1
|
Wu X, Kim M, Wang LJ, Veetil AK, Wang Y. Programming sp 3 Quantum Defects along Carbon Nanotubes with Halogenated DNA. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8826-8831. [PMID: 38526163 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Atomic defect color centers in solid-state systems hold immense potential to advance various quantum technologies. However, the fabrication of high-quality, densely packed defects presents a significant challenge. Herein we introduce a DNA-programmable photochemical approach for creating organic color-center quantum defects on semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Key to this precision defect chemistry is the strategic substitution of thymine with halogenated uracil in DNA strands that are orderly wrapped around the nanotube. Photochemical activation of the reactive uracil initiates the formation of sp3 defects along the nanotube as deep exciton traps, with a pronounced photoluminescence shift from the nanotube band gap emission (by 191 meV for (6,5)-SWCNTs). Furthermore, by altering the DNA spacers, we achieve systematic control over the defect placements along the nanotube. This method, bridging advanced molecular chemistry with quantum materials science, marks a crucial step in crafting quantum defects for critical applications in quantum information science, imaging, and sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lucy J Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Abhindev Kizhakke Veetil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han B, Li Y, Wu W, Cai X, Qiu S, He X, Wang S. Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Chirality-Sorted Carbon Nanotube Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:4975-4983. [PMID: 38233025 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
An important goal in carbon nanotube optoelectronics is to achieve a high-performance near-infrared light source. But there are still many challenges such as the purity of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) chirality, nonradiative defects, thin-film quality, and device structure design. Here, we realize infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on chirality-sorted (10, 5) SWCNT network films, which operate at a low bias voltage and emit at a telecom O band of 1290 nm. Asymmetric palladium (Pd) and hafnium (Hf) contacts are used as electrodes for hole and electron injection, respectively. However, the large Schottky barrier at the interface of the SWCNTs and the Hf electrode, primarily resulting from the polymer wrapped on the nanotube surface during the sorting process, leads to inefficient electron injection and thus a low electroluminescence efficiency. We find that the efficiency of electron injection can be improved by the local doping of the nanotubes with dielectric layers of YOX-HfO2, which reduces the Schottky barrier at the SWCNT/Hf interface. Accordingly, the (10, 5) SWCNT film-based LED achieves an external quantum efficiency of larger than 0.05% without any optical coupling structure. With further improvement, we expect that such an infrared light source will have great application potential in the carbon nanotube monolithic optoelectronic integrated system and on-chip optical interconnection, especially in the field of short-distance optical fiber communications and data center.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiang Cai
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei He
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eller B, Fortner J, Kłos J, Wang Y, Clark CW. Can armchair nanotubes host organic color centers? J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:464004. [PMID: 36063817 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8f7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We use time-dependent density functional theory to investigate the possibility of hosting organic color centers in (6, 6) armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes, which are known to be metallic. Our calculations show that in short segments of (6, 6) nanotubes∼5nm in length there is a dipole-allowed singlet transition related to the quantum confinement of charge carriers in the smaller segments. The introduction ofsp3defects to the surface of (6, 6) nanotubes results in new dipole-allowed excited states. Some of these states are redshifted from the native confinement state of the defect-free (6, 6) segments; this is similar behavior to what is observed withsp3defects to exciton transitions in semiconducting carbon nanotubes. This result suggests the possibility of electrically wiring organic color centers directly through armchair carbon nanotube hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Eller
- Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Jacob Fortner
- Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Jacek Kłos
- Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Charles W Clark
- Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
- National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hayashi K, Niidome Y, Shiga T, Yu B, Nakagawa Y, Janas D, Fujigaya T, Shiraki T. Azide modification forming luminescent sp 2 defects on single-walled carbon nanotubes for near-infrared defect photoluminescence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11422-11425. [PMID: 36134499 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04492g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azide functionalization produced luminescent sp2-type defects on single-walled carbon nanotubes, by which defect photoluminescence appeared in near infrared regions (1116 nm). Changes in exciton properties were induced by localization effects at the defect sites, creating exciton-engineered nanomaterials based on the defect structure design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Niidome
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Tamehito Shiga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Boda Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yasuto Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tsuyohiko Fujigaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shiraki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qu H, Wu X, Fortner J, Kim M, Wang P, Wang Y. Reconfiguring Organic Color Centers on the sp 2 Carbon Lattice of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Nano 2022; 16:2077-2087. [PMID: 35040631 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic color centers (OCCs) are atomic defects that can be synthetically created in single-walled carbon nanotube hosts to enable the emission of shortwave infrared single photons at room temperature. However, all known chemistries developed thus far to generate these quantum defects produce a variety of bonding configurations, posing a formidable challenge to the synthesis of identical, uniformly emitting color centers. Herein, we show that laser irradiation of the nanotube host can locally reconfigure the chemical bonding of aryl OCCs on (6,5) nanotubes to significantly reduce their spectral inhomogeneity. After irradiation the defect emission narrows in distribution by ∼26% to yield a single photoluminescence peak. We use hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging to follow this structural transformation on the single nanotube level. Density functional theory calculations corroborate our experimental observations, suggesting that the OCCs convert from kinetic structures to the more thermodynamically stable configuration. This approach may enable localized tuning and creation of identical OCCs for emerging applications in bioimaging, molecular sensing, and quantum information sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jacob Fortner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Gao S, Xu N, Xu L, Chen S, Mei C, Xu C. Facile synthesis of phosphorus‐nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots from cyanobacteria for bioimaging. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Gao
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xu
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Sainan Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Science Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Changtong Mei
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Changyan Xu
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass‐based Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He X, Kevlishvili I, Murcek K, Liu P, Star A. [2π + 2π] Photocycloaddition of Enones to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Creates Fluorescent Quantum Defects. ACS Nano 2021; 15:4833-4844. [PMID: 33689301 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been widely applied in biomedical fields such as drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. Understanding their reactivity with biomolecules is important for these applications. We describe here a photoinduced cycloaddition reaction between enones and SWCNTs. By creating covalent and tunable sp3 defects in the sp2 carbon lattice of SWCNTs through [2π + 2π] photocycloaddition, a bright red-shifted photoluminescence was gradually generated. The photocycloaddition functionalization was demonstrated with various organic molecules bearing an enone functional group, including biologically important oxygenated lipid metabolites. The mechanism of this reaction was studied empirically and using computational methods. Density functional theory calculations were employed to elucidate the identity of the reaction product and understand the origin of different substrate reactivities. The results of this study can enable engineering of the optical and electronic properties of semiconducting SWCNTs and provide understanding into their interactions with the lipid biocorona.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun He
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Katherina Murcek
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu F, Yuan Z, Sui X, Wang C, Xu M, Li W, Chen Y. Viscosity sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probes based on functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8301-8304. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02813d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A new family of viscosity sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probes is created by grafting rotors on single walled carbon nanotubes. The new photoluminescence emission peaks are highly sensitive to the viscosity of solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangdong Academy of Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- China
| | - Ziwen Yuan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Sydney
- NSW
- Australia
| | - Xiao Sui
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Sydney
- NSW
- Australia
| | - Chaojun Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Sydney
- NSW
- Australia
| | - Meiying Xu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
- Guangdong Academy of Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application
- China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Sydney
- NSW
- Australia
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Sydney
- NSW
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kwon H, Kim M, Nutz M, Hartmann NF, Perrin V, Meany B, Hofmann MS, Clark CW, Htoon H, Doorn SK, Högele A, Wang Y. Probing Trions at Chemically Tailored Trapping Defects. ACS Cent Sci 2019; 5:1786-1794. [PMID: 31807680 PMCID: PMC6891859 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Trions, charged excitons that are reminiscent of hydrogen and positronium ions, have been intensively studied for energy harvesting, light-emitting diodes, lasing, and quantum computing applications because of their inherent connection with electron spin and dark excitons. However, these quasi-particles are typically present as a minority species at room temperature making it difficult for quantitative experimental measurements. Here, we show that by chemically engineering the well depth of sp3 quantum defects through a series of alkyl functional groups covalently attached to semiconducting carbon nanotube hosts, trions can be efficiently generated and localized at the trapping chemical defects. The exciton-electron binding energy of the trapped trion approaches 119 meV, which more than doubles that of "free" trions in the same host material (54 meV) and other nanoscale systems (2-45 meV). Magnetoluminescence spectroscopy suggests the absence of dark states in the energetic vicinity of trapped trions. Unexpectedly, the trapped trions are approximately 7.3-fold brighter than the brightest previously reported and 16 times as bright as native nanotube excitons, with a photoluminescence lifetime that is more than 100 times larger than that of free trions. These intriguing observations are understood by an efficient conversion of dark excitons to bright trions at the defect sites. This work makes trions synthetically accessible and uncovers the rich photophysics of these tricarrier quasi-particles, which may find broad implications in bioimaging, chemical sensing, energy harvesting, and light emitting in the short-wave infrared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kwon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United
States
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United
States
| | - Manuel Nutz
- Fakultat
für Physik, Center for NanoScience and Munich Quantum Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, D-80539 München, Germany
| | - Nicolai F. Hartmann
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Vivien Perrin
- Fakultat
für Physik, Center for NanoScience and Munich Quantum Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, D-80539 München, Germany
| | - Brendan Meany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United
States
| | - Matthias S. Hofmann
- Fakultat
für Physik, Center for NanoScience and Munich Quantum Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, D-80539 München, Germany
| | - Charles W. Clark
- Joint
Quantum Institute, National Institute of
Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20902, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Stephen K. Doorn
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Alexander Högele
- Fakultat
für Physik, Center for NanoScience and Munich Quantum Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, D-80539 München, Germany
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United
States
- Maryland
NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Optoelectronics benefits from outstanding new nanomaterials that provide emission and detection in the visible and near-infrared range, photoswitches, two level systems for single photon emission, etc. Among these, carbon nanotubes are envisioned as game changers despite difficult handling and control over chirality burdening their use. However, recent breakthroughs on hybrid carbon nanotubes have established nanotubes as pioneers for a new family of building blocks for optics and quantum optics. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes with molecules or polymers not only preserves the nanotube properties from the environment, but also promotes new performance abilities to the resulting hybrids. Photoluminescence and Raman signals are enhanced in the hybrids, which questions the nature of the electronic coupling between nanotube and molecules. Furthermore, coupling to optical cavities dramatically enhances single photon emission, which operates up to room temperature. This new light on nanotube hybrids shows their potential to push optoelectronics a step forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yani Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Laëtitia Marty
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nedjma Bendiab
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Eremin TV, Obraztsov PA, Velikanov VA, Shubina TV, Obraztsova ED. Many-particle excitations in non-covalently doped single-walled carbon nanotubes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14985. [PMID: 31628351 PMCID: PMC6802218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Doping of single-walled carbon nanotubes leads to the formation of new energy levels which are able to participate in optical processes. Here, we investigate (6,5)-single walled carbon nanotubes doped in a solution of hydrochloric acid using optical absorption, photoluminescence, and pump-probe transient absorption techniques. We find that, beyond a certain level of doping, the optical spectra of such nanotubes exhibit the spectral features related to two doping-induced levels, which we assign to a localized exciton \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$X$$\end{document}X and a trion T, appearing in addition to an ordinary exciton \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${E}_{1}$$\end{document}E1. We evaluate the formation and relaxation kinetics of respective states and demonstrate that the kinetics difference between E1 and X energy levels perfectly matches the kinetics of the state T. This original finding evidences the formation of trions through nonradiative relaxation via the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$X$$\end{document}X level, rather than via a direct optical excitation from the ground energy state of nanotubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timofei V Eremin
- Faculty of Physics of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory str. 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of RAS, Vavilov str. 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.
| | - Petr A Obraztsov
- A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of RAS, Vavilov str. 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
| | - Vladimir A Velikanov
- A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of RAS, Vavilov str. 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,National Research Nuclear University, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, 31 Kashirskoe Highway, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Shubina
- Ioffe Institute of RAS, Politechnicheskaya str. 26, St Petersburg, 194021, Russia
| | - Elena D Obraztsova
- A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of RAS, Vavilov str. 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nutz M, Zhang J, Kim M, Kwon H, Wu X, Wang Y, Högele A. Photon Correlation Spectroscopy of Luminescent Quantum Defects in Carbon Nanotubes. Nano Lett 2019; 19:7078-7084. [PMID: 31478677 PMCID: PMC6814285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Defect-decorated single-wall carbon nanotubes have shown rapid growing potential for imaging, sensing, and the development of room-temperature single-photon sources. The key to the highly nonclassical emission statistics is the discrete energy spectrum of defect-localized excitons. However, variations in defect configurations give rise to distinct spectral bands that may compromise single-photon efficiency and purity in practical devices, and experimentally it has been challenging to study the exciton population distribution among the various defect-specific states. Here, we performed photon correlation spectroscopy on hexyl-decorated single-wall carbon nanotubes to unravel the dynamics and competition between neutral and charged exciton populations. With autocorrelation measurements at the single-tube level, we prove the nonclassical photon emission statistics of defect-specific exciton and trion photoluminescence and identify their mutual exclusiveness in photoemissive events with cross-correlation spectroscopy. Moreover, our study reveals the presence of a dark state with population-shelving time scales between 10 and 100 ns. These new insights will guide further development of chemically tailored carbon nanotube states for quantum photonics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nutz
- Faculty
of Physics, Munich Quantum Center and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
- Munich
Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingtr. 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Faculty
of Physics, Munich Quantum Center and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
- Shanghai
Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 865 Changning
Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, 8051 Regent
Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hyejin Kwon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, 8051 Regent
Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, 8051 Regent
Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, 8051 Regent
Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alexander Högele
- Faculty
of Physics, Munich Quantum Center and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
- Munich
Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingtr. 4, 80799 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Previously unwelcome, defects are emerging as a new frontier of research, providing a molecular focal point to study the coupling of electrons, excitons, phonons and spin in low-dimensional materials. This opportunity is particularly intriguing in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, in which covalently bonding organic functional groups to the sp 2 carbon lattice can produce tunable sp 3 quantum defects that fluoresce brightly in the shortwave IR, emitting pure single photons at room temperature. These novel physical properties have made such synthetic defects, or 'organic colour centres', exciting new systems for chemistry, physics, materials science, engineering and quantum technologies. This Review examines progress in this emerging field and presents a unified description of this new family of quantum emitters, as well as providing an outlook of the rapidly expanding research and applications of synthetic defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H. Brozena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lyndsey R. Powell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park,
MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Turek E, Shiraki T, Shiraishi T, Shiga T, Fujigaya T, Janas D. Single-step isolation of carbon nanotubes with narrow-band light emission characteristics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:535. [PMID: 30679809 PMCID: PMC6345979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of necessary degree of control over carbon nanotube (CNT) structure has remained a major impediment factor for making significant advances using this material since it was discovered. Recently, a wide range of promising sorting methods emerged as an antidote to this problem, all of which unfortunately have a multistep nature. Here we report that desired type of CNTs can be targeted and isolated in a single step using modified aqueous two-phase extraction. We achieve this by introducing hydration modulating agents, which are able to tune the arrangement of surfactants on their surface, and hence make selected CNTs highly hydrophobic or hydrophilic. This allows for separation of minor chiral species from the CNT mixture with up to 99.7 ± 0.02% selectivity without the need to carry out any unnecessary iterations. Interestingly, our strategy is also able to enrich the optical emission from CNTs under selected conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Turek
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomohiro Shiraki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomonari Shiraishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tamehito Shiga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tsuyohiko Fujigaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
He X, Htoon H, Doorn SK, Pernice WHP, Pyatkov F, Krupke R, Jeantet A, Chassagneux Y, Voisin C. Carbon nanotubes as emerging quantum-light sources. Nat Mater 2018; 17:663-670. [PMID: 29915427 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Progress in quantum computing and quantum cryptography requires efficient, electrically triggered, single-photon sources at room temperature in the telecom wavelengths. It has been long known that semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) display strong excitonic binding and emit light over a broad range of wavelengths, but their use has been hampered by a low quantum yield and a high sensitivity to spectral diffusion and blinking. In this Perspective, we discuss recent advances in the mastering of SWCNT optical properties by chemistry, electrical contacting and resonator coupling towards advancing their use as quantum light sources. We describe the latest results in terms of single-photon purity, generation efficiency and indistinguishability. Finally, we consider the main fundamental challenges stemming from the unique properties of SWCNTs and the most promising roads for SWCNT-based chip integrated quantum photonic sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X He
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - H Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - S K Doorn
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - W H P Pernice
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - F Pyatkov
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Krupke
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Jeantet
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Y Chassagneux
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - C Voisin
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gifford BJ, Sifain AE, Htoon H, Doorn SK, Kilina S, Tretiak S. Correction Scheme for Comparison of Computed and Experimental Optical Transition Energies in Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2460-2468. [PMID: 29678108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) introduces red-shifted emission features in the near-infrared spectral range due to exciton localization around the defect site. Such chemical modifications increase their potential use as near-infrared emitters and single-photon sources in telecommunications applications. Density functional theory (DFT) studies using finite-length tube models have been used to calculate their optical transition energies. Predicted energies are typically blue-shifted compared to experiment due to methodology errors including imprecise self-interaction corrections in the density functional and finite-size basis sets. Furthermore, artificial quantum confinement in finite models cannot be corrected by a constant-energy shift since they depend on the degree of exciton localization. Herein, we present a method that corrects the emission energies predicted by time-dependent DFT. Confinement and methodology errors are separately estimated using experimental data for unmodified tubes. Corrected emission energies are in remarkable agreement with experiment, suggesting the value of this straightforward method toward predicting and interpreting the optical features of functionalized SWCNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Gifford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , North Dakota State University , Fargo , North Dakota 58108 , United States
| | - Andrew E Sifain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | | | | | - Svetlana Kilina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , North Dakota State University , Fargo , North Dakota 58108 , United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have presented a plethora of opportunities for future optoelectronic devices and photonics applications, made possible by the strong light matter interactions at the 2D quantum limit. Many body interactions between fundamental particles in 2D semiconductors are strongly enhanced compared with those in bulk semiconductors because of the reduced dimensionality and, thus, reduced dielectric screening. These enhanced many body interactions lead to the formation of robust quasi-particles, such as excitons, trions, and biexcitons, which are extremely important for the optoelectronics device applications of 2D semiconductors, such as light emitting diodes, lasers, and optical modulators, etc. Recently, the emerging anisotropic 2D semiconductors, such as black phosphorus (termed as phosphorene) and phosphorene-like 2D materials, such as ReSe2, 2D-perovskites, SnS, etc., show strong anisotropic optical and electrical properties, which are different from conventional isotropic 2D semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers. This anisotropy leads to the formation of quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) excitons and trions in a 2D system, which results in even stronger many body interactions in anisotropic 2D materials, arising from the further reduced dimensionality of the quasi-particles and thus reduced dielectric screening. Many body interactions have been heavily investigated in TMD monolayers in past years, but not in anisotropic 2D materials yet. The quasi-particles in anisotropic 2D materials have fractional dimensionality which makes them perfect candidates to serve as a platform to study fundamental particle interactions in fractional dimensional space. In this Account, we present our recent progress related to 2D phosphorene, a 2D system with quasi-1D excitons and trions. Phosphorene, because of its unique anisotropic properties, provides a unique 2D platform for investigating the dynamics of excitons, trions, and biexcitons in reduced dimensions and fundamental many body interactions. We begin by explaining the fundamental reasons for the highly enhanced interactions in the 2D systems influenced by dielectric screening, resulting in high binding energies of excitons and trions, which are supported by theoretical calculations and experimental observations. Phosphorene has shown much higher binding energies of excitons and trions than TMD monolayers, which allows robust quasi-particles in anisotropic materials at room temperature. We also discuss the role of extrinsic defects induced in phosphorene, resulting in localized excitonic emissions in the near-infrared range, making it suitable for optical telecommunication applications. Finally, we present our vision of the exciting device applications based on the highly enhanced many body interactions in phosphorene, including exciton-polariton devices, polariton lasers, single-photon emitters, and tunable light emitting diodes (LEDs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Han Yan
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Linglong Zhang
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqian Sun
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Boqing Liu
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bai Y, Olivier JH, Bullard G, Liu C, Therien MJ. Dynamics of charged excitons in electronically and morphologically homogeneous single-walled carbon nanotubes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:674-9. [PMID: 29311334 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712971115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The trion, a three-body charge-exciton bound state, offers unique opportunities to simultaneously manipulate charge, spin, and excitation in one-dimensional single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) at room temperature. Effective exploitation of trion quasi-particles requires fundamental insight into their creation and decay dynamics. Such knowledge, however, remains elusive for SWNT trion states, due to the electronic and morphological heterogeneity of commonly interrogated SWNT samples, and the fact that transient spectroscopic signals uniquely associated with the trion state have not been identified. Here, we prepare length-sorted SWNTs and precisely control charge-carrier-doping densities to determine trion dynamics using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Identification of the trion transient absorptive hallmark enables us to demonstrate that trions (i) derive from a precursor excitonic state, (ii) are produced via migration of excitons to stationary hole-polaron sites, and (iii) decay in a first-order manner. Importantly, under appropriate carrier-doping densities, exciton-to-trion conversion in SWNTs can approach 100% at ambient temperature. Our findings open up possibilities for exploiting trions in SWNT optoelectronics, ranging from photovoltaics and photodetectors to spintronics.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu X, Kim M, Kwon H, Wang Y. Photochemical Creation of Fluorescent Quantum Defects in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Hosts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:648-653. [PMID: 29215774 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Quantum defects are an emerging class of synthetic single-photon emitters that hold vast potential for near-infrared imaging, chemical sensing, materials engineering, and quantum information processing. Herein, we show that it is possible to optically direct the synthetic creation of molecularly tunable fluorescent quantum defects in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube hosts through photochemical reactions. By exciting the host semiconductor with light that resonates with its electronic transition, we find that halide-containing aryl groups can covalently bond to the sp2 carbon lattice. The introduced quantum defects generate bright photoluminescence that allows tracking of the reaction progress in situ. We show that the reaction is independent of temperature but correlates strongly with the photon energy used to drive the reaction, suggesting a photochemical mechanism rather than photothermal effects. This type of photochemical reactions opens the possibility to control the synthesis of fluorescent quantum defects using light and may enable lithographic patterning of quantum emitters with electronic and molecular precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hyejin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Hyejin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
![]()
We
describe the chemical creation of molecularly tunable fluorescent
quantum defects in semiconducting carbon nanotubes through covalently
bonded surface functional groups that are themselves nonemitting.
By variation of the surface functional groups, the same carbon nanotube
crystal is chemically converted to create more than 30 distinct fluorescent
nanostructures with unique near-infrared photoluminescence that is
molecularly specific, systematically tunable, and significantly brighter
than that of the parent semiconductor. This novel exciton-tailoring
chemistry readily occurs in aqueous solution and creates functional
defects on the sp2 carbon lattice with highly predictable
C–C bonding from virtually any iodine-containing hydrocarbon
precursor. Our new ability to control nanostructure excitons through
a single surface functional group opens up exciting possibilities
for postsynthesis chemical engineering of carbon nanomaterials and
suggests that the rational design and creation of a large variety
of molecularly tunable quantum emitters—for applications ranging
from in vivo bioimaging and chemical sensing to room-temperature single-photon
sources—can now be anticipated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Al'ona Furmanchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Brendan Meany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hou WC, He CJ, Wang YS, Wang DK, Zepp RG. Phototransformation-Induced Aggregation of Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: The Importance of Amorphous Carbon. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:3494-3502. [PMID: 26928260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with proper functionalization are desirable for applications that require dispersion in aqueous and biological environments, and functionalized SWCNTs also serve as building blocks for conjugation with specific molecules in these applications. In this study, we examined the phototransformation of carboxylated SWCNTs and associated amorphous carbon impurities in the presence or absence of H2O2 under simulated sunlight conditions. We found that while carboxylated SWCNTs were rather unreactive with respect to direct solar photolysis, they photoreacted in the presence of H2O2, forming CO2 and strongly aggregated SWCNT products that precipitated. Photoreaction caused SWCNTs to lose oxygen-containing functionalities, and interestingly, the resulting photoproducts had spectral characteristics similar to those of parent carboxylated SWCNTs whose amorphous carbon was removed by base washing. These results indicated that photoreaction of the amorphous carbon was likely involved. The removal of amorphous carbon after indirect photoreaction was confirmed with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Further studies using carboxylated SWCNTs with and without base washing indicate that amorphous carbon reduced the extent of aggregation caused by photoreaction. The second-order rate constant for carboxylated SWCNTs reacting with (•)OH was estimated to be in the range of 1.7-3.8 × 10(9) MC(-1) s(-1). The modeled phototransformation half-lives fall in the range of 2.8-280 days in typical sunlit freshwaters. Our study indicates that photosensitized reactions involving (•)OH may be a transformation and removal pathway of functionalized SWCNTs in the aquatic environment, and that the residual amorphous carbon associated with SWCNTs plays a role in SWCNT stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Che Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan City, Taiwan 70101
| | - Chen-Jing He
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan City, Taiwan 70101
| | - Yi-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan City, Taiwan 70101
| | - David K Wang
- FIMLab-Films and Inorganic Membrane Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Richard G Zepp
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Exposure Methods & Measurement Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liang S, Ma Z, Wei N, Liu H, Wang S, Peng LM. Solid state carbon nanotube device for controllable trion electroluminescence emission. Nanoscale 2016; 8:6761-6769. [PMID: 26953676 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a direct chirality-dependent bandgap and reduced dimensionality-related quantum confinement effects, which are closely related to the performance of optoelectronic devices. Here, taking advantage of the large energy separations between neutral singlet excitons and charged excitons, i.e. trions in CNTs, we have achieved for the first time all trion electroluminescence (EL) emission from chirality-sorted (8,3) and (8,4) CNT-based solid state devices. We showed that strong trion emission can be obtained as a result of localized impact excitation and electrically injected holes, with an estimated efficiency of ∼5 × 10(-4) photons per injected hole. The importance of contact-controlled carrier injection (including symmetric and asymmetric contact configurations) and EL spectral stability for gradually increasing bias were also investigated. The realization of electrically induced pure trion emission opens up a new opportunity for CNT film-based optoelectronic devices, providing a new degree of freedom in controlling the devices to extend potential applications in spin or magnetic optoelectronics fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Ze Ma
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Nan Wei
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tsarfati Y, Strauss V, Kuhri S, Krieg E, Weissman H, Shimoni E, Baram J, Guldi DM, Rybtchinski B. Dispersing Perylene Diimide/SWCNT Hybrids: Structural Insights at the Molecular Level and Fabricating Advanced Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7429-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Volker Strauss
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kuhri
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- Guosong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shuo Diao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alexander L Antaris
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Maeda Y, Takehana Y, Yamada M, Suzuki M, Murakami T. Control of the photoluminescence properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes by alkylation and subsequent thermal treatment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13462-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04020e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alkylation and subsequent thermal treatment of SWNTs induces a new bright PL peak in the NIR region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Gakugei University
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Yuya Takehana
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Gakugei University
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Gakugei University
- Koganei
- Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Murakami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS)
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|