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Galyamin D, Tolosana-Moranchel Á, Retuerto M, Rojas S. Unraveling the Most Relevant Features for the Design of Iridium Mixed Oxides with High Activity and Durability for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media. JACS Au 2023; 3:2336-2355. [PMID: 37772191 PMCID: PMC10523372 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is the technology of choice for the large-scale production of green hydrogen from renewable energy. Current PEMWEs utilize large amounts of critical raw materials such as iridium and platinum in the anode and cathode electrodes, respectively. In addition to its high cost, the use of Ir-based catalysts may represent a critical bottleneck for the large-scale production of PEM electrolyzers since iridium is a very expensive, scarce, and ill-distributed element. Replacing iridium from PEM anodes is a challenging matter since Ir-oxides are the only materials with sufficient stability under the highly oxidant environment of the anode reaction. One of the current strategies aiming to reduce Ir content is the design of advanced Ir-mixed oxides, in which the introduction of cations in different crystallographic sites can help to engineer the Ir active sites with certain characteristics, that is, environment, coordination, distances, oxidation state, etc. This strategy comes with its own problems, since most mixed oxides lack stability during the OER in acidic electrolyte, suffering severe structural reconstruction, which may lead to surfaces with catalytic activity and durability different from that of the original mixed oxide. Only after understanding such a reconstruction process would it be possible to design durable and stable Ir-based catalysts for the OER. In this Perspective, we highlight the most successful strategies to design Ir mixed oxides for the OER in acidic electrolyte and discuss the most promising lines of evolution in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Retuerto
- Grupo de Energía y
Química Sostenibles. Instituto de
Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Rojas
- Grupo de Energía y
Química Sostenibles. Instituto de
Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Lu W, Lee H, Cha J, Zhang J, Chung I. Electronic Structure Manipulation of the Mott Insulator RuCl 3 via Single-Crystal to Single-Crystal Topotactic Transformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219344. [PMID: 36861901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The core task for Mott insulators includes how rigid distributions of electrons evolve and how these induce exotic physical phenomena. However, it is highly challenging to chemically dope Mott insulators to tune properties. Herein, we report how to tailor electronic structures of the honeycomb Mott insulator RuCl3 employing a facile and reversible single-crystal to single-crystal intercalation process. The resulting product (NH4 )0.5 RuCl3 ⋅1.5 H2 O forms a new hybrid superlattice of alternating RuCl3 monolayers with NH4 + and H2 O molecules. Its manipulated electronic structure markedly shrinks the Mott-Hubbard gap from 1.2 to 0.7 eV. Its electrical conductivity increases by more than 103 folds. This arises from concurrently enhanced carrier concentration and mobility in contrary to the general physics rule of their inverse proportionality. We show topotactic and topochemical intercalation chemistry to control Mott insulators, escalating the prospect of discovering exotic physical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqun Lu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseok Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonil Cha
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - In Chung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Saura-Múzquiz M, Avdeev M, Brand HEA, Kennedy BJ. Structural and Magnetic Properties of Some Vacancy-Ordered Osmium Halide Perovskites. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15961-15972. [PMID: 36153995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structures and magnetic properties of the Os4+ (5d4) halides K2OsCl6, K2OsBr6, Na2OsBr6, and Na2OsBr6·6H2O are described. K2OsCl6 and K2OsBr6 have a cubic vacancy-ordered double perovskite structure but undergo different symmetry-lowering structural phase transitions upon cooling associated with a combination of the relative size of the ions and differences in their chemical bonding. The structure of Na2OsBr6·6H2O has been determined for the first time and the thermal stability of this has been established using a combination of in situ diffraction and TGA. Na2OsBr6·6H2O and Na2OsBr6 are isostructural with the analogous iridium chlorides, Na2IrCl6·6H2O and Na2IrCl6, and dehydration proceeds via different intermediate phases. The magnetic moments of four compounds display a Kotani-like behavior consistent with a Jeff = 0 ground state; however, the magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal unusual low temperature properties indicative of a weak magnetic ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Saura-Múzquiz
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Department of Materials Physics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Maxim Avdeev
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd., Lucas Heights 2234, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen E A Brand
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan J Kennedy
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Guo S, Mitchell Warden HE, Cava RJ. Structural Diversity in Oxoiridates with 1D Ir nO 3(n+1) Chain Fragments and Flat Bands. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10043-10050. [PMID: 35709355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A previously unreported series of hexagonal-perovskite-based Rb-oxoiridates, Rb5Ir2O9, Rb7Ir3O12, and Rb12Ir7O24, have been synthesized and structurally analyzed via N2-protected single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). These materials exhibit different 1D IrnO3(n+1) chain fragments along their c axes. IrO6 octahedra and RbOx (x = 6, 8, and 10) polyhedra are their basic building blocks. The IrO6 octahedra are linked via face-sharing, forming Ir2O9 dimers, Ir3O12 trimers, and Ir7O24 heptamers. The nonmagnetic RbOx (x = 6, 8, and 10) polyhedra serve as both bridging units and spacers. Temperature-dependent SC-XRD shows all three to display positive thermal expansion and rules out structural transitions from their triangular symmetries down to 100 K. Density functional theory results suggest semiconducting-like behavior for the title compounds. The flatness of the electronic bands and our structural analysis are of potential interest for understanding and designing 1D quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - R J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Li X, Liang F, Liu T, Li H. Na 2GaS 2Cl: a new sodium-rich chalcohalide with two-dimensional [GaS 2] ∞ layers and wide interlayer space. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11167-11172. [PMID: 34328490 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By introducing halogens to the A/Ga/Q (A = Na, K; Q = S, Se) system, one new chalcohalide namely Na2GaS2Cl was successfully obtained. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm (63). Na2GaS2Cl has a layered structure consisting of two dimensional [GaS2]∞ layers which are stacked in "face to face" and "back to back" arrays and separated by Na+ and Cl- ions. Interestingly, supertetrahedral building units [Ga4S10] (T2) which are rarely found in metal chalcogenides and metal chalcohalides are formed in this structure. Moreover, the distances of two adjacent layers are around four times larger than the ionic radius of the Na+ ion, which is very likely to provide a perfect environment for the storage and migration of Na+ ions. In particular, the volume concentration of the Na+ cations in this compound is as high as 1.54 × 1022 cm-3. The UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy measurement reveals that the optical band gap of this title compound is 3.06 eV. The electronic structural calculations on Na2GaS2Cl show that the band gap is mainly determined by the [GaS4] groups and Na-Cl ionic bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Li
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P.R. China.
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Kanyolo GM, Masese T, Matsubara N, Chen CY, Rizell J, Huang ZD, Sassa Y, Månsson M, Senoh H, Matsumoto H. Honeycomb layered oxides: structure, energy storage, transport, topology and relevant insights. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3990-4030. [PMID: 33576756 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00320d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The advent of nanotechnology has hurtled the discovery and development of nanostructured materials with stellar chemical and physical functionalities in a bid to address issues in energy, environment, telecommunications and healthcare. In this quest, a class of two-dimensional layered materials consisting of alkali or coinage metal atoms sandwiched between slabs exclusively made of transition metal and chalcogen (or pnictogen) atoms arranged in a honeycomb fashion have emerged as materials exhibiting fascinatingly rich crystal chemistry, high-voltage electrochemistry, fast cation diffusion besides playing host to varied exotic electromagnetic and topological phenomena. Currently, with a niche application in energy storage as high-voltage materials, this class of honeycomb layered oxides serves as ideal pedagogical exemplars of the innumerable capabilities of nanomaterials drawing immense interest in multiple fields ranging from materials science, solid-state chemistry, electrochemistry and condensed matter physics. In this review, we delineate the relevant chemistry and physics of honeycomb layered oxides, and discuss their functionalities for tunable electrochemistry, superfast ionic conduction, electromagnetism and topology. Moreover, we elucidate the unexplored albeit vastly promising crystal chemistry space whilst outlining effective ways to identify regions within this compositional space, particularly where interesting electromagnetic and topological properties could be lurking within the aforementioned alkali and coinage-metal honeycomb layered oxide structures. We conclude by pointing towards possible future research directions, particularly the prospective realisation of Kitaev-Heisenberg-Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions with single crystals and Floquet theory in closely-related honeycomb layered oxide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwill Mbiti Kanyolo
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1, Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loi T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - R. J. Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Abstract
KIrO3 in the body-centered cubic variant of the KSbO3-type structure is reported. Black cube-shaped single crystals, obtained from the solid-state reaction in a half-closed silver capsule in a sealed quartz tube, were used for the structural characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The material, space group Im3[combining macron] (no. 204), exhibits a disordered K array and a three-dimensional (3D) IrO6-based tunnel-like framework. Temperature-dependent magnetization and heat capacity measurements suggest a paramagnetic state for KIrO3, with significant contribution of temperature independent paramagnetism and without any sign of long-range magnetic ordering (down to 1.8 K). The 3D motif of this material, based on the 5d Ir5+ ion, is of interest for investigating unconventional magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
| | - Kelly M Powderly
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
| | - R J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
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