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Ji Y, Chen W, Yan D, Bullock J, Xu Y, Su Z, Yang W, Laird JS, Zheng T, Wu N, Zha W, Luo Q, Ma CQ, Smith TA, Liu F, Mulvaney P. An ITO-Free Kesterite Solar Cell. Small 2024; 20:e2307242. [PMID: 37771206 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic thin film solar cells based on kesterite Cu2 ZnSn(S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) have reached 13.8% sunlight-to-electricity conversion efficiency. However, this efficiency is still far from the Shockley-Queisser radiative limit and is hindered by the significant deficit in open circuit voltage (VOC ). The presence of high-density interface states between the absorber layer and buffer or window layer leads to the recombination of photogenerated carriers, thereby reducing effective carrier collection. To tackle this issue, a new window structure ZnO/AgNW/ZnO/AgNW (ZAZA) comprising layers of ZnO and silver nanowires (AgNWs) is proposed. This structure offers a simple and low-damage processing method, resulting in improved optoelectronic properties and junction quality. The ZAZA-based devices exhibit enhanced VOC due to the higher built-in voltage (Vbi ) and reduced interface recombination compared to the usual indium tin oxide (ITO) based structures. Additionally, improved carrier collection is demonstrated as a result of the shortened collection paths and the more uniform carrier lifetime distribution. These advances enable the fabrication of the first ITO-free CZTSSe solar cells with over 10% efficiency without an anti-reflective coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Ji
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Wangxian Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Di Yan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - James Bullock
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Yang Xu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Zhenghua Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wentong Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jamie Stuart Laird
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Tian Zheng
- The Materials Characterisation and Fabrication Platform, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Na Wu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Wusong Zha
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qun Luo
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Trevor A Smith
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Fangyang Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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2
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Gonçalves BF, Sousa V, Virtuoso J, Modin E, Lebedev OI, Botelho G, Sadewasser S, Salonen LM, Lanceros-Méndez S, Kolen'ko YV. Towards All-Non-Vacuum-Processed Photovoltaic Systems: A Water-Based Screen-Printed Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 Photoabsorber with a 6.6% Efficiency. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1920. [PMID: 37446436 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
During the last few decades, major advances have been made in photovoltaic systems based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 chalcopyrite. However, the most efficient photovoltaic cells are processed under high-energy-demanding vacuum conditions. To lower the costs and facilitate high-throughput production, printing/coating processes are proving to be effective solutions. This work combined printing, coating, and chemical bath deposition processes of photoabsorber, buffer, and transparent conductive layers for the development of solution-processed photovoltaic systems. Using a sustainable approach, all inks were formulated using water and ethanol as solvents. Screen printing of the photoabsorber on fluorine-doped tin-oxide-coated glass followed by selenization, chemical bath deposition of the cadmium sulfide buffer, and final sputtering of the intrinsic zinc oxide and aluminum-doped zinc oxide top conductive layers delivered a 6.6% maximum efficiency solar cell, a record for screen-printed Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. On the other hand, the all-non-vacuum-processed device with spray-coated intrinsic zinc-oxide- and tin-doped indium oxide top conductive layers delivered a 2.2% efficiency. The given approaches represent relevant steps towards the fabrication of sustainable and efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna F Gonçalves
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
- Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Center of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Viviana Sousa
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - José Virtuoso
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Evgeny Modin
- CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Oleg I Lebedev
- Laboratorie CRISMAT, UMR 6508, CNRS-ENSICAEN, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Gabriela Botelho
- Center of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sascha Sadewasser
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Laura M Salonen
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Yury V Kolen'ko
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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Liu Y, Zeder S, Lin S, Carron R, Grossmann G, Bolat S, Nishiwaki S, Clemens F, Graule T, Tiwari AN, Wu H, Romanyuk YE. Draw-spun, photonically annealed Ag fibers as alternative electrodes for flexible CIGS solar cells. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2018; 20:26-34. [PMID: 30719183 PMCID: PMC6346713 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2018.1552480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We explore the feasibility of Ag fiber meshes as electron transport layer for high-efficiency flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. Woven meshes of Ag fibers after UV illumination and millisecond flash-lamp treatment results in a sheet resistance of 17 Ω/sq and a visible transmittance above 85%. Conductive Ag meshes are integrated into flexible CIGS cells as transparent conductive electrode (TCE) alone or together with layers of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) with various thickness of 0…900 nm. The Ag mesh alone is not able to function as a current collector. If used together with a thin AZO layer (50 nm), the Ag mesh markedly improves the fill factor and cell efficiency, in spite of the adverse mesh shadowing. When Ag mesh is combined with thicker (200 nm or 900 nm) AZO layers, no improvements in photovoltaic parameters are obtained. When comparing a hybrid TCE consisting of 50 nm AZO and Ag fiber mesh with a thick 900 nm reference AZO device, an improved charge carrier collection in the near-infrared range is observed. Regardless of the AZO thickness, the presence of Ag mesh slows down cell degradation upon mechanical tensile stress, which could be interesting for implementation into flexible thin film CIGS modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Liu
- Laboratory for Thin films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Simon Zeder
- Laboratory for Thin films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Romain Carron
- Laboratory for Thin films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Günter Grossmann
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sami Bolat
- Laboratory for Thin films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shiro Nishiwaki
- Laboratory for Thin films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Frank Clemens
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Graule
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ayodhya N. Tiwari
- Laboratory for Thin films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaroslav E. Romanyuk
- Laboratory for Thin films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Wang J, Jiu J, Zhang S, Sugahara T, Nagao S, Suganuma K, He P. The comprehensive effects of visible light irradiation on silver nanowire transparent electrode. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:435701. [PMID: 30047924 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent electrode is one of the promising components for flexible electronics due to its high electrical and thermal conductivity, optical transparency and flexibility. However, the application of the AgNW electrode with an improved performance is generally limited by its poor long-term stability. As the name suggests, the transparent electrode is usually exposed to visible light in various applications. Unlike other electrode materials, AgNWs show unique and complicated behavior under long-term visible light illumination. In this study, the comprehensive effect of visible light irradiation on the AgNW transparent electrode is initially investigated in detail. Light irradiation induces the migration of silver to enhance the nanowire contacts while also leading to the generation and growth of particles and diameter loss in the nanowire. Light irradiation accelerates the sulfidation and oxidation of the AgNWs as well, resulting in the emergence of degradation products on the nanowire surface. All these effects influence the sheet resistance of the AgNW electrode during light illumination. The light-induced change of sheet resistance also relates to the nanowire concentration due to the sensitivity of the wire-wire contact resistance near the percolation threshold. It is believed that this work will be a valuable reference for the design, processing and application of transparent electrodes used in numerous optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China. The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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5
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Mrinalini M, Islavath N, Prasanthkumar S, Giribabu L. Stipulating Low Production Cost Solar Cells All Set to Retail…! CHEM REC 2018; 19:661-674. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madoori Mrinalini
- Polymer and Functional Materials DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka Hyderabad- 500007 Telangana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) New Delhi
| | - Nanaji Islavath
- Polymer and Functional Materials DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka Hyderabad- 500007 Telangana India
| | - Seelam Prasanthkumar
- Polymer and Functional Materials DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka Hyderabad- 500007 Telangana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) New Delhi
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymer and Functional Materials DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka Hyderabad- 500007 Telangana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) New Delhi
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6
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Singh M, Prasher P, Suganuma K. Fabrication of dense CIGS film by mixing two types of nanoparticles for solar cell application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Abstract
This review captures the synthesis, assembly, properties, and applications of copper chalcogenide NCs, which have achieved significant research interest in the last decade due to their compositional and structural versatility. The outstanding functional properties of these materials stems from the relationship between their band structure and defect concentration, including charge carrier concentration and electronic conductivity character, which consequently affects their optoelectronic, optical, and plasmonic properties. This, combined with several metastable crystal phases and stoichiometries and the low energy of formation of defects, makes the reproducible synthesis of these materials, with tunable parameters, remarkable. Further to this, the review captures the progress of the hierarchical assembly of these NCs, which bridges the link between their discrete and collective properties. Their ubiquitous application set has cross-cut energy conversion (photovoltaics, photocatalysis, thermoelectrics), energy storage (lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen generation), emissive materials (plasmonics, LEDs, biolabelling), sensors (electrochemical, biochemical), biomedical devices (magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computer tomography), and medical therapies (photochemothermal therapies, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and drug delivery). The confluence of advances in the synthesis, assembly, and application of these NCs in the past decade has the potential to significantly impact society, both economically and environmentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coughlan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adria de Besos , Jardins de les Dones de Negre n.1, Pl. 2, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleksandr Dobrozhan
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adria de Besos , Jardins de les Dones de Negre n.1, Pl. 2, 08930 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Electronics and Computing, Sumy State University , 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova st., 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Ajay Singh
- Materials Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adria de Besos , Jardins de les Dones de Negre n.1, Pl. 2, 08930 Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
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Kortshagen UR, Sankaran RM, Pereira RN, Girshick SL, Wu JJ, Aydil ES. Nonthermal Plasma Synthesis of Nanocrystals: Fundamental Principles, Materials, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11061-127. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe R. Kortshagen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - R. Mohan Sankaran
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Rui N. Pereira
- Department
of Physics and I3N, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Walter
Schottky Institut and Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Steven L. Girshick
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jeslin J. Wu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Eray S. Aydil
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Wang M, Choy KL. All-Nonvacuum-Processed CIGS Solar Cells Using Scalable Ag NWs/AZO-Based Transparent Electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:16640-16648. [PMID: 27299854 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With record cell efficiency of 21.7%, CIGS solar cells have demonstrated to be a very promising photovoltaic (PV) technology. However, their market penetration has been limited due to the inherent high cost of the cells. In this work, to lower the cost of CIGS solar cells, all nonvacuum-processed CIGS solar cells were designed and developed. CIGS absorber was prepared by the annealing of electrodeposited metallic layers in a chalcogen atmosphere. Nonvacuum-deposited Ag nanowires (NWs)/AZO transparent electrodes (TEs) with good transmittance (92.0% at 550 nm) and high conductivity (sheet resistance of 20 Ω/□) were used to replace the vacuum-sputtered window layer. Additional thermal treatment after device preparation was conducted at 220 °C for a few of minutes to improve both the value and the uniformity of the efficiency of CIGS pixel cell on 5 × 5 cm substrate. The best performance of the all-nonvacuum-fabricated CIGS solar cells showed an efficiency of 14.05% with Jsc of 34.82 mA/cm(2), Voc of 0.58 V, and FF of 69.60%, respectively, which is comparable with the efficiency of 14.45% of a reference cell using a sputtered window layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Wang
- UCL Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London , Roberts Building, Malet Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Kwang-Leong Choy
- UCL Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London , Roberts Building, Malet Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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10
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Singh M, Rana TR, Kim S, Kim K, Yun JH, Kim J. Silver Nanowires Binding with Sputtered ZnO to Fabricate Highly Conductive and Thermally Stable Transparent Electrode for Solar Cell Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:12764-71. [PMID: 27149372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) film has been demonstrated as excellent and low cost transparent electrode in organic solar cells as an alternative to replace scarce and expensive indium tin oxide (ITO). However, the low contact area and weak adhesion with low-lying surface as well as junction resistance between nanowires have limited the applications of AgNW film to thin film solar cells. To resolve this problem, we fabricated AgNW film as transparent conductive electrode (TCE) by binding with a thin layer of sputtered ZnO (40 nm) which not only increased contact area with low-lying surface in thin film solar cell but also improved conductivity by connecting AgNWs at the junction. The TCE thus fabricated exhibited transparency and sheet resistance of 92% and 20Ω/□, respectively. Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) study revealed the enhancement of current collection vertically and laterally through AgNWs after coating with ZnO thin film. The CuInGaSe2 solar cell with TCE of our AgNW(ZnO) demonstrated the maximum power conversion efficiency of 13.5% with improved parameters in comparison to solar cell fabricated with conventional ITO as TCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Singh
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University , 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Tanka R Rana
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University , 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - SeongYeon Kim
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University , 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihwan Kim
- Photovoltaic Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) , 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Yun
- Photovoltaic Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) , 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - JunHo Kim
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University , 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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Wang J, Jiu J, Sugahara T, Nagao S, Nogi M, Koga H, He P, Suganuma K, Uchida H. Highly Reliable Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrode Employing Selectively Patterned Barrier Shaped by Self-Masked Photolithography. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:23297-23304. [PMID: 26419188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The transparent electrode based on silver nanowire (AgNW) networks is one promising alternative of indium tin oxide film in particular for advanced flexible and printable electronics. However, the widespread application of AgNW electrode is hindered by its poor long-term reliability. Although the reliability can be improved by applying traditional overcoating layer or the core-shell structure, the transmittance or conductivity is inevitably undermined. In this paper, a novel patterned barrier of photoresist in situ assembled on the nanowire surface realized the reliability enhancement by simply employing AgNWs themselves as the mask in the photolithography process. The patterned barrier selectively covered the nanowires, while keeping the high transmittance and conductivity unchanged and improving the adhesion of AgNW networks on substrate. After 720 h storage in 85 °C/85% relative humidity (RH) environment, the resistance of electrode with patterned barrier only increased by 0.72 times. This study proposes a new way, i.e., the in situ patterned barrier containing light-sensitive substance, to selectively protect AgNW networks, which can be expanded to various metallic networks including nanowires, nanorods, nanocables, electrospun nanofibers, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Jinting Jiu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tohru Sugahara
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shijo Nagao
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masaya Nogi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Katsuaki Suganuma
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchida
- Institute for Polymers and Chemicals Business Development Center, Showa Denko K.K. , Ichihara, Chiba 290-0067, Japan
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