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Du G, Belić D, Del Giudice A, Alfredsson V, Carnerup AM, Zhu K, Nyström B, Wang Y, Galantini L, Schillén K. Condensed Supramolecular Helices: The Twisted Sisters of DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Du
- Division of Physical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Lund University P.O. Box 124 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Domagoj Belić
- Division of Physical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Lund University P.O. Box 124 22100 Lund Sweden
- Department of Physics Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek 31000 Osijek Croatia
| | - Alessandra Del Giudice
- Department of Chemistry Sapienza University of Rome P.O. Box 34-Roma 62, Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Viveka Alfredsson
- Division of Physical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Lund University P.O. Box 124 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Anna M. Carnerup
- Division of Physical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Lund University P.O. Box 124 22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Kaizheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P.O. Box 1033, Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Bo Nyström
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P.O. Box 1033, Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Yilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Luciano Galantini
- Department of Chemistry Sapienza University of Rome P.O. Box 34-Roma 62, Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Karin Schillén
- Division of Physical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Lund University P.O. Box 124 22100 Lund Sweden
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Du G, Belić D, Del Giudice A, Alfredsson V, Carnerup AM, Zhu K, Nyström B, Wang Y, Galantini L, Schillén K. Condensed Supramolecular Helices: The Twisted Sisters of DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113279. [PMID: 34757695 PMCID: PMC9300030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of DNA helices into hexagonally packed bundles and toroids represents an intriguing example of functional organization of biological macromolecules at the nanoscale. The condensation models are based on the unique polyelectrolyte features of DNA, however here we could reproduce a DNA‐like condensation with supramolecular helices of small chiral molecules, thereby demonstrating that it is a more general phenomenon. We show that the bile salt sodium deoxycholate can form supramolecular helices upon interaction with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes of homopolymer or block copolymers. At higher order, a controlled hexagonal packing of the helices into DNA‐like bundles and toroids could be accomplished. The results disclose unknown similarities between covalent and supramolecular non‐covalent helical polyelectrolytes, which inspire visionary ideas of constructing supramolecular versions of biological macromolecules. As drug nanocarriers the polymer–bile salt superstructures would get advantage of a complex chirality at molecular and supramolecular levels, whose effect on the nanocarrier assisted drug efficiency is a still unexplored fascinating issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Du
- Lund University: Lunds Universitet, Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, SWEDEN
| | - Domagoj Belić
- Lund University: Lunds Universitet, Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, SWEDEN
| | - Alessandra Del Giudice
- Sapienza University of Rome: Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Department of Chemistry, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, ITALY
| | - Viveka Alfredsson
- Lund University: Lunds Universitet, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, SWEDEN
| | - Anna M Carnerup
- Lund University: Lunds Universitet, Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, SWEDEN
| | - Kaizheng Zhu
- University of Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, Deparment of Chemistry, P.O. Box 1033, N-0315, Oslo, NORWAY
| | - Bo Nyström
- University of Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 1033, N-0315, Oslo, NORWAY
| | - Yilin Wang
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, 100190, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Luciano Galantini
- Sapienza University of Rome: Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Department of Chemistry, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185, Rome, ITALY
| | - Karin Schillén
- Lund University, Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, SWEDEN
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Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are facial amphiphiles synthesized in the body of all vertebrates. They undergo the enterohepatic circulation: they are produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, released in the intestine, taken into the bloodstream and lastly re-absorbed in the liver. During this pathway, BAs are modified in their molecular structure by the action of enzymes and bacteria. Such transformations allow them to acquire the chemical-physical properties needed for fulling several activities including metabolic regulation, antimicrobial functions and solubilization of lipids in digestion. The versatility of BAs in the physiological functions has inspired their use in many bio-applications, making them important tools for active molecule delivery, metabolic disease treatments and emulsification processes in food and drug industries. Moreover, moving over the borders of the biological field, BAs have been largely investigated as building blocks for the construction of supramolecular aggregates having peculiar structural, mechanical, chemical and optical properties. The review starts with a biological analysis of the BAs functions before progressively switching to a general overview of BAs in pharmacology and medicine applications. Lastly the focus moves to the BAs use in material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara di Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jacopo Cautela
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciano Galantini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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di Gregorio MC, Travaglini L, Del Giudice A, Cautela J, Pavel NV, Galantini L. Bile Salts: Natural Surfactants and Precursors of a Broad Family of Complex Amphiphiles. Langmuir 2019; 35:6803-6821. [PMID: 30234994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bile salts (BSs) are naturally occurring rigid surfactants with a steroidal skeleton and specific self-assembly and interface behaviors. Using bile salts as precursors, derivatives can be synthesized to obtain molecules with specific functionalities and amphiphilic structure. Modifications on single molecules are normally performed by substituting the least-hindered hydroxyl group on carbon C-3 of the steroidal A ring or at the end of the lateral chain. This leads to monosteroidal rigid building blocks that are often able to self-organize into 1D structures such as tubules, twisted ribbons, and fibrils with helical supramolecular packing. Tubular aggregates are of particular interest, and they are characterized by cross-section inner diameters spanning a wide range of values (3-500 nm). They can form through appealing pH- or temperature-responsive aggregation and in mixtures of bile salt derivatives to provide mixed tubules with tunable charge and size. Other derivatives can be prepared by covalently linking two or more bile salt molecules to provide complex systems such as oligomers, dendrimers, and polymeric materials. The unconventional amphiphilic molecular structure imparts specific features to BSs and derivatives that can be exploited in the formulation of capsules, drug carriers, dispersants, and templates for the synthesis of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leana Travaglini
- CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006 , Université de Strasbourg , 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Alessandra Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Chimica , "Sapienza" Università di Roma , P. le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Roma , Italy
| | - Jacopo Cautela
- Dipartimento di Chimica , "Sapienza" Università di Roma , P. le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Roma , Italy
| | - Nicolae Viorel Pavel
- Dipartimento di Chimica , "Sapienza" Università di Roma , P. le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Roma , Italy
| | - Luciano Galantini
- Dipartimento di Chimica , "Sapienza" Università di Roma , P. le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Roma , Italy
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Abstract
Chiral cationic gemini surfactants 1,4-bis(dodecyl- N, N-dimethylammonium bromide)-2,3-butanediol (12-4(OH)2-12) including racemate, mesomer, and two enantiomers were synthesized and their self-assembly in aqueous solution has been comparatively investigated by tensiometry, conductometry, 1H NMR, small-angle neutron scattering, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy. The chirality at spacer induces different self-assembly behaviors due to the hydrogen-bonding interaction between the hydroxyl groups at the chiral centers. The stereochemistry of the spacer has little effect on the release of the counterions from the surfactant headgroups and on the molecular packing at the air-water interface. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) decreases in the order of racemate > enantiomer > mesomer. Above the CMC, the aggregates of enantiomers transit from small spherical micelles to rodlike and wormlike micelles with increasing concentration, whereas the mesomer and racemate aggregates transform from spherical micelles to rodlike micelles and platelet-like aggregates. The differences may be because the mesomer and racemate molecules mainly form intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the -OH groups, but the enantiomer molecules dominantly form intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, it was found that the chiral micelles formed by the enantiomers exhibit enantioselection ability for bilirubin (BR) enantiomers. The recognition capability can be adjusted by the micellar structure, i.e., the rodlike micelles are better than either small spherical micelles or wormlike micelles, which might possess different chiral cavities, controlling BR shape and location. These results demonstrate that the aggregates of chiral gemini surfactants can be used to mimic the chiral recognition in biological membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | | | | | - Yilin Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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Meier AR, Yehl JB, Eckenroad KW, Manley GA, Strein TG, Rovnyak D. Stepwise Aggregation of Cholate and Deoxycholate Dictates the Formation and Loss of Surface-Available Chirally Selective Binding Sites. Langmuir 2018; 34:6489-6501. [PMID: 29733655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bile salts are facially amphiphilic, naturally occurring chemicals that aggregate to perform numerous biochemical processes. Because of their unique intermolecular properties, bile salts have also been employed as functional materials in medicine and separation science (e.g., drug delivery, chiral solubilization, purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes). Bile micelle formation is structurally complex, and it remains a topic of considerable study. Here, the exposed functionalities on the surface of cholate and deoxycholate micelles are shown to vary from one another and with the micelle aggregation state. Collectively, data from NMR and capillary electrophoresis reveal preliminary, primary, and secondary stepwise aggregation of the salts of cholic (CA) and deoxycholic (DC) acid in basic conditions (pH 12, 298 K), and address how the surface availability of chirally selective binding sites is dependent on these sequential stages of aggregation. Prior work has demonstrated sequential CA aggregation (pH 12, 298 K) including a preliminary CMC at ca. 7 mM (no chiral selection), followed by a primary CMC at ca. 14 mM that allows chiral selection of binaphthyl enantiomers. In this work, DC is also shown to form stepwise preliminary and primary aggregates (ca. 3 mM DC and 9 mM DC, respectively, pH 12, 298 K) but the preliminary 3 mM DC aggregate is capable of chirally selective solubilization of the binaphthyl enantiomers. Higher-order, secondary bile aggregates of each of CA and DC show significantly degraded chiral selectivity. Diffusion NMR reveals that secondary micelles of CA exclude the BNDHP guests, while secondary micelles of DC accommodate guests, but with a loss of chiral selectivity. These data lead to the hypothesis that secondary aggregates of DC have an exposed binding site, possibly the 7α-edge of a bile dimeric unit, while secondary CA micelles do not present binding edges to the solution, potentially instead exposing the three alcohol groups on the hydrophilic α-face to the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Meier
- Department of Chemistry , Bucknell University , 1 Dent Drive , Lewisburg , Pennsylvania 17837 , United States
| | - Jenna B Yehl
- Department of Chemistry , Bucknell University , 1 Dent Drive , Lewisburg , Pennsylvania 17837 , United States
| | - Kyle W Eckenroad
- Department of Chemistry , Bucknell University , 1 Dent Drive , Lewisburg , Pennsylvania 17837 , United States
| | - Gregory A Manley
- Department of Chemistry , Bucknell University , 1 Dent Drive , Lewisburg , Pennsylvania 17837 , United States
| | - Timothy G Strein
- Department of Chemistry , Bucknell University , 1 Dent Drive , Lewisburg , Pennsylvania 17837 , United States
| | - David Rovnyak
- Department of Chemistry , Bucknell University , 1 Dent Drive , Lewisburg , Pennsylvania 17837 , United States
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Travaglini L, Gubitosi M, di Gregorio MC, D’annibale A, Meijide F, Giustini M, Sennato S, Obiols-rabasa M, Schillén K, Pavel NV, Galantini L. A tryptophan-substituted cholic acid: Expanding the family of labelled biomolecules. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015; 483:142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Berman MD, Carey MC. Metastable and equilibrium phase diagrams of unconjugated bilirubin IXα as functions of pH in model bile systems: Implications for pigment gallstone formation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G42-55. [PMID: 25359538 PMCID: PMC4281687 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00277.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Metastable and equilibrium phase diagrams for unconjugated bilirubin IXα (UCB) in bile are yet to be determined for understanding the physical chemistry of pigment gallstone formation. Also, UCB is a molecule of considerable biomedical importance because it is a potent antioxidant and an inhibitor of atherogenesis. We employed principally a titrimetric approach to obtain metastable and equilibrium UCB solubilities in model bile systems composed of taurine-conjugated bile salts, egg yolk lecithin (mixed long-chain phosphatidylcholines), and cholesterol as functions of total lipid concentration, biliary pH values, and CaCl2 plus NaCl concentrations. Metastable and equilibrium precipitation pH values were obtained, and average pKa values of the two carboxyl groups of UCB were calculated. Added lecithin and increased temperature decreased UCB solubility markedly, whereas increases in bile salt concentrations and molar levels of urea augmented solubility. A wide range of NaCl and cholesterol concentrations resulted in no specific effects, whereas added CaCl2 produced large decreases in UCB solubilities at alkaline pH values only. UV-visible absorption spectra were consistent with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between UCB and bile salts that were strongly influenced by pH. Reliable literature values for UCB compositions of native gallbladder biles revealed that biles from hemolytic mice and humans with black pigment gallstones are markedly supersaturated with UCB and exhibit more acidic pH values, whereas biles from nonstone control animals and patients with cholesterol gallstone are unsaturated with UCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin D. Berman
- 1Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; ,2Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; ,3Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin C. Carey
- 1Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; ,2Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; ,3Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Julínek
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Institute of Chemical Technology , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iryna Goncharova
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Institute of Chemical Technology , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Urbanová
- b Department of Physics and Measurements , Institute of Chemical Technology , Prague, Czech Republic
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Bonincontro
- INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Bonincontro A, Briganti G, D'Archivio AA, Galantini L, Giglio E. Structural Study of the Micellar Aggregates of Sodium Taurodeoxycholate. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp964004v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ostrow JD, Mukerjee P, Tiribelli C. Structure and binding of unconjugated bilirubin: relevance for physiological and pathophysiological function. J Lipid Res 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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D'Alagni M, Galantini L, Giglio E, Gavuzzo E, Scaramuzza L. Micellar aggregates of sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate and their interaction complexes with bilirubin-IXα. Structural models and crystal structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9949001523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Aqueous solutions formed by polypeptides, simple models of proteins, and bile salts (sodium cholate and deoxycholate, NaC and NaDC, respectively) or bilirubin-IX alpha (BR) have been studied by CD measurements. They could mimic more complicated biliary systems, thus supplying a possible interpretation of the behavior of some amino acid residues in the biliary proteins. The aggregation of NaDC and NaC in water can be monitored by CD measurements. Bile salts, in submicellar and micellar form, stabilize poly(L-Lys) (PLL) in alpha-helical conformation. The alpha-helix content increases with increasing bile salt concentration and ionic strength. NaDC seems to be a slightly better stabilizing agent of the alpha-helix conformation than NaC. Models characterized by hydrogen bonds between bile salts and PLL are proposed, also resorting to previous data available on the systems formed by NaDC and poly(L-Leu-L-Leu-L-Lys) (PLLL) or poly(L-Leu-L-Leu-L-Asp) (PLLA). Binding of BR to PLL, poly(D-Lys), poly(L-Glu), PLLL, and PLLA in water has been investigated by CD spectra in order to clarify the nature of the association complexes and the mechanism of the BR enantioselective complexation. Potential energy calculations provide binding models capable of explaining the enantioselective ability of the PLL and PLLL alpha-helices toward the left- and right-handed enantiomer of BR, respectively. BR is bound to -NH2 groups of PLL and PLLL lying on a right- and left-handed spiral, respectively. These results, together with those formerly obtained for some bile salts-BR systems, indicate that the selectivity originates from a binding that involves large regions of the BR molecule and gives rise, very probably, to moderate conformational changes from the "ridge tile" structure observed in the crystals. In some cases van der Waals forces can play a crucial role in the chiral recognition of bilirubin. Moreover, possible interaction models of BR with human serum albumin are proposed on the basis of a recent x-ray crystal structure of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D'Alagni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Italy
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