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Xue J, Liu D, Li D, Hong T, Li C, Zhu Z, Sun Y, Gao X, Guo L, Shen X, Ma P, Zheng Q. New Carbon Materials for Multifunctional Soft Electronics. Adv Mater 2024:e2312596. [PMID: 38490737 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Soft electronics are garnering significant attention due to their wide-ranging applications in artificial skin, health monitoring, human-machine interaction, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things. Various soft physical sensors such as mechanical sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors are the fundamental building blocks for soft electronics. While the fast growth and widespread utilization of electronic devices have elevated life quality, the consequential electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radiation pose potential threats to device precision and human health. Another substantial concern pertains to overheating issues that occur during prolonged operation. Therefore, the design of multifunctional soft electronics exhibiting excellent capabilities in sensing, EMI shielding, and thermal management is of paramount importance. Because of the prominent advantages in chemical stability, electrical and thermal conductivity, and easy functionalization, new carbon materials including carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, graphdiyne, and sustainable natural-biomass-derived carbon are particularly promising candidates for multifunctional soft electronics. This review summarizes the latest advancements in multifunctional soft electronics based on new carbon materials across a range of performance aspects, mainly focusing on the structure or composite design, and fabrication method on the physical signals monitoring, EMI shielding, and thermal management. Furthermore, the device integration strategies and corresponding intriguing applications are highlighted. Finally, this review presents prospects aimed at overcoming current barriers and advancing the development of state-of-the-art multifunctional soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xue
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Da Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Tianzeng Hong
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Chuanbing Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Zifu Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Xiaobo Gao
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- The Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Qingbin Zheng
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
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2
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Chen Z, Qu C, Yao J, Zhang Y, Xu Y. Two-Stage Micropyramids Enhanced Flexible Piezoresistive Sensor for Health Monitoring and Human-Computer Interaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:7640-7649. [PMID: 38303602 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
High-performance flexible piezoresistive sensors are becoming increasingly essential in various novel applications such as health monitoring, soft robotics, and human-computer interaction. The evolution of the interfacial contact morphology determines the sensing properties of piezoresistive devices. The introduction of microstructures enriches the interfacial contact morphology and effectively boosts the sensitivity; however, the limited compressibility of conventional microstructures leads to rapid saturation of the sensitivity in the low-pressure range, which hinders their application. Herein, we present a flexible piezoresistive sensor featuring a two-stage micropyramid array structure, which effectively enhances the sensitivity while widening the sensing range. Owing to the synergistic enhancement effect resulting from the sequential contact of micropyramids of various heights, the devices demonstrate remarkable performance, including boosting sensitivity (30.8 kPa-1) over a wide sensing range (up to 200 kPa), a fast response/recovery time (75/50 ms), and an ultralong durability of 15,000 loading-unloading cycles. As a proof of concept, the sensor is applied to detect human physiological and motion signals, further demonstrating a real-time spatial pressure distribution sensing system and a game control system, showing great potential for applications in health monitoring and human-computer interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Changming Qu
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingjing Yao
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanlong Zhang
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Stretchable and Flexible Information Technology, Beijing 100083, China
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Chen Y, Lu D, Xing H, Ding H, Luo J, Liu H, Kong X, Xu F. Recent Progress in MEMS Fiber-Optic Fabry-Perot Pressure Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1079. [PMID: 38400236 PMCID: PMC10893101 DOI: 10.3390/s24041079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Pressure sensing plays an important role in many industrial fields; conventional electronic pressure sensors struggle to survive in the harsh environment. Recently microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fiber-optic Fabry-Perot (FP) pressure sensors have attracted great interest. Here we review the basic principles of MEMS fiber-optic FP pressure sensors and then discuss the sensors based on different materials and their industrial applications. We also introduce recent progress, such as two-photon polymerization-based 3D printing technology, and the state-of-the-art in this field, e.g., sapphire-based sensors that work up to 1200 °C. Finally, we discuss the limitations and opportunities for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China;
| | - Dongqin Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huan Xing
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haotian Ding
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Junxian Luo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiangxu Kong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fei Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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4
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Zhu H, Luo H, Cai M, Song J. A Multifunctional Flexible Tactile Sensor Based on Resistive Effect for Simultaneous Sensing of Pressure and Temperature. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2307693. [PMID: 38152952 PMCID: PMC10853712 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Flexible tactile sensors with multifunctional sensing functions have attracted much attention due to their wide applications in artificial limbs, intelligent robots, human-machine interfaces, and health monitoring devices. Here, a multifunctional flexible tactile sensor based on resistive effect for simultaneous sensing of pressure and temperature is reported. The sensor features a simple design with patterned metal film on a soft substrate with cavities and protrusions. The decoupling of pressure and temperature sensing is achieved by the reasonable arrangement of metal layers in the patterned metal film. Systematically experimental and numerical studies are carried out to reveal the multifunctional sensing mechanism and show that the proposed sensor exhibits good linearity, fast response, high stability, good mechanical flexibility, and good microfabrication compatibility. Demonstrations of the multifunctional flexible tactile sensor to monitor touch, breathing, pulse and objects grabbing/releasing in various application scenarios involving coupled temperature/pressure stimuli illustrate its excellent capability of measuring pressure and temperature simultaneously. These results offer an effective tool for multifunctional sensing of pressure and temperature and create engineering opportunities for applications of wearable health monitoring and human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Zhu
- Department of Engineering MechanicsSoft Matter Research Centerand Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Hongyu Luo
- Department of Engineering MechanicsSoft Matter Research Centerand Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Engineering MechanicsSoft Matter Research Centerand Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Jizhou Song
- Department of Engineering MechanicsSoft Matter Research Centerand Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310003China
- The State Key Lab of Brain‐Machine IntelligenceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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5
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Wang YF, Yoshida J, Takeda Y, Yoshida A, Kaneko T, Sekine T, Kumaki D, Tokito S. Printed Composite Film with Microporous/Micropyramid Hybrid Conductive Architecture for Multifunctional Flexible Force Sensors. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 14:63. [PMID: 38202518 PMCID: PMC10781003 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Porous structures and micropatterning surfaces play a crucial role in the development of highly sensitive force sensors. However, achieving these two conductive architectures typically requires the synthesis of complex materials and expensive manufacturing processes. In this study, we introduce a novel conductive composite film featuring a microporous/micropyramid hybrid conductive architecture, which is achieved through a straightforward process of materials mixing and one-step screen printing. By utilizing a deep eutectic solvent in the ink component, micropores are induced in the printed composite, while the mesh of the screen mask acts as a template, resulting in a micropyramid film surface. We have successfully realized highly sensitive flexible force sensors (0.15 kPa-1) with multifunctional capabilities for perceiving normal force and shear force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Wang
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan; (J.Y.); (Y.T.); (A.Y.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (D.K.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shizuo Tokito
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan; (J.Y.); (Y.T.); (A.Y.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (D.K.)
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6
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Chen R, Luo T, Wang J, Wang R, Zhang C, Xie Y, Qin L, Yao H, Zhou W. Nonlinearity synergy: An elegant strategy for realizing high-sensitivity and wide-linear-range pressure sensing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6641. [PMID: 37863948 PMCID: PMC10589270 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors are indispensable components in various applications such as intelligent robots and wearable devices, whereas developing flexible pressure sensors with both high sensitivity and wide linear range remains a great challenge. Here, we present an elegant strategy to address this challenge by taking advantage of a pyramidal carbon foam array as the sensing layer and an elastomer spacer as the stiffness regulator, realizing an unprecedentedly high sensitivity of 24.6 kPa-1 and an ultra-wide linear range of 1.4 MPa together. Such a wide range of linearity is attributed to the synergy between the nonlinear piezoresistivity of the sensing layer and the nonlinear elasticity of the stiffness regulator. The great application potential of our sensor in robotic manipulation, healthcare monitoring, and human-machine interface is demonstrated. Our design strategy can be extended to the other types of flexible sensors calling for both high sensitivity and wide-range linearity, facilitating the development of high-performance flexible pressure sensors for intelligent robotics and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Renpeng Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lifeng Qin
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Haimin Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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7
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Wu S, Yang C, Hu J, Pan M, Meng W, Liu Y, Li P, Peng J, Zhang Q, Chen P, Wang H. Normal-Direction Graded Hemispheres for Ionic Flexible Sensors with a Record-High Linearity in a Wide Working Range. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:47733-47744. [PMID: 37782111 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors developed rapidly with increased sensitivity, a fast response time, high stability, and excellent deformability. These progresses have expanded the application of wearable electronics under high-pressure backgrounds while also bringing new challenges. In particular, the nonlinearity and narrow working range lead to a gradually insensitive response, principally because the microstructure deforms inconsistently on the device interfaces in the whole working range. Herein, we report an ionic flexible sensor with a record-high linearity (R2 = 0.99994) in a wide working range (up to 600 kPa). The linearity response comes from the normal-direction graded hemisphere (GH) microstructure. It is prepared from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/Au into flexible and deformable electrodes, and its geometry is precisely designed from the linear elastic theory and optimized through finite element simulation. The sensor can achieve a high sensitivity of S = 165.5 kPa-1, a response-relaxation time of <30 ms, and superb consistency, allowing the device to detect vibration signals. Our sensor has been assembled with circuits and capsulation in order to monitor the function state of players in underwater sports in the frequency domain. This work deepens the theory of linearized design of microstructures and provides a strategy to make flexible pressure sensors that have combined the performances of ultrahigh linearity, high sensitivity, and a wide working range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Chengxiu Yang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jiafei Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Mengchun Pan
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Weize Meng
- State Key Laboratory of CEMEE, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Peisen Li
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Junping Peng
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Pengteng Chen
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Haomiao Wang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
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8
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Zhang Z, Liu G, Li Z, Zhang W, Meng Q. Flexible tactile sensors with biomimetic microstructures: Mechanisms, fabrication, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 320:102988. [PMID: 37690330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible devices have gained rapid development with great potential in daily life. As the core component of wearable devices, flexible tactile sensors are prized for their excellent properties such as lightweight, stretchable and foldable. Consequently, numerous high-performance sensors have been developed, along with an array of innovative fabrication processes. It has been recognized that the improvement of the single performance index for flexible tactile sensors is not enough for practical sensing applications. Therefore, balancing and optimization of overall performance of the sensor are extensively anticipated. Furthermore, new functional characteristics are required for practical applications, such as freeze resistance, corrosion resistance, self-cleaning, and degradability. From a bionic perspective, the overall performance of a sensor can be optimized by constructing bionic microstructures which can deliver additional functional features. This review briefly summarizes the latest developments in bionic microstructures for different types of tactile sensors and critically analyzes the sensing performance of fabricated flexible tactile sensors. Based on this, the application prospects of bionic microstructure-based tactile sensors in human detection and human-machine interaction devices are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqing Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Functional Printing and Transport Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Paper-based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Functional Printing and Transport Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Paper-based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijian Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Functional Printing and Transport Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Paper-based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Functional Printing and Transport Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Paper-based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjun Meng
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Functional Printing and Transport Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Paper-based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
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9
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Huang Z, Li L, Yin T, Brown KA, Wang Y. Rational Structural Design of Polymer Pens for Energy-Efficient Photoactuation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3595. [PMID: 37688221 PMCID: PMC10490353 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoactuated pens have emerged as promising tools for expedient, mask-free, and versatile nanomanufacturing. However, the challenge of effectively controlling individual pens in large arrays for high-throughput patterning has been a significant hurdle. In this study, we introduce novel generations of photoactuated pens and explore the impact of pen architecture on photoactuation efficiency and crosstalk through simulations and experiments. By introducing a thermal insulating layer and incorporating an air ap in the architecture design, we have achieved the separation of pens into independent units. This new design allowed for improved control over the actuation behavior of individual pens, markedly reducing the influence of neighboring pens. The results of our research suggest novel applications of photoactive composite films as advanced actuators across diverse fields, including lithography, adaptive optics, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Taishan Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Keith A. Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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10
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Zhu B, Xu Z, Liu X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Teh KS, Zheng J, Du X, Wu D. High-Linearity Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on the Gaussian-Curve-Shaped Microstructure for Human Physiological Signal Monitoring. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3127-3135. [PMID: 37471516 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors with high-performance show broad application prospects in health monitoring, wearable electronic devices, intelligent robot sensing, and other fields. Although flexible pressure sensors have made significant progress in sensitivity and detection range, most of them still exhibit strong nonlinearity, which leads to significant troubles in signal acquisition and thus limits their popularity in practical applications. It remains a serious challenge for the flexible pressure sensor to achieve high linearity while maintaining high sensitivity. Herein, a doped sensing membrane with a uniformly distributed Gaussian-curve-shaped micropattern array was developed using the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) process, and a flexible sensor structure with the doped film as the core was designed and constructed. The prototype sensor has a high sensitivity of 1.77 kPa-1 and a linearity of 0.99 in the full detection range of 20 Pa to 30 kPa. In addition, its excellent performance also includes fast response/recovery times (∼25/50 ms) and long-term endurance (>10,000 cycles at 15 kPa). The prototype sensor has been successfully demonstrated in human pulse monitoring, speech recognition, and gesture recognition. The 2 × 6 sensor array can detect the spatial pressure distribution. Thus, such a microstructure shape design will open a new way to fabricate a high-linearity pressure sensor for potential applications in health monitoring, human-machine interaction, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenjin Xu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhongbao Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qinnan Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kwok Siong Teh
- School of Engineering, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132, United States
| | - Jianyi Zheng
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Sensor and network control center, Instrumentation Technology and Economy Institute, Beijing 100055, China
| | - Dezhi Wu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Seesaard T, Wongchoosuk C. Flexible and Stretchable Pressure Sensors: From Basic Principles to State-of-the-Art Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1638. [PMID: 37630177 PMCID: PMC10456594 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable electronics have emerged as highly promising technologies for the next generation of electronic devices. These advancements offer numerous advantages, such as flexibility, biocompatibility, bio-integrated circuits, and light weight, enabling new possibilities in diverse applications, including e-textiles, smart lenses, healthcare technologies, smart manufacturing, consumer electronics, and smart wearable devices. In recent years, significant attention has been devoted to flexible and stretchable pressure sensors due to their potential integration with medical and healthcare devices for monitoring human activity and biological signals, such as heartbeat, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, and muscle activity. This review comprehensively covers all aspects of recent developments in flexible and stretchable pressure sensors. It encompasses fundamental principles, force/pressure-sensitive materials, fabrication techniques for low-cost and high-performance pressure sensors, investigations of sensing mechanisms (piezoresistivity, capacitance, piezoelectricity), and state-of-the-art applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thara Seesaard
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University, Kanchanaburi 71190, Thailand;
| | - Chatchawal Wongchoosuk
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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