1
|
Masurier J, Mathieu ME, Fearnbach SN, Cardenoux C, Julian V, Lambert C, Pereira B, Duclos M, Boirie Y, Thivel D. Effect of Exercise Duration on Subsequent Appetite and Energy Intake in Obese Adolescent Girls. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2018; 28:593-601. [PMID: 29431521 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest regarding the effect of exercise on appetite and energy intake in youth. While the role of exercise intensity has been a primary focus of study, the effect of exercise duration on subsequent food intake has not been fully examined in obese adolescents. On three separate mornings in a randomly assigned order, obese adolescent girls (n = 20) aged 12-15 years old were asked to perform a rest session (control, CON) or two cycling sessions for 20 (EX20) or 40 min (EX40) set at their ventilatory threshold. Absolute and relative energy intake were measured from an ad libitum lunch meal 30 min after rest or exercise and appetite feelings assessed using visual analogue scales throughout the day. Hunger, satiety, and prospective food consumption were not significantly different between conditions. Absolute energy intake (kcal) did not differ between conditions, while relative energy intake on EX40 (571 ± 381 kcal) was significantly lower than during CON (702 ± 320 kcal; p < .05) and EX20 (736 ± 457 kcal; p < .05). Fat ingestion (in grams) was significantly lower on CON (7.8 ± 3.2 g) compared with EX20 (10.3 ± 4.6 g; p < .01). Protein intake (in grams) was higher on EX20 (37.0 ± 16.6 g) compared with both CON (29.5 ± 11.7 g; p < .01) and EX40 (33.1 ± 10.9 g; p < .05). However, the percentage of total energy derived from each macronutrient was not different between conditions. Obese adolescent girls do not compensate for an acute bout of exercise set at their ventilatory threshold by increasing energy intake, regardless of the exercise duration.
Collapse
|
2
|
Zurita-Ortega F, Chacón-Cuberos R, Castro-Sánchez M, Gutiérrez-Vela FL, González-Valero G. Effect of an Intervention Program Based on Active Video Games and Motor Games on Health Indicators in University Students: A Pilot Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E1329. [PMID: 29941811 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: High levels of physical inactivity caused by sedentary digital screen leisure constitute one of the main causes of the high levels of obesity observed in today’s society; (2) Methods: The present study aims to analyse the effect of a 12-week intervention program based on the application of active video games and motor games on health status indicators, problematic use of video games, and resilience capacity in university students. Besides, the content blocks of the Physical Education (PE) field are worked on through these devices, revealing their potential as an Information and Communications Technology (ICT) resource. A longitudinal study with a pre-experimental design with pretest⁻posttest measurements in a single group (n = 47) was performed, using as main instruments a Tanita TBF300® bioimpedance scale, the 20mSRT test for maximum oxygen consumption (VO²max), the Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Test (KIDMED), the Questionnaire for Experiences Related to Video games (QERV) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC); (3) Results: The main results were a discrete improvement in the percentage of fat mass and VO²max, representing a small effect size in both cases. The quality of the diet followed and the confidence and tolerance for adversity as a resilience factor were also improved, representing a medium size effect for this last variable; (4) Conclusions: Despite the limitations of this study as it does not have a control group, the main conclusions are that active video games and motor games can be a motivational resource to follow an active lifestyle, helping to improve health status indicators in young adults.
Collapse
|
3
|
Fearnbach SN, Silvert L, Pereira B, Boirie Y, Duclos M, Keller KL, Thivel D. Reduced neural responses to food cues might contribute to the anorexigenic effect of acute exercise observed in obese but not lean adolescents. Nutr Res 2017; 44:76-84. [PMID: 28821320 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Acute exercise has been found to reduce subsequent energy intake in obese adolescents. Although it has been suggested that some neural pathways are involved in this post-exercise energy intake regulation, it remains unknown whether the post-exercise attentional response to food cues differs as a function of weight status. We hypothesize that there will be a reduction in the neural response to food cues as a result of exercise in obese adolescents, but not in their lean counterparts. Fourteen obese and 14 lean adolescent boys (12-15 years) were randomized (within-subjects design) to remain seated (CON) or to exercise 45 minutes at 65% of their maximal capacities (EX). After the exercise or sitting period, the adolescents' cognitive engagement in the processing of food vs. non-food cues was assessed during an attentional computer-based task with electroencephalography (EEG) recording. An ad libitum lunch meal was offered and appetite feelings were assessed (visual analog scales). There was no main effect of condition on energy intake in lean subjects, but obese adolescents ate significantly less following EX compared with CON (P<.05). There was no effect of condition or stimulus type (food vs. non-food) on the EEG-recorded amplitude of the P3b component in lean adolescents. However, the response to food cues was significantly reduced compared with non-food stimuli after exercise in obese participants (P<.01). Following EX, but not CON, total body weight, body mass index, and fat mass were inversely correlated with the EEG response to food-non-food stimuli (all P<.05). However, this response was not associated with ad libitum EI (both P>.1). Acute exercise favors decreased neural response to food cues compared with non-food cues in obese but not lean adolescents, suggesting differential effects of exercise on the neural processing of food cues based on weight status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S N Fearnbach
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Brain and Metabolism Imaging in Chonic Disease, LSU Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - L Silvert
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6024, LAPSCO, F-63037 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - B Pereira
- Clermont-Ferrand University hospital, Biostatistics unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Y Boirie
- Department of Human Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France; University Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - M Duclos
- University Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - K L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - D Thivel
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mack I, Bayer C, Schäffeler N, Reiband N, Brölz E, Zurstiege G, Fernandez-Aranda F, Gawrilow C, Zipfel S. Chances and Limitations of Video Games in the Fight against Childhood Obesity-A Systematic Review. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2017; 25:237-267. [PMID: 28467004 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHOD A systematic literature search was conducted to assess the chances and limitations of video games to combat and prevent childhood obesity. This search included studies with video or computer games targeting nutrition, physical activity and obesity for children between 7 and 15 years of age. RESULTS The study distinguished between games that aimed to (i) improve knowledge about nutrition, eating habits and exercise; (ii) increase physical activity; or (iii) combine both approaches. Overall, the games were well accepted. On a qualitative level, most studies reported positive effects on obesity-related outcomes (improvement of weight-related parameters, physical activity or dietary behaviour/knowledge). However, the observed effects were small. The games did not address psychosocial aspects. CONCLUSIONS Using video games for weight management exclusively does not deliver satisfying results. Video games as an additional guided component of prevention and treatment programs have the potential to increase compliance and thus enhance treatment outcome. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Bayer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Schäffeler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Reiband
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of School Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Brölz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guido Zurstiege
- Department of Media Studies, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caterina Gawrilow
- Department of School Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thivel D, Genin PM, Mathieu ME, Pereira B, Metz L. Reproducibility of an in-laboratory test meal to assess ad libitum energy intake in adolescents with obesity. Appetite 2016; 105:129-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
6
|
Thivel D, Rumbold PL, King NA, Pereira B, Blundell JE, Mathieu ME. Acute post-exercise energy and macronutrient intake in lean and obese youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1469-79. [PMID: 27430876 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM This review aims to determine if acute exercise affects subsequent energy and macronutrients intake in obese and non-obese children and adolescents. METHODS Databases were searched between January 2015 and December 2015 for studies reporting energy and/or macronutrients intake immediately after an acute exercise and control condition, in children and adolescents. From the initial 118 references found, 14 were included for subsequent analysis after screening representing 31 acute exercise conditions that varied in intensity, duration and modality. RESULTS One study found increased energy intake after exercise, seven decreased and 23 revealed no change. The meta-analysis revealed a significant effect of acute exercise on intake in obese but not in lean youth by a mean difference of -0.430 (95% confidence interval=-0.703 to -0.157, P=0.002) displaying low heterogeneity (I2=0.000; Q=5.875; df=9, P=0.752). The analysis showed that intense exercise only reduces intake in obese children (no intensity effect in lean). Unchanged macronutrients intake was reported in nine studies as opposed to three which found modified lipids, protein and/or carbohydrate intake. CONCLUSION Although acute exercise does not affect energy intake in lean, it appears to reduced food intake in obese youth when intense, without altering the macronutrients composition of the meal.
Collapse
|
7
|
Allsop S, Green BP, Dodd-Reynolds CJ, Barry G, Rumbold PL. Comparison of short-term energy intake and appetite responses to active and seated video gaming, in 8-11-year-old boys. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1117-25. [PMID: 26817510 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515005437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The acute effects of active and seated video gaming on energy intake (EI), blood glucose, plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-17-36) and subjective appetite (hunger, prospective food consumption and fullness) were examined in 8-11-year-old boys. In a randomised, crossover manner, twenty-two boys completed one 90-min active and one 90-min seated video gaming trial during which food and drinks were provided ad libitum. EI, plasma GLP-17-36, blood glucose and subjective appetite were measured during and following both trials. Time-averaged AUC blood glucose was increased (P=0·037); however, EI was lower during active video gaming (1·63 (sem 0·26) MJ) compared with seated video gaming (2·65 (sem 0·32) MJ) (P=0·000). In a post-gaming test meal 1 h later, there were no significant differences in EI between the active and seated gaming trials. Although estimated energy expenditure was significantly higher during active video gaming, there was still no compensation for the lower EI. At cessation of the trials, relative EI (REI) was significantly lower following active video gaming (2·06 (sem 0·30) MJ) v. seated video gaming (3·34 (sem 0·35) MJ) (P=0·000). No significant differences were detected in time-averaged AUC GLP-17-36 or subjective appetite. At cessation of the active video gaming trial, EI and REI were significantly less than for seated video gaming. In spite of this, the REI established for active video gaming was a considerable amount when considering the total daily estimated average requirement for 8-11-year-old boys in the UK (7·70 MJ).
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Children and adolescents spend a considerable amount of time engaged in sedentary behaviors that have been shown to favor weight gain and impaired physical fitness. Active video games have been proposed to increase physical activity levels. Although active video games may offer an interesting alternative to reducing sedentary time for children, the present commentary aimed to determine whether there is adequate evidence that compared active video gaming to real-life play and exercise. Given the dearth of data, it is not possible at present to support the use of active video games as substitutes for traditional forms of active play and health-enhancing physical activity. Further research should be encouraged and therapists should not consider active video games exclusively for intervention in children with obesity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fearnbach SN, Silvert L, Keller KL, Genin PM, Morio B, Pereira B, Duclos M, Boirie Y, Thivel D. Reduced neural response to food cues following exercise is accompanied by decreased energy intake in obese adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:77-83. [PMID: 26449418 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exercise has been found to favor a transient anorexigenic effect in obese adolescents. Although the role of some gastro-peptides has been suggested as an explanation for this observed reduced energy intake after exercise, it is unknown whether neural pathways involved in the regulation of food intake are modulated in youth. METHODS Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and aerobic capacities were assessed in 19 obese adolescent boys. Participants were randomized to remain at rest in a sitting position (CON condition) or to exercise 45 min at 65% of their maximal capacities (EX condition) by the end of the morning. An attentional computer task with electroencephalography recording was completed immediately after the exercise or sitting period to measure an event-related component (P3b) reflecting the level of cognitive engagement in the processing of food cues. A lunch test-meal was offered ad libitum and appetite feelings assessed at regular intervals using visual analog scales. RESULTS The 45-min cycling exercise set at 65% VO2max induced a mean energy expenditure of 399±75 kcal. Both absolute (P<0.05) and relative (P<0.001) subsequent energy intake were significantly reduced after EX (1037±260 and 639±256 kcal, respectively) compared with CON (1116±243 and 1011±239 kcal, respectively). The energy ingested derived from each macronutrient and self-reported appetite remained unchanged. Although the amplitudes of the P3b component evoked by food and non-food visual stimuli were not significantly different during CON, the response to food cues was significantly reduced compared with non-food stimuli after exercise (P<0.01). DISCUSSION An acute exercise favors decreased neural response to food cues compared with non-food ones in obese adolescents that may contribute to their subsequently reduced energy intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S N Fearnbach
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - L Silvert
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS, UMR 6024, LAPSCO, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - K L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - P M Genin
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - B Morio
- INRA, UMR 1397, Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U1060, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Université Lyon-Sud Rockefeller et Charles Merieux, Lyon, France
| | - B Pereira
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Biostatistics unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Y Boirie
- INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Human Nutriton, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,University Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Thivel
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|