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Sadaphal VA, Liu RS. Reactions of 1,3-Diphenyl Cyclopentadiene with α-Aryldiazo Ketones to Enable C-H Insertions versus [4 + 2]-Cycloadditions via Au Catalyst and P(C 6F 5) 3 Additive, Respectively. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14899-14910. [PMID: 37857361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Two distinct reaction chemoselectivities were reported for the reactions of α-aryldiazo ketone with 1,3-diphenylcyclopentadiene using gold catalyst and phosphine additives, respectively. In the presence of gold catalyst, α-aryldiazo ketone forms gold carbenes initially that are trapped with this 1,3-disubstituted cyclopentadiene to afford C-H insertion products. In the presence of P(C6F5)3 additive, α-aryldiazo ketone forms diarylketenes initially at elevated temperature, which are further stabilized by P(C6F5)3 to secure their entity before proceeding to unprecedented [4C + 2C] cycloadditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Ashokrao Sadaphal
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
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Hu C, Wang T, Rudolph M, Oeser T, Asiri AM, Hashmi ASK. Gold(I)‐katalysierte Cycloisomerisierung von 3‐Alkoxy‐1,6‐diinen: ein einfacher Zugang zu Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐en‐2‐onen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Tao Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Thomas Oeser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi-Arabien
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi-Arabien
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Hu C, Wang T, Rudolph M, Oeser T, Asiri AM, Hashmi ASK. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 3-Alkoxyl-1,6-diynes: A Facile Access to Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-ones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8522-8526. [PMID: 31972059 PMCID: PMC7318145 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel gold‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,6‐diynes was achieved, providing an atom‐economic approach to a diverse set of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐en‐2‐ones in moderate to good yields. With unsymmetrical starting materials with two different internal alkynyl substituents, to some extent, the regioselectivity could be controlled by both electronic and steric factors. This unprecedented reactivity pattern may inspire new and unconventional strategies for the preparation of bridged ring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Oeser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Dubey R, Patil K, Dantu SC, Sardesai DM, Bhatia P, Malik N, Acharya JD, Sarkar S, Ghosh S, Chakrabarti R, Sharma S, Kumar A. Azadirachtin inhibits amyloid formation, disaggregates pre-formed fibrils and protects pancreatic β-cells from human islet amyloid polypeptide/amylin-induced cytotoxicity. Biochem J 2019; 476:889-907. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) or amylin is the major constituent of amyloidogenic aggregates found in pancreatic islets of type 2 diabetic patients that have been associated with β-cell dysfunction and/or death associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, developing and/or identifying inhibitors of hIAPP aggregation pathway and/or compound that can mediate disaggregation of preformed aggregates holds promise as a medical intervention for T2DM management. In the current study, the anti-amyloidogenic potential of Azadirachtin (AZD)—a secondary metabolite isolated from traditional medicinal plant Neem (Azadirachta indica)—was investigated by using a combination of biophysical and cellular assays. Our results indicate that AZD supplementation not only inhibits hIAPP aggregation but also disaggregates pre-existing hIAPP fibrils by forming amorphous aggregates that are non-toxic to pancreatic β-cells. Furthermore, AZD supplementation in pancreatic β-cells (INS-1E) resulted in inhibition of oxidative stress; along with restoration of the DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and the associated membrane damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial membrane potential. AZD treatment also restored glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets exposed to hIAPP. All-atom molecular dynamics simulation studies on full-length hIAPP pentamer with AZD suggested that AZD interacted with four possible binding sites in the amyloidogenic region of hIAPP. In summary, our results suggest AZD to be a promising candidate for combating T2DM and related amyloidogenic disorders.
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Salter R, Beshore DC, Colletti SL, Evans L, Gong Y, Helmy R, Liu Y, Maciolek CM, Martin G, Pajkovic N, Phipps R, Small J, Steele J, de Vries R, Williams H, Martin IJ. Microbial biotransformation – an important tool for the study of drug metabolism. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:877-886. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1512018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Salter
- Department of Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yong Gong
- Department of Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Roy Helmy
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Preclinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Cheri M. Maciolek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Gary Martin
- Department of Global Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Natasa Pajkovic
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | | | - James Small
- Department of Global Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | | | - Ronald de Vries
- Department of Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Iain J. Martin
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
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Yang QQ, Xiao W, Du W, Ouyang Q, Chen YC. Asymmetric [4+2] annulations to construct norcamphor scaffolds with 2-cyclopentenone via double amine–thiol catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1129-1132. [PMID: 29334089 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A double catalytic system combining chiral amine and 2-mercaptobenzoic acid is applied for α′,β-regioselective [4+2] annulations of 2-cyclopentenone with diverse activated alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
- China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing 400038
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Fu JG, Shan YF, Sun WB, Lin GQ, Sun BF. An asymmetric approach to bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylates via a formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction enabled by organocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5229-32. [PMID: 27219468 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00814c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An organocatalytic formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction has been realized that permits rapid access to a wide range of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylates in a highly enantioselective manner from simple starting materials under mild and operationally simple conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Zheng Z, Seo H, Kwak HJ, Kim KY, Ahn JH, Bae MA, Song JS. Pharmacokinetic characterization of 2-(3-benzoyl)-4-hydroxy-1,1-dioxo-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-2-yl-1-phenylethanone, a novel 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:492-498. [PMID: 26780247 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) is associated with metabolic syndromes such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. A new 11β-HSD1 inhibitor known as 2-(3-benzoyl)-4-hydroxy-1, 1-dioxo-2H-1, 2-benzothiazine-2-yl-1-phenylethanone (KR-66344) is being developed as a therapeutic agent for these metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of KR-66344 to support further preclinical development. KR-66344 showed high liver microsomal stability with T1/2 values >3 h and high permeability with apparent permeability coefficients of 15.2-24.2 × 10(-6) cm/s in Caco-2 cell monolayers. KR-66344 was also strongly bound to plasma proteins (>98%). After intravenous dosing, KR-66344 exhibited low systemic clearance (0.27-0.37 L/h/kg) and a low to moderate volume of distribution at steady state (0.79-0.8 L/kg). The bioavailability and terminal half-lives of KR-66344 following oral administration were 25% and 1.7-3.3 h, respectively. In addition, KR-66344 showed dose-independent pharmacokinetics at 0.5-10 mg/kg in intravenous and oral pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Drug Discovery Platform Technology Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Hyewon Seo
- Drug Discovery Platform Technology Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwak
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Drug Discovery Platform Technology Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Drug Discovery Platform Technology Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Song
- Drug Discovery Platform Technology Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Mose R, Jensen ME, Preegel G, Jørgensen KA. Direct Access to Multifunctionalized Norcamphor Scaffolds by Asymmetric Organocatalytic Diels-Alder Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13630-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Mose R, Jensen ME, Preegel G, Jørgensen KA. Direct Access to Multifunctionalized Norcamphor Scaffolds by Asymmetric Organocatalytic Diels-Alder Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Scott
- AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Frederick W. Goldberg
- AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Andrew V. Turnbull
- AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
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Nair SK, Matthews JJ, Cripps SJ, Cheng H, Hoffman JE, Smith C, Kupchinsky S, Siu M, Taylor WD, Wang Y, Johnson TO, Dress KR, Edwards MP, Zhou S, Hosea NA, LaPaglia A, Kang P, Castro A, Ermolieff J, Fanjul A, Vogel JE, Rejto P, Dalvie D. N-(Pyridin-2-yl) arylsulfonamide inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: Strategies to eliminate reactive metabolites. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2344-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Gao Q, Kimura RE, Zhang X, Nam J, Amore BM, Hickman D, Greg Slatter J, Emery MG. Intestinal and hepatic first-pass extraction of the 11β-HSD1 inhibitor AMG 221 in rats with chronic vascular catheters. Xenobiotica 2013; 44:264-9. [PMID: 23517558 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.769074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. A catheterized rat model was used to define the intestinal and hepatic components of oral bioavailability for an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, AMG 221. These data were integrated with standard in vivo metabolism studies to elucidate the components contributing to the oral disposition of a novel drug candidate. 2. Intestinal and hepatic extraction ratios of AMG 221 obtained using a five-catheter rat model were 0.56 and 0.32, respectively. Therefore, both intestinal and hepatic extraction contributed to the first-pass component of oral bioavailability. There was no evidence for significant gut extraction of systemically administered drug. 3. Mass balance data and in vivo metabolite characterization obtained after administration of [(14)C] AMG 221 to rat showed that AMG 221 was completely absorbed from the gut lumen following an oral dose, primarily excreted in urine and was almost completely metabolized prior to excretion. 4. Hepatic bioavailability (FH), measured in two animals at various time points after oral dose administration was somewhat variable but generally characterized by an initial reduction during the absorption phase followed by an increase during the elimination phase, consistent with hepatic distribution of AMG 221. 5. The five-catheter rat model afforded estimates of hepatic and intestinal contribution to oral bioavailability that were used with other data to define the preclinical ADME characteristics of a drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Gao
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc. , Seattle, WA , USA and
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Wan ZK, Chenail E, Li HQ, Ipek M, Xiang J, Suri V, Hahm S, Bard J, Svenson K, Xu X, Tian X, Wang M, Li X, Johnson CE, Qadri A, Panza D, Perreault M, Mansour TS, Tobin JF, Saiah E. Discovery of HSD-621 as a Potential Agent for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:118-23. [PMID: 24900572 DOI: 10.1021/ml300352x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) catalyzes the conversion of inactive glucocorticoid cortisone to its active form, cortisol. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling pathway has been linked to the pathophysiology of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Herein, the structure-activity relationship of a series of piperazine sulfonamide-based 11β-HSD1 inhibitors is described. (R)-3,3,3-Trifluoro-2-(5-(((R)-4-(4-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-hydroxypropanamide 18a (HSD-621) was identified as a potent and selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor and was ultimately selected as a clinical development candidate. HSD-621 has an attractive overall pharmaceutical profile and demonstrates good oral bioavailability in mouse, rat, and dog. When orally dosed in C57/BL6 diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice, HSD-621 was efficacious and showed a significant reduction in both fed and fasting glucose and insulin levels. Furthermore, HSD-621 was well tolerated in drug safety assessment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Kui Wan
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Eva Chenail
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Huan-Qiu Li
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Manus Ipek
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Jason Xiang
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Vipin Suri
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Seung Hahm
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Joel Bard
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Kristine Svenson
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Xianbin Tian
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Xiangping Li
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Christian E. Johnson
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Ariful Qadri
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Darrell Panza
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Mylene Perreault
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Tarek S. Mansour
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - James F. Tobin
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Eddine Saiah
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
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Zhu X, Slatter JG, Emery MG, Deane MR, Akrami A, Zhang X, Hickman D, Skiles GL, Subramanian R. Activity-based exposure comparisons among humans and nonclinical safety testing species in an extensively metabolized drug candidate. Xenobiotica 2012; 43:617-27. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.747711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Greene RJ, Davis JA, Subramanian R, Deane MR, Emery MG, Slatter JG. Regiospecific and stereospecific triangulation of the structures of metabolites formed by sequential metabolism at multiple prochiral centers. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:928-42. [PMID: 22328582 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.043166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Structures of in vivo secondary metabolites of a norbornane-containing drug candidate with multiple prochiral centers were triangulated, in a regio- and stereospecific fashion, using in vitro metabolism data from synthetic primary metabolites and in vivo metabolism data from the separate administration of a radiolabeled primary metabolite, [(14)C]-(S)-2-((1R,2S,4R,5S)-5-hydroxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ylamino)-5-isopropyl-5-methylthiazol-4(5H)-one (M1). A mass balance study on the 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme inhibitor [(14)C]-(S)-2-((1S,2S,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ylamino)-5-isopropyl-5-methylthiazol-4(5H)-one (AMG 221) in rats was dosed at 2 mg/kg. Radioactivity was excreted mainly in urine. Metabolites of AMG 221 were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with radiometric detection and characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). LC-MS/MS revealed at least 38 metabolites. Seven monohydroxylated metabolites mediated formation of the other 31 metabolites. Twenty-eight metabolites were identified regio- and stereo-specifically. Little parent drug was observed in urine or feces. Monohydroxy metabolite M1 was the major metabolite comprising 17 to 24% of excreted dose, and seven monohydroxy metabolites comprised 29 (male) and 37% (female) of dose. Of 11 quantifiable isobaric dihydroxy metabolites that comprised 8.3 (male) and 24% (female) of dose, 10 were identified regio- and stereospecifically by triangulation. A single trihydroxy metabolite comprised approximately 10% of dose. Complex secondary metabolism of drugs with multiple prochiral centers can be elucidated in a regio- and stereospecific fashion without NMR through synthesis and in vitro and in vivo studies on the metabolism of chiral primary oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Greene
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, Washington 98119, USA
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