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Sherstiuk A, Lledós A, Lönnecke P, Hernando J, Sebastián RM, Hey-Hawkins E. Dithienylethene-Based Photoswitchable Phosphines for the Palladium-Catalyzed Stille Coupling Reaction. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7652-7664. [PMID: 38624066 PMCID: PMC11061837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Homogeneous transition metal catalysis is a constantly developing field in chemical sciences. A growing interest in this area is photoswitchable catalysis, which pursues in situ modulation of catalyst activity through noninvasive light irradiation. Phosphorus ligands are excellent targets to accomplish this goal by introducing photoswitchable moieties; however, only a limited number of examples have been reported so far. In this work, we have developed a series of palladium complexes capable of catalyzing the Stille coupling reaction that contain photoisomerizable phosphine ligands based on dithienylethene switches. Incorporation of electron-withdrawing substituents into these dithienylethene moieties allows variation of the electron density on the phosphorus atom of the ligands upon light irradiation, which in turn leads to a modulation of the catalytic properties of the formed complexes and their activity in a model Stille coupling reaction. These results are supported by theoretical computations, which show that the energy barriers for the rate-determining steps of the catalytic cycle decrease when the photoswitchable phosphine ligands are converted to their closed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Sherstiuk
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Sebastián
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Dupont J, Leal BC, Lozano P, Monteiro AL, Migowski P, Scholten JD. Ionic Liquids in Metal, Photo-, Electro-, and (Bio) Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 38661578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have unique physicochemical properties that make them advantageous for catalysis, such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability, high thermal and chemical stabilities, and the ability to enhance the activity and stability of (bio)catalysts. ILs can improve the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of bio(transformations) by acting as activators of enzymes, selectively dissolving substrates and products, and reducing toxicity. They can also be recycled and reused multiple times without losing their effectiveness. ILs based on imidazolium cation are preferred for structural organization aspects, with a semiorganized layer surrounding the catalyst. ILs act as a container, providing a confined space that allows modulation of electronic and geometric effects, miscibility of reactants and products, and residence time of species. ILs can stabilize ionic and radical species and control the catalytic activity of dynamic processes. Supported IL phase (SILP) derivatives and polymeric ILs (PILs) are good options for molecular engineering of greener catalytic processes. The major factors governing metal, photo-, electro-, and biocatalysts in ILs are discussed in detail based on the vast literature available over the past two and a half decades. Catalytic reactions, ranging from hydrogenation and cross-coupling to oxidations, promoted by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in both single and multiphase conditions, are extensively reviewed and discussed considering the knowledge accumulated until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairton Dupont
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Bárbara C Leal
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriano L Monteiro
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Migowski
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Jackson D Scholten
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
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3
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Vinicius Alves T, Peris E, Fernández I. A Deeper Insight into the Supramolecular Activation of Oxidative Addition Reactions Involving Pincer-Rhodium(I) Complexes. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400022. [PMID: 38269625 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The factors governing the acceleration of the oxidative addition of methyl iodide to pincer rhodium(I)-complexes induced by coronene have been computationally explored in detail using quantum chemical methods. Both the parent reaction and the coronene-mediated process proceed via a stepwise SN2-type mechanism. It is found that the acceleration of the process derives from the formation of an initial supramolecular complex, mainly stabilized by electrostatic and π-π interactions, which significantly increases the electron richness of the complex. The impact of this effect on the reaction barrier has been quantitatively analyzed by applying the activation strain model in combination with the energy decomposition analysis method. In addition, the influence of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the oxidative reaction has been also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Vinicius Alves
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universidad, 28040-, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, 40170-115-, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071-, Castellón, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universidad, 28040-, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Li Z, Xu W, Song S, Wang M, Zhao Y, Shi Z. Enantioselective Rhodium-Catalyzed C-H Arylation Enables Direct Synthesis of Atropisomeric Phosphines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316035. [PMID: 38182545 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Atropisomeric phosphines hold considerable significance in asymmetric catalysis, yet their synthesis presents a formidable challenge owing to intricate multistep procedures. In this context, a groundbreaking methodology has been presented for their preparation. This innovative approach entails an atroposelective rhodium-catalyzed C-H activation employing aryl and heteroaryl halides, chelated by a P(III) center. The essence of this strategy lies in its ability to directly construct chiral phosphine ligands in a single step, thereby exhibiting exceptional efficiency in terms of atom and redox economy. Illustrative examples serve to demonstrate the immense potential of in situ-formed ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Mechanistic experiments have further provided invaluable insights into this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Weipeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shuaishuai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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Lv X, Wang M, Zhao Y, Shi Z. P(III)-Directed Asymmetric C-H Arylation toward Planar Chiral Ferrocenes by Palladium Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3483-3491. [PMID: 38266486 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Planar chiral ferrocenyl phosphines have been employed as highly valuable ligands in metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions. However, their preparation remains a formidable challenge due to the requirement for intricate, multistep synthetic sequences. In addressing this issue, we have developed a groundbreaking enantioselective C-H activation strategy facilitated by P(III) directing groups, enabling the efficient construction of planar chiral ferrocenyl phosphines in a single step. Our innovative approach entails the combination of a palladium catalyst, a parent ferrocenyl phosphine, and a chiral phosphoramidite ligand, leading to exceptional reactivity and enantioselectivity. Remarkably, these novel ligands exhibit remarkable efficacy in silver-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. We carried out a combination of experimental and computational studies to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the reaction pathway and the factors contributing to enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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6
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Pu M, Nielsen CDT, Senol E, Sperger T, Schoenebeck F. Post-Transition-State Dynamic Effects in the Transmetalation of Pd(II)-F to Pd(II)-CF 3. JACS Au 2024; 4:263-275. [PMID: 38274253 PMCID: PMC10806791 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The observation of post-transition-state dynamic effects in the context of metal-based transformation is rare. To date, there has been no reported case of a dynamic effect for the widely employed class of palladium-mediated coupling reactions. We performed an experimental and computational study of the trifluoromethylation of Pd(II)F, which is a key step in the Pd(0)/Pd(II)-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of aryl halides or acid fluorides. Our experiments show that the cis/trans speciation of the formed Pd(II)CF3 is highly solvent- and transmetalation reagent-dependent. We employed GFN2-xTB- and B3LYP-D3-based molecular dynamics trajectory calculations (with and without explicit solvation) along with high-level QM calculations and found that depending on the medium, different transmetalation mechanisms appear to be operative. A statistically representative number of Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest that in benzene, a difluorocarbene is generated in the transmetalation with R3SiCF3, which subsequently recombines with the Pd via two distinct pathways, leading to either the cis- or trans-Pd(II)CF3. Conversely, GFN2-xTB simulations in MeCN suggest that in polar/coordinating solvents an ion-pair mechanism is dominant. A CF3 anion is initially liberated and then rebinds with the Pd(II) cation to give a cis- or trans-Pd(II). In both scenarios, a single transmetalation transition state gives rise to both cis- and trans-species directly, owing to bifurcation after the transition state. The potential subsequent cis- to trans isomerization of the Pd(II)CF3 was also studied and found to be strongly inhibited by free phosphine, which in turn was experimentally identified to be liberated through displacement by a polar/coordinating solvent from the cis-Pd(II)CF3 complex. The simulations also revealed how the variation of the Pd-coordination sphere results in divergent product selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoping Pu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Erdem Senol
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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7
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Boekfa B, Maihom T, Ehara M, Limtrakul J. Investigation of the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction on a palladium H-beta zeolite with DFT calculations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:611. [PMID: 38182728 PMCID: PMC10770145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal or metal cluster-doped zeolites catalyse a wide variety of reactions. In this work, a coupling reaction between bromobenzene and phenylboronic acid to yield biphenyl with the Pd-H-Beta zeolite catalyst was investigated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Utilizing a model system with tetrahedral Pd4 clusters within the H-Beta zeolite, it was demonstrated that the catalyst exhibited notable reactivity by effectively reducing the activation energy barrier for the reaction. Our investigation revealed that the zeolite framework facilitated electron transfer to the Pd cluster, thereby increasing the reaction activity. The coupling reaction was shown to be exothermic and comprise three main steps: oxidative addition of bromobenzene (C6H5Br), transmetallation with phenylboronic acid (C6H5B(OH)2), and reductive elimination of biphenyl (C12H10). Specifically, in the transmetallation step, which was the rate-determining step, the C-B bond breaking in phenylboronic acid (C6H5B(OH)2) and the phenylboronate anion (C6H5B(OH)3-) were compared under neutral and basic conditions, respectively. This comprehensive study clarifies the mechanism for the reaction with the modified Pd zeolite catalyst and highlights the essential role of the zeolite framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bundet Boekfa
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physical and Material Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand.
- Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Thana Maihom
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physical and Material Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Institute for Molecular Science, Nishigo-naka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Jumras Limtrakul
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
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8
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Zhou R, Fan S, Fang L, Chu B, Zhu J. Rh(III)-Catalyzed N-Amino-Directed C-H Coupling with 3-Methyleneoxetan-2-ones for 1,2-Dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid Synthesis. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37996082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic polarity analysis is proposed herein as a general tool for investigating static polarity and transient polarity and revealing expanded reactivity patterns. Through this analysis formalism, polarity matching has been established for Rh(III)-catalyzed N-amino-directed C-H coupling with 3-methyleneoxetan-2-ones, providing efficient access to 1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids. The identified reaction, by virtue of the internal oxidative mechanism, showcases mild reaction conditions (room temperature), a short reaction time (2 h), and a generally high product yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuaixin Fan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lili Fang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Benfa Chu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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9
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Jacquemin D, Kossoski F, Gam F, Boggio-Pasqua M, Loos PF. Reference Vertical Excitation Energies for Transition Metal Compounds. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37965941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
To enrich and enhance the diversity of the quest database of highly accurate excitation energies [Véril, M.; et al. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Comput. Mol. Sci. 2021, 11, e1517], we report vertical transition energies in transition metal compounds. Eleven diatomic molecules with a singlet or doublet ground state containing a fourth-row transition metal (CuCl, CuF, CuH, ScF, ScH, ScO, ScS, TiN, ZnH, ZnO, and ZnS) are considered, and the corresponding excitation energies are computed using high-level coupled-cluster (CC) methods, namely, CC3, CCSDT, CC4, and CCSDTQ, as well as multiconfigurational methods such as CASPT2 and NEVPT2. In many cases, to provide more comprehensive benchmark data, we also provide full configuration interaction estimates computed with the configuration interaction using a perturbative selection made iteratively (CIPSI) method. Based on these calculations, theoretical best estimates of the transition energies are established in both the aug-cc-pVDZ and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. This allows us to accurately assess the performance of the CC and multiconfigurational methods for this specific set of challenging transitions. Furthermore, comparisons with experimental data and previous theoretical results are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Fábris Kossoski
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Franck Gam
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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10
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Platt G, Aguiar PM, Athavan G, Bray JT, Scott NW, Fairlamb IJ, Perutz RN. Opening a Pandora's Flask on a Prototype Catalytic Direct Arylation Reaction of Pentafluorobenzene: The Ag 2CO 3/Pd(OAc) 2/PPh 3 System. Organometallics 2023; 42:2378-2394. [PMID: 37711884 PMCID: PMC10498494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Direct C-H functionalization reactions have opened new avenues in catalysis, removing the need for prefunctionalization of at least one of the substrates. Although C-H functionalization catalyzed by palladium complexes in the presence of a base is generally considered to proceed by the CMD/AMLA-6 mechanism, recent research has shown that silver(I) salts, frequently used as bases, can function as C-H bond activators instead of (or in addition to) palladium(II). In this study, we examine the coupling of pentafluorobenzene 1 to 4-iodotoluene 2a (and its analogues) to form 4-(pentafluorophenyl)toluene 3a catalyzed by palladium(II) acetate with the commonplace PPh3 ligand, silver carbonate as base, and DMF as solvent. By studying the reaction of 1 with Ag2CO3/PPh3 and with isolated silver (triphenylphosphine) carbonate complexes, we show the formation of C-H activation products containing the Ag(C6F5)(PPh3)n unit. However, analysis is complicated by the lability of the Ag-PPh3 bond and the presence of multiple species in the solution. The speciation of palladium(II) is investigated by high-resolution-MAS NMR (chosen for its suitability for suspensions) with a substoichiometric catalyst, demonstrating the formation of an equilibrium mixture of Pd(Ar)(κ1-OAc)(PPh3)2 and [Pd(Ar)(μ-OAc)(PPh3)]2 as resting states (Ar = Ph, 4-tolyl). These two complexes react stoichiometrically with 1 to form coupling products. The catalytic reaction kinetics is investigated by in situ IR spectroscopy revealing a two-term rate law and dependence on [Pdtot/nPPh3]0.5 consistent with the dissociation of an off-cycle palladium dimer. The first term is independent of [1], whereas the second term is first order in [1]. The observed rates are very similar with Pd(PPh3)4, Pd(Ph)(κ1-OAc)(PPh3)2, and [Pd(Ph)(μ-OAc)(PPh3)]2 catalysts. The kinetic isotope effect varied significantly according to conditions. The multiple speciation of both AgI and PdII acts as a warning against specifying the catalytic cycles in detail. Moreover, the rapid dynamic interconversion of AgI species creates a level of complexity that has not been appreciated previously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joshua T.W. Bray
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United
Kingdom
| | - Neil W.J. Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United
Kingdom
| | - Ian J.S. Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United
Kingdom
| | - Robin N. Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United
Kingdom
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11
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Sanosa N, Ruiz-Campos P, Ambrosi D, Sampedro D, Funes-Ardoiz I. Investigating the Mechanism of Ni-Catalyzed Coupling of Photoredox-Generated Alkyl Radicals and Aryl Bromides: A Computational Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119145. [PMID: 37298098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has emerged as an alternative to classical cross-coupling reactions, promoting new reactivities. Recently, the use of widely abundant alcohols and aryl bromides as coupling reagents was demonstrated to promote efficient coupling through the Ir/Ni dual photoredox catalytic cycle. However, the mechanism underlying this transformation is still unexplored, and here we report a comprehensive computational study of the catalytic cycle. We have shown that nickel catalysts can promote this reactivity very efficiently through DFT calculations. Two different mechanistic scenarios were explored, suggesting that two catalytic cycles operate simultaneously depending on the concentration of the alkyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Sanosa
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Department of Chemistry, Universidad de la Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Pedro Ruiz-Campos
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Department of Chemistry, Universidad de la Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Diego Ambrosi
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Department of Chemistry, Universidad de la Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Diego Sampedro
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Department of Chemistry, Universidad de la Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Department of Chemistry, Universidad de la Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26004 Logroño, Spain
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12
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Ivančič A, Košmrlj J, Gazvoda M. Elucidating the reaction mechanism of a palladium-palladium dual catalytic process through kinetic studies of proposed elementary steps. Commun Chem 2023; 6:51. [PMID: 36934172 PMCID: PMC10024772 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the synergistic dual catalytic process, the kinetics of the catalytic cycles must be balanced for the successful outcome of the reaction. Therefore, the analysis of the kinetics of the independent catalytic cycles is essential for such reactions, as it enables their relational optimization as well as their design. Here we describe an analysis of the mechanism of a catalytic synergistic bimetallic reaction through the experimental study of a palladium-catalysed cross-coupling of aryl halides with terminal alkynes, an example of a monometallic dual catalytic process. The proposed mechanism of the investigated reaction was disassembled into two palladium catalytic cycles and further into elementary reactions, and each step was studied independently. The described mechanistic analysis allowed us to identify the rate-determining step of the catalytic process by comparing the rates of the elementary reactions under similar reaction conditions, balanced kinetics of the palladium catalytic cycles, and also in which step which reagent enters the catalytic cycle and how.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anže Ivančič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Gazvoda
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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13
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Moloto BP, Vermeeren P, Tiezza MD, Bouwens T, Esterhuysen C, Hamlin TA, Bickelhaupt FM. Palladium-catalyzed activation of H nA–AH n bonds (AH n = CH 3, NH 2, OH, F). PURE APPL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2022-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have quantum chemically studied activation of HnA–AHn bonds (AHn = CH3, NH2, OH, F) by PdLn catalysts with Ln = no ligand, PH3, (PH3)2, using relativistic density functional theory at ZORA-BLYP/TZ2P. The activation energy associated with the oxidative addition step decreases from H3C–CH3 to H2N–NH2 to HO–OH to F–F, where the activation of the F–F bond is barrierless. Activation strain and Kohn–Sham molecular orbital analyses reveal that the enhanced reactivity along this series of substrates originates from a combination of (i) reduced activation strain due to a weaker HnA–AHn bond; (ii) decreased Pauli repulsion as a result of a difference in steric shielding of the HnA–AHn bond; and (iii) enhanced backbonding interaction between the occupied 4d atomic orbitals of the palladium catalyst and σ* acceptor orbital of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Phuti Moloto
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry , Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands , URL:
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland , Stellenbosch , 7602 , South Africa
| | - Pascal Vermeeren
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry , Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands , URL:
| | - Marco Dalla Tiezza
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry , Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands , URL:
| | - Tessel Bouwens
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry , Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands , URL:
| | - Catharine Esterhuysen
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland , Stellenbosch , 7602 , South Africa
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry , Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands , URL:
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry , Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands , URL:
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Auckland Park , Johannesburg 2006 , South Africa
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14
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Buldurun K, Sarıdağ T. Synthesis of Pd+2 complexes of Schiff bases containing methyl 2-amino-6-benzyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-3-carboxylate and spectral and catalytic activities. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Khalid M, Khan M, Mahmood K, Arshad M, Imran M, Braga AAC, Hussain R. Theoretical designing of non-fullerene derived organic heterocyclic compounds with enhanced nonlinear optical amplitude: a DFT based prediction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20220. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn current era, non-fullerene (NF) chromophores have been reported as significant NLO materials due to promising optoelectronic properties. Therefore, a series of NF based chromophores abbreviated as TPBD2-TPBD6 with D–π–A architecture was designed from the reference compound (TPBR1) by its structural tailoring with an efficient donor and various acceptor groups for the first time. First, the structures of said compounds were optimized at M06-2X/6-311G (d,p) level. Further, the optimized structures were utilized to execute frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), UV–Visible (UV–Vis) absorption, density of states (DOS) and transition density matrix (TDM) analyses at the same level to understand the non-linear (NLO) response of TPBR1 and TPBD2-TPBD6. Promising NLO results were achieved for all derivatives i.e., the highest amplitude of linear polarizability ⟨α⟩, first (βtotal) and second ($$\gamma$$
γ
total) hyperpolarizabilities than their parent molecule. The compound TPBD3 was noted with the most significant NLO properties as compared to the standard molecule. The structural modeling approach by utilizing the acceptor molecules has played a prominent role in attaining favorable NLO responses in the molecules. Thus, our study has tempted the experimentalists to synthesize the proposed NLO materials for the modern optoelectronic high-tech applications.
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Lan J, Zhang T, Yang Y, Li X, Chung LW. A Mechanistic Study of the Cobalt(I)-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides: Effects of Metal and Ligand. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18019-18032. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tonghuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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17
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Farhang M, Akbarzadeh AR, Rabbani M, Ghadiri AM. A retrospective-prospective review of Suzuki–Miyaura reaction: From cross-coupling reaction to pharmaceutical industry applications. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Sikma RE, Balto KP, Figueroa JS, Cohen SM. Metal–Organic Frameworks with Low‐Valent Metal Nodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206353. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Eric Sikma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Krista P. Balto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Joshua S. Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Seth M. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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19
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Iqbal Y, Haroon M, Akhtar T, Ashfaq M, Tahir MN, Rasheed L, Yousuf M, Zia MA. Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Single Crystal XRD, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis and Theoretical Studies (DFT) of 4-Adamantyl-(2-(substitutedbenzylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazoles. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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20
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Arora A, Oswal P, Rao GK, Kumar S, Singh AK, Kumar A. Tellurium-Ligated Pd(II) Complex of Bulky Organotellurium Ligand as a Catalyst of Suzuki coupling: First Report on In Situ Generation of Bimetallic Alloy ‘Telluropalladinite’ (Pd9Te4) Nanoparticles and Role in Highly Efficient Catalysis. Catal Letters 2022; 152:1999-2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Sikma RE, Balto KT, Figueroa JS, Cohen SM. Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Low‐Valent Metal Nodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Eric Sikma
- UC San Diego: University of California San Diego Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Krista T Balto
- UC San Diego: University of California San Diego Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Joshua S Figueroa
- UC San Diego: University of California San Diego Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Seth Mason Cohen
- University of California, San Diego Chemistry and Biochemistry 9500 Gilman Drive 92093-0358 La Jolla UNITED STATES
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22
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Moloto BP, Vermeeren P, Dalla Tiezza M, Esterhuysen C, Bickelhaupt FM, Hamlin TA. Palladium‐Catalyzed Activation of Carbon–Halogen Bonds: Electrostatics‐Controlled Reactivity. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam NETHERLANDS
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23
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Rajalakshmi C, Krishnan A, Saranya S, Anilkumar G, Thomas VI. A detailed theoretical investigation to unravel the molecular mechanism of the ligand-free copper-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4539-4552. [PMID: 35388388 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) represents a very efficacious method for constructing C-C bonds in organic synthesis. The ligand-free variants of SMC have been grabbing attention these days. Despite this momentousness, the mechanistic details of the ligand-free variants are scant in the literature. Herein, we have carried out a detailed mechanistic investigation into the ligand-free Cu-catalyzed SMC of unsaturated organic halides with aryl boronic acid with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations employing the conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) method. The present study elucidates that in the absence of ancillary ligands on the metal, the substrates, base, and solvent molecules could act as pseudo-ancillary ligands to facilitate the cross-coupling reaction. The investigation further revealed that unsaturated halides like alkynyl halides/vinyl halides could act as good ancillary ligands for copper by forming a Cu-π intermediate and promoting a facile transmetalation process. However, regarding the oxidative addition and reductive elimination steps, a concerted pathway is observed contrary to Pd catalyzed Suzuki coupling, owing to the instability of Cu(III) species and the favourability of Csp2-Csp bond formation. In the whole set of mechanisms explored, oxidative addition/oxidative nucleophilic substitution was the rate-determining step in all the cases. A thermodynamically stable π-coordinated intermediate species where the substrate and base molecule are coordinated to the metal center is identified as the rate-determining species for the ligand-free Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. The presence of the aforesaid intermediate increases the energy span and consequently the activation barrier for the rate-determining step. This study unveiled a theoretical rationale for the high-temperature requirement in the ligand-free Cu-catalyzed SMC reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rajalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College Kottayam (Autonomous), Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India.
| | - Anandhu Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College Kottayam (Autonomous), Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India.
| | - Salim Saranya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India. .,Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, India 686560
| | - Vibin Ipe Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College Kottayam (Autonomous), Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India. .,Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, India 686560
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24
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Yuan M, Gutierrez O. Mechanisms, Challenges, and Opportunities of Dual Ni/Photoredox-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Cross-Couplings. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Mol Sci 2022; 12. [PMID: 35664524 PMCID: PMC9162266 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The merging of photoredox and nickel catalysis has revolutionized the field of C-C cross-coupling. However, in comparison to the development of synthetic methods, detailed mechanistic investigations of these catalytic systems are lagging. To improve the mechanistic understanding, computational tools have emerged as powerful tools to elucidate the factors controlling reactivity and selectivity in these complex catalytic transformations. Based on the reported computational studies, it appears that the mechanistic picture of catalytic systems is not generally applicable, but is rather dependent on the specific choice of substrate, ligands, photocatalysts, etc. Given the complexity of these systems, the need for more accurate computational methods, readily available and user-friendly dynamics simulation tools, and data-driven approaches is clear in order to understand at the molecular level the mechanisms of these transformations. In particular, we anticipate that such improvement of theoretical methods will become crucial to advance the understanding of excited-state properties and dynamics of key species, as well as to enable faster and unbiased exploration of reaction pathways. Further, with greater collaboration between computational, experimental, and spectroscopic communities, the mechanistic investigation of photoredox/Ni dual-catalytic reactions is expected to thrive quickly, facilitating the design of novel catalytic systems and promoting our understanding of the reaction selectivity.
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25
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Betancourth JG, Castaño JA, Visbal R, Chaur MN. The versatility of the amino moiety of the hydrazone group in molecular and supramolecular systems. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renso Visbal
- Universidad del Valle Departamento de Química COLOMBIA
| | - Manuel N. Chaur
- Universidad del Valle Chemistry Calle 13 # 100-00Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad del Valle 76000 Cali COLOMBIA
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26
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Kaushal J, Singh S, Oswal P, Arora A, Nautiyal D, Kumar A. Suzuki−Miyaura coupling and O−arylation reactions catalysed by palladium(II) complexes of bulky ligands bearing naphthalene core, Schiff base functionality and biarylphosphine moiety. J Mol Struct 2022; 1253:132099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Haroon M, Akhtar T, Yousuf M, Tahir MN, Rasheed L, Zahra SS, Haq IU, Ashfaq M. Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface investigation and comparative DFT studies of ethyl 2-[2-(2-nitrobenzylidene)hydrazinyl]thiazole-4-carboxylate. BMC Chem 2022; 16:18. [PMID: 35317817 PMCID: PMC8941777 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ethyl 2-[2-(2-nitrobenzylidene)hydrazinyl]thiazole-4-carboxylate (1), a thiazole ester, was synthesized by refluxing 1-(2-nitrobenzylidene)thiosemicarbazide and ethyl bromopyruvate. The compound is characterized by spectrometric, spectroscopic and single crystal (SC-XRD) techniques. Non-covalent interactions that are responsible for crystal packing are explored by Hirshfeld surface analysis. All theoretical calculations were performed by DFT quantum chemical methods using 6-311G(d,p) and cc-pVTZ basis sets and compared. Theoretical harmonic frequencies of ethyl 2-[2-(2-nitrobenzylidene)hydrazinyl]thiazole-4-carboxylate (1) were optimized. Confirmation of hydrogen bonding sites was analyzed by molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and Mulliken population analysis. The vibrational frequencies of characteristic functional groups and chemical shifts were found in good agreement with experimental assignments. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) revealed relatively small HOMO–LUMO (highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) gape, which speaks off the nearly planar geometry and extended conjugation, as compared to the substituents with no conjugation possible. It has also been observed that –NO2 substituent plays a vital role for this relatively small HOMO–LUMO gape and overall electronic properties when compared with similar thiazole carboxylates (2–6, Table 6). Ethyl 2-[2-(2-nitrobenzylidene)hydrazinyl]thiazole-4-carboxylate (1) was also evaluated for its anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haroon
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), 10250-Mirpur, (AJK), Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, Government Major Muhammad Afzal Khan (Shaheed), Boys Degree College Afzalpur, Mirpur, (Affiliated with Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), 10250-Mirpur, (AJK), Pakistan
| | - Tashfeen Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), 10250-Mirpur, (AJK), Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Yousuf
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea.
| | | | - Lubna Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Saniya Zahra
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.,Department of Physics, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan
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28
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Wang X, Sun L, Wang M, Maestri G, Malacria M, Liu X, Wang Y, Wu L. C‐I Selective Sonogashira and Heck Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Aromatic Triangular Tri‐palladium. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Wang
- Liaocheng University department of chemistry and chemical engineering CHINA
| | - Lei Sun
- Liaocheng University department of chemistry and chemical engineering CHINA
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Liaocheng University department of chemistry and chemical engineering CHINA
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- University of Parma: Universita degli Studi di Parma deparment of chemistry, life sciences and environmental sustainability ITALY
| | - Max Malacria
- CNRS: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ICSN FRANCE
| | - Xiang Liu
- China Three Gorges University college of materials and chemical engineering CHINA
| | - Yanlan Wang
- Liaocheng University Department of chemistry and chemical engineering 1,Hunan Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China 252059 Liaocheng CHINA
| | - Lingang Wu
- Liaocheng University department of chemistry and chemical engineering CHINA
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29
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Joshi C, Macharia JM, Izzo JA, Wambua V, Kim S, Hirschi JS, Vetticatt MJ. Isotope Effects Reveal the Catalytic Mechanism of the Archetypical Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction. ACS Catal 2022; 12:2959-2966. [PMID: 37168650 PMCID: PMC10168682 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical 13C kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) are utilized to obtain atomistic insight into the catalytic mechanism of the Pd(PPh3)4-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of aryl halides and aryl boronic acids. Under catalytic conditions, we establish that oxidative addition of aryl bromides occurs to a 12-electron monoligated palladium complex (Pd-(PPh3)). This is based on the congruence of the experimental KIE for the carbon attached to bromine (KIEC-Br = 1.020) and predicted KIEC-Br for the transition state for oxidative addition to the Pd(PPh3) complex (1.021). For aryl iodides, the near-unity KIEC-I of ~1.003 suggests that the first irreversible step in the catalytic cycle precedes oxidative addition and is likely the binding of the iodoarene to Pd(PPh3). Our results suggest that the commonly proposed oxidative addition to the 14-electron Pd(PPh3)2 complex can occur only in the presence of excess added ligand or under stoichiometric conditions; in both cases, experimental KIEC-Br of 1.031 is measured, which is identical to the predicted KIEC-Br for the transition state for oxidative addition to the Pd(PPh3)2 complex (1.031). The transmetalation step, under catalytic conditions, is shown to proceed via a tetracoordinate boronate (8B4) intermediate with a Pd-O-B linkage based on the agreement between an experimental KIE for the carbon atom involved in transmetalation (KIEC-Boron = 1.035) and a predicted KIEC-Boron for the 8B4 transmetalation transition state (1.034).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, United States
| | - Juliet M. Macharia
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, United States
| | - Joseph A. Izzo
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, United States
| | - Victor Wambua
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, United States
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Hirschi
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, United States
| | - Mathew J. Vetticatt
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Vestal, New York 13850, United States
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30
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Elias EK, Rehbein SM, Neufeldt SR. Solvent coordination to palladium can invert the selectivity of oxidative addition. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1618-1628. [PMID: 35282616 PMCID: PMC8827013 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction solvent was previously shown to influence the selectivity of Pd/P t Bu3-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings of chloroaryl triflates. The role of solvents has been hypothesized to relate to their polarity, whereby polar solvents stabilize anionic transition states involving [Pd(P t Bu3)(X)]- (X = anionic ligand) and nonpolar solvents do not. However, here we report detailed studies that reveal a more complicated mechanistic picture. In particular, these results suggest that the selectivity change observed in certain solvents is primarily due to solvent coordination to palladium. Polar coordinating and polar noncoordinating solvents lead to dramatically different selectivity. In coordinating solvents, preferential reaction at triflate is likely catalyzed by Pd(P t Bu3)(solv), whereas noncoordinating solvents lead to reaction at chloride through monoligated Pd(P t Bu3). The role of solvent coordination is supported by stoichiometric oxidative addition experiments, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and catalytic cross-coupling studies. Additional results suggest that anionic [Pd(P t Bu3)(X)]- is also relevant to triflate selectivity in certain scenarios, particularly when halide anions are available in high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Elias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Steven M Rehbein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Sharon R Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
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Domingos IGR, de Lima Batista AP, Braga AA. Computational study of the boraformylation of allenes catalyzed by copper complexes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022; 1208:113575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Guo Z, Liu X, Che Y, Chen D, Xing H. One-Pot Dual Catalysis of a Photoactive Coordination Polymer and Palladium Acetate for the Highly Efficient Cross-Coupling Reaction via Interfacial Electron Transfer. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2695-2705. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifen Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yan Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Dashu Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongzhu Xing
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
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Zhao X, Zhang D, Wang X. Unraveling the Mechanism of Palladium-Catalyzed Base-Free Cross-Coupling of Vinyl Carboxylates: Dual Role of Arylboronic Acids as a Reducing Agent and a Coupling Partner. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
- College of Medical Engineering and the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 194, P. O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, United States
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Abdel Halim S, Ibrahim MA. Synthesis, structure investigation, DFT analysis, optical, and photoelectrical properties of 9-bromo-3-hydroxychromeno[4,3-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5(1H)-one (BHCPP). Results in Chemistry 2022; 4:100572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Renzi P, Azzi E, Bessone E, Ghigo G, Parisotto S, Pellegrino F, Deagostino A. Blue light enhanced Heck arylation at room temperature applied to allenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01631h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A blue light enhanced synthesis of 2-vinyl pirrolidines and piperidines through a domino Heck arylation–cyclisation applied to allenyl amines is described. Essential is the role of the light in the aryl migration in the carbo-palladation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyssena Renzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Azzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Bessone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ghigo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Parisotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Pellegrino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Annamaria Deagostino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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36
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Lussari N, Khan A, Pilli RA, Dos Santos AA, Silva LF, Braga AAC. A DFT study on the formation of heterocycles via iodine( iii)-promoted ring expansion reactions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Combined computational–experimental study to elucidate the mechanism of HTIB-promoted ring expansion reaction of bicyclic heterocycles bearing an exocyclic double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Lussari
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ajmir Khan
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-000, Brazil
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, 448 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824-1223, USA
| | - Ronaldo A. Pilli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alcindo A. Dos Santos
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz F. Silva
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ataualpa A. C. Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-000, Brazil
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Wu X, Lin W, Wang L, Li N, Tu G, Fu Y, Chen DL, Zhu W, Chen G, Zhang F. Highly dispersed palladium nanoclusters anchored on nanostructured hafnium( iv) oxide as highly efficient catalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00949h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pd@HfO2 derived via two-step pyrolysis of Pd@NH2-UiO-66(Hf) exhibited high catalytic activity for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaomei Tu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanghe Fu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihua Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Material Engineering, Taizhou University, 318000 Jiaojiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fumin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, People's Republic of China
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Osakada K, Nishihara Y. Transmetalation of boronic acids and their derivatives: mechanistic elucidation and relevance to catalysis. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:777-796. [PMID: 34951434 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02986j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction (the cross-coupling reaction of boronic acids with organic halides catalysed by Pd complexes) has been recognised as a useful synthetic organic reaction that forms a C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond. The catalytic cycle of the reaction involves the transmetalation of aryl- and alkenylboronic acids with Pd(II) complexes. It migrates the aryl and alkenyl groups of boronic acid to Pd and produces a Pd-C bond. Many studies have investigated the mechanism of transmetalation. They elucidated the mechanism of the organometallic reaction and its role as a fundamental step in catalytic reactions. This perspective reviews studies on the transmetalation of aryl- and alkenylboronic acids with Pd(II) complexes. Emphasis was laid on the structures and chemical properties of the intermediate Pd complexes and the effects of OH- on the pathways of the catalytic Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. The reactions of arylboronic acids with Rh(I)-OH complexes were investigated, which are relevant to the mechanism of Rh-catalysed addition of aryl boronic acids to enones and aldehydes. Recent studies on the transmetalation of boronic acids with other late transition metals such as Fe(II), Co(I), Pt(II), Au(III), and Au(I) are presented with the related catalytic reactions and their utilisation in the synthesis of aromatic molecules and π-conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagastuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan. .,National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Hu L, Gao H, Hu Y, Lv X, Wu YB, Lu G. Origin of Ligand Effects on Stereoinversion in Pd-Catalyzed Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Olefins. J Org Chem 2021; 86:18128-18138. [PMID: 34878798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism and origin of ligand effects on stereoinversion of Pd-catalyzed synthesis of tetrasubstituted olefins were investigated using DFT calculations and the approach of energy decomposition analysis (EDA). The results reveal that the stereoselectivity-determining steps are different when employing different phosphine ligands. This is mainly due to the steric properties of ligands. With the bulkier Xantphos ligand, the syn/anti-to-Pd 1,2-migrations determine the stereoselectivity. While using the less hindered P(o-tol)3 ligand, the 1,3-migration is the stereoselectivity-determining step. The EDA results demonstrate that Pauli repulsion and polarization are the dominant factors for controlling the stereochemistry in 1,2- and 1,3-migrations, respectively. The origins of differences of Pauli repulsion and polarization between the two stereoselective transition states are further identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Han Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiangying Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory for Materials of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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40
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Zhang K, Yao Y, Sun W, Wen R, Wang Y, Sun H, Zhang W, Zhang G, Gao Z. Triazine-wingtips accelerated NHC-Pd catalysed carbonylative Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13020-13023. [PMID: 34807198 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05280b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The transmetalation as the rate-limiting step was effectively accelerated by newly designed N-heterocyclic carbenes with triazine wingtips (T-NHC). By using a ppm-level precatalyst T-NHC-Pd (8), the highly efficient coupling of aryl iodide, alkyne and carbon monoxide furnished a variety of ynone compounds. T-NHC-Pd (5), which deprotonated 4-methyl-phenylacetylene under mild conditions, converted into alkynyl-coordinated catalytic active species PdCl(T-NHC)(Py)(alkynyl). In the putative Pd/Pd catalytic cycle, both triazine-wingtips and NHCs are key players for establishing the carbonylative cross-couplings with high TON and TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Yanxiu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Wen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China. .,School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, P. R. China
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Mehmood H, Khalid M, Haroon M, Akhtar T, Ashfaq M, Tahir MN, Khan MU, Imran M, Braga AAC, Woodward S. Synthesis, characterization and DFT calculated properties of electron-rich hydrazinylthiazoles: Experimental and computational synergy. J Mol Struct 2021; 1245:131043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Conjugated dienes are versatile building blocks and prevalent substructures in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report a method for the stereoselective hydroalkenylation of alkynes, utilizing readily available enol triflates. We leveraged an in situ-generated and geometrically pure vinyl-Cu(I) species to form the Z,Z- or Z,E-1,3-dienes in excellent stereoselectivity and yield. This approach allowed for the synthesis of highly substituted Z-dienes, including pentasubstituted 1,3-dienes, which are difficult to prepare by existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jin Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander W Schuppe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James Levi Knippel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anton Z Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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D'Alterio MC, Casals-Cruañas È, Tzouras NV, Talarico G, Nolan SP, Poater A. Mechanistic Aspects of the Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction. Chemistry 2021; 27:13481-13493. [PMID: 34269488 PMCID: PMC8518397 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The story of C-C bond formation includes several reactions, and surely Suzuki-Miyaura is among the most outstanding ones. Herein, a brief historical overview of insights regarding the reaction mechanism is provided. In particular, the formation of the catalytically active species is probably the main concern, thus the preactivation is in competition with, or even assumes the role of the rate determining step (rds) of the overall reaction. Computational chemistry is key in identifying the rds and thus leading to milder conditions on an experimental level by means of predictive catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo C D'Alterio
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli, Federico II Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Èric Casals-Cruañas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Building S3, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Talarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli, Federico II Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Building S3, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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Khan I, Khalid M, Adeel M, Niaz SI, Shafiq I, Muhammad S, Braga AAC. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 5-(arylated) pyrimidines, their characterization, electronic communication, and non-linear optical evaluations. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Matsheku AC, Tia R, Maumela MC, Makhubela BCE. Ferrocenylimine Palladium (II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions. Catalysts 2021; 11:755. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions are essential synthetic tools for synthesizing polymers, natural products, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, new catalysts that function with greater efficiency and functional group tolerance are being researched. We have prepared new ferrocenylimine monodentate N and P donor ligands and N^N and N^P bidentate chelating ligands (L1 to L4) employed in stabilizing palladium ions for application in Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. The ferrocenylimine ligands were successfully synthesized by Schiff base condensation reactions of acetyl ferrocene with hydrazine monohydrate to afford ferrocenyl hydrazone (L1). Ligand L1 was further treated with aldehydes to give ferrocenyl(2-diphenylphosphino)imine (L3) and ferrocenyl(pyridyl)imine (L3), while phosphination of L1 with chlorodiphenylphosphine afforded L2. The ligands were used to prepare new palladium(II) complexes (C1 to C4) by complexation with [PdCl2(MeCN)2]. All the ligands and complexes were fully characterized using standard spectroscopic and analytical techniques, including 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The complexes (C1 to C4) were tested for efficacies in catalyzing Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura C-C cross-coupling reactions and proved to be suitable catalyst precursors. Ferrocenyl(2-diphenylphosphine)imino and ferrocenyl-methyl hydrazone palladium(II) complexes C2 and C3 showed the best activities at TONs of up to 201. The ferrocenyl palladium(II) (pre)catalysts demonstrated moderate activity in Mizoroki-Heck reactions involving substrates with substituents on the olefin and aryl halide (including 4-Cl, 4-CH3, -CO2Me and -CO2Et). Density Functional Theory was used to study the mechanism of the Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions and have led to confirmation of the widely accepted catalytic cycle. Catalyst precursors (C1 to C4) also displayed good activity and selectivity in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, at 0.5 mol% catalyst loading, with good tolerance to functional groups present on the aryl halide and boronic acid substrates (such as 4-Cl, 4-CHO, 4-COOH, 3-NO2, 3,5-dimethoxy and 4-CH3).
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Meng Q, Zhang H, Chen H, Teng Q. Ammonium‐Anchored Palladium‐NHC Complex on Polystyrene Resin: A Highly Reactive Catalyst for the Mizoroki‐Heck Reaction**. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology School of Petrochemical Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology School of Petrochemical Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Haiqun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology School of Petrochemical Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Qiaoqiao Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology School of Petrochemical Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
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Payard PA, Bohn A, Tocqueville D, Jaouadi K, Escoude E, Ajig S, Dethoor A, Gontard G, Perego LA, Vitale M, Ciofini I, Wagschal S, Grimaud L. Role of dppf Monoxide in the Transmetalation Step of the Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Adrien Payard
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Bohn
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Damien Tocqueville
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Khaoula Jaouadi
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emile Escoude
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sanaa Ajig
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Annie Dethoor
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Gontard
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 8232, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Luca Alessandro Perego
- Discovery Product Development and Supply, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Hochstrasse 201, 8200 Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Vitale
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- PSL University, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Sciences, I-CLeHS, CNRS-Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75005 Paris 05 (France)
| | - Simon Wagschal
- Discovery Product Development and Supply, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Hochstrasse 201, 8200 Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Grimaud
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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Witte F, Zucker SP, Paulus B, Tzschucke CC. Unexpected Substituent Effects in Aryl-Aryl Negishi Cross-Coupling Reactions Rationalized by Density Functional Theory and Natural Charges. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Witte
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Sina P. Zucker
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - C. Christoph Tzschucke
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
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Gómez-Orellana P, Lledós A, Ujaque G. Computational Analysis on the Pd-Catalyzed C-N Coupling of Ammonia with Aryl Bromides Using a Chelate Phosphine Ligand. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4007-4017. [PMID: 33592146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Buchwald-Hartwig amination of arylhalides with the Pd-Josiphos complex is a very useful process for the generation of primary amines using ammonia as a reactant. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations are carried out to examine the reaction mechanism for this process. Although the general mechanism for the C-N cross-coupling reaction is known, there are still some open questions regarding the effect of a chelate phosphine ligand and the role of the base in the process. Reaction pathways involving the release of one of the arms of the phosphine ligand are compared with those where the chelate phosphine remains fully coordinated. Conformational analysis for the complex with the open chelate phosphine is required to properly evaluate the proposed pathways. The role played by the added base (t-BuO-) as a possible ligand or just as a base was also evaluated. The understanding of all of these aspects allowed us to propose a complete reaction mechanism for the Pd-catalyzed C-N coupling of arylhalides with ammonia using the chelate Josiphos ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gómez-Orellana
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gregori Ujaque
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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