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Li L, Zhang W, Liu S, Wang W, Ji X, Zhao Y, Shima M, Yoda Y, Yang D, Huang J, Guo X, Deng F. Cardiorespiratory effects of indoor ozone exposure during sleep and the influencing factors: A prospective study among adults in China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171561. [PMID: 38458472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Ambient ozone (O3) is recognized as a significant air pollutant with implications for cardiorespiratory health, yet the effects of indoor O3 exposure have received less consideration. Furthermore, while sleep occupies one-third of life, research on the health consequences of O3 exposure during this crucial period is scarce. This study aimed to investigate associations of indoor O3 during sleep with cardiorespiratory function and potential predisposing factors. A prospective study among 81 adults was conducted in Beijing, China. Repeated measurements of cardiorespiratory indices reflecting lung function, airway inflammation, cardiac autonomic function, blood pressure, systemic inflammation, platelet and glucose were performed on each subject. Real-time concentrations of indoor O3 during sleep were monitored. Associations of O3 with cardiorespiratory indices were evaluated using linear mixed-effect model. Effect modification by baseline lifestyles (diet, physical activity, sleep-related factors) and psychological status (stress and depression) were investigated through interaction analysis. The average indoor O3 concentration during sleep was 20.3 μg/m3, which was well below current Chinese indoor air quality standard of 160 μg/m3. O3 was associated with most respiratory indicators of decreased airway function except airway inflammation; whereas the cardiovascular effects were only manifested in autonomic dysfunction and not in others. An interquartile range increases in O3 at 6-h average was associated with changes of -3.60 % (95 % CI: -6.19 %, -0.93 %) and -9.60 % (95 % CI: -14.53 %, -4.39 %) in FVC and FEF25-75, respectively. Further, stronger effects were noted among participants with specific dietary patterns, poorer sleep and higher level of depression. This study provides the first general population-based evidence that low-level exposure to indoor O3 during sleep has greater effects on the respiratory system than on the cardiovascular system. Our findings identify the respiratory system as an important target for indoor O3 exposure, and particularly highlight the need for greater awareness of indoor air quality, especially during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyi Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenlou Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wanzhou Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuezhao Ji
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yetong Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Yoda
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Environment and Health, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Kouis P, Galanakis E, Michaelidou E, Kinni P, Michanikou A, Pitsios C, Perez J, Achilleos S, Middleton N, Anagnostopoulou P, Dimitriou H, Revvas E, Stamatelatos G, Zacharatos H, Savvides C, Vasiliadou E, Kalivitis N, Chrysanthou A, Tymvios F, Papatheodorou SI, Koutrakis P, Yiallouros PK. Improved childhood asthma control after exposure reduction interventions for desert dust and anthropogenic air pollution: the MEDEA randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2024:thorax-2023-220877. [PMID: 38388489 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-220877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated particulate matter (PM) concentrations of anthropogenic and/or desert dust origin are associated with increased morbidity among children with asthma. OBJECTIVE The Mitigating the Health Effects of Desert Dust Storms Using Exposure-Reduction Approaches randomised controlled trial assessed the impact of exposure reduction recommendations, including indoor air filtration, on childhood asthma control during high desert dust storms (DDS) season in Cyprus and Greece. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTIONS AND SETTING Primary school children with asthma were randomised into three parallel groups: (a) no intervention (controls); (b) outdoor intervention (early alerts notifications, recommendations to stay indoors and limit outdoor physical activity during DDS) and (c) combined intervention (same as (b) combined with indoor air purification with high efficiency particulate air filters in children's homes and school classrooms. Asthma symptom control was assessed using the childhood Asthma Control Test (c-ACT), spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC)) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). RESULTS In total, 182 children with asthma (age; mean=9.5, SD=1.63) were evaluated during 2019 and 2021. After three follow-up months, the combined intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in c-ACT in comparison to controls (β=2.63, 95% CI 0.72 to 4.54, p=0.007), which was more profound among atopic children (β=3.56, 95% CI 0.04 to 7.07, p=0.047). Similarly, FEV1% predicted (β=4.26, 95% CI 0.54 to 7.99, p=0.025), the need for any asthma medication and unscheduled clinician visits, but not FVC% and FeNO, were significantly improved in the combined intervention compared with controls. CONCLUSION Recommendations to reduce exposure and use of indoor air filtration in areas with high PM pollution may improve symptom control and lung function in children with asthma. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03503812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Kouis
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Paraskevi Kinni
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Antonis Michanikou
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Constantinos Pitsios
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Souzana Achilleos
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Nicos Middleton
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chrysanthos Savvides
- Air Quality and Strategic Planning Section, Department of Labour Inspection, Ministry of Labour, Welfare and Social Insurance, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Emily Vasiliadou
- Air Quality and Strategic Planning Section, Department of Labour Inspection, Ministry of Labour, Welfare and Social Insurance, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nikos Kalivitis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andreas Chrysanthou
- Department of Meteorology, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Filippos Tymvios
- Department of Meteorology, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, Heraklion, Cyprus
| | - Stefania I Papatheodorou
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Ebrahimifakhar A, Poursadegh M, Hu Y, Yuill DP, Luo Y. A systematic review and meta-analysis of field studies of portable air cleaners: Performance, user behavior, and by-product emissions. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168786. [PMID: 38008326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air quality is important for the health of building occupants, and public interest in controlling indoor airborne pathogens increased dramatically with the COVID-19 pandemic. Pollutant concentrations can be controlled locally using portable air cleaners (sometimes called air purifiers), which allow occupants to apply air cleaning technology to meet their needs in the location and times that they find appropriate. This paper provides a systematic review of scientific literature that describes field studies of the effectiveness of portable air cleaners. Over 500 papers were considered, and 148 were reviewed in detail, to extract 35 specific research results (e.g., particulate removal performance) or characteristics (e.g., type of building). These were aggregated to provide an overview of results and approaches to this type of research, and to provide meta-analyses of the results. The review includes: descriptions of the geographical location of the research; rate of publications over time; types of buildings and occupants in the field study; types of air cleaner technology being tested; pollutants being measured; resulting pollutant removal effectiveness; patterns of usage and potential barriers to usage by occupants; and the potential for by-product emissions in some air cleaner technologies. An example result is that 83 of the 148 papers measured reductions in fine particulates (PM2.5) and found a mean reduction of 49 % with standard deviation of 20 %. The aggregated results were approximately normally distributed, ranging from finding no significant reduction up to a maximum above 90 % reduction. Sixteen of the 148 papers considered gaseous pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone; 36 papers considered biological pollutants, such as bacteria, viruses, pollen, fungi, etc. An important challenge, common to several studies, is that occupants run the air cleaners for shorter periods and on low airflow rate settings, because of concerns about noise, drafts, and electricity cost, which significantly reduces air cleaning effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ebrahimifakhar
- Delos Labs, Delos, New York, NY 10014, USA; Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 1110 S. 67th Street, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
| | - Mehrdad Poursadegh
- Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 1110 S. 67th Street, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
| | - Yifeng Hu
- Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 1110 S. 67th Street, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; Buildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - David P Yuill
- Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 1110 S. 67th Street, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Jung CC, Huang CY, Su HJ, Chen NT, Yeh CL. Impact of agricultural activity on PM 2.5 and its compositions in elementary schools near corn and rice farms. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167496. [PMID: 37778567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural activity is an important source of particulate matter <2.5 μm in size (PM2.5) in rural areas. In Taiwan, many elementary schools are surrounded by farms, and studies investigating the impact of agricultural activity on air quality in schools are required. We collected PM2.5 samples from the classrooms of elementary schools near corn and rice farms during the crop cultivation stages and analyzed their concentrations and compositions to investigate whether agricultural activity affects the schools' air quality. We found that the average ratio of PM2.5/PM10 (<10 μm in particle size) was <0.6 in the school near the corn farm, and that the indoor PM2.5/PM10 ratio was significantly associated (r = 0.93, p < 0.05) with the outdoor ratio. Moreover, the potassium (K) concentration in the school near the corn farm (189.2 ± 119 ng/m3) was higher than that near the rice farm (140.9 ± 116.0 ng/m3). There were higher concentrations of K and crustal elements, and a greater crustal elements/heavy metals ratio, in the school near the corn farm during the sowing and soil covering stages than during other cultivation stages. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) results indicate that agricultural activity was a predominant contributor of PM2.5 in the schools near corn and rice farms, however, PM2.5 from industrial and traffic emissions also affected schools' air quality. In summary, agricultural activity influenced the air quality of schools, especially near the corn farm. Governments should develop air quality management policies to reduce the risk of children suffering exposure to high particle concentrations in these schools and further suggest that the impact of industrial and traffic emissions on air quality also requires attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Jung
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yu Huang
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
| | - Huey-Jen Su
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
| | - Nai-Tzu Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Yeh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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5
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He L, Evans S, Norris C, Barkjohn K, Cui X, Li Z, Zhou X, Li F, Zhang Y, Black M, Bergin MH, Zhang J(J. Associations between personal apparent temperature exposures and asthma symptoms in children with asthma. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293603. [PMID: 37956155 PMCID: PMC10642815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient temperature and relative humidity can affect asthma symptoms. Apparent temperature is a measure of temperature perceived by humans that takes into account the effect of humidity. However, the potential link between personal exposures to apparent temperature and asthma symptoms has not been investigated. We conducted a panel study of 37 asthmatic children, aged 5-11 years, during an early spring season (average daily ambient temperature: 14°C, range: 7-18°C). Asthma symptoms were measured 4 times for each participant with a 2-week interval between consecutive measurements using the Childhood Asthma-Control Test (C-ACT). Average, minimum, and maximum personal apparent temperature exposures, apparent temperature exposure variability (TV), and average ambient temperature were calculated for the 12 hours, 24 hours, week, and 2 weeks prior to each visit. We found that a 10°C lower in 1-week and 2-week average & minimum personal apparent temperature exposures, TV, and average ambient temperature exposures were significantly associated with lower total C-ACT scores by up to 2.2, 1.4, 3.3, and 1.4 points, respectively, indicating worsened asthma symptoms. Our results support that personal apparent temperature exposure is potentially a stronger driver than ambient temperature exposures for the variability in asthma symptom scores. Maintaining a proper personal apparent temperature exposure could be an effective strategy for personalized asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Department of Community and Population Health, College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shoshana Evans
- Department of Community and Population Health, College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christina Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karoline Barkjohn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxing Cui
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Marilyn Black
- Underwriters Laboratories, Inc, Marietta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Michael H. Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Junfeng (Jim) Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
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Novak R, Robinson JA, Frantzidis C, Sejdullahu I, Persico MG, Kontić D, Sarigiannis D, Kocman D. Integrated assessment of personal monitor applications for evaluating exposure to urban stressors: A scoping review. Environ Res 2023; 226:115685. [PMID: 36921791 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urban stressors pose a health risk, and individual-level assessments provide necessary and fine-grained insight into exposure. An ever-increasing amount of research literature on individual-level exposure to urban stressors using data collected with personal monitors, has called for an integrated assessment approach to identify trends, gaps and needs, and provide recommendations for future research. To this end, a scoping review of the respective literature was performed, as part of the H2020 URBANOME project. Moreover, three specific aims were identified: (i) determine current state of research, (ii) analyse literature according with a waterfall methodological framework and identify gaps and needs, and (iii) provide recommendations for more integrated, inclusive and robust approaches. Knowledge and gaps were extracted based on a systematic approach, e.g., data extraction questionnaires, as well as through the expertise of the researchers performing the review. The findings were assessed through a waterfall methodology of delineating projects into four phases. Studies described in the papers vary in their scope, with most assessing exposure in a single macro domain, though a trend of moving towards multi-domain assessment is evident. Simultaneous measurements of multiple stressors are not common, and papers predominantly assess exposure to air pollution. As urban environments become more diverse, stakeholders from different groups are included in the study designs. Most frequently (per the quadruple helix model), civil society/NGO groups are involved, followed by government and policymakers, while business or private sector stakeholders are less frequently represented. Participants in general function as data collectors and are rarely involved in other phases of the research. While more active involvement is not necessary, more collaborative approaches show higher engagement and motivation of participants to alter their lifestyles based on the research results. The identified trends, gaps and needs can aid future exposure research and provide recommendations on addressing different urban communities and stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Novak
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Johanna Amalia Robinson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Center for Research and Development, Slovenian Institute for Adult Education, Ulica Ambrožiča Novljana 5, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christos Frantzidis
- Biomedical Engineering & Aerospace Neuroscience (BEAN), Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Greek Aerospace Medical Association and Space Research (GASMA-SR), Greece
| | - Iliriana Sejdullahu
- Ambiente Italia Società a Responsabilità Limitata, Department of Adaptation and Resilience, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Giovanni Persico
- Urban Resilience Department, City of Milan, Italy; Postgraduate School of Health Statistics and Biometrics, Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davor Kontić
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre for Participatory Research, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dimosthenis Sarigiannis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; HERACLES Research Centre on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Science, Technology and Society, University School of Advanced Study IUSS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - David Kocman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Su HJ, Jung CC, Wang JH, Chen NT, Chang WH. Estimations of infiltration factors of diurnal PM 2.5 and heavy metals in children's bedrooms. Indoor Air 2022; 32:e13037. [PMID: 35622721 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Children are the sensitive population to fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) exposure and spend most of their time in bedroom. Infiltration factor (Finf ) can be used to calculate the fraction of total indoor PM2.5 with outdoor origin to increase the accuracy of exposure assessment. However, studies have ignored the diurnal variations of PM2.5 Finf values, and a few studies have estimated Finf values for heavy metals in PM2.5 in children's bedrooms. To calculate the PM2.5 Finf , real-time indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and occupants' activities were collected in 56 study bedrooms. At 22 of the 56 study bedrooms, PM2.5 samples were also collected for heavy metals analysis. We noted the PM2.5 Finf was higher during the daytime (0.70 ± 0.23) than nighttime (0.54 ± 0.27) during the hot season, and the time of air conditioner use was longer at nighttime. The largest Finf value of heavy metal was V (0.88 ± 0.25), followed by Pb (0.85 ± 0.28), Mn (0.72 ± 0.26), Cr (0.69 ± 0.35), and Zn (0.61 ± 0.32), with a larger variation. Our findings suggest that the estimations of diurnal PM2.5 and heavy metals Finf values are necessary to increase the accuracy of exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jen Su
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Jung
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsin Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Tzu Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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He L, Norris C, Cui X, Li Z, Barkjohn KK, Teng Y, Fang L, Lin L, Wang Q, Zhou X, Hong J, Li F, Zhang Y, Schauer JJ, Black M, Bergin MH, Zhang JJ. Oral cavity response to air pollutant exposure and association with pulmonary inflammation and symptoms in asthmatic children. Environ Res 2022; 206:112275. [PMID: 34710437 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) may lead to inflammation and oxidative damage in the oral cavity, which is hypothesized to contribute to the worsening of airway inflammation and asthma symptoms. In this panel study of 43 asthmatic children aged 5-13 years old, each child had 4 clinic visits with a 2-week interval between two consecutive visits. At each visit, saliva samples were collected and subsequently analyzed for interleukin 6 (IL-6) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) as biomarkers of inflammation and malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of oxidative stress in the oral cavity. At each visit, children were measured for fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as a marker of pulmonary inflammation. Asthma symptoms of these children were measured using the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT). We found that an interquartile range (IQR) increase in 24-h average personal exposure to PM2.5 measured 1 and 2 days prior was associated with increased salivary IL-6 concentration by 3.0% (95%CI: 0.2%-6.0%) and 4.2% (0.7%-8.0%), respectively. However, we did not find a clear association between personal O3 exposure and any of the salivary biomarkers, except for a negative association between salivary MDA and O3 exposure measured 1 day prior. An IQR increase in salivary IL-6 concentration was associated with significantly increased FeNO by 28.8% (4.3%-53.4%). In addition, we found that increasing salivary IL-6 concentrations were associated with decreased individual and total C-ACT scores, indicating the worsening of asthma symptoms. We estimated that 13.2%-22.2% of the associations of PM2.5 exposure measured 1 day prior with FeNO and C-ACT scores were mediated by salivary IL-6. These findings suggest that the induction of inflammation in the oral cavity may have played a role in linking air pollution exposure with the worsening of airway inflammation and asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Christina Norris
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Xiaoxing Cui
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Karoline K Barkjohn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Yanbo Teng
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Lili Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianguo Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China.
| | - James J Schauer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | | | - Michael H Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Kitagawa YKL, Kumar P, Galvão ES, Santos JM, Reis NC, Nascimento EGS, Moreira DM. Exposure and dose assessment of school children to air pollutants in a tropical coastal-urban area. Sci Total Environ 2022; 803:149747. [PMID: 34487895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study estimates exposure and inhaled dose to air pollutants of children residing in a tropical coastal-urban area in Southeast Brazil. For that, twenty-one children filled their time-activities diaries and wore the passive samplers to monitor NO2. The personal exposure was also estimated using data provided by the combination of WRF-Urban/GEOS-Chem/CMAQ models, and the nearby monitoring station. Indoor/outdoor ratios were used to consider the amount of time spent indoors by children in homes and schools. The model's performance was assessed by comparing the modelled data with concentrations measured by urban monitoring stations. A sensitivity analyses was also performed to evaluate the impact of the model's height on the air pollutant concentrations. The results showed that the mean children's personal exposure to NO2 predicted by the model (22.3 μg/m3) was nearly twice to those measured by the passive samplers (12.3 μg/m3). In contrast, the nearest urban monitoring station did not represent the personal exposure to NO2 (9.3 μg/m3), suggesting a bias in the quantification of previous epidemiological studies. The building effect parameterisation (BEP) together with the lowering of the model height enhanced the air pollutant concentrations and the exposure of children to air pollutants. With the use of the CMAQ model, exposure to O3, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 was also estimated and revealed that the daily children's personal exposure was 13.4, 38.9, 32.9, and 9.6 μg/m3, respectively. Meanwhile, the potential inhalation daily dose was 570-667 μg for PM2.5, 684-789 μg for PM10, and 163-194 μg for PM1, showing to be favourable to cause adverse health effects. The exposure of children to air pollutants estimated by the numerical model in this work was comparable to other studies found in the literature, showing one of the advantages of using the modelling approach since some air pollutants are poorly spatially represented and/or are not routinely monitored by environmental agencies in many regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Kaore Lago Kitagawa
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; Centro Integrado de Manufatura e Tecnologia (SENAI CIMATEC), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Elson Silva Galvão
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jane Meri Santos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Neyval Costa Reis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Davidson Martins Moreira
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil; Centro Integrado de Manufatura e Tecnologia (SENAI CIMATEC), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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LaKind JS, Burns CJ, Pottenger LH, Naiman DQ, Goodman JE, Marchitti SA. Does ozone inhalation cause adverse metabolic effects in humans? A systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:467-508. [PMID: 34569909 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1965086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We utilized a practical, transparent approach for systematically reviewing a chemical-specific evidence base. This approach was used for a case study of ozone inhalation exposure and adverse metabolic effects (overweight/obesity, Type 1 diabetes [T1D], Type 2 diabetes [T2D], and metabolic syndrome). We followed the basic principles of systematic review. Studies were defined as "Suitable" or "Supplemental." The evidence for Suitable studies was characterized as strong or weak. An overall causality judgment for each outcome was then determined as either causal, suggestive, insufficient, or not likely. Fifteen epidemiologic and 33 toxicologic studies were Suitable for evidence synthesis. The strength of the human evidence was weak for all outcomes. The toxicologic evidence was weak for all outcomes except two: body weight, and impaired glucose tolerance/homeostasis and fasting/baseline hyperglycemia. The combined epidemiologic and toxicologic evidence was categorized as weak for overweight/obesity, T1D, and metabolic syndrome,. The association between ozone exposure and T2D was determined to be insufficient or suggestive. The streamlined approach described in this paper is transparent and focuses on key elements. As systematic review guidelines are becoming increasingly complex, it is worth exploring the extent to which related health outcomes should be combined or kept distinct, and the merits of focusing on critical elements to select studies suitable for causal inference. We recommend that systematic review results be used to target discussions around specific research needs for advancing causal determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy S LaKind
- LaKind Associates, LLC, Catonsville, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carol J Burns
- Burns Epidemiology Consulting, LLC, Sanford, MI, USA
| | | | - Daniel Q Naiman
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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He L, Norris C, Cui X, Li Z, Barkjohn KK, Teng Y, Fang L, Lin L, Wang Q, Zhou X, Hong J, Li F, Zhang Y, Schauer JJ, Black M, Bergin MH, Zhang JJ. Role of endogenous melatonin in pathophysiologic and oxidative stress responses to personal air pollutant exposures in asthmatic children. Sci Total Environ 2021; 773:145709. [PMID: 33940766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heightening oxidative stress and inflammation is an important pathophysiological mechanism underlying air pollution health effects in people with asthma. Melatonin can suppress oxidative stress and inflammation in pulmonary and circulatory systems. However, the role of melatonin in the oxidative stress and physiological responses to air pollution exposure has not been examined in children with asthma. METHODS In this panel study of 43 asthmatic children (5-13 years old), each child had 4 clinic visits with a 2-week interval between two consecutive visits. At each visit, urine samples were collected and subsequently analyzed for 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) as a surrogate of circulating melatonin and for malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as two biomarkers of systemic oxidative stress. At each clinic visit, children were measured for pulmonary function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO, a marker of pulmonary inflammation). None of the children reported to have taking melatonin supplementation. Concentrations of indoor and ambient PM2.5 and ozone (O3) were combined with individual time-activity data to calculate personal air pollutant exposures. RESULTS We found that interquartile range increases in urinary MDA and 8-OHdG concentrations were associated with significantly increased urinary aMT6s concentrations by 73.4% (95% CI: 52.6% to 97.0%) and 41.7% (22.8% to 63.4%), respectively. Increases in daily personal exposure to O3 and to PM2.5 were each associated with increased urinary aMT6s concentrations. Increasing urinary aMT6s concentrations were associated with decreased FeNO and resonant frequency, indicating improved airway inflammation and lung elasticity, respectively. CONCLUSION The results suggest that systemic oxidative stress heightened by air pollution exposure may stimulate melatonin excretion as a defense mechanism to alleviate the adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christina Norris
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoxing Cui
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Karoline K Barkjohn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yanbo Teng
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - James J Schauer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Michael H Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China.
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He L, Norris C, Cui X, Li Z, Barkjohn KK, Brehmer C, Teng Y, Fang L, Lin L, Wang Q, Zhou X, Hong J, Li F, Zhang Y, Schauer JJ, Black M, Bergin MH, Zhang JJ. Personal Exposure to PM 2.5 Oxidative Potential in Association with Pulmonary Pathophysiologic Outcomes in Children with Asthma. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:3101-3111. [PMID: 33555874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with a higher oxidative potential has been thought to be more detrimental to pulmonary health. We aim to investigate the associations between personal exposure to PM2.5 oxidative potential and pulmonary outcomes in asthmatic children. We measured each of the 43 asthmatic children 4 times for airway mechanics, lung function, airway inflammation, and asthma symptom scores. Coupling measured indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM2.5 mass, constituents, and oxidative potential with individual time-activity data, we calculated 24 h average personal exposures 0-3 days prior to a health outcome measurement. We found that increases in daily personal exposure to PM2.5 oxidative potential were significantly associated with increased small, large, and total airway resistance, increased airway impedance, decreased lung function, and worsened scores of individual asthma symptoms and the total symptom score. Among the PM2.5 constituents, organic matters largely of indoor origin contributed the greatest to PM2.5 oxidative potential. Given that the variability in PM2.5 oxidative potential was a stronger driver than PM2.5 mass for the variability in the respiratory health outcomes, it is suggested to reduce PM2.5 oxidative potential, particularly by reducing the organic matter constituent of indoor PM2.5, as a targeted source control strategy in asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Christina Norris
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Xiaoxing Cui
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Karoline K Barkjohn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Collin Brehmer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,United States
| | - Yanbo Teng
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province 215316, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - James J Schauer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,United States
| | - Marilyn Black
- Underwriters Laboratories, Inc, Marietta, Georgia 30067, United States
| | - Michael H Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province 215316, People's Republic of China
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