1
|
Casey-Clyde T, Liu SJ, Serrano JAC, Teng C, Jang YG, Vasudevan HN, Bush JO, Raleigh DR. Eed controls craniofacial osteoblast differentiation and mesenchymal proliferation from the neural crest. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.13.584903. [PMID: 38558995 PMCID: PMC10979956 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.13.584903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The histone methyltransferase Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is required for specification of the neural crest, and mis-regulation of the neural crest can cause severe congenital malformations. PRC2 is required for induction of the neural crest, but the embryonic, cellular, and molecular consequences of PRC2 activity after neural crest induction are incompletely understood. Here we show that Eed, a core subunit of PRC2, is required for craniofacial osteoblast differentiation and mesenchymal proliferation after induction of the neural crest. Integrating mouse genetics with single-cell RNA sequencing, our results reveal that conditional knockout of Eed after neural crest cell induction causes severe craniofacial hypoplasia, impaired craniofacial osteogenesis, and attenuated craniofacial mesenchymal cell proliferation that is first evident in post-migratory neural crest cell populations. We show that Eed drives mesenchymal differentiation and proliferation in vivo and in primary craniofacial cell cultures by regulating diverse transcription factor programs that are required for specification of post-migratory neural crest cells. These data enhance understanding of epigenetic mechanisms that underlie craniofacial development, and shed light on the embryonic, cellular, and molecular drivers of rare congenital syndromes in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Casey-Clyde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S. John Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Juan Antonio Camara Serrano
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Camilla Teng
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yoon-Gu Jang
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Harish N. Vasudevan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey O. Bush
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David R. Raleigh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goel H, O'Donnell S, Edwards M. EED related overgrowth: First report of multiple members in a single family. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:374-382. [PMID: 37840385 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
EED is a core component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) with EZH2 and SUZ12. PRC2 has H3K27 methyltransferase activity (HMTase) that catalyzes the addition of up to three methyl groups on histone 3 at lysine residue 27 (H3K27). Germline heterozygous variants in EED, SUZ12, and EZH2 have been identified in patients with overgrowth and multiple dysmorphic features. The clinical manifestations of these syndromes significantly overlap: generalized overgrowth, intellectual disability, and scoliosis. To date, 11 unrelated patients have been published with missense variants in EED at highly conserved amino acids. We report three affected members in a family with a previously reported missense variant. All three affected members manifested very similarly, and this represents a homogenous clinical phenotype associated with EED related intellectual disability and overgrowth. This disorder is appropriately called Cohen-Gibson syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Goel
- Hunter Genetics, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Matthew Edwards
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang SF, Dai SK, Du HZ, Wang H, Li XG, Tang Y, Liu CM. The epigenetic state of EED-Gli3-Gli1 regulatory axis controls embryonic cortical neurogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2064-2080. [PMID: 35931079 PMCID: PMC9481917 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the embryonic ectoderm development (EED) cause Weaver syndrome, but whether and how EED affects embryonic brain development remains elusive. Here, we generated a mouse model in which Eed was deleted in the forebrain to investigate the role of EED. We found that deletion of Eed decreased the number of upper-layer neurons but not deeper-layer neurons starting at E16.5. Transcriptomic and genomic occupancy analyses revealed that the epigenetic states of a group of cortical neurogenesis-related genes were altered in Eed knockout forebrains, followed by a decrease of H3K27me3 and an increase of H3K27ac marks within the promoter regions. The switching of H3K27me3 to H3K27ac modification promoted the recruitment of RNA-Pol2, thereby enhancing its expression level. The small molecule activator SAG or Ptch1 knockout for activating Hedgehog signaling can partially rescue aberrant cortical neurogenesis. Taken together, we proposed a novel EED-Gli3-Gli1 regulatory axis that is critical for embryonic brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Feng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shang-Kun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xing-Guo Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Chang-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu J, Liao PJ, Xu W, Jones JR, Everman DB, Flanagan-Steet H, Keller TH, Virshup DM. Structural model of human PORCN illuminates disease-associated variants and drug-binding sites. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:273795. [PMID: 34817055 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is essential for normal development and is a therapeutic target in cancer. The enzyme PORCN, or porcupine, is a membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) that is required for the post-translational modification of all Wnts, adding an essential mono-unsaturated palmitoleic acid to a serine on the tip of Wnt hairpin 2. Inherited mutations in PORCN cause focal dermal hypoplasia, and therapeutic inhibition of PORCN slows the growth of Wnt-dependent cancers. Based on homology to mammalian MBOAT proteins, we developed and validated a structural model of human PORCN. The model accommodates palmitoleoyl-CoA and Wnt hairpin 2 in two tunnels in the conserved catalytic core, shedding light on the catalytic mechanism. The model predicts how previously uncharacterized human variants of uncertain significance can alter PORCN function. Drugs including ETC-159, IWP-L6 and LGK-974 dock in the PORCN catalytic site, providing insights into PORCN pharmacologic inhibition. This structural model enhances our mechanistic understanding of PORCN substrate recognition and catalysis, as well as the inhibition of its enzymatic activity, and can facilitate the development of improved inhibitors and the understanding of disease-relevant PORCN mutants. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Pei-Ju Liao
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Weijun Xu
- Discovery Chemistry, Experimental Drug Development Centre, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos, 138670, Singapore
| | - Julie R Jones
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - David B Everman
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | | | - Thomas H Keller
- Discovery Chemistry, Experimental Drug Development Centre, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos, 138670, Singapore
| | - David M Virshup
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Raby L, Völkel P, Hasanpour S, Cicero J, Toillon RA, Adriaenssens E, Van Seuningen I, Le Bourhis X, Angrand PO. Loss of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Function Alters Digestive Organ Homeostasis and Neuronal Differentiation in Zebrafish. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113142. [PMID: 34831364 PMCID: PMC8620594 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) mediates histone H3K27me3 methylation and the stable transcriptional repression of a number of gene expression programs involved in the control of cellular identity during development and differentiation. Here, we report on the generation and on the characterization of a zebrafish line harboring a null allele of eed, a gene coding for an essential component of the PRC2. Homozygous eed-deficient mutants present a normal body plan development but display strong defects at the level of the digestive organs, such as reduced size of the pancreas, hepatic steatosis, and a loss of the intestinal structures, to die finally at around 10-12 days post fertilization. In addition, we found that PRC2 loss of function impairs neuronal differentiation in very specific and discrete areas of the brain and increases larval activity in locomotor assays. Our work highlights that zebrafish is a suited model to study human pathologies associated with PRC2 loss of function and H3K27me3 decrease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Raby
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR 9020-U 1277 – CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.R.); (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.-A.T.); (E.A.); (I.V.S.); (X.L.B.)
| | - Pamela Völkel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR 9020-U 1277 – CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.R.); (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.-A.T.); (E.A.); (I.V.S.); (X.L.B.)
| | - Shaghayegh Hasanpour
- Department of Fisheries and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran;
| | - Julien Cicero
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR 9020-U 1277 – CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.R.); (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.-A.T.); (E.A.); (I.V.S.); (X.L.B.)
- Univ. Artois, UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Robert-Alain Toillon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR 9020-U 1277 – CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.R.); (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.-A.T.); (E.A.); (I.V.S.); (X.L.B.)
| | - Eric Adriaenssens
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR 9020-U 1277 – CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.R.); (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.-A.T.); (E.A.); (I.V.S.); (X.L.B.)
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR 9020-U 1277 – CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.R.); (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.-A.T.); (E.A.); (I.V.S.); (X.L.B.)
| | - Xuefen Le Bourhis
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR 9020-U 1277 – CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.R.); (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.-A.T.); (E.A.); (I.V.S.); (X.L.B.)
| | - Pierre-Olivier Angrand
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR 9020-U 1277 – CANTHER – Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.R.); (P.V.); (J.C.); (R.-A.T.); (E.A.); (I.V.S.); (X.L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-2033-6222
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hetzelt KLML, Winterholler M, Kerling F, Rauch C, Ekici AB, Winterpacht A, Vasileiou G, Uebe S, Thiel CT, Kraus C, Reis A, Zweier C. Manifestation of epilepsy in a patient with EED-related overgrowth (Cohen-Gibson syndrome). Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:292-297. [PMID: 34533271 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cohen-Gibson syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by fetal or early childhood overgrowth and mild to severe intellectual disability. It is caused by heterozygous aberrations in EED, which encodes an evolutionary conserved polycomb group (PcG) protein that forms the polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) together with EZH2, SUZ12, and RBBP7/4. In total, 11 affected individuals with heterozygous pathogenic variants in EED were reported, so far. All variants affect a few key residues within the EED WD40 repeat domain. By trio exome sequencing, we identified the heterozygous missense variant c.581A > G, p.(Asn194Ser) in exon 6 of the EED-gene in an individual with moderate intellectual disability, overgrowth, and epilepsy. The same pathogenic variant was detected in 2 of the 11 previously reported cases. Epilepsy, however, was only diagnosed in one other individual with Cohen-Gibson syndrome before. Our findings further confirm that the WD40 repeat domain represents a mutational hotspot; they also expand the clinical spectrum of Cohen-Gibson syndrome and highlight the clinical variability even in individuals with the same pathogenic variant. Furthermore, they indicate a possible association between Cohen-Gibson syndrome and epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin L M L Hetzelt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Winterholler
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders Center, Sana-Krankenhaus Rummelsberg, Schwarzenbruck/Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Frank Kerling
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders Center, Sana-Krankenhaus Rummelsberg, Schwarzenbruck/Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Christophe Rauch
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders Center, Sana-Krankenhaus Rummelsberg, Schwarzenbruck/Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Winterpacht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgia Vasileiou
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian T Thiel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kraus
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Zweier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Lu QR. Convergent epigenetic regulation of glial plasticity in myelin repair and brain tumorigenesis: A focus on histone modifying enzymes. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 144:105040. [PMID: 32800999 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain regeneration and tumorigenesis are complex processes involving in changes in chromatin structure to regulate cellular states at the molecular and genomic level. The modulation of chromatin structure dynamics is critical for maintaining progenitor cell plasticity, growth and differentiation. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) can be differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes, which produce myelin sheathes to permit saltatory nerve conduction. OPCs and their primitive progenitors such as pri-OPC or pre-OPC are highly adaptive and plastic during injury repair or brain tumor formation. Recent studies indicate that chromatin modifications and epigenetic homeostasis through histone modifying enzymes shape genomic regulatory landscape conducive to OPC fate specification, lineage differentiation, maintenance of myelin sheaths, as well as brain tumorigenesis. Thus, histone modifications can be convergent mechanisms in regulating OPC plasticity and malignant transformation. In this review, we will focus on the impact of histone modifying enzymes in modulating OPC plasticity during normal development, myelin regeneration and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang J, Yang L, Dong C, Wang J, Xu L, Qiu Y, Weng Q, Zhao C, Xin M, Lu QR. EED-mediated histone methylation is critical for CNS myelination and remyelination by inhibiting WNT, BMP, and senescence pathways. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz6477. [PMID: 32851157 PMCID: PMC7423366 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz6477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) can cause Weaver-like syndrome, wherein a patient cohort exhibits abnormal white matter; however, PRC2 functions in CNS myelination and regeneration remain elusive. We show here that H3K27me3, the PRC2 catalytic product, increases during oligodendrocyte maturation. Depletion of embryonic ectoderm development (EED), a core PRC2 subunit, reduces differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPCs), and causes an OPC-to-astrocyte fate switch in a region-specific manner. Although dispensable for myelin maintenance, EED is critical for oligodendrocyte remyelination. Genomic occupancy and transcriptomic analyses indicate that EED establishes a chromatin landscape that selectively represses inhibitory WNT and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, and senescence-associated programs. Blocking WNT or BMP pathways partially restores differentiation defects in EED-deficient OPCs. Thus, our findings reveal that EED/PRC2 is a crucial epigenetic programmer of CNS myelination and repair, while demonstrating a spatiotemporal-specific role of PRC2-mediated chromatin silencing in shaping oligodendrocyte identity and lineage plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lingli Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yueping Qiu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mei Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Q. Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nussinov R, Tsai C, Jang H. Autoinhibition can identify rare driver mutations and advise pharmacology. FASEB J 2019; 34:16-29. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901341r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section Basic Science Program Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick MD USA
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Chung‐Jung Tsai
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cyrus SS, Cohen ASA, Agbahovbe R, Avela K, Yeung KS, Chung BHY, Luk HM, Tkachenko N, Choufani S, Weksberg R, Lopez-Rangel E, Brown K, Saenz MS, Svihovec S, McCandless SE, Bird LM, Garcia AG, Gambello MJ, McWalter K, Schnur RE, An J, Jones SJM, Bhalla SK, Pinz H, Braddock SR, Gibson WT. Rare SUZ12 variants commonly cause an overgrowth phenotype. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2019; 181:532-547. [PMID: 31736240 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Polycomb repressive complex 2 is an epigenetic writer and recruiter with a role in transcriptional silencing. Constitutional pathogenic variants in its component proteins have been found to cause two established overgrowth syndromes: Weaver syndrome (EZH2-related overgrowth) and Cohen-Gibson syndrome (EED-related overgrowth). Imagawa et al. (2017) initially reported a singleton female with a Weaver-like phenotype with a rare coding SUZ12 variant-the same group subsequently reported two additional affected patients. Here we describe a further 10 patients (from nine families) with rare heterozygous SUZ12 variants who present with a Weaver-like phenotype. We report four frameshift, two missense, one nonsense, and two splice site variants. The affected patients demonstrate variable pre- and postnatal overgrowth, dysmorphic features, musculoskeletal abnormalities and developmental delay/intellectual disability. Some patients have genitourinary and structural brain abnormalities, and there may be an association with respiratory issues. The addition of these 10 patients makes a compelling argument that rare pathogenic SUZ12 variants frequently cause overgrowth, physical abnormalities, and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes in the heterozygous state. Pathogenic SUZ12 variants may be de novo or inherited, and are sometimes inherited from a mildly-affected parent. Larger samples sizes will be needed to elucidate whether one or more clinically-recognizable syndromes emerge from different variant subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharri S Cyrus
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ana S A Cohen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ruky Agbahovbe
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristiina Avela
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kit S Yeung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Brian H Y Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Ming Luk
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Nataliya Tkachenko
- Medical Genetics Service, Medical Genetics Center Dr. Jacinto de Magalhães, Porto Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sanaa Choufani
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Lopez-Rangel
- Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | -
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kathleen Brown
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Margarita S Saenz
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shayna Svihovec
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shawn E McCandless
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lynne M Bird
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California.,Genetics/Dysmorphology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Aixa Gonzalez Garcia
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael J Gambello
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Jianghong An
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sanjiv K Bhalla
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Diagnostic and Medical Imaging Services, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hailey Pinz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen R Braddock
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - William T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cyrus S, Burkardt D, Weaver DD, Gibson WT. PRC2-complex related dysfunction in overgrowth syndromes: A review of EZH2, EED, and SUZ12 and their syndromic phenotypes. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2019; 181:519-531. [PMID: 31724824 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The EZH2, EED, and SUZ12 genes encode proteins that comprise core components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), an epigenetic "writer" with H3K27 methyltransferase activity, catalyzing the addition of up to three methyl groups on histone 3 at lysine residue 27 (H3K27). Partial loss-of-function variants in genes encoding the EZH2 and EED subunits of the complex lead to overgrowth, macrocephaly, advanced bone age, variable intellectual disability, and distinctive facial features. EZH2-associated overgrowth, caused by constitutional heterozygous mutations within Enhancer of Zeste homologue 2 (EZH2), has a phenotypic spectrum ranging from tall stature without obvious intellectual disability or dysmorphic features to classical Weaver syndrome (OMIM #277590). EED-associated overgrowth (Cohen-Gibson syndrome; OMIM #617561) is caused by germline heterozygous mutations in Embryonic Ectoderm Development (EED), and manifests overgrowth and intellectual disability (OGID), along with other features similar to Weaver syndrome. Most recently, rare coding variants in SUZ12 have also been described that present with clinical characteristics similar to the previous two syndromes. Here we review the PRC2 complex and clinical syndromes of OGID associated with core components EZH2, EED, and SUZ12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharri Cyrus
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deepika Burkardt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children/Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David D Weaver
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - William T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a conserved chromatin regulator that is responsible for the methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27). PRC2 is essential for normal development and its loss of function thus results in a range of developmental phenotypes. Here, we review the latest advances in our understanding of mammalian PRC2 activity and present an updated summary of the phenotypes associated with its loss of function in mice. We then discuss recent studies that have highlighted regulatory interplay between the modifications laid down by PRC2 and other chromatin modifiers, including NSD1 and DNMT3A. Finally, we propose a model in which the dysregulation of these modifications at intergenic regions is a shared molecular feature of genetically distinct but highly phenotypically similar overgrowth syndromes in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orla Deevy
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Adrian P Bracken
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|