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Hayashi H, Enami A, Fujita H, Kuroiwa S, Ohashi K, Kuwahara M, Osaka T, Momma T. Field-effect transistor biosensor with signal amplification by ternary initiation complexes for detection of wide-range RNA concentration. Talanta 2024; 273:125846. [PMID: 38452594 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Electrical detection of RNAs using transistor-based biosensors has attracted attention as a strategy for medical diagnosis and environmental monitoring. Herein, we demonstrated a proof-of-concept for specific, sensitive, and label-free RNA detection using a field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor with signal amplification by ternary initiation complexes (SATIC), which is an isothermal one-step nucleic acid amplification initiated by the combination of target RNA, circular DNA template and DNA primer. The SATIC system-applied FET biosensor specifically and quantitatively detected the target RNA with a single-nucleotide difference via the negative charges derived from the amplification products formed by a nucleic acid amplification reaction with φ29 DNA polymerase on the gate surface. In particular, the control of the amplification time allowed the detection of target RNA molecules over a wide concentration range, resulting in a detection limit of up to 6 copies/μL. Therefore, a transistor-based bioassay using the SATIC system could be useful for simple and sensitive nucleic acid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hayashi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Enami
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroto Fujita
- Graduate School of Integrated Basic Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kuroiwa
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Wasedatsurumaki-cho 513, Shinju-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
| | - Keishi Ohashi
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Wasedatsurumaki-cho 513, Shinju-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
| | - Masayasu Kuwahara
- Graduate School of Integrated Basic Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Osaka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Momma
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan; Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Wasedatsurumaki-cho 513, Shinju-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan.
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2
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Kassem S, Hamdy ME, Selim KM, Elmasry DMA, Shahein MA, El-Husseini DM. Development of Paper-Based Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensor for Rapid Detection of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus. Molecules 2024; 29:1676. [PMID: 38611955 PMCID: PMC11013595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a notifiable viral disease caused by Lumpy Skin Disease virus (LSDV). It is usually associated with high economic losses, including a loss of productivity, infertility, and death. LSDV shares genetic and antigenic similarities with Sheep pox virus (SPV) and Goat pox (GPV) virus. Hence, the LSDV traditional diagnostic tools faced many limitations regarding sensitivity, specificity, and cross-reactivity. Herein, we fabricated a paper-based turn-on fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) sensor for the rapid detection of LSDV. The LSDV-MIPs sensor showed strong fluorescent intensity signal enhancement in response to the presence of the virus within minutes. Our sensor showed a limit of detection of 101 log10 TCID50/mL. Moreover, it showed significantly higher specificity to LSDV relative to other viruses, especially SPV. To our knowledge, this is the first record of a paper-based rapid detection test for LSDV depending on fluorescent turn-on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samr Kassem
- Nanomaterials Research and Synthesis Unit, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mervat E. Hamdy
- Genome Research Unit, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Karim M. Selim
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Dalia M. A. Elmasry
- Nanomaterials Research and Synthesis Unit, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Momtaz A. Shahein
- Virology Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Dalia M. El-Husseini
- Nanomaterials Research and Synthesis Unit, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt
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3
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Panicker LR, Kummari S, Keerthanaa MR, Rao Bommi J, Koteshwara Reddy K, Yugender Goud K. Trends and challenges in electroanalytical biosensing methodologies for infectious viral diseases. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108594. [PMID: 37984310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Viral pandemic diseases have disruptive global consequences leading to millions of deaths and a severe impact on the global economy. Inadequate preventative protocols have led to an overwhelming demand for intensive care leading to uncontrollable burdens and even breakdown of healthcare sectors across many countries. The rapid detection of viral disease helps in the understanding of the relevant intricacies, helping to tackle infection with improved guidelines. Portable biosensor devices offer promising solutions by facilitating on-site detection of viral pathogens. This review summarizes the latest innovative strategies reported using electroanalytical methods for the screening of viral antigens. The structural components of viruses and their categories are presented followed by the various recognition elements and transduction techniques involved in biosensors. Core sections focus on biosensors reported for viral genomic detection(DNA and RNA) and antigenic capsid protein. Strategies for addressing the challenges of electroanalytical biosensing of viral components are also presented. The advantages, and disadvantages of biorecognition elements and nanozymes for the detection of viral disease are highlighted. Such technical insights will help researchers working in chemistry, and biochemistry as well as clinicians working in medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi R Panicker
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678 557, India
| | - Shekher Kummari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678 557, India
| | - M R Keerthanaa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678 557, India
| | | | - K Koteshwara Reddy
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - K Yugender Goud
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678 557, India.
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4
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Dhahi TS, Dafhalla AKY, Saad SA, Zayan DMI, Ahmed AET, Elobaid ME, Adam T, Gopinath SCB. The importance, benefits, and future of nanobiosensors for infectious diseases. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:429-445. [PMID: 38238920 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi, are crucial for efficient disease management, reducing morbidity and mortality rates and controlling disease spread. Traditional laboratory-based diagnostic methods face challenges such as high costs, time consumption, and a lack of trained personnel in resource-poor settings. Diagnostic biosensors have gained momentum as a potential solution, offering advantages such as low cost, high sensitivity, ease of use, and portability. Nanobiosensors are a promising tool for detecting and diagnosing infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis. These sensors use nanostructured carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanoparticles to detect specific biomarkers or pathogens. They operate through mechanisms like the lateral flow test platform, where a sample containing the biomarker or pathogen is applied to a test strip. If present, the sample binds to specific recognition probes on the strip, indicating a positive result. This binding event is visualized through a colored line. This review discusses the importance, benefits, and potential of nanobiosensors in detecting infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th S Dhahi
- Electronics Technical Department, Southern Technical University, Basra, Iraq
| | - Alaa Kamal Yousif Dafhalla
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan Ali Saad
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Tijjani Adam
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Advanced Communication Engineering, Centre of Excellence (ACE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Metternich JT, Hill B, Wartmann JAC, Ma C, Kruskop RM, Neutsch K, Herbertz S, Kruss S. Signal Amplification and Near-Infrared Translation of Enzymatic Reactions by Nanosensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316965. [PMID: 38100133 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic reactions are used to detect analytes in a range of biochemical methods. To measure the presence of an analyte, the enzyme is conjugated to a recognition unit and converts a substrate into a (colored) product that is detectable by visible (VIS) light. Thus, the lowest enzymatic turnover that can be detected sets a limit on sensitivity. Here, we report that substrates and products of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and β-galactosidase change the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence of (bio)polymer modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). They translate a VIS signal into a beneficial NIR signal. Moreover, the affinity of the nanosensors leads to a higher effective local concentration of the reactants. This causes a non-linear sensor-based signal amplification and translation (SENSAT). We find signal enhancement up to ≈120x for the HRP substrate p-phenylenediamine (PPD), which means that reactions below the limit of detection in the VIS can be followed in the NIR (≈1000 nm). The approach is also applicable to other substrates such as 3,3'-5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). An adsorption-based theoretical model fits the observed signals and corroborates the sensor-based enhancement mechanism. This approach can be used to amplify signals, translate them into the NIR and increase sensitivity of biochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus T Metternich
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Björn Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Janus A C Wartmann
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rebecca M Kruskop
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Krisztian Neutsch
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Svenja Herbertz
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Carl-Benz-Strasse 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
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6
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Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are versatile near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores. They are noncovalently modified to create sensors that change their fluorescence when interacting with biomolecules. However, noncovalent chemistry has several limitations and prevents a consistent way to molecular recognition and reliable signal transduction. Here, we introduce a widely applicable covalent approach to create molecular sensors without impairing the fluorescence in the NIR (>1000 nm). For this purpose, we attach single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) via guanine quantum defects as anchors to the SWCNT surface. A connected sequence without guanines acts as flexible capture probe allowing hybridization with complementary nucleic acids. Hybridization modulates the SWCNT fluorescence and the magnitude increases with the length of the capture sequence (20 > 10 ≫ 6 bases). The incorporation of additional recognition units via this sequence enables a generic route to NIR fluorescent biosensors with improved stability. To demonstrate the potential, we design sensors for bacterial siderophores and the SARS CoV-2 spike protein. In summary, we introduce covalent guanine quantum defect chemistry as rational design concept for biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus T Metternich
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | | | - Linda Sistemich
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert Nißler
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Svenja Herbertz
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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7
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Shrestha B, Tang L, Hood RL. Nanotechnology for Personalized Medicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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8
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Sengupta J, Hussain CM. Decadal Journey of CNT-Based Analytical Biosensing Platforms in the Detection of Human Viruses. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4132. [PMID: 36500755 PMCID: PMC9738197 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It has been proven that viral infections pose a serious hazard to humans and also affect social health, including morbidity and mental suffering, as illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The early detection and isolation of virally infected people are, thus, required to control the spread of viruses. Due to the outstanding and unparalleled properties of nanomaterials, numerous biosensors were developed for the early detection of viral diseases via sensitive, minimally invasive, and simple procedures. To that aim, viral detection technologies based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being developed as viable alternatives to existing diagnostic approaches. This article summarizes the advancements in CNT-based biosensors since the last decade in the detection of different human viruses, namely, SARS-CoV-2, dengue, influenza, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis. Finally, the shortcomings and benefits of CNT-based biosensors for the detection of viruses are outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip Sengupta
- Department of Electronic Science, Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri College, Kolkata 700033, India
| | - Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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9
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Balcı Leinen M, Lindenthal S, Heimfarth D, Zaumseil J. Networks of as-dispersed, polymer-wrapped (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes for selective Cu 2+ and glyphosate sensing. Nanoscale 2022; 14:13542-13550. [PMID: 36097951 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02517e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Networks of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be used as the transducing layer for sensors based on water-gated transistors. To add specific sensing capabilities, SWNTs are often functionalized with additional moieties or selective membranes are applied, thus increasing the complexity of the fabrication process. Here we demonstrate that drop-cast networks of monochiral (6,5) SWNTs, which are commonly dispersed in organic solvents with the polyfluorene-bipyridine copolymer PFO-BPy, can be employed directly and without additional functionalization or ion-selective membranes to detect Cu2+ ions over a wide range of concentrations in aqueous solutions. The observed voltage shifts of water-gated transistors with these (6,5) SWNT networks directly correlate with the cupric ion concentration. They result from induced n-doping due to the complexation of positive copper ions to the bipyridine units of the wrapping polymer. Furthermore, the competitive binding of Cu2+ to the herbicide glyphosate as well as to biologically relevant pyrophosphates can be used for the direct detection and quantification of these molecules at nano- to micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Balcı Leinen
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Lindenthal
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Heimfarth
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Ovais M, You M, Ahmad J, Djellabi R, Ali A, Akhtar MH, Abbas M, Chen C. Engineering carbon nanotubes for sensitive viral detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 153:116659. [PMID: 35527799 PMCID: PMC9054723 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections have been proven a severe threat to human beings, and the pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a societal health concern, including mental distress and morbidity. Therefore, the early diagnosis and differentiation of viral infections are the prerequisite for curbing the local and global spread of viruses. To this end, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based virus detection strategies are developed that provide feasible alternatives to conventional diagnostic techniques. Here in this review, an overview of the design and engineering of CNTs-based sensors for virus detection is summarized, followed by the nano-bio interactions used in developing biosensors. Then, we classify the viral sensors into covalently engineered CNTs, non-covalently engineered CNTs, and size-tunable CNTs arrays for viral detection, based on the type of CNTs-based nano-bio interfaces. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of CNTs-based sensors for virus detection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ovais
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, PR China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Min You
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, PR China,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jalal Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Ridha Djellabi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Gogi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Arbab Ali
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Mahmood Hassan Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences and Humanities, National University of Technology, Islamabad, 42000, Pakistan
| | - Manzar Abbas
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, PR China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China,GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, 510700, PR China,Corresponding author. CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, PR China
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11
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Abstract
Semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR), and the emission wavelength depends on their structure (chirality). Interactions with other molecules affect their fluorescence, which has successfully been used for SWCNT-based molecular sensors. So far, most such sensors are assembled from crude mixtures of different SWCNT chiralities, which causes polydisperse sensor responses as well as spectral congestion and limits their performance. The advent of chirality-pure SWCNTs is about to overcome this limitation and paves the way for the next generation of biosensors. Here, we discuss the first examples of chirality-pure SWCNT-based fluorescent biosensors. We introduce routes to such sensors via aqueous two-phase extraction-assisted purification of SWCNTs and highlight the critical interplay between purification and surface modification procedures. Applications include the NIR detection and imaging of neurotransmitters, reactive oxygen species, lipids, bacterial motives, and plant metabolites. Most importantly, we outline a path toward how such monodisperse (chirality-pure) sensors will enable advanced multiplexed sensing with enhanced bioanalytical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nißler
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Lab, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Ackermann
- Fraunhofer Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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12
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Abstract
Biosensors are powerful tools for modern basic research and biomedical diagnostics. Their development requires substantial input from the chemical sciences. Sensors or probes with an optical readout, such as fluorescence, offer rapid, minimally invasive sensing of analytes with high spatial and temporal resolution. The near‐infrared (NIR) region is beneficial because of the reduced background and scattering of biological samples (tissue transparency window) in this range. In this context, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have emerged as versatile NIR fluorescent building blocks for biosensors. Here, we provide an overview of advances in SWCNT‐based NIR fluorescent molecular sensors. We focus on chemical design strategies for diverse analytes and summarize insights into the photophysics and molecular recognition. Furthermore, different application areas are discussed—from chemical imaging of cellular systems and diagnostics to in vivo applications and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ackermann
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany.,Department EBS, University Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstrasse 81, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Justus T Metternich
- Physical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Herbertz
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
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13
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DiLillo AM, Chan KK, Sun XL, Ao G. Glycopolymer-Wrapped Carbon Nanotubes Show Distinct Interaction of Carbohydrates With Lectins. Front Chem 2022; 10:852988. [PMID: 35308788 PMCID: PMC8927622 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.852988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyconanomaterials with unique nanoscale property and carbohydrate functionality show vast potential in biological and biomedical applications. We investigated the interactions of noncovalent complexes of single-wall carbon nanotubes that are wrapped by disaccharide lactose-containing glycopolymers with the specific carbohydrate-binding proteins. The terminal galactose (Gal) of glycopolymers binds to the specific lectin as expected. Interestingly, an increased aggregation of nanotubes was also observed when interacting with a glucose (Glc) specific lectin, likely due to the removal of Glc groups from the surface of nanotubes resulting from the potential binding of the lectin to the Glc in the glycopolymers. This result indicates that the wrapping conformation of glycopolymers on the surface of nanotubes potentially allows improved accessibility of the Glc for specific lectins. Furthermore, it shows that the interaction between Glc groups in the glycopolymers and nanotubes play a key role in stabilizing the nanocomplexes. Overall, our results demonstrate that nanostructures can enable conformation-dependent interactions of glycopolymers and proteins and can potentially lead to the creation of versatile optical sensors for detecting carbohydrate-protein interactions with enhanced specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. DiLillo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ka Keung Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Geyou Ao, , orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-3971; Xue-Long Sun, , orcid.org/0000-0001-6483-1709
| | - Geyou Ao
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Geyou Ao, , orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-3971; Xue-Long Sun, , orcid.org/0000-0001-6483-1709
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14
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Ackermann J, Metternich JT, Herbertz S, Kruss S. Biosensing with Fluorescent Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ackermann
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
- Department EBS University Duisburg-Essen Bismarckstrasse 81 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Justus T. Metternich
- Physical Chemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Svenja Herbertz
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physical Chemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
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15
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Kelich P, Jeong S, Navarro N, Adams J, Sun X, Zhao H, Landry MP, Vuković L. Discovery of DNA-Carbon Nanotube Sensors for Serotonin with Machine Learning and Near-infrared Fluorescence Spectroscopy. ACS Nano 2022; 16:736-745. [PMID: 34928575 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
DNA-wrapped single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) conjugates have distinct optical properties leading to their use in biosensing and imaging applications. A critical limitation in the development of DNA-SWNT sensors is the current inability to predict unique DNA sequences that confer a strong analyte-specific optical response to these sensors. Here, near-infrared (nIR) fluorescence response data sets for ∼100 DNA-SWNT conjugates, narrowed down by a selective evolution protocol starting from a pool of ∼1010 unique DNA-SWNT candidates, are used to train machine learning (ML) models to predict DNA sequences with strong optical response to neurotransmitter serotonin. First, classifier models based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) are trained on sequence features to classify DNA ligands as either high response or low response to serotonin. Second, support vector machine (SVM) regression models are trained to predict relative optical response values for DNA sequences. Finally, we demonstrate with validation experiments that integrating the predictions of ensembles of the highest quality neural network classifiers (convolutional or artificial) and SVM regression models leads to the best predictions of both high and low response sequences. With our ML approaches, we discovered five DNA-SWNT sensors with higher fluorescence intensity response to serotonin than obtained previously. Overall, the explored ML approaches, shown to predict useful DNA sequences, can be used for discovery of DNA-based sensors and nanobiotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Kelich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968 United States
| | - Sanghwa Jeong
- School of Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
| | - Nicole Navarro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Jaquesta Adams
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968 United States
| | - Markita P Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, California 94702 United States
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158 United States
| | - Lela Vuković
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968 United States
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16
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Shrestha B, Tang L, Hood RL. Nanotechnology for Personalized Medicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_18-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Hofferber E, Meier J, Herrera N, Stapleton J, Calkins C, Iverson N. Detection of single walled carbon nanotube based sensors in a large mammal. Nanomedicine 2021; 40:102489. [PMID: 34740870 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
High resolution, rapid, and precise detection of biological analytes related to disease and infection is currently the focus of many researchers. Better biosensors could lead to earlier detection, more avenues of intervention, and higher efficacy of therapeutics, which would lead to better outcomes for all patients. One class of biosensors, single walled carbon nanotubes, is unique due to their nanoscale resolution, single molecule sensitivity, and reversibility for long term applications. While these biosensors have been successful in rodent models, to date, no study has shown successful sensor detection in a large animal. In this study, we show the first successful signal detection of single walled carbon nanotube-based sensors in a large mammal model. Using a relatively simple and cost-effective system, we were able to detect signals in nearly 70% of the sheep used in the study, marking an important steppingstone towards the use of SWNT-based sensors for clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hofferber
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Jakob Meier
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Nicolas Herrera
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Joseph Stapleton
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Chris Calkins
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Nicole Iverson
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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18
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Haque MA, Lavrik NV, Hensley D, Briggs DP, McFarlane N. Carbonized Polymer for Joule Heating Processing Towards Biosensor Development. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2021; 2021:7578-7581. [PMID: 34892844 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the experimental findings towards developing carbonized microelectrodes using a Joule heating process within a temperature window that is compatible with CMOS. Bridge-on-pillars polymer structures have been 3D-printed using two-photon polymerization (2PP). They have been annealed in various processing conditions to increase the fraction of carbon in the precursor material and to achieve appreciable electric conductivity so that they can be used to drive current to enable Joule heating. To evaluate the outcome of the processing sequences, Raman spectroscopy has been performed to assess the degree of carbonization. Such CMOS-compatible carbon electrodes are important for monolithic, low-cost biosensor development.Clinical relevance- This establishes the potential of carbonized polymer electrode for low-cost, CMOS-compatible monolithic biosensor platform for implementation in medical diagnosis and treatment.
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19
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Henderson E, Huynh G, Wilson K, Plebanski M, Corrie S. The Development of Nanoparticles for the Detection and Imaging of Ovarian Cancers. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1554. [PMID: 34829783 PMCID: PMC8615601 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains as one of the most lethal gynecological cancers to date, with major challenges associated with screening, diagnosis and treatment of the disease and an urgent need for new technologies that can meet these challenges. Nanomaterials provide new opportunities in diagnosis and therapeutic management of many different types of cancers. In this review, we highlight recent promising developments of nanoparticles designed specifically for the detection or imaging of ovarian cancer that have reached the preclinical stage of development. This includes contrast agents, molecular imaging agents and intraoperative aids that have been designed for integration into standard imaging procedures. While numerous nanoparticle systems have been developed for ovarian cancer detection and imaging, specific design criteria governing nanomaterial targeting, biodistribution and clearance from the peritoneal cavity remain key challenges that need to be overcome before these promising tools can accomplish significant breakthroughs into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Henderson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (E.H.); (G.H.)
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.W.); (M.P.)
| | - Gabriel Huynh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (E.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Kirsty Wilson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.W.); (M.P.)
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (K.W.); (M.P.)
| | - Simon Corrie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (E.H.); (G.H.)
- ARC Training Center for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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20
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Algar WR, Massey M, Rees K, Higgins R, Krause KD, Darwish GH, Peveler WJ, Xiao Z, Tsai HY, Gupta R, Lix K, Tran MV, Kim H. Photoluminescent Nanoparticles for Chemical and Biological Analysis and Imaging. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9243-9358. [PMID: 34282906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research related to the development and application of luminescent nanoparticles (LNPs) for chemical and biological analysis and imaging is flourishing. Novel materials and new applications continue to be reported after two decades of research. This review provides a comprehensive and heuristic overview of this field. It is targeted to both newcomers and experts who are interested in a critical assessment of LNP materials, their properties, strengths and weaknesses, and prospective applications. Numerous LNP materials are cataloged by fundamental descriptions of their chemical identities and physical morphology, quantitative photoluminescence (PL) properties, PL mechanisms, and surface chemistry. These materials include various semiconductor quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene derivatives, carbon dots, nanodiamonds, luminescent metal nanoclusters, lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles and downshifting nanoparticles, triplet-triplet annihilation nanoparticles, persistent-luminescence nanoparticles, conjugated polymer nanoparticles and semiconducting polymer dots, multi-nanoparticle assemblies, and doped and labeled nanoparticles, including but not limited to those based on polymers and silica. As an exercise in the critical assessment of LNP properties, these materials are ranked by several application-related functional criteria. Additional sections highlight recent examples of advances in chemical and biological analysis, point-of-care diagnostics, and cellular, tissue, and in vivo imaging and theranostics. These examples are drawn from the recent literature and organized by both LNP material and the particular properties that are leveraged to an advantage. Finally, a perspective on what comes next for the field is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Melissa Massey
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kelly Rees
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rehan Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katherine D Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ghinwa H Darwish
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - William J Peveler
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Zhujun Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hsin-Yun Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kelsi Lix
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael V Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hyungki Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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21
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Li H, Pang H, Zhang L, Mao J, Zhang W, Jiang J, Li P, Zhang Q. Ultrasensitive biosensing platform based on luminescence quenching ability of fullerenol quantum dots. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19690-19694. [PMID: 35479209 PMCID: PMC9033561 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01680f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An ultrasensitive biosensing platform for DNA and ochratoxin A (OTA) detection is constructed based on the luminescence quenching ability of fullerenol quantum dots (FOQDs) for the first time. As the surface of FOQDs is largely covered by hydroxyl groups, stable colloidal suspension of FOQDS in aqueous solution can be obtained, which is very advantageous for application in biosensing compared to nano-C60. FOQDs can effectively quench the fluorescence of dyes with different emission wavelengths that are tagged to bioprobes to an extent of more than 87% in aqueous buffer solution through a PET mechanism. Moreover, the nonspecific quenching of the fluorescent dyes (not bound to bioprobes) caused by FOQDs is negligible, so the background signal is extremely low which is beneficial for improving the detection sensitivity. Based on the π-π stacking interaction between FOQDs and bioprobes, such as single-stranded (ss) DNA and aptamers, a nucleic acid assay with a detection of limit of 15 pM and a highly sensitive OTA assay with a detection limit of 5 pg mL-1 in grape juice samples are developed through the simple "mix and measure" protocol based on luminescence quenching-and-recovery. This is the first demonstration of constructing biosensors utilizing the luminescence quenching ability of FOQDs through a PET mechanism, and the pronounced assay performance implies the promising potential of FOQDs in biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China +86-27-8681-2943 +86-27-8671-1839
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430062 China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin) Wuhan 430062 China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430062 China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Hua Pang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China +86-27-8681-2943 +86-27-8671-1839
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China +86-27-8681-2943 +86-27-8671-1839
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin) Wuhan 430062 China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China +86-27-8681-2943 +86-27-8671-1839
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin) Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China +86-27-8681-2943 +86-27-8671-1839
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin) Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China +86-27-8681-2943 +86-27-8671-1839
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin) Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China +86-27-8681-2943 +86-27-8671-1839
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430062 China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin) Wuhan 430062 China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430062 China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China +86-27-8681-2943 +86-27-8671-1839
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430062 China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin) Wuhan 430062 China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430062 China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430062 China
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22
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Podlesny B, Olszewska B, Yaari Z, Jena PV, Ghahramani G, Feiner R, Heller DA, Janas D. En route to single-step, two-phase purification of carbon nanotubes facilitated by high-throughput spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10618. [PMID: 34011997 PMCID: PMC8134628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is desirable for applications in many fields, but general utility is currently hampered by low throughput. We discovered a method to obtain single-chirality SWCNT enrichment by the aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) method in a single step. To achieve appropriate resolution, a biphasic system of non-ionic tri-block copolymer surfactant is varied with an ionic surfactant. A nearly-monochiral fraction of SWCNTs can then be harvested from the top phase. We also found, via high-throughput, near-infrared excitation-emission photoluminescence spectroscopy, that the parameter space of ATPE can be mapped to probe the mechanics of the separation process. Finally, we found that optimized conditions can be used for sorting of SWCNTs wrapped with ssDNA as well. Elimination of the need for surfactant exchange and simplicity of the separation process make the approach promising for high-yield generation of purified single-chirality SWCNT preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blazej Podlesny
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Barbara Olszewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Zvi Yaari
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prakrit V Jena
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Ghahramani
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ron Feiner
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Heller
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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23
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Abstract
Semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR) region, and the emission wavelength depends on their chirality (n,m). Interactions with the environment affect the fluorescence and can be tailored by functionalizing SWCNTs with biopolymers such as DNA, which is the basis for fluorescent biosensors. So far, such biosensors have been mainly assembled from mixtures of SWCNT chiralities with large spectral overlap, which affects sensitivity as well as selectivity and prevents multiplexed sensing. The main challenge to gain chirality-pure sensors has been to combine approaches to isolate specific SWCNTs and generic (bio)functionalization approaches. Here, we created chirality-pure SWCNT-based NIR biosensors for important analytes such as neurotransmitters and investigated the effect of SWCNT chirality/handedness as well as long-term stability and sensitivity. For this purpose, we used aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) to gain chirality-pure (6,5)-, (7,5)-, (9,4)-, and (7,6)-SWCNTs (emission at ∼990, 1040, 1115, and 1130 nm, respectively). An exchange of the surfactant sodium deoxycholate (DOC) to specific single-stranded (ss)DNA sequences yielded monochiral sensors for small analytes (dopamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, pH). DOC residues impaired sensitivity, and therefore substantial removal was necessary. The assembled monochiral (6,5)-SWCNTs were up to 10 times brighter than their nonpurified counterparts, and the ssDNA sequence determined the absolute fluorescence intensity as well as colloidal (long-term) stability and selectivity for the analytes. (GT)40-(6,5)-SWCNTs displayed the maximum fluorescence response to the neurotransmitter dopamine (+140%, Kd = 1.9 × 10-7 M) and a long-term stability of >14 days. The specific ssDNA sequences imparted selectivity to the analytes mostly independent of SWCNT chirality and handedness of (±) (6,5)-SWCNTs, which allowed a predictable design. Finally, multiple monochiral/single-color SWCNTs were combined to achieve ratiometric/multiplexed sensing of the important analytes dopamine, riboflavin, H2O2, and pH. In summary, we demonstrated the assembly, characteristics, and potential of monochiral (single-color) SWCNTs for NIR fluorescence sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nißler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Physical Chemistry II, Bochum University, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Larissa Kurth
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexander Spreinat
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ilyas Kuhlemann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Physical Chemistry II, Bochum University, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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24
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Hofferber E, Meier J, Herrera N, Stapleton J, Ney K, Francis B, Calkins C, Iverson N. Novel methods to extract and quantify sensors based on single wall carbon nanotube fluorescence from animal tissue and hydrogel-based platforms. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2021; 9:025005. [PMID: 33631740 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/abea07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sensors that can quickly and accurately diagnose and monitor human health are currently at the forefront of medical research. Single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) based optical biosensors are a growing area of research due to the high spatiotemporal resolution of their near infrared fluorescence leading to high tissue transparency and unparalleled sensitivity to analytes of interest. Unfortunately, due to the functionalization requirements of SWNT-based sensors, there are concerns surrounding accumulation and persistence when applied in vivo. In this study, we developed protocols to extract and quantify SWNT from complex solutions and show an 89% sensor retention by hydrogel platforms when implanted in vivo. Animal tissues of interest were also extracted and probed for SWNT content showing no accumulation (0.03 mg l-1 SWNT detection limit). The methods developed in this paper demonstrated one avenue for applying SWNT sensors in vivo without concern for accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hofferber
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
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25
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Singh A, Hua Hsu M, Gupta N, Khanra P, Kumar P, Prakash Verma V, Kapoor M. Derivatized Carbon Nanotubes for Gene Therapy in Mammalian and Plant Cells. Chempluschem 2021; 85:466-475. [PMID: 32159284 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The concept of gene vectors for therapeutic applications has been known for several years, but it is far from revealing its actual potential. With the advent of hollow cylindrical carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), researchers have invented several new tools to deliver genes at the required site of action in mammalian and plant cells. The ease of diversified functionalization has allowed CNTs to be by far the most adaptable non-viral vector for gene therapy. This Minireview addresses the dexterity with which CNTs undergo surface modifications and their applications as a potent vector in gene therapy of humans and plants. Specifically, we will discuss the new tools that scientific communities have invented to achieve gene therapy using plasmid DNA, RNA silencing, suicide gene therapy, and plant genetic engineering. Additionally, we will shed some light on the mechanism of gene transportation using carbon nanotubes in cancer cells and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhish Singh
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Ming Hua Hsu
- National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, R.O.C. Taiwan
| | - Neeraj Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Shoolni University, Solon, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Partha Khanra
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai-Jodhpuriya Road, Vanasthali, 304022, India
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
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Meier J, Stapleton J, Hofferber E, Haworth A, Kachman S, Iverson NM. Quantification of Nitric Oxide Concentration Using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensors. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:243. [PMID: 33477618 PMCID: PMC7831316 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical present in biological systems, can have many detrimental effects on the body, from inflammation to cancer. Due to NO's short half-life, detection and quantification is difficult. The inability to quantify NO has hindered researchers' understanding of its impact in healthy and diseased conditions. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), when wrapped in a specific single-stranded DNA chain, becomes selective to NO, creating a fluorescence sensor. Unfortunately, the correlation between NO concentration and the SWNT's fluorescence intensity has been difficult to determine due to an inability to immobilize the sensor without altering its properties. Through the use of a recently developed sensor platform, systematic studies can now be conducted to determine the correlation between SWNT fluorescence and NO concentration. This paper explains the methods used to determine the equations that can be used to convert SWNT fluorescence into NO concentration. Through the use of the equations developed in this paper, an easy method for NO quantification is provided. The methods outlined in this paper will also enable researchers to develop equations to determine the concentration of other reactive species through the use of SWNT sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Meier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (J.M.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (A.H.)
| | - Joseph Stapleton
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (J.M.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (A.H.)
| | - Eric Hofferber
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (J.M.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (A.H.)
| | - Abigail Haworth
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (J.M.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (A.H.)
| | - Stephen Kachman
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Nicole M. Iverson
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (J.M.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (A.H.)
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Yu J, Kuwentrai C, Huang JD, Xu C. Carbon-based nanomaterials for viral infection management. Biomicrofluidics 2021; 15:011501. [PMID: 33425089 PMCID: PMC7785324 DOI: 10.1063/5.0032427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene and nanodiamonds have demonstrated impressive physical and chemical properties, such as remarkable strength, corrosion resistance, and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and stability. Because of these unique characteristics, carbon nanomaterials are explored in a wide range of fields, including the diagnosis and treatment of viruses. As there are emerging concerns about the control of virus including Middle East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), this review highlights the recent development of carbon based-nanomaterials for the management of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chaiyaporn Kuwentrai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Chenjie Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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28
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Castillo-Henríquez L, Brenes-Acuña M, Castro-Rojas A, Cordero-Salmerón R, Lopretti-Correa M, Vega-Baudrit JR. Biosensors for the Detection of Bacterial and Viral Clinical Pathogens. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E6926. [PMID: 33291722 PMCID: PMC7730340 DOI: 10.3390/s20236926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are measurement devices that can sense several biomolecules, and are widely used for the detection of relevant clinical pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, showing outstanding results. Because of the latent existing risk of facing another pandemic like the one we are living through due to COVID-19, researchers are constantly looking forward to developing new technologies for diagnosis and treatment of infections caused by different bacteria and viruses. Regarding that, nanotechnology has improved biosensors' design and performance through the development of materials and nanoparticles that enhance their affinity, selectivity, and efficacy in detecting these pathogens, such as employing nanoparticles, graphene quantum dots, and electrospun nanofibers. Therefore, this work aims to present a comprehensive review that exposes how biosensors work in terms of bacterial and viral detection, and the nanotechnological features that are contributing to achieving a faster yet still efficient COVID-19 diagnosis at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Castillo-Henríquez
- National Center for High Technology (CeNAT), National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica;
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Mariana Brenes-Acuña
- Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (M.B.-A.); (A.C.-R.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Arianna Castro-Rojas
- Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (M.B.-A.); (A.C.-R.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Rolando Cordero-Salmerón
- Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (M.B.-A.); (A.C.-R.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Mary Lopretti-Correa
- Nuclear Research Center, Faculty of Science, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo 11300, Uruguay;
| | - José Roberto Vega-Baudrit
- National Center for High Technology (CeNAT), National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica;
- Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (M.B.-A.); (A.C.-R.); (R.C.-S.)
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29
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Abstract
Human-pathogenic viruses are still a chief reason for illness and death on the globe, as epitomized by the COVID-19 pandemic instigated by a coronavirus in 2020. Multiple novel sensors have been invented because diseases must be detected and diagnosed as early as possible, and recognition methods have to be carried out with minimal invasivity. Sensors have been particularly developed focusing on miniaturization by the use of nanomaterials for fabricating nanosensors. The nano-sized nature of nanomaterials and their exclusive optical, electronical, magnetical, and mechanical attributes can enhance patient care through the use of sensors with minimal invasivity and extreme sensitivity. Amongst the nanomaterials utilized for fabricating nano-sensors, carbon-based nanomaterials are promising as these sensors respond better to signals in various sensing settings. This review provides an overview of the recent developments in carbon nanomaterial-based biosensors for viral recognition based on the biomarkers that arise from the infection, the nucleic acids from the viruses, and the entire virus. The role of carbon nanomaterials is highlighted by the improvement of sensor and recognition functionality. The Dengue virus, Ebola virus, Hepatits virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus, Zika virus and Adenovirus are the virus types reviewed to illustrate the implementation of the techniques. Finally, the drawbacks and advantages of carbon nanomaterial-based biosensors for viral recognition are identified and discussed.
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30
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Jamalipour Soufi G, Iravani S. Nanomaterials against pathogenic viruses: greener and sustainable approaches. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1852252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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31
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Yaari Z, Cheung JM, Baker HA, Frederiksen RS, Jena PV, Horoszko CP, Jiao F, Scheuring S, Luo M, Heller DA. Nanoreporter of an Enzymatic Suicide Inactivation Pathway. Nano Lett 2020; 20:7819-7827. [PMID: 33119310 PMCID: PMC8177003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic suicide inactivation, a route of permanent enzyme inhibition, is the mechanism of action for a wide array of pharmaceuticals. Here, we developed the first nanosensor that selectively reports the suicide inactivation pathway of an enzyme. The sensor is based on modulation of the near-infrared fluorescence of an enzyme-bound carbon nanotube. The nanosensor responded selectively to substrate-mediated suicide inactivation of the tyrosinase enzyme via bathochromic shifting of the nanotube emission wavelength. Mechanistic investigations revealed that singlet oxygen generated by the suicide inactivation pathway induced the response. We used the nanosensor to quantify the degree of enzymatic inactivation by measuring response rates to small molecule tyrosinase modulators. This work resulted in a new capability of interrogating a specific route of enzymatic death. Potential applications include drug screening and hit-validation for compounds that elicit or inhibit enzymatic inactivation and single-molecule measurements to assess population heterogeneity in enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Yaari
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Justin M. Cheung
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Hanan A. Baker
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Rune S. Frederiksen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Prakrit V. Jena
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Christopher, P. Horoszko
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Fang Jiao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Simon Scheuring
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Minkui Luo
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Daniel A. Heller
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States
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32
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Gardner L, Warrington J, Rogan J, Rothwell DG, Brady G, Dive C, Kostarelos K, Hadjidemetriou M. The biomolecule corona of lipid nanoparticles contains circulating cell-free DNA. Nanoscale Horiz 2020; 5:1476-1486. [PMID: 32853302 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous adsorption of biomolecules onto the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) in complex physiological biofluids has been widely investigated over the last decade. Characterisation of the protein composition of the 'biomolecule corona' has dominated research efforts, whereas other classes of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, have received no interest. Scarce, speculative statements exist in the literature about the presence of nucleic acids in the biomolecule corona, with no previous studies attempting to describe the contribution of genomic content to the blood-derived NP corona. Herein, we provide the first experimental evidence of the interaction of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) with lipid-based NPs upon their incubation with human plasma samples, obtained from healthy volunteers and ovarian carcinoma patients. Our results also demonstrate an increased amount of detectable cfDNA in patients with cancer. Proteomic analysis of the same biomolecule coronas revealed the presence of histone proteins, suggesting an indirect, nucleosome-mediated NP-cfDNA interaction. The finding of cfDNA as part of the NP corona, offers a previously unreported new scope regarding the chemical composition of the 'biomolecule corona' and opens up new possibilities for the potential exploitation of the biomolecule corona for the enrichment and analysis of blood-circulating nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois Gardner
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, UK.
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33
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Shumeiko V, Paltiel Y, Bisker G, Hayouka Z, Shoseyov O. A nanoscale paper-based near-infrared optical nose (NIRON). Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 172:112763. [PMID: 33166802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Electronic noses (e-nose) and optical noses (o-nose) are two emerging approaches for the development of artificial olfactory systems for flavor and smell evaluation. The current work leverages the unique optical properties of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to develop a prototype of a novel paper-based near-infrared optical nose (NIRON). We have drop-dried an array of SWCNTs encapsulated with a wide variety of peptides on a paper substrate and continuously imaged the emitted SWCNTs fluorescence using a CMOS camera. Odors and different volatile molecules were passed above the array in a flow chamber, resulting in unique modulation patterns of the SWCNT photoluminescence (PL). Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements performed in parallel confirmed the direct binding between the vapor molecules and the peptide-SWCNTs. PL levels measured before and during exposure demonstrate distinct responses to the four tested alcoholic vapors (ethanol, methanol, propanol, and isopropanol). In addition, machine learning tools directly applied to the fluorescence images allow us to distinguish between the aromas of red wine, beer, and vodka. Further, we show that the developed sensor can detect limonene, undecanal, and geraniol vapors, and differentiate between their smells utilizing the PL response pattern. This novel paper-based optical biosensor provides data in real-time, and is recoverable and suitable for working at room temperature and in a wide range of humidity levels. This platform opens new avenues for real-time sensing of volatile chemical compounds, odors, and flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Shumeiko
- Department of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Applied Physics Department, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi Hayouka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- Department of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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Shumeiko V, Paltiel Y, Bisker G, Hayouka Z, Shoseyov O. A Paper-Based Near-Infrared Optical Biosensor for Quantitative Detection of Protease Activity Using Peptide-Encapsulated SWCNTs. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20185247. [PMID: 32937986 PMCID: PMC7570893 DOI: 10.3390/s20185247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A protease is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids. As crucial elements in many biological processes, proteases have been shown to be informative biomarkers for several pathological conditions in humans, animals, and plants. Therefore, fast, reliable, and cost-effective protease biosensors suitable for point-of-care (POC) sensing may aid in diagnostics, treatment, and drug discovery for various diseases. This work presents an affordable and simple paper-based dipstick biosensor that utilizes peptide-encapsulated single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for protease detection. Upon enzymatic digestion of the peptide, a significant drop in the photoluminescence (PL) of the SWCNTs was detected. As the emitted PL is in the near-infrared region, the developed biosensor has a good signal to noise ratio in biological fluids. One of the diseases associated with abnormal protease activity is pancreatitis. In acute pancreatitis, trypsin concentration could reach up to 84 µg/mL in the urine. For proof of concept, we demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed biosensor for the detection of the abnormal levels of trypsin activity in urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Shumeiko
- Department of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Applied Physics Department, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel;
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Zvi Hayouka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (O.S.)
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- Department of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (O.S.)
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35
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Pai NP, Karellis A, Kim J, Peter T. Modern diagnostic technologies for HIV. Lancet HIV 2020; 7:e574-81. [PMID: 32763220 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel diagnostic technologies, including nanotechnology, microfluidics, -omics science, next-generation sequencing, genomics big data, and machine learning, could contribute to meeting the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets to end the HIV epidemic by 2030. Novel technologies include multiplexed technologies (including biomarker-based point-of-care tests and molecular platform technologies), biomarker-based combination antibody and antigen technologies, dried-blood-spot testing, and self-testing. Although biomarker-based rapid tests, in particular antibody-based tests, have dominated HIV diagnostics since the development of the first HIV test in the mid-1980s, targets such as nucleic acids and genes are now used in nanomedicine, biosensors, microfluidics, and -omics to enable early diagnosis of HIV. These novel technologies show promise as they are associated with ease of use, high diagnostic accuracy, rapid detection, and the ability to detect HIV-specific markers. Additional clinical and implementation research is needed to generate evidence for use of novel technologies and a public health approach will be required to address clinical and operational challenges to optimise their global deployment.
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Yuan X, Yang C, He Q, Chen J, Yu D, Li J, Zhai S, Qin Z, Du K, Chu Z, Qin P. Current and Perspective Diagnostic Techniques for COVID-19. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1998-2016. [PMID: 32677821 PMCID: PMC7409380 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since late December 2019, the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19; previously known as 2019-nCoV) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been surging rapidly around the world. With more than 1,700,000 confirmed cases, the world faces an unprecedented economic, social, and health impact. The early, rapid, sensitive, and accurate diagnosis of viral infection provides rapid responses for public health surveillance, prevention, and control of contagious diffusion. More than 30% of the confirmed cases are asymptomatic, and the high false-negative rate (FNR) of a single assay requires the development of novel diagnostic techniques, combinative approaches, sampling from different locations, and consecutive detection. The recurrence of discharged patients indicates the need for long-term monitoring and tracking. Diagnostic and therapeutic methods are evolving with a deeper understanding of virus pathology and the potential for relapse. In this Review, a comprehensive summary and comparison of different SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic methods are provided for researchers and clinicians to develop appropriate strategies for the timely and effective detection of SARS-CoV-2. The survey of current biosensors and diagnostic devices for viral nucleic acids, proteins, and particles and chest tomography will provide insight into the development of novel perspective techniques for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yuan
- Center
of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chengming Yang
- Southern
University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qian He
- Center
of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Junhu Chen
- National
Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese
Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Center
of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Department
of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center
of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Kunming
Dog Base of Police Security, Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Shiyao Zhai
- Center
of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhifeng Qin
- Animal &
Plant Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Shenzhen Customs District People’s Republic of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518045, China
| | - Ke Du
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute
of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Zhenhai Chu
- Southern
University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Center
of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Aung YY, Kristanti AN, Khairunisa SQ, Nasronudin N, Fahmi MZ. Inactivation of HIV-1 Infection through Integrative Blocking with Amino Phenylboronic Acid Attributed Carbon Dots. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4490-4501. [PMID: 33455181 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current antiretroviral HIV therapies continue to have problems related to procedural complications, toxicity, and uncontrolled side effects. In this study, amino phenylboronic acid-modified carbon dots (APBA-CDs) were introduced as a new nanoparticle-based on gp120 targeting that inhibits HIV-1 entry processes. Prolonged by simple pyrolysis for preparing carbon dots, this report further explores attributing amino phenylboronic acid on carbon dots, which prove the formation of graphene-like structures on carbon dots and boronic acid sites, thereby enabling the enhancement of positive optical properties through photoluminescent detection. Aside from performing well in terms of biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity (the CC50 reach up to 11.2 mg/mL), APBA-CDs exhibited superior capabilities in terms of prohibiting HIV-1 entry onto targeted MOLT-4 cells recognized by the delimitations of syncitia formation and higher ATP signal rather than bare carbon dots. The modified carbon dots also promote dual-action on HIV-1 treatment by both intracellularly and extracellularly viral blocking by combining with the Duviral drug, along with compressing p24 antigen signals that are better than APBA-CDs and Duviral itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu Aung
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Mochamad Zakki Fahmi
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.,Supra Modification Nano-micro Engineering Research Group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Dinarvand M, Elizarova S, Daniel J, Kruss S. Imaging of Monoamine Neurotransmitters with Fluorescent Nanoscale Sensors. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1465-1480. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meshkat Dinarvand
- Institute of Physical ChemistryGöttingen University Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sofia Elizarova
- Department of Molecular NeurobiologyMax Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - James Daniel
- Department of Molecular NeurobiologyMax Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Institute of Physical ChemistryGöttingen University Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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40
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Ganbat K, Pan D, Chen K, Ning Z, Xing L, Zhang Y, Shen Y. One-pot electrografting preparation of bifunctionalized carbon nanotubes for sensitive electrochemical immunosensing. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Payal Kesharwani
- Ram-Eesh Institute of Vocational and Technical Education, Knowledge Park I, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deeksha Soni
- Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy, Datia, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aakanchha Jain
- Bhagyodaya Tirth Pharmacy College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Ozer T, Geiss BJ, Henry CS. Review-Chemical and Biological Sensors for Viral Detection. J Electrochem Soc 2020; 167:037523. [PMID: 32287357 PMCID: PMC7106559 DOI: 10.1149/2.0232003jes] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases commonly occur in contaminated water, food, and bodily fluids and spread rapidly, resulting in death of humans and animals worldwide. Among infectious agents, viruses pose a serious threat to public health and global economy because they are often difficult to detect and their infections are hard to treat. Since it is crucial to develop rapid, accurate, cost-effective, and in-situ methods for early detection viruses, a variety of sensors have been reported so far. This review provides an overview of the recent developments in electrochemical sensors and biosensors for detecting viruses and use of these sensors on environmental, clinical and food monitoring. Electrochemical biosensors for determining viruses are divided into four main groups including nucleic acid-based, antibody-based, aptamer-based and antigen-based electrochemical biosensors. Finally, the drawbacks and advantages of each type of sensors are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Ozer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, USA
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemistry-Metallurgy, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Brian J Geiss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, USA
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, USA
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Hendler-Neumark A, Bisker G. Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Protein Detection. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E5403. [PMID: 31817932 PMCID: PMC6960995 DOI: 10.3390/s19245403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanosensors have a central role in recent approaches to molecular recognition in applications like imaging, drug delivery systems, and phototherapy. Fluorescent nanoparticles are particularly attractive for such tasks owing to their emission signal that can serve as optical reporter for location or environmental properties. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) fluoresce in the near-infrared part of the spectrum, where biological samples are relatively transparent, and they do not photobleach or blink. These unique optical properties and their biocompatibility make SWCNTs attractive for a variety of biomedical applications. Here, we review recent advancements in protein recognition using SWCNTs functionalized with either natural recognition moieties or synthetic heteropolymers. We emphasize the benefits of the versatile applicability of the SWCNT sensors in different systems ranging from single-molecule level to in-vivo sensing in whole animal models. Finally, we discuss challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
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Liu X, Zhou X, Xia X, Xiang H. Catalytic hairpin assembly-based double-end DNAzyme cascade-feedback amplification for sensitive fluorescence detection of HIV-1 DNA. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1096:159-165. [PMID: 31883582 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a simple all-nucleic acid cascade-feedback amplification strategy for homogeneous and protein enzyme-free fluorescence detection of HIV-1 related DNA (HIV-1 DNA) has been proposed by integrating catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) circuit with double-end Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme autocatalytic feedback amplification. Here, the active double-end DNAzyme assemblies were derived from target-catalyzed CHA circuit, which further circularly cleaved the ribonucleotide-containing quenched fluorogenic hairpin substrates to generate distinctly amplified fluorescence signal. Meanwhile, the released quencher-labeled fragments as target DNA analogues were also able to autocatalyze CHA-DNAzyme reaction process, thus improving the determination sensitivity of HIV-1 DNA. The result demonstrated that the fluorescence intensity increment of double-end DNAzyme was over 3 times higher than that of single-end DNAzyme. The sensing method displayed a good linear range from 1 pM to 2 nM with a detectable minimum concentration of 1 pM and high specificity towards different mismatched target DNAs. Moreover, the practical application potential of the proposed method for target DNA detection in complex biological matrices was also assessed. Considering the appealing feature of programmable nucleic acids in CHA-DNAzyme sensing platform, the current strategy may provide a prospective design for detection of broad-spectrum nucleic acid biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xinyu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Hua Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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