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Hawly J, Murcar MG, Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Issa ME. Glioblastoma stem cell metabolism and immunity. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10183-w. [PMID: 38530545 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite enormous efforts being invested in the development of novel therapies for brain malignancies, there remains a dire need for effective treatments, particularly for pediatric glioblastomas. Their poor prognosis has been attributed to the fact that conventional therapies target tumoral cells, but not glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are characterized by self-renewal, tumorigenicity, poor differentiation, and resistance to therapy. These characteristics represent the fundamental tools needed to recapitulate the tumor and result in a relapse. The mechanisms by which GSCs alter metabolic cues and escape elimination by immune cells are discussed in this article, along with potential strategies to harness effector immune cells against GSCs. As cellular immunotherapy is making significant advances in a variety of cancers, leveraging this underexplored reservoir may result in significant improvements in the treatment options for brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hawly
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Dekouaneh, Lebanon
| | - Micaela G Murcar
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark E Issa
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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2
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CHOI EW. Relationship between neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels and disease parameters including clinicopathological parameters and various cytokine levels in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:601-608. [PMID: 37088550 PMCID: PMC10315541 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a marker of acute kidney injury and indicates tubular damage. Lupus nephritis-associated renal injury is characterized by damage to the glomeruli and tubular portions of the kidneys. Therefore, NGAL concentrations are expected to vary according to the severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, samples from (NZB × NZW) F1 mice at an advanced stage of SLE were used to determine whether serum and urine NGAL concentrations or the urine NGAL:creatinine (uNGAL/C) ratio can be used to reflect diet, disease state, and treatment efficacy. Additionally, the relationship between the levels of NGAL and various cytokines in the serum in SLE was evaluated. Mice were divided into the following four groups (n=15): CN, chow diet and no treatment (saline; intraperitonially injected [i.p.]; 200 μL/day); CP, chow diet and methylprednisolone (i.p.; 5 mg/kg/day); HN, high-fat diet and no treatment (saline [i.p.]; 200 μL/day); and HP, high-fat diet and methylprednisolone treatment (i.p.; 5 mg/kg/day) every day from 6 to 42 weeks of age. The serum and urine NGAL levels and uNGAL/C values were significantly lower in the CP group than those in the CN group. Further, serum NGAL concentration demonstrated a strong positive correlation with urine NGAL levels, uNGAL/C, urine protein concentrations, urine protein:creatinine ratio, and the expression of several cytokines associated with SLE pathogenesis (interleukin [IL]-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, and interferon-induced protein [IP]-10). These results suggest that NGAL has a strong positive correlation with the clinicopathological parameters and several key cytokines in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Wha CHOI
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of
Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University,
Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Rocha Pinheiro SL, Lemos FFB, Marques HS, Silva Luz M, de Oliveira Silva LG, Faria Souza Mendes dos Santos C, da Costa Evangelista K, Calmon MS, Sande Loureiro M, Freire de Melo F. Immunotherapy in glioblastoma treatment: Current state and future prospects. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:138-159. [PMID: 37124134 PMCID: PMC10134201 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i4.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains as the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor, standing with a poor prognosis and treatment prospective. Despite the aggressive standard care, such as surgical resection and chemoradiation, median survival rates are low. In this regard, immunotherapeutic strategies aim to become more attractive for glioblastoma, considering its recent advances and approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of the current status and progress in immunotherapy for glioblastoma, going through the fundamental knowledge on immune targeting to promising strategies, such as Chimeric antigen receptor T-Cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine-based treatment, oncolytic virus and vaccine-based techniques. At last, it is discussed innovative methods to overcome diverse challenges, and future perspectives in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mariana Santos Calmon
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Matheus Sande Loureiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Ahmadzadeh M, Mohit E. Therapeutic potential of a novel IP-10-(anti-HER2 scFv) fusion protein for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:371-385. [PMID: 36650341 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is a potent antitumor agent and acts by its angiostatic and immunomodulatory properties. IP-10 can target to tumor site by linking with single chain variable fragment (scFv) that recognized specific tumor antigen. In this study, we evaluated biological activity of the fusion protein including IP-10 and anti-HER2 scFv (IP-10-(anti-HER2 scFv)). RESULTS The HER2- and cell-based ELISA as well as the flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the fusion protein specifically binds to HER2 antigen. In addition, competitive ELISA demonstrated that the fusion protein recognized the same epitope of HER2 antigen as trastuzumab. The results of MTT assay demonstrated that the growth of HER2-enriched SK-BR3 cells was inhibited in the presence of the fusion protein. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of the fusion protein was not significantly different from that of trastuzumab. However, no significant cytotoxic effect compared to trastuzumab and anti-HER2 scFv was observed in HER2-low-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells. The obtained findings demonstrated that IP-10-(anti-HER2 scFv) can selectively reduce the cell viability in HER2+ cells. Moreover, similar inhibitory effect on growth of both SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines was observed in the presence of anti-HER2 scFv protein even at high concentration after 72 h. The chemotaxis properties of the fusion protein were also analyzed by a chemotaxis assay. It was demonstrated that the fusion protein induced migration of activated T cell similar to recombinant IP-10 protein. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that IP-10-(anti-HER2 scFv) fusion protein can specifically direct IP-10 to the HER2-expressing tumor cells and may act as an adjuvant along with HER2-based vaccine to gather the elicited immune response at the site of HER2-overexpressimg tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 2660, Vali-e-Asr Ave, Tehran, 1991953381, Iran
- Food and Drug Administration, The Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Mohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 2660, Vali-e-Asr Ave, Tehran, 1991953381, Iran.
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5
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Choi EW, Kim HJ, Jung YC, Go HS, Seong JK. Effects of high fat diet-induced obesity on pathophysiology, immune cells, and therapeutic efficacy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18532. [PMID: 36323742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have suggested a strong link between obesity and autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on the disease pathogenesis, immune cell infiltration, and therapeutic efficacy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Treatment with methylprednisolone significantly increased the survival in the control diet group, but not in the HFD group. An HFD significantly increased the incidence of severe proteinuria and glucose intolerance. Regardless of the diet, treatment with methylprednisolone significantly decreased the serum levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies, IL-2, IL-10, and interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and improved the renal pathology scores. Treatment with methylprednisolone significantly lowered the serum levels of IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in the control diet group, but not in the HFD group. HFD significantly increased the proportions of CD45+ and M1 cells and significantly decreased the proportion of M2 cells in white adipose tissue; methylprednisolone treatment significantly rescued this effect. In the HFD group, methylprednisolone treatment significantly decreased the M1:M2 and increased the Foxp3+:RORγt+ cell in the spleen compared with the untreated group. These data improve our understanding of the effect of HFD on the therapeutic efficacy of corticosteroids in SLE treatment, which could have clinical implications.
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Diwan D, Cheng L, Usmani Z, Sharma M, Holden N, Willoughby N, Sangwan N, Baadhe RR, Liu C, Gupta VK. Microbial cancer therapeutics: A promising approach. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:931-950. [PMID: 33979677 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The success of conventional cancer therapeutics is hindered by associated dreadful side-effects of antibiotic resistance and the dearth of antitumor drugs' selectivity and specificity. Hence, the conceptual evolution of anti-cancerous therapeutic agents that selectively target cancer cells without impacting the healthy cells or tissues, has led to a new wave of scientific interest in microbial-derived bioactive molecules. Such strategic solutions may pave the way to surmount the shortcomings of conventional therapies and raise the potential and hope for the cure of wide range of cancer in a selective manner. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of anti-carcinogenic properties and underlying mechanisms of bioactive molecules of microbial origin, and discuss the current challenges and effective therapeutic application of combinatorial strategies to attain minimal systemic side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Diwan
- Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 230032, China
| | - Zeba Usmani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Food Technology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, 173101, India
| | - Nicola Holden
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Nicholas Willoughby
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Neelam Sangwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Rama Raju Baadhe
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
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7
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Delic M, Boeswald V, Goepfert K, Pabst P, Moehler M. In vitro Characterization of Enhanced Human Immune Responses by GM-CSF Encoding HSV-1-Induced Melanoma Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1291-1307. [PMID: 36310770 PMCID: PMC9606445 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s350136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied the innate and adaptive immune response against melanoma cells after JS-1 (wild-type herpes simplex virus 1, wt HSV-1) or Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) infection and evaluated the antitumoral efficacy in human melanoma cells. We analyzed the putative synergistic biological and immunological effects of JS-1 or T-VEC combined with cytostatic drugs in human tumor and immune cells. T-VEC is a genetically modified strain of HSV-1. Genetic modifications (insertion of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene) were made to attenuate the virus and increase selectivity for cancer cells. In addition to the direct oncolytic effect, we investigated the immune stimulatory effects of T-VEC by comparing it with JS-1. JS-1 is identical T-VEC except for the inserted GM-CSF gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the effects of T-VEC and JS-1 with cytostatic drugs in human tumor-immune cell coculture experiments. After coculture, the surface markers CD80, CD83 and CD86 were measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and the cytokines, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and GM-CSF, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Furthermore, we analyzed the potential of the viruses to induce T cell activation, measured on the basis of CD4, CD8 and CD69. Analysis of these markers and cytokines allows for conclusions to be drawn concerning the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and the immunostimulatory effects of the treatment. RESULTS We documented increased activation of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes after infection by both HSV-1 strains and treatment with cytostatic drugs without significant differences between T-VEC and JS-1. CONCLUSION We demonstrated an immune response as a result of infection with both viruses, but T-VEC was in vitro not stronger than JS-1. The immunostimulatory effects of the viruses could be partially increased by chemotherapy, providing a rationale for future preclinical studies designed to explore T-VEC in combined regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Delic
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Mainz, Germany,Correspondence: Maike Delic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany, Tel +49 6131 179803, Fax +49 6131 179657, Email
| | - Veronika Boeswald
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin Goepfert
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Pabst
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Moehler
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Mainz, Germany
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Giotta Lucifero A, Luzzi S. Emerging immune-based technologies for high-grade gliomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:957-980. [PMID: 35924820 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2110072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The selection of a tailored and successful strategy for high-grade gliomas (HGGs) treatment is still a concern. The abundance of aberrant mutations within the heterogenic genetic landscape of glioblastoma strongly influences cell expansion, proliferation, and therapeutic resistance. Identification of immune evasion pathways opens the way to novel immune-based strategies. This review intends to explore the emerging immunotherapies for HGGs. The immunosuppressive mechanisms related to the tumor microenvironment and future perspectives to overcome glioma immunity barriers are also debated. AREAS COVERED An extensive literature review was performed on the PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Only highly relevant articles in English and published in the last 20 years were selected. Data about immunotherapies coming from preclinical and clinical trials were summarized. EXPERT OPINION The overall level of evidence about the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies for HGGs is noteworthy. Monoclonal antibodies have been approved as second-line treatment, while peptide vaccines, viral gene strategies, and adoptive technologies proved to boost a vivid antitumor immunization. Malignant brain tumor-treating fields are ever-changing in the upcoming years. Constant refinements and development of new routes of drug administration will permit to design of novel immune-based treatment algorithms thus improving the overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
IL‐12 is a proinflammatory cytokine capable of inducing a wide range of effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. Its stimulatory effects on T cells and NK cells have led to its classification as a potential inducer of antitumor immunity. Clinical trials have been attempting to harness its immune‐stimulating capacity since the 1990s and have had much success despite notable toxicity issues early on. Several methods of IL‐12 delivery have been employed including i.v., s.c., and local administrations as well as plasmid and gene therapies. However, despite differing methods, dosages, and cancer types utilized in these clinical trials, there are still many patients who do not respond to IL‐12 therapy. This creates an opportunity for further investigation into the immunologic differences between responding and nonresponding patients in order to better understand the variable efficacy of IL‐12 therapy. This review focuses on a limited collection of IL‐12 clinical trials, which further analyzed these individual subsets and detected biologic variables correlating with differential patient responses. A comprehensive review of these potential biomarkers identified 7 analytes that correlated with beneficial patient responses in 3 or more clinical trials. These were increased levels of IFN‐γ, IP‐10, TNF‐α, MIP‐1α, MIG, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, with a decrease in VEGF, bFGF, FoxP3+ T regulatory cells, and M2 macrophages. These potential biomarkers highlight the possibility of identifying immunologic determinants of patient response to IL‐12 therapy to conserve valuable resources and benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Schwarz
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - William E. Carson
- Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
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10
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Nieland L, van Solinge TS, Cheah PS, Morsett LM, El Khoury J, Rissman JI, Kleinstiver BP, Broekman ML, Breakefield XO, Abels ER. CRISPR-Cas knockout of miR21 reduces glioma growth. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 25:121-136. [PMID: 35572197 PMCID: PMC9052041 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), support the progression of glioma. miR-21 is a small, non-coding transcript involved in regulating gene expression in multiple cellular pathways, including the regulation of proliferation. High expression of miR-21 has been shown to be a major driver of glioma growth. Manipulating the expression of miRNAs is a novel strategy in the development of therapeutics in cancer. In this study we aimed to target miR-21. Using CRISPR genome-editing technology, we disrupted the miR-21 coding sequences in glioma cells. Depletion of this miRNA resulted in the upregulation of many downstream miR-21 target mRNAs involved in proliferation. Phenotypically, CRISPR-edited glioma cells showed reduced migration, invasion, and proliferation in vitro. In immunocompetent mouse models, miR-21 knockout tumors showed reduced growth resulting in an increased overall survival. In summary, we show that by knocking out a key miRNA in glioma, these cells have decreased proliferation capacity both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, we identified miR-21 as a potential target for CRISPR-based therapeutics in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nieland
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas S. van Solinge
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Pike See Cheah
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA,Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Liza M. Morsett
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Joseph El Khoury
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Joseph I. Rissman
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Kleinstiver
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marike L.D. Broekman
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands,Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, 2512 VA The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Xandra O. Breakefield
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Erik R. Abels
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA,Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands,Corresponding author Erik R. Abels, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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11
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Letchuman V, Ampie L, Shah AH, Brown DA, Heiss JD, Chittiboina P. Syngeneic murine glioblastoma models: reactionary immune changes and immunotherapy intervention outcomes. Neurosurg Focus 2022; 52:E5. [PMID: 35104794 PMCID: PMC10851929 DOI: 10.3171/2021.11.focus21556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain neoplasm with dismal 10-year survival rates of < 1%. Despite promising preliminary results from several novel therapeutic agents, clinical responses have been modest due to several factors, including tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and treatment resistance. Novel immunotherapeutics have been developed to reverse tumor-induced immunosuppression in patients with glioblastomas. In order to recapitulate the tumor microenvironment, reliable in vivo syngeneic murine models are critical for the development of new targeted agents as these models demonstrate rapid tumor induction and reliable tumor growth over multiple generations. Despite the clear advantages of murine models, choosing an appropriate model from an immunological perspective can be difficult and have significant ramifications on the translatability of the results from murine to human trials. Herein, the authors reviewed the 4 most commonly used immunocompetent syngeneic murine glioma models (GL261 [C57BL/6], SB28 [C57BL/6], CT-2A [C57BL/6], and SMA-560 [VM/Dk]) and compared their strengths and weaknesses from an immunological standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Letchuman
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leonel Ampie
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ashish H. Shah
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Desmond A. Brown
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John D. Heiss
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Prashant Chittiboina
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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12
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Mahmoud AB, Ajina R, Aref S, Darwish M, Alsayb M, Taher M, AlSharif SA, Hashem AM, Alkayyal AA. Advances in immunotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944452. [PMID: 36311781 PMCID: PMC9597698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor of the central nervous system and has a very poor prognosis. The current standard of care for patients with GBM involves surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, conventional therapies have not resulted in significant improvements in the survival outcomes of patients with GBM; therefore, the overall mortality rate remains high. Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that helps the immune system to fight cancer and has shown success in different types of aggressive cancers. Recently, healthcare providers have been actively investigating various immunotherapeutic approaches to treat GBM. We reviewed the most promising immunotherapy candidates for glioblastoma that have achieved encouraging results in clinical trials, focusing on immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, nonreplicating viral vectors, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Strategic Research and Innovation Laboratories, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud, ; Almohanad A. Alkayyal,
| | - Reham Ajina
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Aref
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Darwish
- Strategic Research and Innovation Laboratories, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Alsayb
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Taher
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Strategic Research and Innovation Laboratories, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaker A. AlSharif
- King Fahad Hospital, Ministry of Health, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohanad A. Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Research Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud, ; Almohanad A. Alkayyal,
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13
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Cai TT, Guo Z, Ma R. Statistical Inference for High-Dimensional Generalized Linear Models With Binary Outcomes. J Am Stat Assoc 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2021.1990769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Tony Cai
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zijian Guo
- Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Giotta Lucifero A, Luzzi S. Against the Resilience of High-Grade Gliomas: Gene Therapies (Part II). Brain Sci 2021; 11:976. [PMID: 34439595 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High-grade gliomas (HGGs) still have a high rate of recurrence and lethality. Gene therapies were projected to overcome the therapeutic resilience of HGGs, due to the intrinsic genetic heterogenicity and immune evasion pathways. The present literature review strives to provide an updated overview of the novel gene therapies for HGGs treatment, highlighting evidence from clinical trials, molecular mechanisms, and future perspectives. Methods: An extensive literature review was conducted through PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, using the keywords “high-grade glioma,” “glioblastoma,” and “malignant brain tumor”, combined with “gene therapy,” “oncolytic viruses,” “suicide gene therapies,” “tumor suppressor genes,” “immunomodulatory genes,” and “gene target therapies”. Only articles in English and published in the last 15 years were chosen, further screened based on best relevance. Data were analyzed and described according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Viruses were the most vehicles employed for their feasibility and transduction efficiency. Apart from liposomes, other viral vehicles remain largely still experimental. Oncolytic viruses and suicide gene therapies proved great results in phase I, II preclinical, and clinical trials. Tumor suppressor, immunomodulatory, and target genes were widely tested, showing encouraging results especially for recurrent HGGs. Conclusions: Oncolytic virotherapy and suicide genes strategies are valuable second-line treatment options for relapsing HGGs. Immunomodulatory approaches, tumor suppressor, and target genes therapies may implement and upgrade standard chemoradiotherapy. Future research aims to improve safety profile and prolonging therapeutic effectiveness. Further clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of gene-based therapies.
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Chang C, Wang MJ, Bi XF, Fan ZY, Feng D, Cai HQ, Zhang Y, Xu X, Cai Y, Qi J, Wei WQ, Hao JJ, Wang MR. Elevated serum eotaxin and IP-10 levels as potential biomarkers for the detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23904. [PMID: 34288108 PMCID: PMC8418505 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is one of the leading malignant cancers with a high incidence and mortality. Exploring novel serum biomarkers will help improve the management and monitoring of ESCC. Methods In the present study, we first used a ProcartaPlex Array to screen for serum proteins that were increased in 40 ESCC patients compared with matched normal controls; we found that eight proteins (IL‐2, IL‐5, IP‐10, IL‐8, eotaxin, TNF‐α, HGF, and MIP‐1b) had higher serum levels in ESCC patients than in normal controls. We further verified the clinical relevance of the candidate biomarkers with a larger sample of sera. Results In the 174 tested ESCC patients and 189 normal controls, the serum levels of eotaxin and IP‐10 were significantly higher in patients than in normal controls (p = 0.0038, 0.0031). In particular, these two proteins were also elevated in the sera of patients with early‐stage (0‐IIA) ESCC (p = 0.0041, 0.0412). When combining CEA and CYFRA21‐1 (in use clinically) with eotaxin or IP‐10, the effectiveness of detecting ESCC was superior to that of CEA and/or CYFRA21‐1 alone. Moreover, the serum level of eotaxin dropped significantly after surgical resection of primary tumors compared with that in preoperative ESCC samples (p < 0.001). Conclusions The data suggest that serum eotaxin and IP‐10 might be potential biomarkers for the detection of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Jie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Bi
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Fan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Wei
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Jie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Urbanavičiūtė R, Zabitaitė R, Kriščiukaitis A, Deltuva VP, Skiriutė D. Serum protein triplet TGF-β1, TIMP-1, and YKL-40 serve as diagnostic and prognostic profile for astrocytoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13100. [PMID: 34162919 PMCID: PMC8222249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytoma is the most common glial tumour of the CNS. The most malignant form is grade IV Astrocytoma, also called Glioblastoma. Due to its heterogeneity, aggressiveness and lethal nature scientists are trying to find less invasive methods for early prediction of tumour onset, recurrence, response to therapy and patients' survival. Here, applying decision tree classification algorithm we performed astrocytoma specific protein profile analysis on serum proteins TIMP-1, active and latent form of TGF-β1, IP-10, ANGPT-1, OPN, and YKL-40 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent detection assay (ELISA). Results have demonstrated that astrocytoma specific profile consisted of three proteins-active form of TGF-β1, TIMP-1 and YKL-40 and was able to correctly classify 78.0% (103/132) of sample and 83.3% (60/72) of astrocytoma sample. Calculating decision tree algorithm associated with astrocytoma patient survival, prediction model reached an accuracy of 83.3% (60/72). All together these results indicate that glioma detection and prediction from patient serum using glioma associated proteins and applying mathematical classification tools could be achieved, and applying more comprehensive research further could be implemented in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rūta Urbanavičiūtė
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Rūta Zabitaitė
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Algimantas Kriščiukaitis
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Bioinformatics, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytenis-Pranas Deltuva
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daina Skiriutė
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Urbantat RM, Vajkoczy P, Brandenburg S. Advances in Chemokine Signaling Pathways as Therapeutic Targets in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2983. [PMID: 34203660 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With a median patient survival of 15 months, glioblastoma (GBM) is still one of the deadliest malign tumors. Despite immense efforts, therapeutic regimens fail to prolong GBM patient overall survival due to various resistance mechanisms. Chemokine signaling as part of the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in gliomagenesis, proliferation, neovascularization, metastasis and tumor progression. In this review, we aimed to investigate novel therapeutic approaches targeting various chemokine axes, including CXCR2/CXCL2/IL-8, CXCR3/CXCL4/CXCL9/CXCL10, CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12, CXCR6/CXCL16, CCR2/CCL2, CCR5/CCL5 and CX3CR1/CX3CL1 in preclinical and clinical studies of GBM. We reviewed targeted therapies as single therapies, in combination with the standard of care, with antiangiogenic treatment as well as immunotherapy. We found that there are many antagonist-, antibody-, cell- and vaccine-based therapeutic approaches in preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, targeted therapies exerted their highest efficacy in combination with other established therapeutic applications. The novel chemokine-targeting therapies have mainly been examined in preclinical models. However, clinical applications are auspicious. Thus, it is crucial to broadly investigate the recently developed preclinical approaches. Promising preclinical applications should then be investigated in clinical studies to create new therapeutic regimens and to overcome therapy resistance to GBM treatment.
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18
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Katsuta E, Yan L, Opyrchal M, Kalinski P, Takabe K. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte infiltration and chemokine predict long-term patient survival independently of tumor mutational burden in triple-negative breast cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211006680. [PMID: 33868461 PMCID: PMC8024454 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211006680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) infiltration into tumor is a positive prognostic factor in breast cancer. High tumor mutational burden (TMB) is also considered as a predictor of tumor immunogenicity and response to immunotherapy. However, it is unclear whether the infiltration of functional CTL simply reflects the TMB or represents an independent prognostic value. Methods: Utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer cohort, we established the Functional Hotness Score (FHS). The associations of FHS and breast cancer patient prognosis as well as distinct immunity markers were analyzed in a total of 3011 breast cancer patients using TCGA, METABRIC and metastatic breast cancer (MBC) cohort GSE110590. Results: We established FHS, based on CD8A, GZMB and CXCL10 gene expression levels of bulk tumors, which delivered the best prognostic value among some gene combinations. Breast cancer patients with the high-FHS tumors showed significantly better survival. FHS was lower in the MBCs. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) showed the highest FHS among subtypes. FHS predicted patient survival in hormone receptor (HR)-negative, especially in TNBC, but not in HR-positive breast cancer. FHS predicted patient prognosis independently in TNBC. The high-FHS TNBCs showed not only higher CD8+ T cell infiltration, but also enhanced broader type-1 anti-cancer immunity. The patients with the high-FHS tumors showed better prognosis not only in high-TMB tumors but also in low-TMB TNBCs. The combination of high-TMB with high-FHS identified a unique subset of patients who do not recur over time in TNBC. Conclusion: TNBCs with high FHS based on the expression levels of CD8A, GZMB and CXCL10 showed improved prognosis with enhanced anti-cancer immunity regardless of TMB. FHS constitutes an independent prognostic marker of survival, particularly robustly when combined with TMB in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Katsuta
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mateusz Opyrchal
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Janjua TI, Rewatkar P, Ahmed-Cox A, Saeed I, Mansfeld FM, Kulshreshtha R, Kumeria T, Ziegler DS, Kavallaris M, Mazzieri R, Popat A. Frontiers in the treatment of glioblastoma: Past, present and emerging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:108-138. [PMID: 33486006 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive cancers of the brain. Despite extensive research over the last several decades, the survival rates for GBM have not improved and prognosis remains poor. To date, only a few therapies are approved for the treatment of GBM with the main reasons being: 1) significant tumour heterogeneity which promotes the selection of resistant subpopulations 2) GBM induced immunosuppression and 3) fortified location of the tumour in the brain which hinders the delivery of therapeutics. Existing therapies for GBM such as radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy have been unable to reach the clinical efficacy necessary to prolong patient survival more than a few months. This comprehensive review evaluates the current and emerging therapies including those in clinical trials that may potentially improve both targeted delivery of therapeutics directly to the tumour site and the development of agents that may specifically target GBM. Particular focus has also been given to emerging delivery technologies such as focused ultrasound, cellular delivery systems nanomedicines and immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the importance of developing novel materials for improved delivery efficacy of nanoparticles and therapeutics to reduce the suffering of GBM patients.
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20
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Kim DS. Cancer stem cell plasticity in glioblastoma multiforme: a perspective on future directions in oncolytic virotherapy. Future Oncol 2020; 16:2251-2264. [PMID: 32744059 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis suggests that a rare population of stem-like cells underpin tumorigenesis. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) demonstrate novel mechanisms of targeting the elusive CSCs with greater selectivity - promising therapeutic potential against solid tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM) that are resistant to conventional treatment. In general, OVs have failed to translate the efficacy from bench to bedside. The success of OVs rely on the hypothesis that eliminating CSCs is key to preventing recurrence. However, newly emerging evidence of CSC plasticity challenge this hypothesis by proposing that the CSC pool can be regenerated from non-CSCs post-treatment. We review this evidence surrounding the CSC hypothesis to propose an original perspective on why several advanced OVs may be failing to reflect their true potential in clinical trials. We argue that preventing non-CSC to CSC dedifferentiation may be critical to achieving long-term treatment efficacy in future OV clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Kim
- Medical Sciences Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 1DP, United Kingdom
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21
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Giotta Lucifero A, Luzzi S, Brambilla I, Guarracino C, Mosconi M, Foiadelli T, Savasta S. Gene therapies for high-grade gliomas: from the bench to the bedside. Acta Biomed 2020; 91:32-50. [PMID: 32608374 PMCID: PMC7975827 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i7-s.9953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Gene therapy is the most attractive therapeutic approach against high-grade gliomas (HGGs). This is because of its theoretical capability to rework gene makeup in order to yield oncolytic effects. However, some factors still limit the upgrade of these therapies at a clinical level of evidence. We report an overview of glioblastoma gene therapies, mainly focused on the rationale, classification, advances and translational challenges. Methods: An extensive review of the online literature on gene therapy for HGGs was carried out. The PubMed/MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov websites were the main sources. Articles in English published in the last five years were sorted according to the best match with the multiple relevant keywords chosen. A descriptive analysis of the clinical trials was also reported. Results: A total of 85 articles and 45 clinical trials were selected. The main types of gene therapies are the suicide gene, tumor suppressor gene, immunomodulatory gene and oncolytic therapies (virotherapies). The transfer of genetic material entails replication-deficient and replication-competent oncolytic viruses and nanoparticles, such as liposomes and cationic polymers, each of them having advantages and drawbacks. Forty-eight clinical trials were collected, mostly phase I/II. Conclusion: Gene therapies constitute a promising approach against HGGs. The selection of new and more effective target genes, the implementation of gene-delivery vectors capable of greater and safer spreading capacity, and the optimization of the administration routes constitute the main translational challenges of this approach. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Brambilla
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Uni-versity of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Carmen Guarracino
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Uni-versity of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Mario Mosconi
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Thomas Foiadelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Uni-versity of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Savasta
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Uni-versity of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Shanmugaraj B, Priya LB, Mahalakshmi B, Subbiah S, Hu RM, Velmurugan BK, Baskaran R. Bacterial and viral vectors as vaccine delivery vehicles for breast cancer therapy. Life Sci 2020; 250:117550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Neutrophils act as the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Although traditionally considered in context of their antimicrobial effector functions, the importance of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in the development of cancer has become increasingly clear during the last decade. With regard to their high plasticity, neutrophils were shown to acquire an anti-tumorigenic N1 or a pro-tumorigenic N2 phenotype. Despite the urgent need to get a comprehensive understanding of the interaction of TANs with their tumor microenvironment, most studies still rely on murine tumor models. Here we present for the first time a polarization attempt to generate N1 and N2 neutrophils from primary human neutrophils in vitro. Our results underscore that N1-polarized neutrophils have a pro-inflammatory phenotype characterized among others by a higher level of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and high secretion of interferon (IFN)γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10)/C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Further, we demonstrate that neutrophils incubated under a tumor-mimicking in vitro environment show a high cell surface expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and secrete high levels of interleukin (IL)-8. These findings suggest that it is feasible to polarize blood-derived primary human neutrophils toward N1- and N2-like phenotypes in vitro. Further, we hypothesized that the presence of anti-inflammatory neutrophil phenotype is not a phenomenon limited to cancer but also occurs when neutrophils are infected with intracellular pathogens. Indeed, our findings indicate that N2-polarized neutrophils exert a markedly decreased capacity to kill the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani and therefore permit parasite persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Ohms
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sonja Möller
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tamás Laskay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Bagheri H, Pourhanifeh MH, Derakhshan M, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Ghasemi F, Mousavi S, Rafiei R, Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi K, Mirzaei HR, Mirzaei H. CXCL-10: a new candidate for melanoma therapy? Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:353-65. [PMID: 32207043 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a malignancy that stems from melanocytes and is defined as the most dangerous skin malignancy in terms of metastasis and mortality rates. CXC motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), also known as interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10), is a small cytokine-like protein secreted by a wide variety of cell types. CXCL10 is a ligand of the CXC chemokine receptor-3 (CXCR3) and is predominantly expressed by T helper cells (Th cells), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells (NKs), as well as some epithelial and cancer cells. Similar to other chemokines, CXCL10 plays a role in immunomodulation, inflammation, hematopoiesis, chemotaxis and leukocyte trafficking. CONCLUSIONS Recent studies indicate that the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis may act as a double-edged sword in terms of pro- and anti-cancer activities in a variety of tissues and cells, especially in melanoma cells and their microenvironments. Most of these activities arise from the CXCR3 splice variants CXCR3-A, CXCR3-B and CXCR3-Alt. In this review, we discuss the pro- and anti-cancer properties of CXCL10 in various types of tissues and cells, particularly melanoma cells, including its potential as a therapeutic target.
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25
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Abstract
Chemokines are a family of soluble cytokines that act as chemoattractants to guide the migration of cells, in particular of immune cells. However, chemokines are also involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Chemokines are associated with a variety of human diseases including chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, cancer, and metastasis. This review discusses the expression of CC and CXC chemokines in the tumor microenvironment and their supportive and inhibitory roles in tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor immunity. We also specially focus on the diverse roles of CXC chemokines (CXCL9-11, CXCL4 and its variant CXCL4L1) and their two chemokine receptor CXCR3 isoforms, CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B. These two distinct isoforms have divergent roles in tumors, either promoting (CXCR3-A) or inhibiting (CXCR3-B) tumor progression. Their effects are mediated not only directly in tumor cells but also indirectly via the regulation of angiogenesis and tumor immunity. A full comprehension of their mechanisms of action is critical to further validate these chemokines and their receptors as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bikfalvi
- INSERM U1029, Pessac, France.,University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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26
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is commonly known as the most aggressive primary CNS tumor in adults. The mean survival of it is 14 to 15 months, following the standard therapy from surgery, chemotherapy, to radiotherapy. Efforts in recent decades have brought many novel therapies to light, however, with limitations. In this paper, authors reviewed current treatments for GBM besides surgery. In the past decades, only radiotherapy, temozolomide (TMZ), and tumor treating field (TTF) were approved by FDA. Though promising in preclinical experiments, therapeutic effects of other novel treatments including BNCT, anti-angiogenic therapy, immunotherapy, epigenetic therapy, oncolytic virus therapy, and gene therapy are still either uncertain or discouraging in clinical results. In this review, we went through current clinical trials, underlying causes, and future therapy designs to present neurosurgeons and researchers a sketch of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ruizhe Wang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuanqiang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jinfang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tianmeng Luo
- Department of Medical Affairs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Chang Sha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University Changsha, China
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Zeid MMH, Baddour NM, El-Neily DAEM, Elshair HS, Mamdouh M. Study of urinary interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and urinary soluble CD 25 (sCD25) as markers of lupus nephritis and their relation to histological class. Alexandria Journal of Medicine 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heba Selim Elshair
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mamdouh
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Césaire M, Thariat J, Candéias SM, Stefan D, Saintigny Y, Chevalier F. Combining PARP inhibition, radiation, and immunotherapy: A possible strategy to improve the treatment of cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123793. [PMID: 30487462 PMCID: PMC6321381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the practice of oncology, improving survival in certain groups of patients with cancer. Immunotherapy can synergize with radiation therapy, increase locoregional control, and have abscopal effects. Combining it with other treatments, such as targeted therapies, is a promising means of improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. Because the value of immunotherapy is amplified with the expression of tumor antigens, coupling poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and immunotherapy might be a promising treatment for cancer. Further, PARP inhibitors (PARPis) are being combined with radiation therapy to inhibit DNA repair functions, thus enhancing the effects of radiation; this association might interact with the antitumor immune response. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are central to the antitumor immune response. PARP inhibitors and ionizing radiation can enhance the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes into the tumor bed, but they can also enhance PD-1/PDL-1 expression. Thus, the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors with PARP inhibitors and/or ionizing radiation could counterbalance such immunosuppressive effects. With the present review article, we proposed to evaluate some of these associated therapies, and we explored the biological mechanisms and medical benefits of the potential combination of radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Césaire
- LARIA, iRCM, François Jacob Institute, DRF-CEA, 14076 Caen, France.
- UMR6252 CIMAP, CEA - CNRS - ENSICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie, 14076 Caen, France.
- Radiotherapy Unit, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Radiotherapy Unit, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Serge M Candéias
- ProMD, Chemistry and Biology of Metals Laboratory, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, BIG-LCBM, 38054 Grenoble, France.
| | - Dinu Stefan
- Radiotherapy Unit, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Yannick Saintigny
- LARIA, iRCM, François Jacob Institute, DRF-CEA, 14076 Caen, France.
- UMR6252 CIMAP, CEA - CNRS - ENSICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie, 14076 Caen, France.
| | - François Chevalier
- LARIA, iRCM, François Jacob Institute, DRF-CEA, 14076 Caen, France.
- UMR6252 CIMAP, CEA - CNRS - ENSICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie, 14076 Caen, France.
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Chen Q, Wu J, Ye Q, Ma F, Zhu Q, Wu Y, Shan C, Xie X, Li D, Zhan X, Li C, Li XF, Qin X, Zhao T, Wu H, Shi PY, Man J, Qin CF. Treatment of Human Glioblastoma with a Live Attenuated Zika Virus Vaccine Candidate. mBio 2018; 9:e01683-18. [PMID: 30228241 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01683-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest type of brain tumor, and glioma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to tumor recurrence and therapeutic resistance. Thus, an oncolytic virus targeting GSCs may be useful for improving GBM treatment. Because Zika virus (ZIKV) has an oncolytic tropism for infecting GSCs, we investigated the safety and efficacy of a live attenuated ZIKV vaccine candidate (ZIKV-LAV) for the treatment of human GBM in a GSC-derived orthotopic model. Intracerebral injection of ZIKV-LAV into mice caused no neurological symptoms or behavioral abnormalities. The neurovirulence of ZIKV-LAV was more attenuated than that of the licensed Japanese encephalitis virus LAV 14-14-2, underlining the superior safety of ZIKV-LAV for potential GBM treatment. Importantly, ZIKV-LAV significantly reduced intracerebral tumor growth and prolonged animal survival by selectively killing GSCs within the tumor. Mechanistically, ZIKV infection elicited antiviral immunity, inflammation, and GSC apoptosis. Together, these results further support the clinical development of ZIKV-LAV for GBM therapy.IMPORTANCE Glioblastoma (GBM), the deadliest type of brain tumor, is currently incurable because of its high recurrence rate after traditional treatments, including surgery to remove the main part of the tumor and radiation and chemotherapy to target residual tumor cells. These treatments fail mainly due to the presence of a cell subpopulation called glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are resistant to radiation and chemotherapy and capable of self-renewal and tumorigenicity. Because Zika virus (ZIKV) has an oncolytic tropism for infecting GSCs, we tested a live attenuated ZIKV vaccine candidate (ZIKV-LAV) for the treatment of human GBM in a human GSC-derived orthotopic model. Our results showed that ZIKV-LAV retained good efficacy against glioblastoma by selectively killing GSCs within the tumor. In addition, ZIKV-LAV exhibited an excellent safety profile upon intracerebral injection into the treated animals. The good balance between the safety of ZIKV-LAV and its efficacy against human GSCs suggests that it is a potential candidate for combination with the current treatment regimen for GBM therapy.
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Ruytinx P, Proost P, Struyf S. CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 in cancer. Cytokine 2018; 109:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang X, Xiong Z, Liu Z, Huang X, Jiang X. Angiopep-2/IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv modified nanoparticles and CTL synergistically inhibit malignant glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12827. [PMID: 30150691 PMCID: PMC6110710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preparation of agents that can successfully traverse the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) is a key challenge in brain cancer therapeutics. In this study, angiopep-2 was used as a brain-targeting peptide for preparing multifunctional Angiopep-2-modified poly nanoparticles, angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles. In vitro experiments showed a greater uptake of Angiopep-2 modified nanoparticles, also angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles by bEnd.3 cells versus nanoparticles and nanoparticles modified by IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv. Angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles accumulated in brain tissue after intravenous injection and recruited activated CD8+ T lymphocytes to location of glioblastoma cells. In vivo experiments to assess anti-glioblastoma effect of angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles showed significantly reduced tumor volume in angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles+ CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes group versus in NPs modified by IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv+ CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Angiopep-2 modified nanoparticles+ CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles and PBS groups. Leukocytes infiltrated in brain tissues showed strong anti-glioblastoma activity in angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles+ CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes treated mice. Thus, angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles may be useful for brain-targeted delivery and recruitment of activated CD8+ T lymphocytes to glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Lin C, Yan H, Yang J, Li L, Tang M, Zhao X, Nie C, Luo N, Wei Y, Yuan Z. Combination of DESI2 and IP10 gene therapy significantly improves therapeutic efficacy against murine carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56281-56295. [PMID: 28915590 PMCID: PMC5593561 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DESI2 (also known as PNAS-4) is a novel pro-apoptotic gene activated during the early response to DNA damage. We previously reported that overexpression of DESI2 induces S phase arrest and apoptosis by activating checkpoint kinases. The present study was designed to test whether combination of DESI2 and IP10 could improve the therapy efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The recombinant plasmid co-expressing DESI2 and IP10 was encapsulated with DOTAP/Cholesterol nanoparticle. Immunocompetent mice bearing CT26 colon carcinoma and LL2 lung cancer were treated with the complex. We found that, in vitro, the combination of DESI2 and IP10 more efficiently inhibited proliferation of CT26, LL2, SKOV3 and A549 cancer cells via apoptosis. In vivo, the combined gene therapy more significantly inhibited tumor growth and efficiently prolonged the survival of tumor bearing mice. Mechanistically, the augmented antitumor activity in vivo was associated with induction of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. The anti-angiogenesis was further mimicked by inhibiting proliferation of immortalized HUVEC cells in vitro. Meanwhile, the infiltration of lymphocytes also contributed to the enhanced antitumor effects. Depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes significantly abrogated the antitumor activity, whereas depletion of CD4+ T cells or NK cells showed partial abrogation. Our data suggest that the combined gene therapy of DESI2 and IP10 can significantly enhance the antitumor activity as apoptosis inducer, angiogenesis inhibitor and immune response initiator. The present study may provide a novel and effective method for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - HuaYing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Functional Imaging, Sichuan Provincial Women's and Children's Hospital, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chunlai Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Luo
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Hu Z, Chen J, Zhou S, Yang N, Duan S, Zhang Z, Su J, He J, Zhang Z, Lu X, Zhao Y. Mouse IP-10 Gene Delivered by Folate-modified Chitosan Nanoparticles and Dendritic/tumor Cells Fusion Vaccine Effectively Inhibit the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice. Am J Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 28638480 PMCID: PMC5479281 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) and tumor cell fusion vaccine (DC/tumor cell fusion vaccine) is considered an effective approach in cancer biotherapy. However, its therapeutic effects in early clinical trials have been suboptimal partially due to the immunosuppressive tumor environment. In this study, we used nanoparticles of folate (FA)-modified chitosan, a non-viral vector capable of targeting tumor cells with high expression of FA receptors. FA-chitosan nanoparticles were used as biological carriers for the expression plasmid of the mouse interferon-induced protein-10 (mIP-10) gene, a potent chemoattractant for cytotoxic T cells. The combination of FA-chitosan/mIP-10 and DC/tumor cell fusion vaccine against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) effectively inhibited the growth of implanted HCC tumors and prolonged the survival of mice. The combination therapy significantly reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in mouse spleen, local tumor, and bone marrow while increasing tumor-specific IFN-γ responses. Furthermore, the combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation while promoting their apoptosis. Taken together, our data illustrate that the mIP-10 enhances the anti-tumor effect of DC/tumor cell fusion vaccine by alleviating the immunosuppressive tumor environment.
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Dinsart C, Pervolaraki K, Stroh-Dege A, Lavie M, Ronsse I, Rommelaere J, Van Damme J, Van Raemdonck K, Struyf S. Recombinant Parvoviruses Armed to Deliver CXCL4L1 and CXCL10 Are Impaired in Their Antiangiogenic and Antitumoral Effects in a Kaposi Sarcoma Tumor Model Due To the Chemokines' Interference with the Virus Cycle. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 28:295-306. [PMID: 28042949 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of oncolytic viruses is a valuable option to broaden the armament of anticancer therapies, as these combine specific cytotoxic effects and immune-stimulating properties. The self-replicating H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV) is a prototypical oncolytic virus that, besides targeting tumor cells, also infects endothelial cells, thus combining oncolytic and angiostatic traits. To increase its therapeutic value, H-1PV can be armed with cytokines or chemokines to enhance the immunological response. Some chemokines-more specifically, the CXCR3 ligands CXCL4L1 and CXCL10-combine immune-stimulating properties with angiostatic activity. This study explores the therapeutic value of recombinant parvoviruses carrying CXCL4L1 or CXCL10 transgenes (Chi-H1/CXCL4L1 or Chi-H1/CXCL10, respectively) to inhibit the growth of the human Kaposi sarcoma cell line KS-IMM. KS-IMM cells infected by Chi-H1/CXCL4L1 or Chi-H1/CXCL10 released the corresponding chemokine and showed reduced migratory capacity. Therefore, the antitumoral capacity of Chi-H1/CXCL4L1 or Chi-H1/CXCL10 was tested in mice. Either in vitro infected KS-IMM cells were injected or subcutaneously growing KS-IMM xenografts were treated by peritumoral injections of the different viruses. Surprisingly, the transgenes did not increase the antitumoral effect of natural H-1PV. Further experiments indicated that CXCL4L1 and CXCL10 interfered with the expression of the viral NS1 protein in KS-IMM cells. These results indicate that the outcome of parvovirus-based delivery of CXCR3 ligands might be tumor cell type dependent, and hence its application must be considered carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Dinsart
- 1 Division of Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kalliopi Pervolaraki
- 1 Division of Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg, Germany.,2 Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Stroh-Dege
- 1 Division of Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Muriel Lavie
- 1 Division of Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Ronsse
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean Rommelaere
- 1 Division of Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jo Van Damme
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Van Raemdonck
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Cell-based gene therapy holds a great promise for the treatment of human malignancy. Among different cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as valuable anti-cancer agents that have the potential to be used to treat a number of different cancer types. They have inherent migratory properties, which allow them to serve as vehicles for delivering effective therapy to isolated tumors and metastases. MSCs have been engineered to express anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic agents that specifically target different cancers. Another field of interest is to modify MSCs with the cytokines that activate pro-tumorigenic immunity or to use them as carriers for the traditional chemical compounds that possess the properties of anti-cancer drugs. Although there is still controversy about the exact function of MSCs in the tumor settings, the encouraging results from the preclinical studies of MSC-based gene therapy for a large number of tumors support the initiation of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nowakowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Drela
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Rozycka
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland .,2 Division of MR Research, Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Fan XX, Gao Y, Shu L, Wei YQ, Yao XP, Cao SZ, Peng GN, Liu XT, Sun SQ. Transcriptome profiling indicating canine parvovirus type 2a as a potential immune activator. Virus Genes 2016; 52:768-79. [PMID: 27339228 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2a (CPV-2a) is a variant of CPV-2, which is a highly contagious pathogen causing severe gastroenteritis and death in young dogs. However, how CPV-2 participates in cell regulation and immune response remains unknown. In this study, persistently infected MDCK cells were generated through culture passage of the CPV-2a-infected cells for ten generations. Our study showed that CPV-2a induces cell proliferation arrest and cell morphology alternation before the fourth generation, whereas, the cell morphology returns to normal after five times of passages. PCR detection of viral VP2 gene demonstrated that CPV-2a proliferate with cell passage. An immunofluorescence assay revealed that CPV-2a particles were mainly located in the cell nuclei of MDCK cell. Then transcriptome microarray revealed that gene expression pattern of MDCK with CPV-2a persistent infection is distinct compared with normal cells. Gene ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway analysis demonstrated that CPV-2a infection induces a series of membrane-associated genes expression, including many MHC protein or MHC-related complexes. These genes are closely related to signaling pathways of virus–host interaction, including antigen processing and presentation pathway, intestinal immune network, graft-versus-host disease, and RIG-I-like helicases signaling pathway. In contrast, the suppressed genes mediated by CPV-2a showed low enrichment in any category, and were only involved in pathways linking to synthesis and metabolism of amino acids, which was confirmed by qPCR analysis. Our studies indicated that CPV-2a is a natural immune activator and has the capacity to activate host immune responses, which could be used for the development of antiviral strategy and biomaterial for medicine.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toolan's H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV) exerts a cytotoxic/oncolytic effect, predominantly mediated by its non-structural protein (NS1). This rat parvovirus is harmless, unlike other parvoviruses, and its antitumor potential may be useful to clinicians as its oncolytic action appears to be true in numerous non-digestive and digestive cancers. AREAS COVERED After a brief review of parvovirus genus and biology, we summarize the proposed mechanisms to explain the cytotoxicity of H-1PV to tumors which results in dysregulation of cell transcription, cell-cycle arrest, termination of cell replication, activation of cellular stress response and induction of cell death. Viral oncolysis induces a strong tumor-specific immune response leading to the recognition and elimination of minimal residual disease. As the action of H-1PV is not limited to the digestive tract, we initially analyse studies performed in non-digestive cancers such as glioma (as the virus is able to cross the blood brain barrier), and then focused more particularly on the results in digestive cancers. EXPERT OPINION Based on the results of studies showing little H-1PV toxicity to living bodies, we advocate for the use of the parvovirus in cancers such as melanoma, glioma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in addition to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherif Akladios
- a Institut de Recherche contre les Cancers Digestifs , 1 place de l'hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Marc Aprahamian
- a Institut de Recherche contre les Cancers Digestifs , 1 place de l'hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg , France
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Van Raemdonck K, Van den Steen PE, Liekens S, Van Damme J, Struyf S. CXCR3 ligands in disease and therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:311-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tyciakova S, Matuskova M, Bohovic R, Polakova K, Toro L, Skolekova S, Kucerova L. Genetically engineered mesenchymal stromal cells producing TNFα have tumour suppressing effect on human melanoma xenograft. J Gene Med 2015; 17:54-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tyciakova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Cancer Research Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Matuskova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Cancer Research Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Roman Bohovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Cancer Research Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Katarina Polakova
- Laboratory of Tumour Immunology; Cancer Research Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Lenka Toro
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Cancer Research Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Svetlana Skolekova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Cancer Research Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kucerova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Cancer Research Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
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Abstract
Breast cancer is characterized by a series of genetic mutations and is therefore ideally placed for gene therapy intervention. The aim of gene therapy is to deliver a nucleic acid-based drug to either correct or destroy the cells harboring the genetic aberration. More recently, cancer gene therapy has evolved to also encompass delivery of RNA interference technologies, as well as cancer DNA vaccines. However, the bottleneck in creating such nucleic acid pharmaceuticals lies in the delivery. Deliverability of DNA is limited as it is prone to circulating nucleases; therefore, numerous strategies have been employed to aid with biological transport. This review will discuss some of the viral and nonviral approaches to breast cancer gene therapy, and present the findings of clinical trials of these therapies in breast cancer patients. Also detailed are some of the most recent developments in nonviral approaches to targeting in breast cancer gene therapy, including transcriptional control, and the development of recombinant, multifunctional bio-inspired systems. Lastly, DNA vaccines for breast cancer are documented, with comment on requirements for successful pharmaceutical product development.
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Wang X, Zhang FC, Zhao HY, Lu XL, Sun Y, Xiong ZY, Jiang XB. Human IP10-scFv and DC-induced CTL synergistically inhibit the growth of glioma in a xenograft model. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7781-91. [PMID: 24816916 PMCID: PMC4158415 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant of EGFRvIII is highly expressed in glioma cells, and the EGFRvIII-specific dendritic cell (DC)-induced tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) may hold promise in cancer immunotherapy. Interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10 (IP-10) is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and can recruit CXCR3(+) T cells, including CD8(+) T cells, which are important for the control of tumor growth. In this study, we assessed if the combination of IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv with DC-induced CTLs would improve the therapeutic antitumor efficacy. IP10-scFv was generated by linking the human IP-10 gene with the DNA fragment for anti-EGFRvIIIscFv with a (Gly4Ser)3 flexible linker, purified by affinity chromatography, and characterized for its anti-EGFRvIII immunoreactivity and chemotactic activity. DCs were isolated from human peripheral blood monocyte cells and pulsed with EGFRvIII-peptide, then co-cultured with autologous CD8(+) T cells. BALB/c-nu mice were inoculated with human glioma U87-EGFRvIII cells in the brain and treated intracranially with IP10-scFv and/or intravenously with DC-induced CTLs for evaluating the therapeutic effect. Treatment with both IP10-scFv and EGFRvIII peptide-pulsed, DC-induced CTL synergistically inhibited the growth of glioma and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice, which was accompanied by the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and enhancement of cytotoxicity, thereby increasing the numbers of brain-infiltrating lymphocytes (BILs) and prolonging the residence time of CTLs in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Lu
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and devastating primary brain tumor in adults. Despite current treatment modalities, such as surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, only modest improvements in median survival have been achieved. Frequent recurrence and invasiveness of GBM are likely due to the resistance of glioma stem cells to conventional treatments; therefore, novel alternative treatment strategies are desperately needed. Recent advancements in molecular biology and gene technology have provided attractive novel treatment possibilities for patients with GBM. Gene therapy is defined as a technology that aims to modify the genetic complement of cells to obtain therapeutic benefit. To date, gene therapy for the treatment of GBM has demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy in pre-clinical studies and promising safety profiles in clinical studies. However, while this approach is obviously promising, concerns still exist regarding issues associated with transduction efficiency, viral delivery, the pathologic response of the brain, and treatment efficacy. Tumor development and progression involve alterations in a wide spectrum of genes, therefore a variety of gene therapy approaches for GBM have been proposed. Improved viral vectors are being evaluated, and the potential use of gene therapy alone or in synergy with other treatments against GBM are being studied. In this review, we will discuss the most commonly studied gene therapy approaches for the treatment of GBM in preclinical and clinical studies including: prodrug/suicide gene therapy; oncolytic gene therapy; cytokine mediated gene therapy; and tumor suppressor gene therapy. In addition, we review the principles and mechanisms of current gene therapy strategies as well as advantages and disadvantages of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Okura
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ; Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Christian A Smith
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, 17th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, 5th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P5 Canada ; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Suite 1503, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
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Kosaka A, Ohkuri T, Okada H. Combination of an agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody and the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib induces anti-glioma effects by promotion of type-1 immunity in myeloid cells and T-cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:847-57. [PMID: 24878890 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are heavily infiltrated by immature myeloid cells that mediate immunosuppression. Agonistic CD40 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been shown to activate myeloid cells and promote antitumor immunity. Our previous study has also demonstrated blockade of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) reduces immunosuppressive myeloid cells, thereby suppressing glioma development in mice. We therefore hypothesized that a combinatory strategy to modulate myeloid cells via two distinct pathways, i.e., CD40/CD40L stimulation and COX-2 blockade, would enhance anti-glioma immunity. We used three different mouse glioma models to evaluate therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of a combination regimen with an agonist CD40 mAb and the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. Treatment of glioma-bearing mice with the combination therapy significantly prolonged survival compared with either anti-CD40 mAb or celecoxib alone. The combination regimen promoted maturation of CD11b(+) cells in both spleen and brain, and enhanced Cxcl10 while suppressing Arg1 in CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells in the brain. Anti-glioma activity of the combination regimen was T-cell dependent because depletion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells in vivo abrogated the anti-glioma effects. Furthermore, the combination therapy significantly increased the frequency of CD8(+) T-cells, enhanced IFN-γ-production and reduced CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells in the brain, and induced tumor-antigen-specific T-cell responses in lymph nodes. Our findings suggest that the combination therapy of anti-CD40 mAb with celecoxib enhances anti-glioma activities via promotion of type-1 immunity both in myeloid cells and T-cells.
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Santoni M, Bracarda S, Nabissi M, Massari F, Conti A, Bria E, Tortora G, Santoni G, Cascinu S. CXC and CC chemokines as angiogenic modulators in nonhaematological tumors. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:768758. [PMID: 24971349 PMCID: PMC4058128 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally homologous heparin-binding proteins that includes potent inducers and inhibitors of angiogenesis. The imbalance between angiogenic and angiostatic chemokine activities can lead to abnormalities, such as chronic inflammation, dysplastic transformation, and even tumor development and spreading. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the role of chemokines as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and their potential role as therapeutic targets in patients with nonhaematological tumors.
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Moehler M, Goepfert K, Heinrich B, Breitbach CJ, Delic M, Galle PR, Rommelaere J. Oncolytic virotherapy as emerging immunotherapeutic modality: potential of parvovirus h-1. Front Oncol 2014; 4:92. [PMID: 24822170 PMCID: PMC4013456 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tumors develop multiple strategies to evade recognition and efficient suppression by the immune system. Therefore, a variety of immunotherapeutic strategies have been developed to reactivate and reorganize the human immune system. The recent development of new antibodies against immune check points may help to overcome the immune silencing induced by human tumors. Some of these antibodies have already been approved for treatment of various solid tumor entities. Interestingly, targeting antibodies may be combined with standard chemotherapy or radiation protocols. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates that intratumoral or intravenous injections of replicative oncolytic viruses such as herpes simplex-, pox-, parvo-, or adenoviruses may also reactivate the human immune system. By generating tumor cell lysates in situ, oncolytic viruses overcome cellular tumor resistance mechanisms and induce immunogenic tumor cell death resulting in the recognition of newly released tumor antigens. This is in particular the case of the oncolytic parvovirus H-1 (H-1PV), which is able to kill human tumor cells and stimulate an anti-tumor immune response through increased presentation of tumor-associated antigens, maturation of dendritic cells, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Current research and clinical studies aim to assess the potential of oncolytic virotherapy and its combination with immunotherapeutic agents or conventional treatments to further induce effective antitumoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Moehler
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Katrin Goepfert
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Bernd Heinrich
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | | | - Maike Delic
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Peter Robert Galle
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Jean Rommelaere
- Division of Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
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Kwiatkowska A, Nandhu MS, Behera P, Chiocca EA, Viapiano MS. Strategies in gene therapy for glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1271-305. [PMID: 24202446 PMCID: PMC3875940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5041271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, with a dismal prognosis and extremely low percentage of survivors. Novel therapies are in dire need to improve the clinical management of these tumors and extend patient survival. Genetic therapies for GBM have been postulated and attempted for the past twenty years, with variable degrees of success in pre-clinical models and clinical trials. Here we review the most common approaches to treat GBM by gene therapy, including strategies to deliver tumor-suppressor genes, suicide genes, immunomodulatory cytokines to improve immune response, and conditionally-replicating oncolytic viruses. The review focuses on the strategies used for gene delivery, including the most common and widely used vehicles (i.e., replicating and non-replicating viruses) as well as novel therapeutic approaches such as stem cell-mediated therapy and nanotechnologies used for gene delivery. We present an overview of these strategies, their targets, different advantages, and challenges for success. Finally, we discuss the potential of gene therapy-based strategies to effectively attack such a complex genetic target as GBM, alone or in combination with conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kwiatkowska
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Lavie M, Struyf S, Stroh-Dege A, Rommelaere J, Van Damme J, Dinsart C. Capacity of wild-type and chemokine-armed parvovirus H-1PV for inhibiting neo-angiogenesis. Virology 2013; 447:221-32. [PMID: 24210118 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy has been recognized as a powerful potential strategy for impeding the growth of various tumors. However no major therapeutic effects have been observed to date, mainly because of the emergence of several resistance mechanisms. Among novel strategies to target tumor vasculature, some oncolytic viruses open up new prospects. In this context, we addressed the question whether the rodent parvovirus H-1PV can target endothelial cells. We show that cultures of human normal (HUVEC) and immortalized (KS-IMM) endothelial cells sustain an abortive viral cycle upon infection with H-1PV and are sensitive to H-1PV cytotoxicity. H-1PV significantly inhibits infected KS-IMM tumor growth. This effect may be traced back by the virus ability to both kill proliferating endothelial cells and inhibit VEGF production Recombinant H-1PV vectors can also transduce tumor cells with chemokines endowed with anti-angiogenesis properties, and warrant further validation for the treatment of highly vascularized tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Lavie
- Tumor Virology Division, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Billottet C, Quemener C, Bikfalvi A. CXCR3, a double-edged sword in tumor progression and angiogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:287-95. [PMID: 23994549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CXC chemokines are involved in chemotaxis, regulation of cell growth, induction of apoptosis and modulation of angiostatic effects. CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL4 and its variant CXCL4L1 are members of the CXC chemokine family, which bind to the CXCR3 receptor to exert their biological effects. These chemokines are associated with a variety of human diseases including chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, cancer and metastasis. In this review, we focus on accumulating evidence demonstrating the pivotal role of CXCR3 in tumor progression. Its effects are mediated directly in tumor cells or indirectly through the regulation of angiogenesis and tumor immunity. Understanding the emerging role of CXCR3 and its signaling mechanisms further validates this receptor as a biomarker and therapeutic target for tumor progression and tumor angiogenesis.
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Noell S, Feigl GC, Serifi D, Mayer D, Naumann U, Göbel W, Ehrhardt A, Ritz R. Microendoscopy for hypericin fluorescence tumor diagnosis in a subcutaneous glioma mouse model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:552-60. [PMID: 24284111 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New treatment strategies for malignant gliomas are indispensible, due to the poor prognosis for patients. Fluorescence diagnosis (FD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are currently under intensive investigation and seem to improve the prognosis. Especially for deep seated malignant brain lesions and in order to optimize therapy new diagnostic tools are needed. METHODS In a syngeneic subcutaneous glioma mouse model we investigated the time dependent hypericin (HYP) uptake in malignant tumor tissue by microendoscopically fluorescence measurements. The HYP fluorescence in tumor was also detected by fluorescence microscopy (FM) and was compared to endoscopic data. RESULTS Both methods, microendoscopy and FM, demonstrated time dependent HYP uptake in subcutaneously implanted mouse glioma. Maximum of HYP uptake was achieved after 6h, measured with both methods. FM reached a 10-fold increase in fluorescence intensity compared to the autofluorescence. Measured by microendoscopy a 2.2-fold HYP fluorescence intensity compared to the autofluorescence was detected. Microendoscopy enables visualization of small vessels even in healthy brain tissue by intravascular HYP fluorescence. CONCLUSION The new developed microendoscope enables not only fluorescence based discrimination of tumor and healthy tissue, but also semiquantitative measurements of fluorescence intensities in vivo. Individual repetitive fluorescence diagnosis will become possible by this method and opens up new possibilities for determining optimal settings of light applications for PDT.
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