, accurate, non-invasive, and simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Upadhaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Puja Panwar Hazari
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences (DCRS), Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences (DCRS), Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Bijaideep Dutta
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Puthusserickal Hassan
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India.
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8
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Moonshi SS, Vazquez-Prada KX, Tang J, Westra van Holthe NJ, Cowin G, Wu Y, Tran HDN, Mckinnon R, Bulmer AC, Ta HT. Spiky Silver-Iron Oxide Nanohybrid for Effective Dual-Imaging and Synergistic Thermo-Chemotherapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:42153-42169. [PMID: 37602893 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanophotothermal therapy based on nanoparticles (NPs) that convert near-infrared (NIR) light to generate heat to selectively kill cancer cells has attracted immense interest due to its high efficacy and being free of ionizing radiation damage. Here, for the first time, we have designed a novel nanohybrid, silver-iron oxide NP (AgIONP), which was successfully tuned for strong absorbance at NIR wavelengths to be effective in photothermal treatment and dual-imaging strategy using MRI and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) in a cancer model in vivo and in vitro, respectively. We strategically combine the inherent anticancer activity of silver and photothermal therapy to render excellent therapeutic capability of AgIONPs. In vitro phantoms and in vivo imaging studies displayed preferential uptake of folate-targeted NPs in a cancer mice model, indicating the selective targeting efficiency of NPs. Importantly, a single intravenous injection of NPs in a cancer mice model resulted in significant tumor reduction, and photothermal laser resulted in a further substantial synergistic decrease in tumor size. Additionally, biosafety and biochemical assessment performed in mice displayed no significant difference between NP treatment and control groups. Overall, our folic acid AgIONPs displayed excellent potential in the simultaneous application for safe and successful targeted synergistic photothermal treatment and imaging of a cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehzahdi S Moonshi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karla X Vazquez-Prada
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Nathan 4111, Australia
| | - Joyce Tang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Westra van Holthe
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Nathan 4111, Australia
- National Imaging Facility, Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Gary Cowin
- National Imaging Facility, Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Yuao Wu
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Huong D N Tran
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Nathan 4111, Australia
| | - Ryan Mckinnon
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Andrew C Bulmer
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Nathan 4111, Australia
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9
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Martins C, Sarmento B. Multi-ligand functionalized blood-to-tumor sequential targeting strategies in the field of glioblastoma nanomedicine. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2023; 15:e1893. [PMID: 37186374 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an unmet clinical need characterized by a standard of care (SOC) 5-year survival rate of only 5%, and a treatment mostly palliative. Significant hurdles in GBM therapies include an effective penetration of therapeutics through the brain protective barrier, namely the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and a successful therapeutic delivery to brain-invading tumor cells post-BBB crossing. These hurdles, along with the poor prognosis and critical heterogeneity of the disease, have shifted attention to treatment modalities with capacity to precisely and sequentially target (i) BBB cells, inducing blood-to-brain transport, and (ii) GBM cells, leading to a higher therapeutic accumulation at the tumor site. This sequential targeting allows therapeutic molecules to reach the brain parenchyma and compromise molecular processes that support tumor cell invasion. Besides improving formulation and pharmacokinetics constraints of drugs, nanomedicines offer the possibility of being surface functionalized with multiple possibilities of targeting ligands, while delivering the desired therapeutic cargos to the biological sites of interest. Targeting ligands exploit the site-specific expression or overexpression of specific molecules on BBB and GBM cells, triggering brain plus tumor transport. Since the efficacy of single-ligand functionalized nanomedicines is limited due to the GBM anatomical site (brain) and disease complexity, this review presents an overview of multi-ligand functionalized, BBB and GBM sequentially- and dual-targeted nanomedicines reported in literature over the last 10 years. The role of the BBB in GBM progression, treatment options, and the multiple possibilities of currently available targeting ligands will be summarized. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Martins
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IUCS-CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
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Huang W, Yao F, Tian S, Liu M, Liu G, Jiang Y. Recent Advances in Zein-Based Nanocarriers for Precise Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1820. [PMID: 37514006 PMCID: PMC10384823 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has emerged as a leading cause of death worldwide. However, the pursuit of precise cancer therapy and high-efficiency delivery of antitumor drugs remains an enormous obstacle. The major challenge is the lack of a smart drug delivery system with the advantages of biodegradability, biocompatibility, stability, targeting and response release. Zein, a plant-based protein, possesses a unique self-assembly ability to encapsulate anticancer drugs directly or indirectly. Using zein as a nanotherapeutic pharmaceutic preparation can protect anticancer drugs from harsh environments, such as sunlight, stomach acid and pepsin. Moreover, the surface functionalization of zein is easily realized, which can endow it with targeting and stimulus-responsive release capacity. Hence, zein is an ideal nanocarrier for the precise delivery of anticancer drugs. Combined with our previous research experiences, we attempt to review the current state of the preparation of zein-based nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery. The challenges, solutions and development trends of zein-based nanocarriers for precise cancer therapy are discussed. This review will provide a guideline for precise cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Huang
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Fei Yao
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Shuangyan Tian
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Mohao Liu
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Guijin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Yanbin Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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11
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Patrick S, Lathoria K, Suri V, Sen E. Reduced YAP1 and FOLR1 in gliomas predict better response to chemotherapeutics. Cell Signal 2023:110738. [PMID: 37269960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas harbouring mutations in IDH1 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1) are characterized by greater sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. These mutants also exhibit diminished levels of transcriptional coactivator YAP1 (yes-associated protein 1). Enhanced DNA damage in IDH1 mutant cells, as evidenced by γH2AX formation (phosphorylation of histone variant H2A.X) and ATM (serine/threonine kinase; ataxia telangiectasia mutated) phosphorylation, was accompanied by reduced FOLR1 (folate receptor 1) expression. Diminished FOLR1, concomitant with heightened γH2AX levels, was also observed in patient-derived IDH1 mutant glioma tissues. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, overexpression of mutant YAP1, and treatment with YAP1-TEAD (TEA domain transcription factors) complex inhibitor verteporfin demonstrated regulation of FOLR1 expression by YAP1 and its partner transcription factor TEAD2. TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data analysis demonstrated better patient survival with reduced FOLR1 expression. Depletion of FOLR1 rendered IDH1 wild-type gliomas more susceptible to temozolomide-mediated death. Despite heightened DNA damage, IDH1 mutants exhibited reduced levels of IL6 (interleukin 6) and IL8 (interleukin 8) - pro-inflammatory cytokines known to be associated with persistent DNA damage. While both FOLR1 and YAP1 influenced DNA damage, only YAP1 was involved in regulating IL6 and IL8. ESTIMATE and CIBERSORTx analyses revealed the association between YAP1 expression and immune cell infiltration in gliomas. By identifying the influence of YAP1-FOLR1 link in DNA damage, our findings suggest that simultaneous depletion of both could amplify the potency of DNA damaging agents, while concomitantly reducing the release of inflammatory mediators and potentially affecting immune modulation. This study also highlights the novel role of FOLR1 as a probable prognostic marker in gliomas, predicting responsiveness to temozolomide and other DNA damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vaishali Suri
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ellora Sen
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar 122052, India.
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12
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Di Filippo LD, de Carvalho SG, Duarte JL, Luiz MT, Paes Dutra JA, de Paula GA, Chorilli M, Conde J. A receptor-mediated landscape of druggable and targeted nanomaterials for gliomas. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100671. [PMID: 37273792 PMCID: PMC10238751 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common type of brain cancer, and among them, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent (about 60% of cases) and the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor. The treatment of GBM is a major challenge due to the pathophysiological characteristics of the disease, such as the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents and regulates the passage of substances from the bloodstream to the brain parenchyma, making many of the chemotherapeutics currently available not able to reach the brain in therapeutic concentrations, accumulating in non-target organs, and causing considerable adverse effects for the patient. In this scenario, nanocarriers emerge as tools capable of improving the brain bioavailability of chemotherapeutics, in addition to improving their biodistribution and enhancing their uptake in GBM cells. This is possible due to its nanometric size and surface modification strategies, which can actively target nanocarriers to elements overexpressed by GBM cells (such as transmembrane receptors) related to aggressive development, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. In this review, an overview of the most frequently overexpressed receptors in GBM cells and possible approaches to chemotherapeutic delivery and active targeting using nanocarriers will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonatas Lobato Duarte
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Tavares Luiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Geanne Aparecida de Paula
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Conde
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Miner MWG, Liljenbäck H, Virta J, Kärnä S, Viitanen R, Elo P, Gardberg M, Teuho J, Saipa P, Rajander J, Mansour HMA, Cleveland NA, Low PS, Li XG, Roivainen A. High folate receptor expression in gliomas can be detected in vivo using folate-based positron emission tomography with high tumor-to-brain uptake ratio divulging potential future targeting possibilities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145473. [PMID: 37275898 PMCID: PMC10232737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-invasive imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) are extremely important for cancer detection and characterization especially for difficult to biopsy or extremely delicate organs such as the brain. The folate analogue 1,4,7-triazacylononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-conjugated folate radiolabeled with aluminum fluoride-18 ([18F]FOL) has been previously shown to accumulate preferentially in tumor cells with an overexpression of folate receptors (FRs) and here was investigated for its ability to detect orthotopic gliomas in a rat model. In addition, we studied the expression of FRs in human glioblastoma samples to investigate if an analogous relationship may exist. Methods Nine BDIX rats were injected with BT4C rat glioma cells into the right hemisphere of the brain. Animals were imaged with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging at on days prior to PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging. Animals were divided into two groups, and were PET/CT imaged with either [18F]FOL or 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) on 19 and 32-days post glioma grafting. Two subjects were also PET/CT imaged with [18F]FOL on day 16. Biodistribution was studied and brains were cryosectioned for autoradiography, immunofluorescence, and histological studies. Patient-derived paraffin-embedded glioblastomas were sectioned and stained with similar methods. Results PET imaging showed an increase of [18F]FOL tumor-to-brain uptake ratio (TBR) over the study duration from day 16/19 (3.3 ± 0.9) increasing to 5.7 ± 1.0 by day 32. [18F]FDG PET-imaged rats had a consistent TBR of 1.6 ± 0.1 throughout the study. Ex vivo autoradiography results revealed an exceptionally high TBR of 116.1 ± 26.9 for [18F]FOL while the [18F]FDG values were significantly lower giving 2.9 ± 0.6 (P<0.0001). Immunostaining demonstrated an increased presence of FR-α in the BT4C gliomas versus the contralateral brain tissue, while FR-β was present only on glioma periphery. Human sections assayed showed similar FRs expression characteristics. Conclusion This study shows upregulation of FR-α inside glioma regions in both human and animal tissue, providing a biochemical basis for the observed increased [18F]FOL uptake in animal PET images. These results suggest that FRs targeting imaging and therapeutic compounds may possess clinically relevant translational abilities for the detection and treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Salli Kärnä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Petri Elo
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Gardberg
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Piritta Saipa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Nathan A. Cleveland
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Philip S. Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Iturrioz-Rodríguez N, Sampron N, Matheu A. Current advances in temozolomide encapsulation for the enhancement of glioblastoma treatment. Theranostics 2023; 13:2734-2756. [PMID: 37284445 PMCID: PMC10240814 DOI: 10.7150/thno.82005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal brain tumor in adults. The incorporation of temozolomide (TMZ) into the standard treatment has increased the overall survival rate of glioblastoma patients. Since then, significant advances have been made in understanding the benefits and limitations of TMZ. Among the latter, the unspecific toxicity of TMZ, poor solubility, and hydrolyzation are intrinsic characteristics, whereas the presence of the blood-brain barrier and some tumor properties, such as molecular and cellular heterogeneity and therapy resistance, have limited the therapeutic effects of TMZ in treating glioblastoma. Several reports have revealed that different strategies for TMZ encapsulation in nanocarriers overcome those limitations and have shown that they increase TMZ stability, half-life, biodistribution, and efficacy, offering the promise for future nanomedicine therapies in handling glioblastoma. In this review, we analyze the different nanomaterials used for the encapsulation of TMZ to improve its stability, blood half-life and efficacy, paying special attention to polymer- and lipid-based nanosystems. To improve TMZ drug resistance, present in up to 50% of patients, we detail TMZ combined therapeutic with i) other chemotherapies, ii) inhibitors, iii) nucleic acids, iv) photosensitizers and other nanomaterials for photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and magnetic hyperthermia, v) immunotherapy, and vi) other less explored molecules. Moreover, we describe targeting strategies, such as passive targeting, active targeting to BBB endothelial cells, glioma cells, and glioma cancer stem cells, and local delivery, where TMZ has demonstrated an improved outcome. To finish our study, we include possible future research directions that could help decrease the time needed to move from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Sampron
- Cellular Oncology group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento (CIBERfes), Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Kordzadeh A, Zarif M, Amjad-Iranagh S. Molecular dynamics insight of interaction between the functionalized-carbon nanotube and cancerous cell membrane in doxorubicin delivery. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2023; 230:107332. [PMID: 36603233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Doxorubicin (DOX) is a known anticancer drug which is widely used in cancer therapy. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the most promising platforms for smart drug delivery applications. However, due to the toxicity and their low sulubility their application is limited and their functionalization with wide range of biomolecules are suggested. Therefore, the functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNT) with carboxyl (CNT-COO) and folic acid (CNT-COO-FA) were investigated as drug-carrier. METHODS Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation along with the Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods are being used to study the drug loading process on functionalized carbon nanotubes. RESULTS The results indicate that doxorubicin molecules interact more with CNT-COO-FA than CNT-COO. The embedded dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer with a folate receptor was considered a cancerous cell's representative model. Then the drug release from the f-CNTs near the lipid bilayer was simulated. The results showed that CNT-COO-FA with a pH and ligand-sensitive mechanism strongly interacts with cancerous cells, which led to higher drug release, in agreement with the experimental results. The conformational changes of the lipid bilayer and folate receptor during drug release were evaluated. The analysis showed that drug release from CNT-COO-FA has significantly changed lipid bilayer and receptor conformations. The obtained results were interpreted and justified by considering the molecular mechanisms which control the drug delivery in the studied systems. CONCLUSIONS Based on the obtained results, CNT-COO-FA has a better performance during the drug release compared to CNT-COO in delivering doxorubicin. Both pH and ligand sensitive mechanisms are found to be responsible for higher drug delivery efficiency of CNT-COO-FA. In contrast, CNT-COO can only enhance drug delivery efficiently with a pH-sensitive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Kordzadeh
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 145888-9694, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zarif
- Department of Physical and Computational Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-9411, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Amjad-Iranagh
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 115875-4313, Tehran, Iran.
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Gaitsch H, Hersh AM, Alomari S, Tyler BM. Dendrimer Technology in Glioma: Functional Design and Potential Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1075. [PMID: 36831418 PMCID: PMC9954563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutic and diagnostic methods are sorely needed for gliomas, which contribute yearly to hundreds of thousands of cancer deaths worldwide. Despite the outpouring of research efforts and funding aimed at improving clinical outcomes for patients with glioma, the prognosis for high-grade glioma, and especially glioblastoma, remains dire. One of the greatest obstacles to improving treatment efficacy and destroying cancer cells is the safe delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and biologics to the tumor site at a high enough dose to be effective. Over the past few decades, a burst of research has leveraged nanotechnology to overcome this obstacle. There has been a renewed interest in adapting previously understudied dendrimer nanocarriers for this task. Dendrimers are small, highly modifiable, branched structures featuring binding sites for a variety of drugs and ligands. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential for dendrimers and dendrimer conjugates to effectively shuttle therapeutic cargo to the correct tumor location, permeate the tumor, and promote apoptosis of tumor cells while minimizing systemic toxicity and damage to surrounding healthy brain tissue. This review provides a primer on the properties of dendrimers; outlines the mechanisms by which they can target delivery of substances to the site of brain pathology; and delves into current trends in the application of dendrimers to drug and gene delivery, and diagnostic imaging, in glioma. Finally, future directions for translating these in vitro and in vivo findings to the clinic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Gaitsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- NIH Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, Wellcome—MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Andrew M. Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Safwan Alomari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Betty M. Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Bian Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Xiong S, Su D. Image‐guided diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma. VIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongning Bian
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation Department of Chemistry Beijing University of Technology Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation Department of Chemistry Beijing University of Technology Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xueqian Chen
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation Department of Chemistry Beijing University of Technology Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation Department of Chemistry Beijing University of Technology Beijing P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Xiong
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation Department of Chemistry Beijing University of Technology Beijing P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Su
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation Department of Chemistry Beijing University of Technology Beijing P. R. China
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Kianinejad N, Kwon YM. Dual-targeting of brain tumors with nanovesicles. Bioimpacts 2023; 13:1-3. [PMID: 36816997 PMCID: PMC9923813 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.26321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of chemotherapies to brain tumors faces the difficult task of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB).1-4 The brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) along with other cell lines, such as astrocytes and pericytes, form the BBB. This highly selective semipermeable barrier separates the blood from the brain parenchyma. The BBB controls the movement of drug molecules in a selective manner5 and maintains central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Depending on the properties of drugs such as their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), some can cross the BBB through passive diffusion.6 However, this approach alone has not led to successful drug developments due to low net diffusion rates and systemic toxicity. Although the use of nanomedicine has been proposed to overcome these drawbacks, many recent studies still rely on the so-called 'enhanced permeability and retention (EPR)' effect though there is a realization in the field of drug delivery that EPR effect may not be sufficient for successful drug delivery to brain tumors. Since, compared to many other solid tumors, brain tumors pose additional challenges such as more restrictive blood-tumor barrier as well as the well-developed lymphatic drainage, the selection of functional moieties on the nanocarriers under consideration must be carried out with care to propose better solutions to this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Kianinejad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Young Min Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Health Professions Division, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA,Corresponding author: Young M. Kwon,
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Wang Y, Su Y, Yang Y, Jin H, Wu M, Wang Q, Sun P, Zhang J, Yang X, Shu X. Increased brain uptake of pterostilbene loaded folate modified micellar delivery system. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:3071-3086. [PMID: 36131589 PMCID: PMC9848421 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2126559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective chemotherapy for clinical treatment of brain diseases is still lacking due to the poor penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The aim of this study was to construct a folate modified pterostilbene (Pt) loaded polymeric micellar delivery system (F-Pt/M) with mPEG-PCL as carrier material to aim at penetrating the BBB for brain tissue targeting via receptor-mediated endocytosis. In this study, F-Pt/M was prepared using thin-film hydration method and then optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) with the entrapment efficiency (EE), drug loading (DL) and hydrodynamic diameter (HD) as indexes. The average hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of optimal F-Pt/M were 133.2 nm and 24.6 mV, respectively. DL (18.3%) and EE (98.6%) made the solubility of Pt in water about 25 times higher than that of crude Pt. Results of DSC evaluation revealed that drugs were successfully encapsulated inside the polymeric micelles. TEM images showed that homogeneous spherical micellar structures with a narrow size distribution were developed. The release result in vitro showed that F-Pt/M presented sustained release behavior compared to control free Pt solution. Compared to non-targeted Pt/M, F-Pt/M had a significantly higher cytotoxicity against FR-overexpressing A172 cells. In vitro cellular uptake tests illustrated that the micellar delivery system could significantly improve the accumulation of drugs in target cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. BBB penetration value (P) of F-Pt/M was about 4 folds higher than that of free Pt group. In addition, drug targeting index (DTI) was calculated to determine targeting of F-Pt/M to the brain which was found to be 4.89, implying improved brain targeting was achieved. Hence, the developed F-Pt/M exhibited great potential for delivering more drug molecules across the BBB for the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanan Su
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunqiao Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huan Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Moli Wu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pengyuan Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,Xiaobo Yang College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian116044, China
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,CONTACT Xiaohong Shu Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
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Chakraborty P, Das SS, Dey A, Chakraborty A, Bhattacharyya C, Kandimalla R, Mukherjee B, Gopalakrishnan AV, Singh SK, Kant S, Nand P, Ojha S, Kumar P, Jha NK, Jha SK, Dewanjee S. Quantum dots: The cutting-edge nanotheranostics in brain cancer management. J Control Release 2022; 350:698-715. [PMID: 36057397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals possessing unique optoelectrical properties in that they can emit light energy of specific tunable wavelengths when excited by photons. They are gaining attention nowadays owing to their all-around ability to allow high-quality bio-imaging along with targeted drug delivery. The most lethal central nervous system (CNS) disorders are brain cancers or malignant brain tumors. CNS is guarded by the blood-brain barrier which poses a selective blockade toward drug delivery into the brain. QDs have displayed strong potential to deliver therapeutic agents into the brain successfully. Their bio-imaging capability due to photoluminescence and specific targeting ability through the attachment of ligand biomolecules make them preferable clinical tools for coming times. Biocompatible QDs are emerging as nanotheranostic tools to identify/diagnose and selectively kill cancer cells. The current review focuses on QDs and associated nanoformulations as potential futuristic clinical aids in the continuous battle against brain cancer.
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Jiménez-Morales JM, Hernández-Cuenca YE, Reyes-Abrahantes A, Ruiz-García H, Barajas-Olmos F, García-Ortiz H, Orozco L, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Reyes-González J, Del Carmen Abrahantes-Pérez M. MicroRNA delivery systems in glioma therapy and perspectives: A systematic review. J Control Release 2022; 349:712-730. [PMID: 35905783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the deadliest of all primary brain tumors, and they constitute a serious global health problem. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are gene expression regulators associated with glioma pathogenesis. Thus, miRNAs represent potential therapeutic agents for treating gliomas. However, miRNAs have not been established as part of the regular clinical armamentarium. This systemic review evaluates current molecular and pre-clinical studies with the aim of defining the most appealing supramolecular platform for administering therapeutic miRNA to patients with gliomas. An integrated analysis suggested that cationic lipid nanoparticles, functionalized with octa-arginine peptides, represent a potentially specific, practical, non-invasive intervention for treating gliomas. This supramolecular platform allows loading both hydrophilic (miRNA) and hydrophobic (anti-tumor drugs, like temozolomide) molecules. This systemic review is the first to describe miRNA delivery systems targeted to gliomas that integrate several types of molecules as active ingredients. Further experimental validation is warranted to confirm the practical value of miRNA delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marcos Jiménez-Morales
- Precision Translational Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yanet Elisa Hernández-Cuenca
- Precision Translational Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ander Reyes-Abrahantes
- Precision Translational Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Henry Ruiz-García
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States; Brain Tumor Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States
| | - Francisco Barajas-Olmos
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto García-Ortiz
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States; Brain Tumor Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, United States
| | - Jesús Reyes-González
- Precision Translational Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610 Mexico City, Mexico.
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22
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Shi X, Xu P, Cao C, Cheng Z, Tian J, Hu Z. PET/NIR-II fluorescence imaging and image-guided surgery of glioblastoma using a folate receptor α-targeted dual-modal nanoprobe. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [PMID: 35838757 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The surgery of glioblastoma (GBM) requires a maximal resection of the tumor when it is safe and feasible. The infiltrating growth property of the GBM makes it a challenge for neurosurgeons to identify the tumor tissue even with the assistance of the surgical microscope. This highlights the urgent requirement for imaging techniques that can differentiate tumor tissues during surgery in real time. Fluorescence image-guided surgery of GBM has been investigated using several non-specific fluorescent probes that emit light in the visible and the first near-infrared window (NIR-I, 700-900 nm), which limit the detection accuracy because of the non-specific targeting mechanism and spectral characteristics. Targeted NIR-II (1000-1700 nm) fluorescent probes for GBM are thus highly desired. The folate receptor (FR) has been reported to be upregulated in GBM, which renders it to be a promising target for specific tumor imaging. METHODS In this study, the folic acid (FA) that can target the FR was conjugated with the clinically approved indocyanine green (ICG) dye and DOTA chelator for radiolabeling with 64Cu to achieve targeted positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescence imaging of GBM. RESULTS Surprisingly it was found that the resulted bioconjugate, DOTA-FA-ICG and non-radioactive natCu-DOTA-FA-ICG, were both self-assembled into nanoparticles with NIR-II emission signal. The radiolabeled DOTA-FA-ICG, 64Cu-DOTA-FA-ICG, was found to specifically accumulate in the orthotopic GBM models using in vivo PET, NIR-II, and NIR-I fluorescence imaging. The best time window of fluorescence imaging was demonstrated to be 24 h after DOTA-FA-ICG injection. NIR-II fluorescence image-guided surgery was successfully conducted in the orthotopic GBM models using DOTA-FA-ICG. All the fluorescent tissue was removed and proved to be GBM by the H&E examination. CONCLUSION Overall, our study demonstrates that the probes, 64Cu-DOTA-FA-ICG and DOTA-FA-ICG, hold promise for preoperative PET examination and intraoperative NIR-II fluorescence image-guided surgery of GBM, respectively.
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Yang SW, Jeong YI, Kook MS, Kim BH. Reactive Oxygen Species and Folate Receptor-Targeted Nanophotosensitizers Composed of Folic Acid-Conjugated and Poly(ethylene glycol)-Chlorin e6 Tetramer Having Diselenide Linkages for Targeted Photodynamic Treatment of Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3117. [PMID: 35328538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Folic acid-conjugated nanophotosensitizers composed of folic acid (FA), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) tetramer were synthesized using diselenide linkages for reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and folate receptor-specific delivery of photosensitizers. Ce6 was conjugated with 3-[3-(2-carboxyethoxy)-2,2-bis(2-carboxyethoxymethyl)propoxy]propanoic acid (tetra acid, or TA) to make Ce6 tetramer via selenocystamine linkages (TA-sese-Ce6 conjugates). In the carboxylic acid end group of the TA-sese-Ce6 conjugates, FA-PEG was attached again using selenocystamine linkages to make FA-PEG/TA-sese-Ce6 conjugates (abbreviated as FAPEGtaCe6 conjugates). Nanophotosensitizers were fabricated by a dialysis procedure. In the morphological observations, they showed spherical shapes with small diameters of less than 200 nm. Stability of the aqueous FAPEGtaCe6 nanophotosensitizer solution was maintained (i.e., their particle sizes were not significantly changed until 7 days later). When H2O2 was added to the nanophotosensitizer solution, the particle size distribution was changed from a monomodal pattern to a multimodal pattern. In addition, the fluorescence intensity and Ce6 release rate from the nanophotosensitizers were also increased by the addition of H2O2. These results indicated that the nanophotosensitizers had ROS-sensitive properties. In an in vitro cell culture study, an FAPEGtaCe6 nanophotosensitizer treatment against cancer cells increased the Ce6 uptake ratio, ROS generation and light-irradiated cytotoxicity (phototoxicity) compared with Ce6 alone against various cancer cells. When the folic acid was pretreated to block the folate receptors of the Y79 cells and KB cells (folate receptor-overexpressing cells), the intracellular Ce6 uptake, ROS generation and thereby phototoxicity were decreased, while the MCF-7 cells did not significantly respond to blocking of the folate receptors. These results indicated that they could be delivered by a folate receptor-mediated pathway. Furthermore, an in vivo pulmonary metastasis model using Y79 cells showed folate receptor-specific delivery of FAPEGtaCe6 nanophotosensitizers. When folic acid was pre-administered, the fluorescence intensity of the lungs was significantly decreased, indicating that the FAPEGtaCe6 nanophotosensitizers had folate receptor specificity in vitro and in vivo. We suggest that FAPEGtaCe6 nanophotosensitizers are promising candidates for a targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) approach against cancer cells.
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Lionaki E, Ploumi C, Tavernarakis N. One-Carbon Metabolism: Pulling the Strings behind Aging and Neurodegeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020214. [PMID: 35053330 PMCID: PMC8773781 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is a network of biochemical reactions delivering one-carbon units to various biosynthetic pathways. The folate cycle and methionine cycle are the two key modules of this network that regulate purine and thymidine synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, and epigenetic mechanisms. Intersection with the transsulfuration pathway supports glutathione production and regulation of the cellular redox state. Dietary intake of micronutrients, such as folates and amino acids, directly contributes to OCM, thereby adapting the cellular metabolic state to environmental inputs. The contribution of OCM to cellular proliferation during development and in adult proliferative tissues is well established. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence reveals the pivotal role of OCM in cellular homeostasis of non-proliferative tissues and in coordination of signaling cascades that regulate energy homeostasis and longevity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on OCM and related pathways and discuss how this metabolic network may impact longevity and neurodegeneration across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Lionaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Christina Ploumi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.L.); (C.P.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.L.); (C.P.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-391069
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25
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Lodhi MS, Khalid F, Khan MT, Samra ZQ, Muhammad S, Zhang YJ, Mou K. A Novel Method of Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with Anti-Folate Receptor Antibody and Methotrexate for Antibody Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery. Molecules 2022; 27:261. [PMID: 35011493 PMCID: PMC8747068 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic effects of anticancer medicines can be improved by targeting the specific receptors on cancer cells. Folate receptor (FR) targeting with antibody (Ab) is an effective tool to deliver anticancer drugs to the cancer cell. In this research project, a novel formulation of targeting drug delivery was designed, and its anticancer effects were analyzed. Folic acid-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were used for the purification of folate receptors through a novel magnetic affinity purification method. Antibodies against the folate receptors and methotrexate (MTX) were developed and characterized with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. Targeting nanomedicines (MNP-MTX-FR Ab) were synthesized by engineering the MNP with methotrexate and anti-folate receptor antibody (anti-FR Ab). The cytotoxicity of nanomedicines on HeLa cells was analyzed by calculating the % age cell viability. A fluorescent study was performed with HeLa cells and tumor tissue sections to analyze the binding efficacy and intracellular tracking of synthesized nanomedicines. MNP-MTX-FR Ab demonstrated good cytotoxicity along all the nanocomposites, which confirms that the antibody-coated medicine possesses the potential affinity to destroy cancer cells in the targeted drug delivery process. Immunohistochemical approaches and fluorescent study further confirmed their uptake by FRs on the tumor cells' surface in antibody-mediated endocytosis. The current approach is a useful addition to targeted drug delivery for better management of cancer therapy along with immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha Shahzad Lodhi
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54890, Pakistan; (F.K.); (Z.Q.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 58810, Pakistan;
| | - Fatima Khalid
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54890, Pakistan; (F.K.); (Z.Q.S.)
| | - Muhammad Tahir Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 58810, Pakistan;
| | - Zahoor Qadir Samra
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54890, Pakistan; (F.K.); (Z.Q.S.)
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yu-Juan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China;
| | - Kejie Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 402760, China
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26
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Singh M, Jindal D, Agarwal V, Pathak D, Sharma M, Pancham P, Mani S, Rachana. New phase therapeutic pursuits for targeted drug delivery in glioblastoma multiforme. Explor Target Antitumor Ther 2022; 3:866-888. [PMID: 36654821 PMCID: PMC9834280 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is known as the most aggressive and prevalent brain tumor with a high mortality rate. It is reported in people who are as young as 10 years old to as old as over 70 years old, exhibiting inter and intra tumor heterogeneity. There are several genomic and proteomic investigations that have been performed to find the unexplored potential targets of the drug against GBM. Therefore, certain effective targets have been taken to further validate the studies embarking on the robustness in the field of medicinal chemistry followed by testing in clinical trials. Also, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project has identified certain overexpressed targets involved in the pathogenesis of GBM in three major pathways, i.e., tumor protein 53 (p53), retinoblastoma (RB), and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/rat sarcoma virus (Ras)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. This review focuses on the compilation of recent developments in the fight against GBM thus, directing future research into the elucidation of pathogenesis and potential cure for GBM. Also, it highlights the potential biomarkers that have undergone extensive research and have promising prognostic and predictive values. Additionally, this manuscript analyses the advent of gene therapy and immunotherapy, unlocking the way to consider treatment approaches other than, or in addition to, conventional chemo-radiation therapies. This review study encompasses all the relevant research studies associated with the pathophysiology, occurrence, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic intervention for GBM. It highlights the evolution of various therapeutic perspectives against GBM from the most conventional form of radiotherapy to the recent advancement of gene/cell/immune therapy. Further, the review focuses on various targeted therapies for GBM including chemotherapy sensitization, radiotherapy, nanoparticles based, immunotherapy, cell therapy, and gene therapy which would offer a comprehensive account for exploring several facets related to GBM prognostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India,Correspondence: Manisha Singh, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India.
| | - Divya Jindal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Deepanshi Pathak
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Pranav Pancham
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Rachana
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
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27
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Shaw TK, Paul P. Recent approaches and success of liposome-based nanodrug carriers for the treatment of brain tumor. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:815-829. [PMID: 34961462 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666211213102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are nothing but a collection of neoplasms originated either from areas within the brain or from systemic metastasized tumors of other organs that have spread to the brain. It is a leading cause of death worldwide. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), and some other factors may limit the entry of many potential therapeutics into the brain tissues in tumor area at the therapeutic concentration required for satisfying effectiveness. Liposomes are taking an active role in delivering many drugs through the BBB into the tumor due to their nanosize and their physiological compatibility. Further, this colloidal carrier can encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs due to its unique structure. The surface of the liposomes can be modified with various ligands that are very specific to the numerous receptors overexpressed onto the BBB as well as onto the diseased tumor surface site (i.e., BBTB) to deliver selective drugs into the tumor site. Moreover, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect can be an added advantage for nanosize liposomes to concentrate into the tumor microenvironment through relatively leaky vasculature of solid tumor in the brain where no restriction of penetration applies compared to normal BBB. Here in this review, we have tried to compilethe recent advancement along with the associated challenges of liposomes containing different anticancer chemotherapeutics across the BBB/BBTB for the treatment of gliomas that will be very helpful for the readers for better understanding of different trends of brain tumor targeted liposomes-based drug delivery and for pursuing fruitful research on the similar research domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Shaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, Kolkata, West Bengal. India
| | - Paramita Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, West Bengal. India
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28
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Lynch MJ, Gobbo OL. Advances in Non-Animal Testing Approaches towards Accelerated Clinical Translation of Novel Nanotheranostic Therapeutics for Central Nervous System Disorders. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2632. [PMID: 34685073 PMCID: PMC8538557 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanotheranostics constitute a novel drug delivery system approach to improving systemic, brain-targeted delivery of diagnostic imaging agents and pharmacological moieties in one rational carrier platform. While there have been notable successes in this field, currently, the clinical translation of such delivery systems for the treatment of neurological disorders has been limited by the inadequacy of correlating in vitro and in vivo data on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation and biocompatibility of nanomaterials. This review aims to identify the most contemporary non-invasive approaches for BBB crossing using nanotheranostics as a novel drug delivery strategy and current non-animal-based models for assessing the safety and efficiency of such formulations. This review will also address current and future directions of select in vitro models for reducing the cumbersome and laborious mandate for testing exclusively in animals. It is hoped these non-animal-based modelling approaches will facilitate researchers in optimising promising multifunctional nanocarriers with a view to accelerating clinical testing and authorisation applications. By rational design and appropriate selection of characterised and validated models, ranging from monolayer cell cultures to organ-on-chip microfluidics, promising nanotheranostic particles with modular and rational design can be screened in high-throughput models with robust predictive power. Thus, this article serves to highlight abbreviated research and development possibilities with clinical translational relevance for developing novel nanomaterial-based neuropharmaceuticals for therapy in CNS disorders. By generating predictive data for prospective nanomedicines using validated in vitro models for supporting clinical applications in lieu of requiring extensive use of in vivo animal models that have notable limitations, it is hoped that there will be a burgeoning in the nanotherapy of CNS disorders by virtue of accelerated lead identification through screening, optimisation through rational design for brain-targeted delivery across the BBB and clinical testing and approval using fewer animals. Additionally, by using models with tissue of human origin, reproducible therapeutically relevant nanomedicine delivery and individualised therapy can be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Lynch
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Building, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oliviero L. Gobbo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Building, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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29
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Luiz MT, Delello Di Filippo L, Tofani LB, de Araújo JTC, Dutra JAP, Marchetti JM, Chorilli M. Highlights in targeted nanoparticles as a delivery strategy for glioma treatment. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120758. [PMID: 34090991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of Central Nervous System (CNS) neoplasia and it arises from glial cells. As glial cells are formed by different types of cells, glioma can be classified according to the cells that originate it or the malignancy grade. Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive glioma. The high lethality of this tumor is related to the difficulty in performing surgical removal, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in the CNS. To improve glioma treatment, a wide range of chemotherapeutics have been encapsulated in nanosystems to increase their ability to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and specifically reach the tumoral cells, reducing side effects and improving drug concentration in the tumor microenvironment. Several studies have investigated nanosystems covered with targeting ligands (e.g., proteins, peptides, aptamers, folate, and glucose) to increase the ability of drugs to cross the BBB and enhance their specificity to glioma through specific recognition by receptors on BBB and glioma cells. This review addresses the main targeting ligands used in nanosystems to overcome the BBB and promote the active targeting of drugs for glioma. Furthermore, the advantages of using these molecules in glioma treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Tavares Luiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Bueno Tofani
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Maldonado Marchetti
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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