1
|
Baba Mohammadi S, Rezaie MR, Zareie N. Formulation of Aflatoxins B1 & B2 reduction in corn by low level gamma irradiation. Toxicon 2022; 218:83-87. [PMID: 36116738 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Corn is one of the main food items for humans and animals. Contamination of corn with aflatoxin during harvest, storage, and transport is one of the human problems. Different methods for removing and inactivating aflatoxin in corn have been introduced so far. In this research, using the gamma radiation caused by radioactive granite, the reduction of corn aflatoxin was investigated with practical and simulation methods. In a practical method by simulation result, the aflatoxin reduction as a function of time and granite gamma radiation dose in corn were calculated. The simulation was done with the Mont Carlo N-Particle X version (MCNPX) code that based on the Monte Carlo method. Results show that the relationship between the percentage of aflatoxin reduction and the irradiation time (t (day)) is 0.017 × t. Due to the low-level gamma dose of granite, the percentage of protein, fat, and vitamins in corn does not change with granite irradiation. Therefore, the results show that the use of low granite gamma radiation to reduce aflatoxin can improve physicochemical properties, reduce aflatoxin levels and increase the antioxidant properties of corn, which has ultimately reduced the risk of developing cancer caused by aflatoxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Baba Mohammadi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Modern Technologies, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Raza Rezaie
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Modern Technologies, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Neda Zareie
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Modern Technologies, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chiab N, Aoiadni N, Nouri-Ellouz O, Ghorbel-Koubaa F, Mellouli M, Sellami-Boudawara T, Kallel C, Makni-Ayadi F, Gargouri-Bouzid R. Subacute toxicity studies of meals prepared from genetically modified potato overexpressing the StDREB1 or the VvWRKY2 transcription factor in rats. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:5883-5890. [PMID: 35426948 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato tubers from genetically modified plants overexpressing the StDREB1 or the VvWRKY2 transcription factors that exhibited improved tolerance to salt and resistance to Fusarium solani infection were characterized and evaluated for safety in a 30 day rat feeding study. Male Wistar rats were split into four groups and provided with a diet composed of 33% (w/w) of either one of the two genetically modified potatoes (GMPs), 33% of the commercial Spunta variety (Sp), or a control group fed with the basal rats' diet. The influence of the GMPs on rat behavior and overall health parameters was evaluated and compared with that of commercial potato (i.e. the Sp group) and control diet. RESULTS Small differences were noticed in the chemical composition of the different tubers, but all the diets were adjusted to an identical caloric level. Results showed no sign of toxic or detrimental effects on the rats' overall health as a result of these diets. The rats fed with the GMPs meal showed hematological and biochemical compositions of the plasma comparable to the control groups. No histopathological damage nor any structural disorganization, severe congestion, or acute inflammation were noticed in the rats' tissues. CONCLUSION Under these study conditions, the GMP diets did not induce any apparent or significant adverse effects on rats after 30 days of dietary administration in comparison with rats fed diets with the corresponding non-transgenic diet and the standard diet group. These two GMPs were therefore considered to be as safe as their commercial comparator. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Chiab
- Laboratory of Plant amelioration and valorization of Agri-Resources, National school of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nissaf Aoiadni
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Oumèma Nouri-Ellouz
- Laboratory of Plant amelioration and valorization of Agri-Resources, National school of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Manel Mellouli
- Anatomy and Pathological Cytology Laboratory, The University Hospital Complex (UHC) Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahya Sellami-Boudawara
- Anatomy and Pathological Cytology Laboratory, The University Hospital Complex (UHC) Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chomous Kallel
- Hematology Laboratory, The University Hospital Complex (UHC) Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Makni-Ayadi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, The University Hospital Complex (UHC) Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Radhia Gargouri-Bouzid
- Laboratory of Plant amelioration and valorization of Agri-Resources, National school of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chiab N, Kammoun M, Charfeddine S, Bouaziz D, Gouider M, Gargouri-Bouzid R. Impact of the overexpression of the StDREB1 transcription factor on growth parameters, yields, and chemical composition of tubers from greenhouse and field grown potato plants. J Plant Res 2021; 134:249-259. [PMID: 33462768 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Potato plants are often exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses that negatively impact their growth, development, and yield. Plants respond to different stresses by inducing large numbers of stress-responsive genes, which can be either functional or regulatory genes. Among regulatory genes, Dehydration Responsive Element Binding (DREB) genes are considered as one of the main groups of transcriptional regulators. The overexpression of these factors in several transgenic plants leads to enhancement of abiotic stress tolerance. However, a number of reports showed that the overexpression of DREB factors under control of constitutive promoter, affects their morphology and production. Therefore, it becomes interesting to evaluate the effect of the overexpression of this StDREB1 transcription factor on plant growth, morphology, yield and tuber composition under both greenhouse and field culture conditions. To our knowledge, there is no available data on the effect of DREBA-4 overexpression on potato plants morphology and yield. Indeed, most studies focused on DREB genes from A-1 and A-2 groups for other plant species. Our results showed that StDREB1, a A-4 group of DREB gene from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), overexpressing plants did not show any growth retardation. On the contrary, they seem to be more vigorous, and produced higher tuber weight in greenhouse and field culture than the wild type (WT) plants. Moreover, the overexpression of StDREB1 transcription factor seemed to have an effect on tuber quality in terms of dry matter, starch contents and reducing sugars in comparison to the WT tubers. These data suggest that the StDREB1 gene from A-4 group of DREB subfamily can be a good candidate in potato breeding for stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Chiab
- Laboratoire d'amelioration des plantes et valorisation des agro-ressources, Ecole Nationale d'ingenieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Mariem Kammoun
- Laboratoire d'amelioration des plantes et valorisation des agro-ressources, Ecole Nationale d'ingenieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Safa Charfeddine
- Laboratoire d'amelioration des plantes et valorisation des agro-ressources, Ecole Nationale d'ingenieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Donia Bouaziz
- Laboratoire d'amelioration des plantes et valorisation des agro-ressources, Ecole Nationale d'ingenieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mbarka Gouider
- Laboratoire d'amelioration des plantes et valorisation des agro-ressources, Ecole Nationale d'ingenieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Radhia Gargouri-Bouzid
- Laboratoire d'amelioration des plantes et valorisation des agro-ressources, Ecole Nationale d'ingenieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route Soukra Km 4, B.P 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nam KH, Kim DY, Pack IS, Kim CG. Compositional differences in hybrids between protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicide-resistant transgenic rice and weedy rice accessions. Food Chem 2020; 344:128584. [PMID: 33199119 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We characterized the metabolites in grains of transgenic protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase-inhibiting herbicide-resistant rice and weedy accessions using GC-MS and examined whether the chemical composition of their hybrids differed from that of the parents. We found that the metabolite profiles of transgenic rice and weedy rice were clearly separated. Although the metabolite profiles of F2 progeny were partially separated from their parents, zygosity did not affect the profiles. The F2 progeny had similar or intermediate levels of most major nutritional components compared with their parents. However, levels of galactopyranose, trehalose, xylofuranose, mannitol, and benzoic acid were higher in the F2 progeny. Some fatty acids and organic acids also showed prominent quantitative differences between the F2 progeny and the parents. Changes in the metabolite levels of transgenic crop-weed hybrids compared to their parents might influence not only the ecological consequences of the hybrids, but also the nutritional quality and food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Hee Nam
- LMO Research Team, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon 33657, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do Young Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soon Pack
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nouri-Ellouz O, Samet M, Fetoui H, Makni S, Chaabouni K, Makni-Ayadi F, Kallel C, Sellami-Boudawara T, Gargouri-Bouzid R. Nutritional quality assessment of two potato intraspecific somatic hybrid lines. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2016.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Nouri-Ellouz
- Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Département de Biologie et Géologie, BP 1172, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l’Amélioration des Cultures, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - M. Samet
- Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l’Amélioration des Cultures, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - H. Fetoui
- Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Laboratoire de Toxicologie-Microbiologie Environnementale et Santé, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - S. Makni
- Université de Sfax, Département de Pathologie, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - K. Chaabouni
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - F. Makni-Ayadi
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - C. Kallel
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire d’Hématologie, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - T. Sellami-Boudawara
- Université de Sfax, Département de Pathologie, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - R. Gargouri-Bouzid
- Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Département de Génie Biologique, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tamasi G, Cambi M, Gaggelli N, Autino A, Cresti M, Cini R. The content of selected minerals and vitamin C for potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum L.) from the high Tiber Valley area, southeast Tuscany. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Nouri-Ellouz O, Zeghal N, Makni S, Makni-Ayadi F, Trigui M, Ellouz-Ghorbel R, Drira N, Sellami-Boudawara T, Gargouri-Bouzid R. New food from a potato somatic hybrid: nutritional equivalence and safety assessment by a feeding study on rats. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:1911-1917. [PMID: 25199513 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato tubers from the STBd somatic hybrid line that exhibited improved tolerance to salinity and resistance to fungal and PVY infections were characterised. They were compared for their chemical composition to the Spunta variety produced by conventional agronomic practices. This study aimed to compare nutritional value and safety by feeding rats with STBd or commercial tubers added to the standard diet (20/80 w/w). RESULTS The analysis of soluble sugar, fat, fibre and ash content of tubers did not reveal any significant differences between the hybrid line and the control Spunta variety. Small differences were observed in dry matter, starch and protein content of hybrid potatoes in comparison to controls. However, all values were within normal ranges reported in the literature. The feeding study on rats showed that overall health, weight gain, food consumption, morphological aspects and weights of organs were comparable between rat groups fed the STBd hybrid and the Spunta variety. CONCLUSION Taken together, 28 days of consumption of STBd hybrid potato did not exert any adverse effect on rats compared with commercial Spunta potato. The STBd potato line was therefore considered to be as safe for food utilisation as the commercial variety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oumèma Nouri-Ellouz
- Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Département de Biologie et Géologie, BP 1172, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najiba Zeghal
- Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Makni
- Université de Sfax, Département de Pathologie, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Makni-Ayadi
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouhanad Trigui
- Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Département de Génie Biologique, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Ellouz-Ghorbel
- Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Département de Génie Biologique, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Drira
- Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, BP 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Radhia Gargouri-Bouzid
- Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Département de Génie Biologique, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fast BJ, Schafer AC, Johnson TY, Potts BL, Herman RA. Insect-protected event DAS-81419-2 soybean (Glycine max L.) grown in the United States and Brazil is compositionally equivalent to nontransgenic soybean. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:2063-73. [PMID: 25641393 PMCID: PMC4342727 DOI: 10.1021/jf505015y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The transgenic soybean event DAS-81419-2 contains genes that encode the Cry1F, Cry1Ac, and PAT proteins. Cry1F and Cry1Ac provide protection against key lepidopteran insect pests, while PAT confers tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate. To satisfy regulatory requirements for the safety evaluation of transgenic crops, studies were conducted in the United States and Brazil to evaluate the nutrient and antinutrient composition of event DAS-81419-2 soybean. On the basis of the results of these studies, event DAS-81419-2 soybean is compositionally equivalent to nontransgenic soybean. This conclusion concurs with numerous other published studies in soybean and other crops where compositional equivalence between the transgenic crop and its nontransgenic comparator has been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Fast
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Ariane C. Schafer
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda., Rod. Anhanguera Km 296, Cravinhos, SP 14140-000, Brazil
| | - Tempest Y. Johnson
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Brian L. Potts
- Covance
Laboratories Inc., 3301
Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Rod A. Herman
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The compositional equivalency between genetically modified (GM) crops and nontransgenic comparators has been a fundamental component of human health safety assessment for 20 years. During this time, a large amount of information has been amassed on the compositional changes that accompany both the transgenesis process and traditional breeding methods; additionally, the genetic mechanisms behind these changes have been elucidated. After two decades, scientists are encouraged to objectively assess this body of literature and determine if sufficient scientific uncertainty still exists to continue the general requirement for these studies to support the safety assessment of transgenic crops. It is concluded that suspect unintended compositional effects that could be caused by genetic modification have not materialized on the basis of this substantial literature. Hence, compositional equivalence studies uniquely required for GM crops may no longer be justified on the basis of scientific uncertainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rod A Herman
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The compositional analysis of genetically modified (GM) crops has continued to be an important part of the overall evaluation in the safety assessment program for these materials. The variety and complexity of genetically engineered traits and modes of action that will be used in GM crops in the near future, as well as our expanded knowledge of compositional variability and factors that can affect composition, raise questions about compositional analysis and how it should be applied to evaluate the safety of traits. The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), a nonprofit foundation whose mission is to provide science that improves public health and well-being by fostering collaboration among experts from academia, government, and industry, convened a workshop in September 2012 to examine these and related questions, and a series of papers has been assembled to describe the outcomes of that meeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Brune
- Product Safety, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Galdón BR, Rodríguez LH, Mesa DR, León HL, Pérez NL, Rodríguez Rodríguez EM, Romero CD. Differentiation of potato cultivars experimentally cultivated based on their chemical composition and by applying linear discriminant analysis. Food Chem 2012; 133:1241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
12
|
Harrigan GG, Glenn KC, Ridley WP. Assessing the natural variability in crop composition. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 58:S13-20. [PMID: 20832442 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The number of evaluations of the nutrient composition of food and feed crops has increased over the past 15years due to the introduction of new crops using the tools of modern biotechnology. The composition of these crops has been extensively compared with conventional (non-transgenic) controls as an integral part of the comparative safety assessment process. Following guidelines outlined in the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Consensus Documents, most of these studies have incorporated field trials at multiple geographies and a diverse range of commercially available varieties/hybrids that are analyzed to understand natural variability in composition due to genetic and environmental influences. Using studies conducted in the US, Argentina and Brazil over multiple growing seasons, this report documents the effect of geography, growing season, and genetic background on soybean composition where fatty acids and isoflavones were shown to be particularly variable. A separate investigation of 96 different maize hybrids grown at three locations in the US demonstrated that levels of free amino acids, sugars/polyols, and molecules associated with stress response can vary to a greater degree than that observed for more abundant components. The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) crop composition database has proven to be an important resource for collecting and disseminating nutrient composition data to promote a further understanding of the variability that occurs naturally in crops used for food and feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George G Harrigan
- Monsanto Company, Product Safety Center, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd, St Louis, MO 63167, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiao Z, Deng J, Li G, Zhang Z, Cai Z. Study on the compositional differences between transgenic and non-transgenic papaya (Carica papaya L.). J Food Compost Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
Khalf M, Goulet C, Vorster J, Brunelle F, Anguenot R, Fliss I, Michaud D. Tubers from potato lines expressing a tomato Kunitz protease inhibitor are substantially equivalent to parental and transgenic controls. Plant Biotechnol J 2010; 8:155-69. [PMID: 20051032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2009.00471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant protease inhibitors represent useful tools for the development of insect-resistant transgenic crops, but questions have been raised in recent years about the impact of these proteins on endogenous proteases and chemical composition of derived food products. In this study, we performed a detailed compositional analysis of tubers from potato lines expressing the broad-spectrum inhibitor of Ser and Asp proteases, tomato cathepsin D inhibitor (SlCDI), to detect possible unintended effects on tuber composition. A compositional analysis of key nutrients and toxic chemicals was carried out with tubers of SlCDI-expressing and control (comparator) lines, followed by a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) proteomic profiling of total and allergenic proteins to detect eventual effects at the proteome level. No significant differences were observed among control and SlCDI-expressing lines for most chemicals assayed, in line with the very low abundance of SlCDI in tubers. Likewise, proteins detected after 2-DE showed no quantitative variation among the lines, except for a few proteins in some control and test lines, independent of slcdi transgene expression. Components of the patatin storage protein complex and Kunitz protease inhibitors immunodetected after 2-DE showed unaltered deposition patterns in SlCDI-expressing lines, clearly suggesting a null impact of slcdi on the intrinsic allergenic potential of potato tubers. These data suggest, overall, a null impact of slcdi expression on tuber composition and substantial equivalence between comparator and SlCDI-expressing tubers despite reported effects on leaf protein catabolism. They also illustrate the usefulness of proteomics as a tool to assess the authenticity of foods derived from novel-generation transgenic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Khalf
- CRH/INAF, Pavillon des Services (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
By precisely manipulating the expression of individual genetic elements thought to be important for ecological performance, reverse genetics has the potential to revolutionize plant ecology. However, untested concerns about possible side-effects of the transformation technique, caused by Agrobacterium infection and tissue culture, on plant performance have stymied research by requiring onerous sample sizes. We compare 5 independently transformed Nicotiana attenuata lines harboring empty vector control (EVC) T-DNA lacking silencing information with isogenic wild types (WT), and measured a battery of ecologically relevant traits, known to be important in plant-herbivore interactions: phytohormones, secondary metabolites, growth and fitness parameters under stringent competitive conditions, and transcriptional regulation with microarrays. As a positive control, we included a line silenced in trypsin proteinase inhibitor gene (TPI) expression, a potent anti-herbivore defense known to exact fitness costs in its expression, in the analysis. The experiment was conducted twice, with 10 and 20 biological replicates per genotype. For all parameters, we detected no difference between any EVC and WT lines, but could readily detect a fitness benefit of silencing TPI production. A statistical power analyses revealed that the minimum sample sizes required for detecting significant fitness differences between EVC and WT was 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than the 10 replicates required to detect a fitness effect of TPI silencing. We conclude that possible side-effects of transformation are far too low to obfuscate the study of ecologically relevant phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Schwachtje
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Susan Kutschbach
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T. Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sadowska J, Budny J, Fornal J. Starch, protein, glycoalkaloids, and l-ascorbic acid content in tubers of genetically modified potato cv. Irga. Eur Food Res Technol 2008; 227:233-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Shepherd LVT, McNicol JW, Razzo R, Taylor MA, Davies HV. Assessing the potential for unintended effects in genetically modified potatoes perturbed in metabolic and developmental processes. Targeted analysis of key nutrients and anti-nutrients. Transgenic Res 2007; 15:409-25. [PMID: 16906442 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-006-0012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 02/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeted compositional analysis was carried out on transgenic potato tubers of either cultivar (cv.) Record or cv. Desirée to assess the potential for unintended effects caused by the genetic modification process. The range of transgenic lines analysed included those modified in primary carbohydrate metabolism, polyamine biosynthesis and glycoprotein processing. Controls included wildtype tubers, tubers produced from plants regenerated through tissue culture (including a callus phase) and tubers derived from transformation with the 'empty vector' i.e. no specific target gene included (with the exception of the kanamycin resistance gene as a selectable marker). Metabolite analysis included soluble carbohydrates, glycoalkaloids, vitamin C, total nitrogen and fatty acids. Trypsin inhibitor activity was also assayed. These cover the major compounds recommended by the OECD in their Consensus Document on Compositional Considerations for New Varieties of Potatoes: Key Food and Feed Nutrients, Anti-Nutrients and Toxicants (2002). Data was statistically analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for individual compounds and, where applicable, principal component analysis (PCA). In general, targeted compositional analysis revealed no consistent differences between GM lines and respective controls. No construct specifically induced unintended effects. Statistically significant differences between wildtype controls and specific GM lines did occur but appeared to be random and not associated with any specific construct. Indeed such significant differences were also found between wildtypes and both tissue culture derived tubers and tubers derived from transformation with the empty vector. This raises the possibility that somaclonal variation (known to occur significantly in potato, depending on genotype) may be responsible for an unknown proportion of any differences observed between specific GM lines and the wildtype. The most obvious differences seen in GC-MS profiles were between the two potato varieties used in the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise V T Shepherd
- Quality, Health and Nutrition Programme, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA, Dundee, Scotland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Potatoes, members of the Solanaceae plant family, serve as major, inexpensive low-fat food sources providing energy (starch), high-quality protein, fiber, and vitamins. Potatoes also produce biologically active secondary metabolites, which may have both adverse and beneficial effects in the diet. These include glycoalkaloids, calystegine alkaloids, protease inhibitors, lectins, phenolic compounds, and chlorophyll. Because glycoalkaloids are reported to be involved in host-plant resistance and to have a variety of adverse as well as beneficial effects in cells, animals, and humans, a need exists to develop a clearer understanding of their roles both in the plant and in the diet. To contribute to this effort, this integrated review presents data on the (a) history of glycoalkaloids; (b) glycoalkaloid content in different parts of the potato plant, in processed potato products, and in wild, transgenic, and organic potatoes; (c) biosynthesis, inheritance, plant molecular biology, and glycoalkaloid-plant phytopathogen relationships; (d) dietary significance with special focus on the chemistry, analysis, and nutritional quality of low-glycoalkaloid potato protein; (e) pharmacology and toxicology of the potato glycoalkaloids comprising alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine and their hydrolysis products (metabolites); (f) anticarcinogenic and other beneficial effects; and (g) possible dietary consequences of concurrent consumption of glycoalkaloids and other biologically active compounds present in fresh and processed potatoes. An enhanced understanding of the multiple and overlapping aspects of glycoalkaloids in the plant and in the diet will benefit producers and consumers of potatoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zdunczyk Z, Frejnagel S, Fornal J, Flis M, Palacios M, Flis B, Zagorski-Ostoja W. Biological response of rat fed diets with high tuber content of conventionally bred and transgenic potato resistant to necrotic strain of potato virus (PVYN) Part I. Chemical composition of tubers and nutritional value of diets. Food Control 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2004.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
20
|
Błaszczak W, Chrzanowska M, Fornal J, Zimnoch-guzowska E, Palacios M, Vacek J. Scanning electron microscopic investigation of different types of necroses in potato tubers. Food Control 2005; 16:747-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2004.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
21
|
Defernez M, Gunning YM, Parr AJ, Shepherd LVT, Davies HV, Colquhoun IJ. NMR and HPLC-UV profiling of potatoes with genetic modifications to metabolic pathways. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52:6075-6085. [PMID: 15453669 DOI: 10.1021/jf049522e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Metabolite profiling has been carried out to assess the compositional changes occurring in potato tubers after genetic modifications have been made to different metabolic pathways. Most major features in the (1)H NMR and HPLC-UV profiles of tuber extracts have been assigned. About 40 GM lines and controls belonging to 4 groups of samples (derived from cv. Record or cv. Desirée and modified in primary carbon metabolism, starch synthesis, glycoprotein processing, or polyamine/ethylene metabolism) were analyzed. Differences were assessed at the level of whole profiles (by PCA) or individual compounds (by ANOVA). The most obvious differences seen in both NMR and HPLC-UV profiles were between the two varieties. There were also significant differences between two of the four Desirée GM lines with modified polyamine metabolism and their controls. Compounds notably affected were proline, trigonelline, and numerous phenolics. However, that modification gave rise to a very abnormal phenotype. Certain lines from the other groups had several compounds present in significantly higher or lower amounts compared to the control, but the differences in mean values amounted to no more than a 2-3-fold change: in the context of variability in the whole data set, such changes did not appear to be important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Defernez
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nutritional and Safety Assessments of Foods and Feeds Nutritionally Improved through Biotechnology: An Executive Summary A Task Force Report by the International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, D.C. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2004; 3:35-104. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2004.tb00059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
23
|
Hlywka JJ, Reid JE, Munro IC. The use of consumption data to assess exposure to biotechnology-derived foods and the feasibility of identifying effects on human health through post-market monitoring. Food Chem Toxicol 2003; 41:1273-82. [PMID: 12909259 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pre-market safety assessment of foods derived through biotechnology provides a scientific basis for concluding reasonable certainty of no harm and ensuring safety. At a minimum, the outcome of such an assessment provides sufficient information to estimate the likelihood of adverse effects on consumers, generally precluding the need for post-market monitoring. Post-market monitoring (PMM) may be appropriate under certain conditions where a better estimate of dietary exposure and/or nutritional consequence of a biotechnology-derived food is required, when a potential safety issue, such as allergenicity, cannot be adequately addressed through pre-market studies, or to corroborate dietary intakes of a nutritionally improved food with beneficial effects on human health. Monitoring programs must be hypothesis-driven, and are dependent upon the availability of accurate consumption data. Exposure assessment methods include both deterministic and probabilistic estimates of intakes using food supply data, individual dietary surveys, household surveys, or total diet studies. In the development of a monitoring approach, resource allocation should be dependent upon both the desired level of conservatism and the endpoint of interest. However, the cost of monitoring varies substantially, and the potential to determine causation may be limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Hlywka
- Cantox Health Sciences International, Suite 308, 2233 Argentia Road, ON L5N 2X7 Mississauga, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Several strategies have been developed to identify unintended alterations in the composition of genetically modified (GM) food crops that may occur as a result of the genetic modification process. These include comparative chemical analysis of single compounds in GM food crops and their conventional non-GM counterparts, and profiling methods such as DNA/RNA microarray technologies, proteomics and metabolite profiling. The potential of profiling methods is obvious, but further exploration of specificity, sensitivity and validation is needed. Moreover, the successful application of profiling techniques to the safety evaluation of GM foods will require linked databases to be built that contain information on variations in profiles associated with differences in developmental stages and environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry A Kuiper
- RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, PO Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bianco G, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Crescenzi A, Comes S, Kettrup A, Cataldi TRI. Evaluation of glycoalkaloids in tubers of genetically modified virus Y-resistant potato plants (var. Désirée) by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (NACE-ESI-MS). Anal Bioanal Chem 2003; 375:799-804. [PMID: 12664181 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-1831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2002] [Revised: 01/24/2003] [Accepted: 01/24/2003] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The glycoalkaloid content of transgenic potatoes was evaluated by an optimised method based on non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled on-line with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (NACE-ESI-MS). The potato material consisted of tubers from a conventional cv. Désirée and from three lines of modified plants resistant, intermediate and susceptible to infection by potato virus Y (PVY). The main glycoalkaloids were confirmed to be alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine with parent ion masses m/z 852 and 868, respectively. In addition, an unknown minor peak at m/z 850.6 was found both in conventional (control) and susceptible line potato tubers. Such a compound exhibited an MS(2) spectrum with fragments ions at 704 and 396 m/z derived by loss of two ions, i.e. m/z 146 and 307, most likely corresponding to a rhamnose unit and a [glucose-(rhamnose)(2)] moiety, respectively. Up to 30-80-fold higher concentrations of total glycoalkaloids were found in the peel compared to flesh samples of all tubers examined. TGA content was nearly doubled in peel samples of resistant compared to control lines, and these levels were lower than the limit recommended for food safety, i.e. 20-60 mg of TGA per 100 g fresh weight. Moreover, it was established that tubers produced by virus-resistant clones are substantially equivalent in glycoalkaloid contents to those produced by conventional potato varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Th. Frenzel
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Am Forum 2, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - A. Miller
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Am Forum 2, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - K.-H. Engel
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Am Forum 2, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Corresponding author. Phone: +49 (0)8161 714250. Fax: +49 (0)8161 714259. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|