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Sehn AP, Brand C, de Castro Silveira JF, Andersen LB, Gaya AR, Todendi PF, de Moura Valim AR, Reuter CP. What is the role of cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary behavior in relationship between the genetic predisposition to obesity and cardiometabolic risk score? BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:92. [PMID: 35264112 PMCID: PMC8905833 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic factors along with inadequate lifestyle habits are associated with the development of cardiometabolic alterations. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the role of sedentary behavior on the relationship between rs9939609 polymorphism (fat mass and obesity-associated gene-FTO) and cardiometabolic risk score according to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels in children and adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study with 1215 children and adolescents (692 girls), aged between 6 and 17 years. Screen time as a marker of sedentary behavior was evaluated through a self-reported questionnaire and CRF was estimated using the 6-min walking and running test. The genotyping of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was performed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Clustered cardiometabolic risk score (cMetS) was calculated by summing z-scores of total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, glucose, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference, and dividing it by five. Moderation analyses were tested using multiple linear regression models. Results The coefficient of the interaction term of FTO (rs9939609) and screen time indicated that screen time was a significant moderator on the relationship between FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and cMetS (p = 0.047) in children and adolescents classified with low CRF (β = 0.001; 95% CI = 0.001; 0.002). It was observed a significant association between genotype risk (AA) of FTO polymorphism and cMetS, in participants that spent more than 378 min a day in front of screen-based devices (β = 0.203; 95% CI = 0.000; 0.405). No interaction term was found for those with high CRF. Conclusions High sedentary behavior seems to influence the relationship between genetic predisposition to obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with low CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Sehn
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Independência Av, 2293 - Universitário, Santa Cruz Do Sul, RS, 96815-900, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Brand
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Independência Av, 2293 - Universitário, Santa Cruz Do Sul, RS, 96815-900, Brazil
| | - João Francisco de Castro Silveira
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Independência Av, 2293 - Universitário, Santa Cruz Do Sul, RS, 96815-900, Brazil
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sport, Westerm Norway University of Applied Sciences, Songdal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance. Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Ferreira Todendi
- Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andréia Rosane de Moura Valim
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Independência Av, 2293 - Universitário, Santa Cruz Do Sul, RS, 96815-900, Brazil.,Life Sciences Department, University of Santa Cruz Do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz Do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Independência Av, 2293 - Universitário, Santa Cruz Do Sul, RS, 96815-900, Brazil.,Health Sciences Department, University of Santa Cruz Do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz Do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Yam P, Albright J, VerHague M, Gertz ER, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Bennett BJ. Genetic Background Shapes Phenotypic Response to Diet for Adiposity in the Collaborative Cross. Front Genet 2021; 11:615012. [PMID: 33643372 PMCID: PMC7905354 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.615012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defined as chronic excessive accumulation of adiposity, obesity results from long-term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The mechanisms behind how caloric imbalance occurs are complex and influenced by numerous biological and environmental factors, especially genetics, and diet. Population-based diet recommendations have had limited success partly due to the wide variation in physiological responses across individuals when they consume the same diet. Thus, it is necessary to broaden our understanding of how individual genetics and diet interact relative to the development of obesity for improving weight loss treatment. To determine how consumption of diets with different macronutrient composition alter adiposity and other obesity-related traits in a genetically diverse population, we analyzed body composition, metabolic rate, clinical blood chemistries, and circulating metabolites in 22 strains of mice from the Collaborative Cross (CC), a highly diverse recombinant inbred mouse population, before and after 8 weeks of feeding either a high protein or high fat high sucrose diet. At both baseline and post-diet, adiposity and other obesity-related traits exhibited a broad range of phenotypic variation based on CC strain; diet-induced changes in adiposity and other traits also depended largely on CC strain. In addition to estimating heritability at baseline, we also quantified the effect size of diet for each trait, which varied by trait and experimental diet. Our findings identified CC strains prone to developing obesity, demonstrate the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of the CC for studying complex traits, and highlight the importance of accounting for genetic differences when making dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Yam
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jody Albright
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Melissa VerHague
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Erik R. Gertz
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Brian J. Bennett
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Development of a Genetic Risk Score to predict the risk of overweight and obesity in European adolescents from the HELENA study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3067. [PMID: 33542408 PMCID: PMC7862459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the result of interactions between genes and environmental factors. Since monogenic etiology is only known in some obesity-related genes, a genetic risk score (GRS) could be useful to determine the genetic predisposition to obesity. Therefore, the aim of our study was to build a GRS able to predict genetic predisposition to overweight and obesity in European adolescents. A total of 1069 adolescents (51.3% female), aged 11-19 years participating in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) cross-sectional study were genotyped. The sample was divided in non-overweight (non-OW) and overweight/obesity (OW/OB). From 611 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) available, a first screening of 104 SNPs univariately associated with obesity (p < 0.20) was established selecting 21 significant SNPs (p < 0.05) in the multivariate model. Unweighted GRS (uGRS) was calculated by summing the number of risk alleles and weighted GRS (wGRS) by multiplying the risk alleles to each estimated coefficient. The area under curve (AUC) was calculated in uGRS (0.723) and wGRS (0.734) using tenfold internal cross-validation. Both uGRS and wGRS were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (p < .001). Both GRSs could potentially be considered as useful genetic tools to evaluate individual's predisposition to overweight/obesity in European adolescents.
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Exclusive breastfeeding can attenuate body-mass-index increase among genetically susceptible children: A longitudinal study from the ALSPAC cohort. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008790. [PMID: 32525877 PMCID: PMC7289340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) explain a larger proportion of the genetic variability to BMI and obesity. The genetic risk associated with BMI and obesity can be assessed by an obesity-specific genetic risk score (GRS) constructed from genome-wide significant genetic variants. The aim of our study is to examine whether the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding can attenuate BMI increase during childhood and adolescence due to genetic risks. A total sample of 5,266 children (2,690 boys and 2,576 girls) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) was used for the analysis. We evaluated the role of breastfeeding (exclusivity and duration) in modulating BMI increase attributed to the GRS from birth to 18 years of age. The GRS was composed of 69 variants associated with adult BMI and 25 non-overlapping SNPs associated with pediatric BMI. In the high genetic susceptible group (upper GRS quartile), exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) to 5 months reduces BMI by 1.14 kg/m2 (95% CI, 0.37 to 1.91, p = 0.0037) in 18-year-old boys, which compensates a 3.9-decile GRS increase. In 18-year-old girls, EBF to 5 months decreases BMI by 1.53 kg/m2 (95% CI, 0.76 to 2.29, p<0.0001), which compensates a 7.0-decile GRS increase. EBF acts early in life by delaying the age at adiposity peak and at adiposity rebound. EBF to 3 months or non-exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a significantly diminished impact on reducing BMI growth during childhood. EBF influences early life growth and development and thus may play a critical role in preventing overweight and obesity among children at high-risk due to genetic factors. Previous studies have shown that EBF is associated with lower BMI during childhood and adolescence. Moreover, a GRS based on 97 genetic variants has been derived from large GWASs and is predictive of BMI in adults and children. However, it remains unclear whether EBF can attenuate the increase in BMI attributed to the GRS in children. Our study was able to characterize the effect of the GRS in children from birth to 18 years of age. Our main results showed that EBF to 5 months has substantial effect in decreasing BMI among children at higher genetic risks. EBF to 3 months or non-exclusive breastfeeding had a significantly diminished effect on reducing BMI growth during childhood. Our study suggests that interventions aimed at reducing the risks of overweight and obesity across the lifespan should start in very early childhood to be impactful, which makes EBF a key candidate intervention. While EBF is beneficial to all children, targeting those carrying multiple BMI/obesity alleles should be a priority to reduce obesity and associated non-communicable diseases.
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Berry SE, Valdes AM, Drew DA, Asnicar F, Mazidi M, Wolf J, Capdevila J, Hadjigeorgiou G, Davies R, Al Khatib H, Bonnett C, Ganesh S, Bakker E, Hart D, Mangino M, Merino J, Linenberg I, Wyatt P, Ordovas JM, Gardner CD, Delahanty LM, Chan AT, Segata N, Franks PW, Spector TD. Human postprandial responses to food and potential for precision nutrition. Nat Med 2020; 26:964-973. [PMID: 32528151 PMCID: PMC8265154 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic responses to food influence risk of cardiometabolic disease, but large-scale high-resolution studies are lacking. We recruited n = 1,002 twins and unrelated healthy adults in the United Kingdom to the PREDICT 1 study and assessed postprandial metabolic responses in a clinical setting and at home. We observed large inter-individual variability (as measured by the population coefficient of variation (s.d./mean, %)) in postprandial responses of blood triglyceride (103%), glucose (68%) and insulin (59%) following identical meals. Person-specific factors, such as gut microbiome, had a greater influence (7.1% of variance) than did meal macronutrients (3.6%) for postprandial lipemia, but not for postprandial glycemia (6.0% and 15.4%, respectively); genetic variants had a modest impact on predictions (9.5% for glucose, 0.8% for triglyceride, 0.2% for C-peptide). Findings were independently validated in a US cohort (n = 100 people). We developed a machine-learning model that predicted both triglyceride (r = 0.47) and glycemic (r = 0.77) responses to food intake. These findings may be informative for developing personalized diet strategies. The ClinicalTrials.gov registration identifier is NCT03479866.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Berry
- Department of Nutrition, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ana M Valdes
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | - David A Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twins Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Haya Al Khatib
- Department of Nutrition, King's College London, London, UK
- Zoe Global Ltd, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Deborah Hart
- Department of Twins Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twins Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jordi Merino
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | | | | | - Jose M Ordovas
- JM-USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Linda M Delahanty
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Twins Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twins Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
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