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Sureau P. Rabies vaccine production in animal cell cultures. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2005; 34:111-28. [PMID: 3113181 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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2
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Paolazzi CC, Pérez O, De Filippo J. Rabies vaccine. Developments employing molecular biology methods. Mol Biotechnol 1999; 11:137-47. [PMID: 10464768 DOI: 10.1007/bf02915807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rabies vaccines produced by means of molecular biology are described. Recombinant vaccines employing either viruses as vectors (vaccinia, adenovirus, poxvirus, baculovirus, plant viruses) or a plasmid vector carrying the rabies virus glycoprotein gene are discussed. Synthetic peptide technology directed to rabies vaccine production is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Paolazzi
- Servicio Vacuna Antirrábica, Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos, A.N.L.I.S., Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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3
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Xuan X, Tuchiya K, Sato I, Nishikawa Y, Onoderaz Y, Takashima Y, Yamamoto A, Katsumata A, Iwata A, Ueda S, Mikami T, Otsuka H. Biological and immunogenic properties of rabies virus glycoprotein expressed by canine herpesvirus vector. Vaccine 1998; 16:969-76. [PMID: 9682345 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(97)00285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate whether canine herpesvirus (CHV) could be used as a live vector for the expression of heterologous immunogenes, we constructed a recombinant canine herpesvirus (CHV) expressing glycoprotein (G protein) of rabies virus (RV). The gene of G protein was inserted within the thymidine kinase gene of CHV YP11mu strain under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter. The G protein expressed by the recombinant CHV was processed and transported to the cell surface as in RV infected cells, and showed the same biological activities such as low pH dependent cell fusion and hemadsorption. The antigenic authenticity of the recombinant G protein was confirmed by a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for G protein. Dogs inoculated intransally with the recombinant CHV produced higher titres of virus neutralizing antibodies against RV than those inoculated with a commercial, inactivated rabies vaccine. These results suggest that the CHV recombinant expressing G protein can be used as a vaccine to control canine rabies and that CHV may be useful as a vector to develop live recombinant against other infectious diseases in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xuan
- Department of Global Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Tuchiya K, Matsuura Y, Kawai A, Ishihama A, Ueda S. Characterization of rabies virus glycoprotein expressed by recombinant baculovirus. Virus Res 1992; 25:1-13. [PMID: 1413990 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1702(92)90095-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA of the glycoprotein (G protein) gene of rabies virus Nishigahara strain was cloned and inserted into a baculovirus genome under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. Infection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells with this recombinant virus produced a large quantity of new protein instead of the parental polyhedrin protein. By immunofluorescent and immunoblotting analyses, the recombinant protein was antigenically similar to the authentic G protein. Its molecular mass estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, however, was slightly smaller than that of the authentic one, and this observation was suggested to be due to the difference in glycosylation level between the two G proteins. The recombinant G protein expressed on the cell surface of the insect cells showed a fusion activity at low pH. The fusion activity was inhibited by antiserum against either whole virions or G protein of rabies virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tuchiya
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Fekadu M, Sumner JW, Shaddock JH, Sanderlin DW, Baer GM. Sickness and recovery of dogs challenged with a street rabies virus after vaccination with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing rabies virus N protein. J Virol 1992; 66:2601-4. [PMID: 1560518 PMCID: PMC241012 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.66.5.2601-2604.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs were vaccinated intradermally with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (G protein) or nucleoprotein (N protein) or a combination of both proteins. The dogs vaccinated with either the G or G plus N proteins developed virus-neutralizing antibody titers, whereas those vaccinated with only the N protein did not. All dogs were then challenged with a lethal dose of a street rabies virus, which killed all control dogs. Dogs vaccinated with the G or G plus N proteins were protected. Five (71%) of seven dogs vaccinated with the N protein sickened, with incubation periods 3 to 7 days shorter than that of the control dogs; however, three (60%) of the five rabid dogs recovered without supportive treatment. Thus, five (71%) of seven vaccinated with the rabies N protein were protected against a street rabies challenge. Our data indicate that rabies virus N protein may be involved in reducing the incubation period in dogs primed with rabies virus N protein and then challenged with a street rabies virus and, of more importance, in subsequent sickness and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fekadu
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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Fekadu M, Shaddock JH, Ekström J, Osterhaus A, Sanderlin DW, Sundquist B, Morein B. An immune stimulating complex (ISCOM) subunit rabies vaccine protects dogs and mice against street rabies challenge. Vaccine 1992; 10:192-7. [PMID: 1557935 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(92)90011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dogs and mice were immunized with either a rabies glycoprotein subunit vaccine incorporated into an immune stimulating complex (ISCOM) or a commercial human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) prepared from a Pitman Moore (PM) rabies vaccine strain. Pre-exposure vaccination of mice with two intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of 360 ng ISCOM or 0.5 ml HDCV protected 95% (38/40) and 90% (36/40) of mice, respectively, against a lethal intracerebral (i.c.) dose with challenge virus strain (CVS). One 360 ng i.p. dose of ISCOM protected 87.5% (35/40) of mice against i.c. challenge with CVS. Three groups of five dogs were vaccinated intramuscularly (i.m.) with 730 ng of rabies ISCOM prepared from either the PM or the CVS rabies strains, and they resisted lethal street rabies challenge. Postexposure treatment of mice with three or four 120 ng i.m. doses of ISCOM protected 90% (27/30) and 94% (45/48), respectively, of mice inoculated in the footpad with street rabies virus, but three doses of HDCV conferred no protection. When four doses of HDCV were administered postexposure, 78% (32/41) of the mice died of anaphylactic shock; 21% (11/52) of mice had already died of rabies 4 days after the third vaccine dose was administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fekadu
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333
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7
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Rabies virus nucleoprotein expressed in and purified from insect cells is efficacious as a vaccine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:2001-5. [PMID: 2000406 PMCID: PMC51154 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.5.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A cDNA copy of the RNA gene that encodes the nucleoprotein N of rabies virus Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth strain was cloned into baculovirus. The recombinant baculovirus expressed the N protein abundantly in Spodoptera frugiperda cells. The N protein was extracted from infected Spodoptera frugiperda cells and purified to near homogeneity by affinity chromatography. The purified N protein reacted with 31 of 32 monoclonal antibodies that recognize native rabies virus ribonucleoprotein. Like the ribonucleoprotein, the purified N protein was a major antigen capable of inducing virus-specific helper T cells. Priming of mice with the purified N protein prior to a booster inoculation with inactivated Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth virus vaccine resulted in a 20-fold increase in the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies. After immunization with the purified N protein, mice developed a strong anti-ribonucleoprotein antibody response and were protected against a lethal challenge of rabies virus. These data indicate that the N protein expressed in insect cells is antigenically and immunogenically comparable to the authentic rabies virus ribonucleoprotein and therefore represents a potential source of an effective and economical vaccine for large-scale immunization of humans and animals against rabies.
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Prehaud C, Takehara K, Flamand A, Bishop DH. Immunogenic and protective properties of rabies virus glycoprotein expressed by baculovirus vectors. Virology 1989; 173:390-9. [PMID: 2688298 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding the glycoprotein of rabies virus (G protein, CVS strain) has been cloned and inserted into the baculovirus transfer vector pAcYM1 derived from the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Autographa californica (AcNPV). The gene was placed under the control of the AcNPV polyhedrin promoter and expressed to high levels by the derived recombinant virus using a Spodoptera frugiperda cell line. It has been established that the antigenic characteristics of the protein were conserved by comparison with those of the native glycoprotein of rabies virions. The immunogenicity of the expressed product was also demonstrated. Intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection of G antigen conferred protection to mice and was associated with the induction of high titers of neutralizing antibodies. The availability of large quantities of antigenically and immunogenically reactive rabies G protein may make feasible crystallographic studies and the safe preparation of a low cost subunit vaccine for the disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacteriophages
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Blotting, Western
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genetic Vectors
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Humans
- Insect Viruses/genetics
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plasmids
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Rabies/prevention & control
- Rabies virus/genetics
- Rabies virus/immunology
- Restriction Mapping
- Transfection
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- C Prehaud
- NERC Institute of Virology, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Sureau P, Perrin P. The use of immunosome technology for vaccines against rabies and other viral diseases. Eur J Epidemiol 1989; 5:275-8. [PMID: 2477273 DOI: 10.1007/bf00144826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Subunit viral vaccines present several advantages. They are free of nucleic acids (of viral and/or cellular origin) and proteins of cellular and/or serum origin; they contain only the relevant antigen. For rabies virus, the antigen which induces the virus-neutralizing antibody (VNAb) is the glycoprotein (GP), which is anchored, in form of spikes, to the viral membrane. The GP may be extracted from the virion but, after solubilization and purification, it appears to be poorly immunogenic. In order to restore its immunogenicity, GP molecules are anchored to preformed liposomes (unilamellar phospholipid vesicles) to mimic their native structure and environment. The subunit vaccine obtained by this technique is called an "immunosome" (IMS). Rabies immunosomes exhibit structural and immunological properties very similar to those of the viral particle. The rabies glycoprotein molecules, anchored to the lipid bilayer of the liposome, correctly expose the immunodominant epitope involved in VNAb induction and induce a strong specific humoral immune response. They also induce a specific cellular immune response. As a result IMS have a highly protective activity when tested with either pre- or post-exposure potency tests. Immunosome technology may be applied to other purified membrane proteins or amphiphilic peptides to restore their immunogenicity.
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Perrin P, Joffret ML, Oth D, Leclerc C, Sureau P, Thibodeau L. Interleukin-2 production in vitro: a new approach to the study of rabies vaccine immunogenicity as appraised by testing different glycoprotein presentations. Vaccine 1988; 6:331-8. [PMID: 2461004 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(88)90179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
When injected as an immunosome presentation (molecules anchored to preformed liposome), rabies glycoprotein (GP) is capable of protecting animals against rabies either before or after viral infection. The presentation of the GP molecules in the correct form seems to be essential for the induction of antirabies protection. This condition must be taken in account in the making-up of a rabies subunit vaccine. In order to study the relationship between the immune responses induced by the rabies GP and its protective activity, different presentations of the GP were prepared. Purified glycoprotein molecules were associated under different physical forms: liposome-anchored, self-aggregated (rosettes) and associated with the viral lipids (virosomes). These presentations appeared different on electron microscopy. They also exhibited differences in the expression of an immunodominant epitope and in their protective activity. The non-specific immune response, as appraised by interferon production and natural cytotoxicity, was induced at a high level only by the purified viral particles. Specific immune responses (namely virus neutralizing antibody and interleukin-2 production) was induced at high levels only by the viral particle and by the liposome-anchored glycoprotein. A parallelism has previously been established between protection by glycoprotein preparations and interleukin-2 production in primed mice splenocytes. This suggests that the measure of interleukin-2 production in vitro could be used to evaluate the capability of a rabies antigen to induce a T-cell response and to confer protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Perrin
- Unité de la Rage, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Pearson RC, Dhein CR, Gorham JR. Vaccines and principles of immunization. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1986; 16:1205-25. [PMID: 3538634 PMCID: PMC7134508 DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(86)50138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses the production of the various classes of vaccines and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each. Adjuvants, combination vaccines, heterologous viral vaccines, and vaccination failure are discussed briefly. Reported adverse reactions to vaccination are described at length. Essential vaccination for several exotic species is given.
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12
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Abstract
The structure of rabies virus and the importance of its glycoprotein in immunization are discussed. The improvement in vaccines for use in man, culminating in the production of the human diploid vaccine is described. Nevertheless problems remain, particularly with regard to post-exposure therapy. Possible disadvantages in the use of subunit vaccines are mentioned and attention is drawn to the discovery of the rabies-related viruses.
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Abstract
Rabies vaccines and their use in man and other animals are described. Safe and reliable vaccines are available for veterinary use, but many of the problems associated with the vaccination of humans remain unsolved.
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15
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Wiktor TJ, Aaslestad HG, Kaplan MM. Immunogenicity of rabies virus inactivated by -propiolactone, acetylethyleneimine, and ionizing irradiation. Appl Microbiol 1972; 23:914-8. [PMID: 5031561 PMCID: PMC380470 DOI: 10.1128/am.23.5.914-918.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation, beta-propiolactone, and acetylethyleneimine were compared for their ability as virus-inactivating agents for the preparation of rabies vaccine. Each agent reduced viral infectivity exponentially; ionizing radiation also destroyed viral hemagglutinin. The vaccine prepared by ionizing radiation was equal or superior to that prepared by beta-propiolactone in its ability to protect mice from rabies infection. The acetylethyleneimine-treated vaccine was a less potent immunogen.
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Schneider LG, Horzinek M, Novický R. Isolation of a hemagglutinating, immunizing, and non-infectious subunit of the rabies virion. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1971; 34:360-70. [PMID: 4107478 DOI: 10.1007/bf01242983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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