1
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Hertler PR, Yu X, Brower JD, Nguyen TAD, Wu G, Autschbach J, Hayton TW. Exploring Spin-Orbit Effects in a [Cu 6Tl] + Nanocluster Featuring an Uncommon Tl-H Interaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400390. [PMID: 38381600 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Reaction of [CuH(PPh3)]6 with 1 equiv. of Tl(OTf) results in formation of [Cu6TlH6(PPh3)6][OTf] ([1]OTf]), which can be isolated in good yields. Variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy, in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, confirms the presence of a rare Tl-H orbital interaction. According to DFT, the 1H chemical shift of the Tl-adjacent hydride ligands of [1]+ includes 7.7 ppm of deshielding due to spin-orbit effects from the heavy Tl atom. This study provides valuable new insights into a rare class of metal hydrides, given that [1][OTf] is only the third isolable species reported to contain a Tl-H interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe R Hertler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260
| | - Jordan D Brower
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106
| | - Thuy-Ai D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106
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2
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Baker CF, Seed JA, Adams RW, Lee D, Liddle ST. 13C carbene nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift analysis confirms Ce IV[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bonding in cerium(iv)-diphosphonioalkylidene complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 15:238-249. [PMID: 38131084 PMCID: PMC10732143 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diphosphonioalkylidene dianions have emerged as highly effective ligands for lanthanide and actinide ions, and the resulting formal metal-carbon double bonds have challenged and developed conventional thinking about f-element bond multiplicity and covalency. However, f-element-diphosphonioalkylidene complexes can be represented by several resonance forms that render their metal-carbon double bond status unclear. Here, we report an experimentally-validated 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance computational assessment of two cerium(iv)-diphosphonioalkylidene complexes, [Ce(BIPMTMS)(ODipp)2] (1, BIPMTMS = {C(PPh2NSiMe3)2}2-; Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) and [Ce(BIPMTMS)2] (2). Decomposing the experimental alkylidene chemical shifts into their corresponding calculated shielding (σ) tensor components verifies that these complexes exhibit Ce[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bonds. Strong magnetic coupling of Ce[double bond, length as m-dash]C σ/π* and π/σ* orbitals produces strongly deshielded σ11 values, a characteristic hallmark of alkylidenes, and the largest 13C chemical shift tensor spans of any alkylidene complex to date (1, 801 ppm; 2, 810 ppm). In contrast, the phosphonium-substituent shielding contributions are much smaller than the Ce[double bond, length as m-dash]C σ- and π-bond components. This study confirms significant Ce 4f-orbital contributions to the Ce[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonding, provides further support for a previously proposed inverse-trans-influence in 2, and reveals variance in the 4f spin-orbit contributions that relate to the alkylidene hybridisation. This work thus confirms the metal-carbon double bond credentials of f-element-diphosphonioalkylidenes, providing quantified benchmarks for understanding diphosphonioalkylidene bonding generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron F Baker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - John A Seed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ralph W Adams
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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3
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Du J, Hurd J, Seed JA, Balázs G, Scheer M, Adams RW, Lee D, Liddle ST. 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Probe of Thorium-Phosphorus Bond Covalency: Correlating Phosphorus Chemical Shift to Metal-Phosphorus Bond Order. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21766-21784. [PMID: 37768555 PMCID: PMC10571089 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of solution and solid-state 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy combined with Density Functional Theory calculations to benchmark the covalency of actinide-phosphorus bonds, thus introducing 31P NMR spectroscopy to the investigation of molecular f-element chemical bond covalency. The 31P NMR data for [Th(PH2)(TrenTIPS)] (1, TrenTIPS = {N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)3}3-), [Th(PH)(TrenTIPS)][Na(12C4)2] (2, 12C4 = 12-crown-4 ether), [{Th(TrenTIPS)}2(μ-PH)] (3), and [{Th(TrenTIPS)}2(μ-P)][Na(12C4)2] (4) demonstrate a chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) ordering of (μ-P)3- > (═PH)2- > (μ-PH)2- > (-PH2)1- and for 4 the largest CSA for any bridging phosphido unit. The B3LYP functional with 50% Hartree-Fock mixing produced spin-orbit δiso values that closely match the experimental data, providing experimentally benchmarked quantification of the nature and extent of covalency in the Th-P linkages in 1-4 via Natural Bond Orbital and Natural Localized Molecular Orbital analyses. Shielding analysis revealed that the 31P δiso values are essentially only due to the nature of the Th-P bonds in 1-4, with largely invariant diamagnetic but variable paramagnetic and spin-orbit shieldings that reflect the Th-P bond multiplicities and s-orbital mediated transmission of spin-orbit effects from Th to P. This study has permitted correlation of Th-P δiso values to Mayer bond orders, revealing qualitative correlations generally, but which should be examined with respect to specific ancillary ligand families rather than generally to be quantitative, reflecting that 31P δiso values are a very sensitive reporter due to phosphorus being a soft donor that responds to the rest of the ligand field much more than stronger, harder donors like nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Du
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Joseph Hurd
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - John A. Seed
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph W. Adams
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
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4
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Nguyen TH, Paul EL, Lukens WW, Hayton TW. Evaluating f-Orbital Participation in the U V═E Multiple Bonds of [U(E)(NR 2) 3] (E = O, NSiMe 3, NAd; R = SiMe 3). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6447-6457. [PMID: 37053543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of 1 equiv of 1-azidoadamantane with [UIII(NR2)3] (R = SiMe3) in Et2O results in the formation of [UV(NR2)3(NAd)] (1, Ad = 1-adamantyl) in good yields. The electronic structure of 1, as well as those of the related U(V) complexes, [UV(NR2)3(NSiMe3)] (2) and [UV(NR2)3(O)] (3), were analyzed with EPR spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, NIR-visible spectroscopy, and crystal field modeling. This analysis revealed that, within this series of complexes, the steric bulk of the E2- (E═O, NR) ligand is the most important factor in determining the electronic structure. In particular, the increasing steric bulk of this ligand, on moving from O2- to [NAd]2-, results in increasing U═E distances and E-U-Namide angles. These changes have two principal effects on the resulting electronic structure: (1) the increasing U═E distances decreases the energy of the fσ orbital, which is primarily σ* with respect to the U═E bond, and (2) the increasing E-U-Namide angles increases the energy of fδ, due to increasing antibonding interactions with the amide ligands. As a result of the latter change, the electronic ground state for complexes 1 and 2 is primarily fφ in character, whereas the ground state for complex 3 is primarily fδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Edward L Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Wayne W Lukens
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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5
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Gransbury GK, Réant BLL, Wooles AJ, Emerson-King J, Chilton NF, Liddle ST, Mills DP. Electronic structure comparisons of isostructural early d- and f-block metal(iii) bis(cyclopentadienyl) silanide complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:621-634. [PMID: 36741509 PMCID: PMC9847655 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04526e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of the U(iii) bis(cyclopentadienyl) hypersilanide complex [U(Cp'')2{Si(SiMe3)3}] (Cp'' = {C5H3(SiMe3)2-1,3}), together with isostructural lanthanide and group 4 M(iii) homologues, in order to meaningfully compare metal-silicon bonding between early d- and f-block metals. All complexes were characterised by a combination of NMR, EPR, UV-vis-NIR and ATR-IR spectroscopies, single crystal X-ray diffraction, SQUID magnetometry, elemental analysis and ab initio calculations. We find that for the [M(Cp'')2{Si(SiMe3)3}] (M = Ti, Zr, La, Ce, Nd, U) series the unique anisotropy axis is conserved tangential to ; this is governed by the hypersilanide ligand for the d-block complexes to give easy plane anisotropy, whereas the easy axis is fixed by the two Cp'' ligands in f-block congeners. This divergence is attributed to hypersilanide acting as a strong σ-donor and weak π-acceptor with the d-block metals, whilst f-block metals show predominantly electrostatic bonding with weaker π-components. We make qualitative comparisons on the strength of covalency to derive the ordering Zr > Ti ≫ U > Nd ≈ Ce ≈ La in these complexes, using a combination of analytical techniques. The greater covalency of 5f3 U(iii) vs. 4f3 Nd(iii) is found by comparison of their EPR and electronic absorption spectra and magnetic measurements, with calculations indicating that uranium 5f orbitals have weak π-bonding interactions with both the silanide and Cp'' ligands, in addition to weak δ-antibonding with Cp''.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma K. Gransbury
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Benjamin L. L. Réant
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Jack Emerson-King
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - David P. Mills
- Department of Chemistry, The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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6
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Réant BL, Wooles AJ, Liddle ST, Mills DP. Synthesis and Characterization of Yttrium Methanediide Silanide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:137-146. [PMID: 36537859 PMCID: PMC9832533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The salt metathesis reactions of the yttrium methanediide iodide complex [Y(BIPM)(I)(THF)2] (BIPM = {C(PPh2NSiMe3)2}) with the group 1 silanide ligand-transfer reagents MSiR3 (M = Na, R3 = tBu2Me or tBu3; M = K, R3 = (SiMe3)3) gave the yttrium methanediide silanide complexes [Y(BIPM)(SitBu2Me)(THF)] (1), [Y(BIPM)(SitBu3)(THF)] (2), and [Y(BIPM){Si(SiMe3)3}(THF)] (3). Complexes 1-3 provide rare examples of structurally authenticated rare earth metal-silicon bonds and were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, multinuclear NMR and ATR-IR spectroscopies, and elemental analysis. Density functional theory calculations were performed on 1-3 to probe their electronic structures further, revealing predominantly ionic Y-Si bonding. The computed Y-Si bonds show lower covalency than Y═C bonds, which are in turn best represented by Y+-C- dipolar forms due to the strong σ-donor properties of the silanide ligands investigated; these observations are in accord with experimentally obtained 13C{1H} and 29Si{1H} NMR data for 1-3 and related Y(III) BIPM alkyl complexes in the literature. Preliminary reactivity studies were performed, with complex 1 treated separately with benzophenone, azobenzene, and N,N'-dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide. 29Si{1H} and 31P{1H} NMR spectra of these reaction mixtures indicated that 1,2-migratory insertion of the unsaturated substrate into the Y-Si bond is favored, while for the latter substrate, a [2 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction also occurs at the Y═C bond to afford [Y{C(PPh2NSiMe3)2[C(NCy)2]-κ4C,N,N',N'}{C(NCy)2(SitBu2Me)-κ2N,N'}] (4); these reactivity profiles complement and contrast with those of Y(III) BIPM alkyl complexes.
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7
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Liu K, Chi XW, Guo Y, Wu QY, Hu KQ, Mei L, Chai ZF, Yu JP, Shi WQ. Synthesis of Trapen Ligand-Based U(IV) and Th(IV) 2-Phosphaethynolate Complexes and Comparison of Covalency with Corresponding Ti(IV) Analogues. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17993-18001. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Xiao-Wang Chi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Qun-Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Kong-Qiu Hu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Ji-Pan Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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8
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Pöcheim A, Zitz R, Hönigsberger J, Marschner C, Baumgartner J. Metallacyclosilanes of Calcium, Yttrium, and Iron. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17527-17536. [PMID: 36281990 PMCID: PMC9644368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Utilizing a choice
of α,ω-oligosilanylene diides, it
is possible to synthesize a number of heterocyclosilanes with heteroelements
of calcium, yttrium, and iron by metathesis reactions with respective
metal halides CaI2, YCl3, and FeBr2. 29Si NMR spectroscopic analysis of the calcacyclosilanes
suggests that these compounds retain a strong oligosilanylene dianion
character, which is more pronounced than in the analogous magnesacyclosilanes.
As the electronegativity of calcium lies between potassium and magnesium,
silyl calcium reagents should be considered as building blocks with
an attractive reactivity profile. Reaction of a 1,4-oligosilanylene
diide with YCl3 gave the five-membered yttracyclosilane
as an ate-complex with two chlorides still attached to the yttrium
atom. Reaction of the obtained compound with two equivalents of NaCp
led to another five-membered yttracyclosilane ate-complex with an
yttracene fragment. When using a dianionic oligosilanylene ligand
containing a siloxane unit, the siloxane oxygen acted as an additional
coordination site for Ca and Y. When the same ligand was used to prepare
a cyclic 1-ferra-4-oxatetrasilacyclohexane, an analogous transannular
interaction between the iron and oxygen atoms is missing. Reactions of some α,ω-oligosilanylene
diides
with CaI2, YCl3, and FeBr2 allow
convenient access to metallocyclosilanes with Ca, Y, and Fe as heteroatoms.
The calcium and yttrium compounds resemble previously prepared magnesacyclosilanes,
retaining a strong silanide character. The only related compounds
to the described ferracyclosilanes are acyclic examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pöcheim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rainer Zitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Hönigsberger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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9
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Pan X, Wu C, Fang H, Yan C. Early Lanthanide(III) Ate Complexes Featuring Ln-Si Bonds (Ln = La, Ce): Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Bonding Analysis. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14288-14296. [PMID: 36040364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While research on lanthanide (Ln) complexes with silyl ligands is receiving growing attention, significantly unbalanced efforts have been devoted to different Ln elements. In comparison with the intense investigations on Ln elements such as Sm and Yb, the chemistry of silyl lanthanum and cerium complexes is much slower to develop, and no solid-state structure of a silyl lanthanum complex has been reported so far. In this research, four types of ate complexes, including [(DME)3Li][Cp3LnSi(H)Mes2], [(18-crown-6)K][Cp3LnSi(CH3)Ph2], [(DME)3Li][Cp3LnSiPh3], and [(12-crown-4)2Na] [Cp3LnSi(Ph)2Si(H)Ph2] (Ln = La, Ce), were synthesized by reacting [(DME)3Na][Cp3La(μ-Cl)LaCp3] or Cp3Ce(THF) with alkali metal silanides. All of the synthesized silyl Ln ate complexes were structurally characterized. La-Si bond lengths are in a range of 3.1733(4)-3.1897(10) Å, and the calculated formal shortness ratios of the La-Si bonds (1.071.08) are comparable to those in the reported silyl complexes having other Ln metal centers. The Ce-Si bond lengths (3.1415(6)-3.1705(9) Å) are within the typical range of reported silyl cerium ate complexes. 29Si solid-state NMR measurements on the diamagnetic silyl lanthanum complexes were conducted, and large one-bond hyperfine splitting constants arising from = 7/2) were resolved. Computational studies on these silyl lanthanum and cerium complexes suggested the polarized covalent feature of the Ln-Si bonds, which is in line with the measured large 1J139La-Si splitting constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Changjiang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Huayi Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chunhua Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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10
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Abstract
The number of rare earth (RE) starting materials used in synthesis is staggering, ranging from simple binary metal-halide salts to borohydrides and "designer reagents" such as alkyl and organoaluminate complexes. This review collates the most important starting materials used in RE synthetic chemistry, including essential information on their preparations and uses in modern synthetic methodologies. The review is divided by starting material category and supporting ligands (i.e., metals as synthetic precursors, halides, borohydrides, nitrogen donors, oxygen donors, triflates, and organometallic reagents), and in each section relevant synthetic methodologies and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, U.K.
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11
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Tarlton ML, Vilanova SP, Kaumini MG, Kelley SP, Huang P, Walensky JR. Structural, Spectroscopic, and Computational Analysis of Heterometallic Thorium Phosphinidiide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14932-14943. [PMID: 34528785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To synthesize complexes with thorium-phosphorus multiple-bond character, reactions of (C5Me5)2Th[P(H)Mes]2 with monovalent alkali-metal bases, MN(SiMe3)2, as well as CuMes, have been investigated. The results with MN(SiMe3)2 are phosphinidiide complexes of the form {(C5Me5)2Th[μ2-P(Mes)][μ2-P(H)Mes]M(L)n}2 (M = Na, n = 0; M = K, L = THF, n = 1; M = Rb, L = THF, n = 1; M = Cs, L = Et2O, n = 1). With CuMes, the product is a Th2Cu3P5 heterometallic structure, {(C5Me5)2Th[(μ2-P(H)Mes)P(Mes)]Cu}2Cu[μ2-P(H)Mes]. All complexes have been characterized using heteronuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and their solid-state structure identified by X-ray crystallography. We also report the structure of {(C5Me5)2Th[(μ2-As(H)Mes)As(Mes)]Cu}2Cu[μ2-As(H)Mes] obtained from (C5Me5)2Th[As(H)Mes]2 with CuMes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Tarlton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Sean P Vilanova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - M Gayanethra Kaumini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Patrick Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California 94542, United States
| | - Justin R Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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