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Hung NQ, Hong Anh NT, Khang NS, Huong NTT, Luyenb NT, Hau DV, Dat NT. Undescribed chalcone and stilbene constituents from Lysimachia baviensis and their anti-inflammatory effect. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:1138-1145. [PMID: 34694186 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1994564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the endemic Lysimachia baviensis were investigated for the first time in this study. A phytochemical fractionation of the methanol extract of L. baviensis resulted in the isolation of a new stilbene (bavienside A, 1) and two new chalcone glycosides (baviensides B and C, 2 and 3). Their structures were elucidated via the interpretation of NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-3 strongly inhibited the production of nitric oxide in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells with the IC50 values of 6.23, 2.86 and 3.51 μM, respectively. The C-acetylstilbene and carbomethyl chalcone structures in compound 1 and 3 were found for the first time from natural source and could be important markers for chemotaxonomy of Lysimachia baviensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quang Hung
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Sinh Khang
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Dang Viet Hau
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Dat
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
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2
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Sochacki M, Vogt O. Triterpenoid Saponins from Washnut (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.)—A Source of Natural Surfactants and Other Active Components. Plants 2022; 11:2355. [PMID: 36145756 PMCID: PMC9502486 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn., also called the washnut, is a tropical tree of the Sapindaceae family. The plant owes its name to its cleaning and washing properties used by the local population as a natural detergent. The most important ingredients of the plant are triterpenoid saponins contained in many parts of the plant, inducing fruits, galls, or roots. The tree also contains other valuable, biologically active compounds that are obtained by extraction methods. Raw or purified extract and isolated saponins are valuable plant products that can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and chemical industries. This review includes the most important biological and surfactant properties of extracts and isolated saponins obtained from various parts of the plant.
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Pradhan A, Bhattacharyya A. Natural surfactant system: precursor flow in one-shot two-dimensional foam drainage. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2021; 44:110. [PMID: 34463839 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00114-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Foam drainage, the downward flow of the intervening liquid due to gravity, surface tension and viscosity, is an important factor for foam stability. Forced drainage (adding liquid to a foam column from the top) is used to study liquid flow characteristics in foam. The different competing phenomena involved in the vertical and horizontal movement is studied by visually monitoring the draining liquid using a dye. Hence, this study is called two-dimensional (2D) drainage, horizontal movement being considered as just one dimension. We report, for the first time, 2D forced drainage in a natural surfactant extracted from Sapindus mukorossi. Draining wave front flows vertically and spreads horizontally. Vertical front position proceeds with time in a power law whose exponent indicates a Poiseuille flow, like synthetic surfactants. The wave front begins as a conic form downstream producing an expanding ellipsoid with time. The liquid fraction, taken as light intensity at any point, follows a Gaussian distribution along the horizontal. There is an asymmetric Gaussian distribution along the vertical which distorts after 10 s, indicating two types of flow occurring simultaneously. Two such liquid movements through foam have not been reported in the literature. The reason behind these two types of flow needs further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Pradhan
- Department of Physics, SRM University Sikkim, 5th Mile Tadong, Gangtok, East Sikkim, 737102, India.
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Xu Y, Gao Y, Chen Z, Zhao G, Liu J, Wang X, Gao S, Zhang D, Jia L. Metabolomics analysis of the soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.) pericarp during fruit development and ripening based on UHPLC-HRMS. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11657. [PMID: 34079016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.) is a multi-functional tree with widespread application in toiletries, biomedicine, biomass energy, and landscaping. The pericarp of soapberry can be used as a medicine or detergent. However, there is currently no systematic study on the chemical constituents of soapberry pericarp during fruit development and ripening, and the dynamic changes in these constituents still unclear. In this study, a non-targeted metabolomics approach using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) was used to comprehensively profile the variations in metabolites in the soapberry pericarp at eight fruit growth stages. The metabolome coverage of UHPLC-HRMS on a HILIC column was higher than that of a C18 column. A total of 111 metabolites were putatively annotated. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis of pericarp metabolic composition revealed clear metabolic shifts from early (S1–S2) to late (S3–S5) development stages to fruit ripening stages (S6–S8). Furthermore, pairwise comparison identified 57 differential metabolites that were involved in 18 KEGG pathways. Early fruit development stages (S1–S2) were characterized by high levels of key fatty acids, nucleotides, organic acids, and phosphorylated intermediates, whereas fruit ripening stages (S6–S8) were characterized by high contents of bioactive and valuable metabolites, such as troxipide, vorinostat, furamizole, alpha-tocopherol quinone, luteolin, and sucrose. S8 (fully developed and mature stage) was the most suitable stage for fruit harvesting to utilize the pericarp. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first metabolomics study of the soapberry pericarp during whole fruit growth. The results could offer valuable information for harvesting, processing, and application of soapberry pericarp, as well as highlight the metabolites that could mediate the biological activity or properties of this medicinal plant.
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Abstract
Fermentation was used to further purify saponins extracted from the pericarp of Sapindus; both the purity and foam half-life was greatly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- China
| | - Ruili Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- China
| | - Fangyuan Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- China
| | - Guoqing Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Technical Center
- China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co. Ltd
- Chengdu 610066
- China
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Lin YH, Nien CJ, Chen LG, Lee SY, Chang WJ, Pan YH, Hsieh SC, Huang HM. Sapindus mukorossiSeed Oil Changes Tyrosinase Activity of α-MSH-Induced B16F10 Cells Via the Antimelanogenesic Effect of Eicosenoic Acid. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20972295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is a complex process that can lead to pigmentation defects. Various chemical skin-lightening products have been developed to treat pigmentation disorders. However, these chemical products can cause harmful adverse effects. Therefore, the development of safer, natural bleaching ingredients is a trend for sustainability. It has been reported that unsaturated fatty acids exhibit significant antimelanogenic effects. Sapindus mukorossi seed oils contain abundant unsaturated fatty acids; however, these have not yet been investigated for beneficial effects on skin tone evenness. In this study, we tested the possibility of using S. mukorossi oil for the treatment of hyperpigmentation in an in vitro model. Free fatty acid compositions and β-sitosterol were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-pressure liquid chromatography, respectively. The effect of S. mukorossi oil on melanoma B16F10 cell viability was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. The inhibitive effects of fatty acids and β-sitosterol in S. mukorossi oil on α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)-induced melanogenesis was evaluated by detecting melanin formation and tyrosinase activity. Our results showed that S. mukorossi oil produced no significant cytotoxicity in B16F10 cells at various concentrations compared with the control group. The enhancement of melanin formation induced by α-MSH was reduced by S. mukorossi oil. We also found that the primary fatty acid contributing to the antimelanogenesis effect was eicosenoic acid. These results suggest that S. mukorossi seed oil can effectively inhibit melanogenesis and has the potential for future development as a de-hyperpigmentation product within a waste utilization context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Chia-Jen Nien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Lih-Geeng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Yu-Hwa Pan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei
- Graduate Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Sung-Chih Hsieh
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
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Biswas T, Dwivedi UN. Plant triterpenoid saponins: biosynthesis, in vitro production, and pharmacological relevance. Protoplasma 2019; 256:1463-1486. [PMID: 31297656 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The saponins are a diverse class of natural products, with a broad scale distribution across different plant species. Chemically characterized as triterpenoid glycosides, they posses a 30C oxidosqualene precursor-based aglycone moiety (sapogenin), to which glycosyl residues are subsequently attached to yield the corresponding saponin. Based on the chemically distinct aglycone moieties, broadly, they are divided into triterpenoid saponins (dammaranes, ursanes, oleananes, lupanes, hopanes, etc.) and the sterol glycosides. This review aims to present in detail the biosynthesis patterns of the different aglycones from a common precursor and their glycosylation patterns to yield the functionally active glycoside. The review also presents recent advances in the pharmacological activities of these saponins, particularly as potent anti-neoplastic pharmacophores, antioxidants, or anti-viral/antibacterial agents. Since alternate production pedestals for these pharmacologically important triterpenes via cell and tissue cultures are an attractive option for their sustainable production, recent trends in the variety and scale of in vitro production of plant triterpenoids have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Upendra N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
- Institute for Development of Advanced Computing, ONGC Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
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8
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Zhao G, Gao Y, Gao S, Xu Y, Liu J, Sun C, Gao Y, Liu S, Chen Z, Jia L. The Phenological Growth Stages of Sapindus mukorossi According to BBCH Scale. Forests 2019; 10:462. [DOI: 10.3390/f10060462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sapindus mukorossi is a native tree in southern China that has multiple useful functions, including high landscaping, ecological, esthetic, and economic values. More importantly, its fruits are being rapidly developed as raw materials for bioenergy and saponin production in southern China. To provide a standardized phenological description of the species, this study firstly used the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und CHemische Industrie) scale. In total, eight principal stages—i.e., bud, leaf and shoot development, inflorescence emergence, flowering, fruit development, fruit maturity, senescence and beginning of dormancy—and 58 secondary stages were described. It ranges from vegetative bud dormancy to the onset of the next beginning of the dormancy, using a two-digit numerical coding system. In addition to the descriptions, we provide photographic images of some major developmental stages to standardize morphological characteristics and the phenological observation of S. mukorossi. This study will be an asset for biological researches and cultivation management in Sapindus, and will provide valuable information for other fruit trees.
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Chen CC, Nien CJ, Chen LG, Huang KY, Chang WJ, Huang HM. Effects of Sapindus mukorossi Seed Oil on Skin Wound Healing: In Vivo and in Vitro Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102579. [PMID: 31130677 PMCID: PMC6567820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sapindus mukorossi seed oil is commonly used as a source for biodiesel fuel. Its phytochemical composition is similar to the extracted oil from Sapindus trifoliatus seeds, which exhibit beneficial effects for skin wound healing. Since S. mukorossi seed shows no cyanogenic property, it could be a potential candidate for the treatment of skin wounds. Thus, we evaluated the effectiveness of S. mukorossi seed oil in the treatment of skin wounds. We characterized and quantified the fatty acids and unsaponifiable fractions (including β-sitosterol and δ-tocopherol) contained in S. mukorossi seed-extracted oil by GC-MS and HPLC, respectively. Cell proliferation and migratory ability were evaluated by cell viability and scratch experiments using CCD-966SK cells treated with S. mukorossi oil. The anti-inflammatory effects of the oil were evaluated by measuring the nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Antimicrobial activity tests were performed with Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans using a modified Japanese Industrial Standard procedure. Uniform artificial wounds were created on the dorsum of rats. The wounds were treated with a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/hyaluronic acid (HA)/sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel for releasing the S. mukorossi seed oil. The wound sizes were measured photographically for 12 days and were compared to wounds covered with analogous membranes containing a saline solution. Our results showed that the S. mukorossi seed oil used in this study contains abundant monounsaturated fatty acids, β-sitosterol, and δ-tocopherol. In the in vitro tests, S. mukorossi seed oil prompted cell proliferation and migration capability. Additionally, the oil had significant anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. In the in vivo animal experiments, S. mukorossi seed oil-treated wounds revealed acceleration of sequential skin wound healing events after two days of healing. The size of oil-treated wound decreased to half the size of the untreated control after eight days of healing. The results suggest that S. mukorossi seed oil could be a potential source for promoting skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chih Chen
- Emergency Department, Mackay Momorial Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Medical School, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jen Nien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Lih-Geeng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
| | - Kuen-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Chen PY, Chang CC, Huang HC, Zhang LJ, Liaw CC, Lin YC, Nguyen NL, Vo TH, Cheng YY, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH, Kuo YH. New Dammarane-type Saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Molecules 2019; 24:E1375. [PMID: 30965662 PMCID: PMC6480664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Six new dammarane-type saponins, gypenosides CP1-6 (16), along with 19 known compounds 7⁻25, were isolated and characterized from the aerial parts of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Among these compounds, eight dammarane-type saponins, 2, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, and 15, exhibited the greatest antiproliferative effects against two human tumor cell lines (A549 and HepG2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yen Chen
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chao Chang
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ching Liaw
- Department of Research and Development, Starsci Biotech Co. Ltd., Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Nham-Linh Nguyen
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- The Ph.D. program in Clinical Drug Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Thanh-Hoa Vo
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- The Ph.D. program in Clinical Drug Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Yi Cheng
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA.
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA.
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA.
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- The Ph.D. program in Clinical Drug Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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11
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Liu M, Chen YL, Kuo YH, Lu MK, Liao CC. Aqueous extract of Sapindus mukorossi induced cell death of A549 cells and exhibited antitumor property in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4831. [PMID: 29555954 PMCID: PMC5859273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sapindus mukorossi is a deciduous plant and has recently been recognized to have anticancer property. In the present study, we discovered that S. mukorossi leaf and stem aqueous extract (SaM) contained two polysaccharides mainly made of myo-inositol, galactose, glucose, and fructose and the aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor property the aqueous extract SaM. In vitro treatment of SaM diminished proliferative potential of lung adenocarcinomic cells and induced intracellular oxidative stress, as well as necrotic cell death. Moreover, exposure to SaM attenuated cell migration, demonstrating the effectiveness at reducing invasive property of malignant lung cells. Gene and protein expression studies indicated that SaM treatment altered the expression of proliferation/survival modulator NF-κB, tumor growth modulator ERK2, metastasis-associated molecules MMP9/12, and tumor suppressor p53 in A549 cells. Using model animals bearing Lewis lung cancer cell LL/2, we demonstrated that SaM was antitumoral and did not induce any undesired organ damage, immunotoxicity, and off-target inflammation. This work, to our knowledge, is the first study documents the antitumor bioactivity of aqueous extract riched in polysaccharides from S. mukorossi and provides insights into the potential pharmacological application of SaM as antitumor agent against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Republic of China. .,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Republic of China.
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medial University, Taichung, Republic of China.,Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Mei-Kuang Lu
- Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Ching Liao
- Department of Biology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Republic of China
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12
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Hu Q, Chen YY, Jiao QY, Khan A, Li F, Han DF, Cao GD, Lou HX. Triterpenoid saponins from the pulp of Sapindus mukorossi and their antifungal activities. Phytochemistry 2018; 147:1-8. [PMID: 29257999 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Under the guidance of anti-fungal bioassay, four previously undescribed oleanane-type and one lupane-type triterpenoid saponins, along with twelve known analogues, were isolated from the extract of Sapindus mukorossi pulps. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. In vitro biotests, oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside showed inhibitory activity against Trichophyton rubrum with MIC80 value of 8 μg/mL, while oleanolic acid 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside exhibited inhibitory activity against both Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans with MIC80 values of 8 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China; Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research and Development Department, Natural Products Laboratory, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Yang Jiao
- Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research and Development Department, Natural Products Laboratory, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Feng Li
- Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research and Development Department, Natural Products Laboratory, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Feng Han
- Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research and Development Department, Natural Products Laboratory, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Dong Cao
- Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Research and Development Department, Natural Products Laboratory, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Ho VD, Hoang TNH, Vo QH, Phan VK, Le TA, Pham VT, Nguyen MH, Kodama T, Ito T, Morita H, Raal A, Nguyen TH. Cycloartane-type triterpene glycosides anopanins A-C with monoacyldigalactosylglycerols from Anodendron paniculatum. Phytochemistry 2017; 144:113-118. [PMID: 28923322 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three cycloartane-type triterpene glycosides (anopanins A-C), together with three known monoacyldigalactosylglycerols gingerglycolipids A-C and (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl-3-O-[α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-galactopyranosyl]-sn-glycerol, were isolated from the aerial parts of Anodendron paniculatum collected in Viet Nam. The chemical structures of the present compounds were elucidated by means of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopy, and by comparing to the reported data in the literature. These compounds did not show significant growth inhibitory activities (IC50 > 100 μg/mL) against the tested cancer cell lines LU-1 (lung adenocarcinoma), KB (epidermoid carcinoma), Hep-G2 (hepatoma cancer), MKN-7 (stomach cancer), and SW-480 (colon adenocarcinoma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Duc Ho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen, Hue City, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Nhu Hanh Hoang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hue University's College of Sciences, 77 Nguyen Hue, Hue City, Viet Nam
| | - Quoc Hung Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen, Hue City, Viet Nam
| | - Van Kiem Phan
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tuan Anh Le
- Quang Tri Center of Science and Technology, Mientrung Inst. for Scientific Research, VAST, Dien Bien Phu, Dong Ha, Quang Tri, Viet Nam
| | - Viet Ty Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hue University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue City, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Hien Nguyen
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kodama
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takuya Ito
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ain Raal
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, 1 Nooruse str., 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Thi Hoai Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen, Hue City, Viet Nam
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Wei M, Wu H, Xie Y, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H, Chen Y, Yao W. In vitro anti-microorganism activity and detergency of Sapindus mukorossi extract based on surfactive nature. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017; 80:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Peng Q, Zhang Q, Xiao W, Shao M, Fan Q, Zhang H, Zou Y, Li X, Xu W, Mo Z, Cai H. Protective effects of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn against fatty liver disease induced by high fat diet in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:685-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Zhang XM, Yang DP, Xie ZY, Xue X, Zhu LP, Wang DM, Zhao ZM. A new triterpenoid saponin and an oligosaccharide isolated from the fruits of Sapindus mukorossi. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1058-64. [PMID: 24800793 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.905559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new triterpenoid saponin (1) and a new oligosaccharide (2), together with three known saponins (3-5), have been isolated from n-BuOH extract of the fruits of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. The structures were elucidated using detailed analysis of one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectra along with their mass spectrometric data and the results of acid hydrolysis. Of the isolated compounds 1 and 3-5 displayed cytotoxic effects against human cancer cell lines in A-549 (lung carcinoma), MDA-231 (breast carcinoma) and PC-3 (prostatic carcinoma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Ming Zhang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , 132 Waihuan Rd East, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China
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Sharma A, Sati SC, Sati OP, Sati MD, Kothiyal SK, Semwal DK, Mehta A. A New Triterpenoid Saponin and Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. J CHEM-NY 2013; 2013:1-5. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/218510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new acetylated triterpenoid saponin elucidated as hederagenin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (2→1)-[3-O-acetyl-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosylester has been isolated from pericarps ofSapindus mukorossiGaertn. The structure of the compound was determined by means of chemical and spectral analysis including advanced 2D NMR studies. The ethanolic extract from pericarps of the plant showed significantin vitroantimicrobial activity against various test organisms by Agar well diffusion method.
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Yu T, Wu X, Yang J. A New Synthetic Method of (Z)-4-Aryl-but-2-en-1-ols via Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction of 4-Substituted 1,2-Oxaborol-2(5H)-ols with Benzyl Bromides. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201201122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Sapindus mukorossi is an extremely valuable medicinal plant, distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Asia. The aim of present review is to form a short compilation of the phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties of this multipurpose tree. The main phytoconstituents isolated and identified from different parts of this plant are triterpenoidal saponins of oleanane, dammarane and tirucullane type. The structure and chemical names of all the types of triterpenoidal saponins reported in Sapindus mukorossi are included in this review. Many research studies have been conducted to prove the plant's potential as being spermicidal, contraceptive, hepatoprotective, emetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-protozoal. The present review highlights some of the salient pharmacological uses of Sapindus mukorossi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Upadhyay
- Department of Zoology, Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, U.P, India
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Yin SW, Chen JC, Sun SD, Tang CH, Yang XQ, Wen QB, Qi JR. Physicochemical and structural characterisation of protein isolate, globulin and albumin from soapnut seeds (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.). Food Chem 2011; 128:420-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hsu YW, Hsu LC, Liang YH, Kuo YH, Pan TM. New bioactive orange pigments with yellow fluorescence from Monascus-fermented dioscorea. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:4512-8. [PMID: 21506577 DOI: 10.1021/jf1045987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Red mold dioscorea (RMD) is a fermented product of Monascus purpureus NTU 568 using dioscorea as culture substrate. To investigate the bioactive components of RMD, six orange pigments including four new azaphilones with yellow fluorescence, monapilol A-D (1-4), and known monascorubrin (5) and rubropunctatin (6) were isolated and characterized. Structural elucidation of new isolates was based on nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) and other spectroscopic analyses. The structures of monapilols (1-4) were similar to those of monascorubrin (5) and rubropunctatin (6); however, the hydroxyl group (8-OH) in compounds 1-4 substituted for the C-8 carbonyl in compounds 5 and 6. Biological evaluation indicated that compounds 1-4 inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 1-4 also exhibited antiproliferative activities against human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp-2) and human colon adenocarinoma (WiDr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Hsu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Hsu YW, Hsu LC, Liang YH, Kuo YH, Pan TM. Monaphilones A-C, three new antiproliferative azaphilone derivatives from Monascus purpureus NTU 568. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:8211-8216. [PMID: 20597545 DOI: 10.1021/jf100930j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Monascus purpureus NTU 568 was a mutant strain from M. purpureus HM105. The methanol extract of red mold rice fermented by this strain exhibited four major yellow pigment signals on HPLC profile. By repeated chemical chromatography methods, three new azaphilone derivatives, namely, monaphilone A (1), B (2) and C (3), along with the known pigments ankaflavin (4) and monascin (5), were isolated and characterized. Based on spectroscopic analyses, mainly 1D and 2D NMR data, the structures of compounds 1-3 were completely elucidated; in addition, 1-3 were determined to be new azaphilone structures, due to the decrease of carbon monoxide for producing a gamma-lactone ring, compared with other azaphilone derivatives. Biological evaluations showed that monaphilone A (1) and B (2) exhibited an antiproliferative effect against HEp-2 (human laryngeal carcinoma cell line) and WiDr (human colon adenocarcinoma cell line), and none of the five compounds had toxicity to normal human lung cell lines (WI-38 and MRC-5) at 70 muM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Hwang TL, Wang CC, Kuo YH, Huang HC, Wu YC, Kuo LM, Wu YH. The hederagenin saponin SMG-1 is a natural FMLP receptor inhibitor that suppresses human neutrophil activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1190-200. [PMID: 20599799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The pericarp of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn is traditionally used as an expectorant in Japan, China, and Taiwan. Activated neutrophils produce high concentrations of the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) and elastase known to be involved in airway mucus hypersecretion. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory functions of hederagenin 3-O-(3,4-O-di-acetyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside)-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside (SMG-1), a saponin isolated from S. mukorossi, and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in human neutrophils. SMG-1 potently and concentration-dependently inhibited O(2)(*-) generation and elastase release in N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP)-activated human neutrophils. Furthermore, SMG-1 reduced membrane-associated p47(phox) expression in FMLP-induced intact neutrophils, but did not alter subcellular NADPH oxidase activity in reconstituted systems. SMG-1 attenuated FMLP-induced increase of cytosolic calcium concentration and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK, JNK, and AKT. However, SMG-1 displayed no effect on cellular cAMP levels and activity of adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase. Significantly, receptor-binding analysis showed that SMG-1 inhibited FMLP binding to its receptor in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, neither phorbol myristate acetate-induced O(2)(*-) generation and MAPKs activation nor thapsigargin-caused calcium mobilization was altered by SMG-1. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SMG-1 is a natural inhibitor of the FMLP receptor, which may have the potential to be developed into a useful new therapeutic agent for treating neutrophilic inflammatory diseases.
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Man S, Gao W, Zhang Y, Huang L, Liu C. Chemical study and medical application of saponins as anti-cancer agents. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:703-14. [PMID: 20550961 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are a group of naturally occurring plant glycosides, characterized by their strong foam-forming properties in aqueous solution. The presence of saponins has been reported in more than 100 families of plants out of which at least 150 kinds of natural saponins have been found to possess significant anti-cancer properties. There are more than 11 distinguished classes of saponins including dammaranes, tirucallanes, lupanes, hopanes, oleananes, taraxasteranes, ursanes, cycloartanes, lanostanes, cucurbitanes and steroids. Due to the great variability of their structures, saponins always display anti-tumorigenic effects through varieties of antitumor pathways. In addition, there are a large amount of saponins that still either remain to be trapped or studied in details by the medicinal chemists. This article reviews many such structures and their related chemistry along with the recent advances in understanding mechanism of action and structure-function relationships of saponins at the molecular and cellular levels. These aglycones have been described and their classification and distribution have been listed in the review. Some special saponins with strong antitumor effects have also been exhibited. Ginsenosides, belonging to dammaranes, have been found beneficial targeted on inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by suppressing its inducer in the endothelial cells of blood vessels, and then on prevention of adhering, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. Dioscin, one of the steroidal saponins, and its aglycone diosgenin also have been extensively studied on its antitumor effect by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Other important molecules discussed include oleanane saponins such as avicins, platycodons, saikosaponins, and soysaponins along with tubeimosides.
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Chen CY, Kuo PL, Chen YH, Huang JC, Ho ML, Lin RJ, Chang JS, Wang HM. Tyrosinase inhibition, free radical scavenging, antimicroorganism and anticancer proliferation activities of Sapindus mukorossi extracts. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids including squalene derivatives, protostanes, lanostanes, holostanes, cycloartanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, quassinoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, isomalabaricanes and saponins. The literature from January 2005 to December 2006 is reviewed and 478 references are cited.
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Huang HC, Wu MD, Tsai WJ, Liao SC, Liaw CC, Hsu LC, Wu YC, Kuo YH. Triterpenoid saponins from the fruits and galls of Sapindus mukorossi. Phytochemistry 2008; 69:1609-16. [PMID: 18329676 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Six saponins, sapinmusaponin K (1) [hederagenin-3-O-(3-O-acetyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside], sapinmusaponin L (2) [hederagenin-3-O-(4-O-acetyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabino-pyranoside], sapinmusaponin M (3) [hederagenin-3-O-(2,3-O-diacetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside], sapinmusaponin N (4) [hederagenin-3-O-(2,4-O-diacetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside], sapinmusaponin O (5) [3,7,20(S)-trihydroxydammar-24-ene-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside], and sapinmusaponin P (6) [3,7,20(R)-trihydroxydammar-24-ene-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-d-glucopyranoside], along with seven known saponins (7-13), were isolated from fruits and the galls of Sapindus mukorossi. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and acid hydrolysis. Biological evaluation indicated that saponins 1-4 and 7-13 showed moderate cytotoxicity against several human tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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Huang HC, Tsai WJ, Liaw CC, Wu SH, Wu YC, Kuo YH. Anti-platelet aggregation triterpene saponins from the galls of Sapindus mukorossi. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:1412-5. [PMID: 17827775 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-directed fractionation of an ethanolic extract of the galls of Sapindus mukorossi has resulted in the isolation of two new tirucallane-type triterpenoid saponins, sapinmusaponins Q (1) and R (2), along with three known oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins (3-5). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical hydrolysis. Biological evaluation showed that both sapinmusaponins Q and R demonstrated more potent anti-platelet aggregation activity than aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Six new tirucallane-type triterpenoid saponins, sapimukosides E-J (1-6) were isolated from the roots of Sapindus mukorossi GAERTN. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectral and chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
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Kuo CY, Wu MJ, Kuo YH. Synthesis and antitumor activity of cis-dichloroplatinum(II) complexes of 1-(2-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:940-9. [PMID: 16647164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen cis-dichloroplatinum complexes (5a-5o) were synthesized by treatment of 1-(2-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-THIQs (4a-4o) with K(2)PtCl(4). The antitumor activity of these compounds was examined against four different human tumor cell lines. Their structure-activity relationships for antitumor activity are reported. All of these compounds exhibited activity against MCF-7 cell line and showed good activity against WiDr cell line except 5c and 5f. On the other hand, compounds 5j and 5o are more active than the other compounds against Hepa59T/VGH cell line. The electron-donating group at the 6-position of isoquinoline ring seems to decrease the antitumor activity and the chloro substituent at the C-4 position of the aniline ring shown the highest potency. The "trans influence" dominates the control of the stability of [1-(2-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-THIQ]dichloroplatinums(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Kuo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Yung-Ta Institute of Technology and Commerce, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC
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