A Polymer-Bound Iminophosphorane Approach for the Synthesis of Quinazolines

Synthesis, molecular docking, and cytotoxicity of quinazolinone and dihydroquinazolinone derivatives as cytotoxic agents

Background

Cancer is the most cause of morbidity and mortality, and a major public health problem worldwide. In this context, two series of quinazolinone 5a–e and dihydroquinazolinone 10a–f compounds were designed, synthesized as cytotoxic agents.

Methodology

All derivatives (5a–e and 10a–f) were synthesized via straightforward pathways and elucidated by FTIR, ¹H-NMR, CHNS elemental analysis, as well as the melting point. All the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity effects using the MTT assay against two human cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and HCT-116) using doxorubicin as the standard drug. The test derivatives were additionally docked into the PARP10 active site using Gold software.

Results and discussion

Most of the synthesized compounds, especially 5a and 10f were found to be highly potent against both cell lines. Synthesized compounds demonstrated IC₅₀ in the range of 4.87–205.9 μM against HCT-116 cell line and 14.70–98.45 μM against MCF-7 cell line compared with doxorubicin with IC₅₀ values of 1.20 and 1.08 μM after 72 h, respectively, indicated the plausible activities of the synthesized compounds.

Conclusion

The compounds quinazolinone 5a–e and dihydroquinazolinone 10a–f showed potential activity against cancer cell lines which can lead to rational drug designing of the cytotoxic agents.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13065-022-00825-x.

Advances in the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives

This Review describes the existing synthetic approaches for the solid-phase synthesis (SPS) of differently substituted and fused pyrimidine derivatives. These synthetic strategies are classified on the basis of the different synthetic routes leading to the particular type of pyrimidine heterocycle formed. The Review discusses the application of a variety of polystyrene derived supports for the construction of pyrimidine rings. The effect of microwave heating on the solid-phase synthesis is also addressed in the review.

Discovery of ( R)-8-(6-Methyl-4-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4- b]pyrrol-2-yl)-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-2-((1-methylcyclopropyl)amino)quinazolin-4(3 H)-one, a Potent and Selective Pim-1/2 Kinase Inhibitor for Hematological Malignancies

Pim kinases are a family of constitutively active serine/threonine kinases that are partially redundant and regulate multiple pathways important for cell growth and survival. In human disease, high expression of the three Pim isoforms has been implicated in the progression of hematopoietic and solid tumor cancers, which suggests that Pim kinase inhibitors could provide patients with therapeutic benefit. Herein, we describe the structure-guided optimization of a series of quinazolinone-pyrrolodihydropyrrolone analogs leading to the identification of potent pan-Pim inhibitor 28 with improved potency, solubility, and drug-like properties. Compound 28 demonstrated on-target Pim activity in an in vivo pharmacodynamic assay with significant inhibition of BAD phosphorylation in KMS-12-BM multiple myeloma tumors for 16 h postdose. In a 2-week mouse xenograft model, daily dosing of compound 28 resulted in 33% tumor regression at 100 mg/kg.

Guanylation/cyclisation of amino acid esters using an imidazolin-2-iminato titanium initiator

Catalytic hydroamination of amino acid esters with carbodiimides and isocyanates to furnish corresponding quinazolinone and urea derivatives using two Ti^IV complexes under mild conditions is reported.

DABCO-catalyzed one-pot three component synthesis of dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene substituted quinazolines and their evaluation towards anticancer activity

A facile DABCO promoted one-pot three component synthesis of a new series of C-C linked bis-heterocycle containing dihydropyrano[c]chromene as highly fused oxa-heteryl group at C-2 position of quinazoline was developed. Quinazoline-2-carbaldehyde, substituted 4-hydroxycoumarin and ethyl cyanoacetate were used as key components in the Knoevenagel-Michael addition reaction to get the titled compounds. These compounds were screened for anti-cancer activity against the breast cancer cell lines of MDA-MB 231, and MDA-MB 453.

One-pot synthesis of 2-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinones via ring-opening of isatoic anhydride and palladium-catalyzed oxidative isocyanide-insertion

An efficient and practical two-step process has been developed for the synthesis of 2-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinones via ring-opening of isatoic anhydride and palladium-catalyzed oxidative isocyanide-insertion in one pot. This regioselective procedure could construct a wide range of 2-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinones in moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, the methodology also had distinct advantages of easily accessible starting materials and operational simplicity.

Rational approaches, design strategies, structure activity relationship and mechanistic insights for anticancer hybrids

A Hybrid drug which comprises the incorporation of two drug pharmacophores in one single molecule are basically designed to interact with multiple targets or to amplify its effect through action on another bio target as one single molecule or to counterbalance the known side effects associated with the other hybrid part(.) The present review article offers a detailed account of the design strategies employed for the synthesis of anticancer agents via molecular hybridization techniques. Over the years, the researchers have employed this technique to discover some promising chemical architectures displaying significant anticancer profiles. Molecular hybridization as a tool has been particularly utilized for targeting tubulin protein as exemplified through the number of research papers. The microtubule inhibitors such as taxol, colchicine, chalcones, combretasatin, phenstatins and vinca alkaloids have been utilized as one of the functionality of the hybrids and promising results have been obtained in most of the cases with some of the tubulin based hybrids exhibiting anticancer activity at nanomolar level. Linkage with steroids as biological carrier vector for anticancer drugs and the inclusion of pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs), a family of DNA interactive antitumor antibiotics derived from Streptomyces species in hybrid structure based drug design has also emerged as a potential strategy. Various heteroaryl based hybrids in particular isatin and coumarins have also been designed and reported to posses' remarkable inhibitory potential. Apart from presenting the design strategies, the article also highlights the structure activity relationship along with mechanistic insights revealed during the biological evaluation of the hybrids.

Copper-mediated C–H(sp2)/C–H(sp3) coupling of benzoic acid derivatives with ethyl cyanoacetate: an expedient route to an isoquinolinone scaffold

An expedient, copper-mediated, direct C–H(sp²)/C–H(sp³) bond coupling of benzoic acid derivatives with ethyl cyanoacetate is disclosed.

Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of novel spiropyrrolidines through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of azomethine ylides and 2-styrylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones

Efficient regio- and stereoselective synthesis of novel spiropyrrolidines.

Amino acids as the nitrogen-containing motifs in copper-catalyzed domino synthesis of N-heterocycles

A copper-catalyzed domino method for synthesis of quinazolinones has been developed using readily available α-amino acids as the nitrogen-containing motifs. The domino process underwent Ullmann-type N-arylation, decarboxylation, aerobic oxidation, and intramolecular addition. This method should provide a new and useful strategy for construction of N-heterocycles.

Applications of phosphine-functionalised polymers in organic synthesis

This tutorial review deals with recent advances in the use of phosphine-functionalised polymers in organic synthesis. In the first part of the review, some recent applications of polymer-supported palladium catalysts are reviewed, particularly recyclable catalysts for C-C and C-X bond formation with aryl bromide and chloride substrates. In the second half, novel applications of phosphine-functionalised polymers as reagents, scavengers, organocatalysts and linkers in organic chemistry are presented. Emphasis is placed on the synthesis of biologically active molecules.

Efficient solid-phase synthesis of highly functionalized 1,4-benzodiazepin-5-one derivatives and related compounds by intramolecular aza-Wittig reactions

Due to their widespread biological activities and favorable pharmacokinetic properties, benzodiazepines were among the first classes of small molecules to be synthesized on solid supports. Since then, there have been numerous reports on the synthesis of similar skeletons. We have employed the T1 triazene linker to yield 1,4-benzodiazepin-5-one. Starting from various substituted triazene resins, cleavage in the presence of an azide donor, such as trimethylsilylazide, gave rise to aryl azides. Intramolecular aza-Wittig reactions produced the appropriately functionalized N-heterocycles. By using this route, the natural product deoxyvasicinone and related compounds were prepared.

Synthesis of 3-Amino-1,2,4-benzothiadi- azine 1,1-Dioxides via a Tandem Aza-Wittig/Heterocumulene Annulation

[reaction: see text] Reaction of o-azidobenzenesulfonamides with polymer-supported triphenylphosphine affords the corresponding iminophosphoranes. Subsequent reaction with isocyanates gives 3-amino-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides in high yields and purities. The reaction has been successfully applied to the synthesis of derivatives with various substituents at the 2- and 3-positions and in the benzenoid ring.

Parallel solid-phase synthesis of 2-imino-4-oxo-1,3,5-triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazoles via tandem aza-Wittig/heterocumulene-mediated annulation reaction

The parallel synthesis of a large number of 2-imino-4-oxo-1,3,5-triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives via a solid-phase 1,3,5-triazino-annulation reaction is described. The solid-phase approach involves the in situ generation of iminophosphorane derivatives derived from resin-bound 2-aminobenzimidazoles employing Mitsunobu conditions. The subsequent Aza-Wittig reaction of the iminophosphoranes with isocyanates leads to highly reactive carbodiimides, which undergo an intramolecular heterocyclization reaction to form tetrasubstituted 2-imino-4-oxo-1,3,5-triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazoles in high yields (74-94%) and good purity (>80%).

A Traceless Approach for the Parallel Solid-Phase Synthesis of 2-(Arylamino)quinazolinones

A traceless approach for the parallel solid-phase synthesis of 2-arylamino-substituted quinazolinones is described. Acylation of MBHA resin with o-nitrobenzoic acid derivatives, followed by reduction of the nitro group with tin chloride, generated a resin-bound o-anilino derivative. Reaction of resin-bound o-anilino derivative with arylisothiocyanates yielded resin-bound thioureas, which reacted with amines in the present of Mukaiyama's reagent (2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide) to afford resin-bound guanidines. Following intramolecular cyclization of the resin-bound guanidines during cleavage from the resin by HF/anisole (95/5) for 1.5 h at 0 degrees C, the desired products were obtained in good yield and purity.