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Wei H, Zhang Y, Jia Y, Chen X, Niu T, Chatterjee A, He P, Hou G. Heat shock protein 90: biological functions, diseases, and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e470. [PMID: 38283176 PMCID: PMC10811298 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a predominant member among Heat shock proteins (HSPs), playing a central role in cellular protection and maintenance by aiding in the folding, stabilization, and modification of diverse protein substrates. It collaborates with various co-chaperones to manage ATPase-driven conformational changes in its dimer during client protein processing. Hsp90 is critical in cellular function, supporting the proper operation of numerous proteins, many of which are linked to diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, neurodegenerative conditions, and infectious diseases. Recognizing the significance of these client proteins across diverse diseases, there is a growing interest in targeting Hsp90 and its co-chaperones for potential therapeutic strategies. This review described biological background of HSPs and the structural characteristics of HSP90. Additionally, it discusses the regulatory role of heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) in modulating HSP90 and sheds light on the dynamic chaperone cycle of HSP90. Furthermore, the review discusses the specific contributions of HSP90 in various disease contexts, especially in cancer. It also summarizes HSP90 inhibitors for cancer treatment, offering a thoughtful analysis of their strengths and limitations. These advancements in research expand our understanding of HSP90 and open up new avenues for considering HSP90 as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yilin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xunan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Tengda Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of PathologyDunedin School of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Pengxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Guiqin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Department of PathologyDunedin School of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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Sun C, Pan Q, Du M, Zheng J, Bai M, Sun W. Decoding the roles of heat shock proteins in liver cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 75:81-92. [PMID: 38182465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies, characterized by insidious onset and high propensity for metastasis and recurrence. Apart from surgical resection, there are no effective curative methods for HCC in recent years, due to resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Heat shock proteins (HSP) play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and normal organism development as molecular chaperones for intracellular proteins. Both basic research and clinical data have shown that HSPs are crucial participants in the HCC microenvironment, as well as the occurrence, development, metastasis, and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in various malignancies, particularly liver cancer. This review aims to discuss the molecular mechanisms and potential clinical value of HSPs in HCC, which may provide new insights for HSP-based therapeutic interventions for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Mingyang Du
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jiahe Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Chen L, Nabil A, Fujisawa N, Oe E, Li K, Ebara M. A facile, flexible, and multifunctional thermo-chemotherapy system for customized treatment of drug-resistant breast cancer. J Control Release 2023; 363:550-561. [PMID: 37804880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drug resistance invariably emerges and poses a significant barrier to curative therapy for various breast cancers. This results in a lack of satisfactory therapeutic medicine for cancer treatment. Herein, a universal vector system for drug-resistance breast cancer was designed to meet the needs of reversed multidrug resistance, thermo-chemotherapy, and long-term drug release behavior. The vector system comprises polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber mesh and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). PCL has excellent biocompatibility and electrospinning performance. In this study, MNPs were tailored to be thermogenic in response to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). PCL nanofiber can deliver various chemotherapy drugs, and suitable MNPs encapsulated in the nanofiber can generate hyperthermia and synergistic effect with those chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, a more personalized treatment system can be developed for different breast malignancies. In addition, the PCL nanofiber mesh (NFM) enables sustained release of the drugs for up two months, avoiding the burden on patients caused by repeated administration. Through model drugs doxorubicin (DOX) and chemosensitizers curcumin (CUR), we systematically verified the therapeutic effect of DOX-resistance breast cancer and inhibition of tumor generation in vivo. These findings represent a multifaceted platform of importance for validating strategic reversed MDR in pursuit of promoted thermo-chemotherapeutic outcomes. More importantly, the low cost and excellent safety and efficacy of this nanofiber mesh demonstrate that this can be customized multi-function vector system may be a promising candidate for refractory cancer therapy in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Ahmed Nabil
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Nanami Fujisawa
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Emiho Oe
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Kai Li
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan; Ph.D. Program in Humanics, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan; Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.
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Wang W, Li M, Wang L, Chen L, Goh BC. Curcumin in cancer therapy: Exploring molecular mechanisms and overcoming clinical challenges. Cancer Lett 2023; 570:216332. [PMID: 37541540 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer poses a significant global health burden, necessitating the widespread use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy as conventional frontline interventions. Although targeted therapy and immunotherapy have shown remarkable advancements, the challenges of resistance development and severe side effects persist in cancer treatment. Consequently, researchers have actively sought more effective alternatives with improved safety profiles. In recent years, curcumin, a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin, has garnered considerable attention due to its broad spectrum of biological effects. This concise review provides valuable insights into the role of curcumin in cancer therapy, with a focus on elucidating its molecular mechanisms in inducing programmed cell death of tumor cells and suppressing tumor cell metastasis potential. Additionally, we discuss the challenges associated with the clinical application of curcumin and explore current endeavors aimed at overcoming these limitations. By shedding light on the promising potential of curcumin, this review contributes to the advancement of cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mingqin Li
- Department of Medical Cardiology, Zhongxiang TCM Hospital of Hubei, Zhongxiang, 431900, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University of Singapore, 119074, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Boon-Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University of Singapore, 119074, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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Karimi K, Mojtabavi S, Tehrany PM, Nejad MM, Rezaee A, Mohtashamian S, Hamedi E, Yousefi F, Salmani F, Zandieh MA, Nabavi N, Rabiee N, Ertas YN, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Rahmanian P, Hushmandi K, Yu W. Chitosan-based nanoscale delivery systems in hepatocellular carcinoma: Versatile bio-platform with theranostic application. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124935. [PMID: 37230442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The field of nanomedicine has provided a fresh approach to cancer treatment by addressing the limitations of current therapies and offering new perspectives on enhancing patients' prognoses and chances of survival. Chitosan (CS) is isolated from chitin that has been extensively utilized for surface modification and coating of nanocarriers to improve their biocompatibility, cytotoxicity against tumor cells, and stability. HCC is a prevalent kind of liver tumor that cannot be adequately treated with surgical resection in its advanced stages. Furthermore, the development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy has caused treatment failure. The targeted delivery of drugs and genes can be mediated by nanostructures in treatment of HCC. The current review focuses on the function of CS-based nanostructures in HCC therapy and discusses the newest advances of nanoparticle-mediated treatment of HCC. Nanostructures based on CS have the capacity to escalate the pharmacokinetic profile of both natural and synthetic drugs, thus improving the effectiveness of HCC therapy. Some experiments have displayed that CS nanoparticles can be deployed to co-deliver drugs to disrupt tumorigenesis in a synergistic way. Moreover, the cationic nature of CS makes it a favorable nanocarrier for delivery of genes and plasmids. The use of CS-based nanostructures can be harnessed for phototherapy. Additionally, the incur poration of ligands including arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) into CS can elevate the targeted delivery of drugs to HCC cells. Interestingly, smart CS-based nanostructures, including ROS- and pH-sensitive nanoparticles, have been designed to provide cargo release at the tumor site and enhance the potential for HCC suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Karimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Mojtabavi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Melina Maghsodlou Nejad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Rezaee
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Mohtashamian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Hamedi
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health & Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farnaz Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Salmani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Parham Rahmanian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
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Zhou X, Zheng L, Zeng C, Wu Y, Tang X, Zhu Y, Tang S. MiR-302c-5p affects the stemness and cisplatin resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by regulating HSP90AA1. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:135-143. [PMID: 36539366 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most frequent malignant tumors diagnosed in China. Cisplatin is one of the most commonly used anticancer drugs containing platinum in combined chemotherapy. The molecular mechanism of NPC is still largely unknown, and we aim to spare no effort to elucidate it. Normal human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells and NPC cell lines were cultured. The expression levels of miR-302c-5p and HSP90AA1 were detected with quantitative real-time PCR. Western blotting was used to analyze levels of the HSP90AA1, protein kinase B (AKT), p-AKT, CD44 and SOX2 proteins. The interaction between miR-302c-5p and HSP90AA1 was detected using a luciferase reporter assay. The bicinchoninic acid assay was used to observe cisplatin resistance in NPC cells. Our records confirmed that the expression of miR-302c-5p was substantially reduced and HSP90AA1 was increased in NPC cells. Additionally, miR-302c-5p inhibited cisplatin resistance and the traits of stem cells in NPC. A luciferase assay confirmed that miR-302c-5p is bound to HSP90AA1. Overexpression of HSP90AA1 may reverse the effects of overexpressed miR-302c-5p and inhibit cisplatin resistance and stem cell traits of NPC. This study investigated whether miR-302c-5p inhibited the AKT pathway by regulating HSP90AA1 expression and altered the resistance of NPC cells to cisplatin and the traits of tumor stem cells, which has not yet been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang
| | - Le Zheng
- Oncology Department, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde
| | - Chunya Zeng
- Oncology Department, The Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha
| | - Yangjie Wu
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang
| | - Xiyang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Yuan Zhu
- People's Hospital of Changshou Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Sanyuan Tang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang
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Peng C, Zhao F, Li H, Li L, Yang Y, Liu F. HSP90 mediates the connection of multiple programmed cell death in diseases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:929. [PMID: 36335088 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP) 90, an important component of the molecular chaperone network, is closely concerned with cellular signaling pathways and stress response by participating in the process of maturation and activation of client proteins, playing a crucial role both in the normal and abnormal operation of the organism. In functionally defective tissues, programmed cell death (PCD) is one of the regulable fundamental mechanisms mediated by HSP90, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and others. Here, we show the complex relationship between HSP90 and different types of PCD in various diseases, and discuss the possibility of HSP90 as the common regulatory nodal in multiple PCD, which would provide a new perspective for the therapeutic approaches in disease.
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Ardestani M, Khorsandi Z, Keshavarzipour F, Iravani S, Sadeghi-aliabadi H, Varma RS. Heterocyclic Compounds as Hsp90 Inhibitors: A Perspective on Anticancer Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2220. [PMID: 36297655 PMCID: PMC9610671 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have garnered special attention in cancer therapy as molecular chaperones with regulatory/mediatory effects on folding, maintenance/stability, maturation, and conformation of proteins as well as their effects on prevention of protein aggregation. Hsp90 ensures the stability of various client proteins needed for the growth of cells or the survival of tumor cells; therefore, they are overexpressed in tumor cells and play key roles in carcinogenesis. Accordingly, Hsp90 inhibitors are recognized as attractive therapeutic agents for investigations pertaining to tumor suppression. Natural Hsp90 inhibitors comprising geldanamycin (GM), reclaimed analogs of GM including 17-AAG and DMAG, and radicicol, a natural macrocyclic antifungal, are among the first potent Hsp90 inhibitors. Herein, recently synthesized heterocyclic compounds recognized as potent Hsp90 inhibitors are reviewed along with the anticancer effects of heterocyclic compounds, comprising purine, pyrazole, triazine, quinolines, coumarin, and isoxazoles molecules.
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Surma S, Sahebkar A, Urbański J, Penson PE, Banach M. Curcumin - The Nutraceutical With Pleiotropic Effects? Which Cardiometabolic Subjects Might Benefit the Most? Front Nutr 2022; 9:865497. [PMID: 35662932 PMCID: PMC9159377 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.865497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous advances in pharmacotherapy, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the world's leading killer. Atherosclerosis relates not only to an increased level of cholesterol, but involves the development of atherosclerotic plaques, which are formed as a result of processes including inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, in addition to the classical risk factors for ASCVD (such as type 2 diabetes, overweight, obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome), residual risk factors such as inflammation and oxidative stress should also be reduced. The most important intervention in ASCVD is prevention, which includes promoting a healthy diet based on products of natural origin. Curcumin, which is often present in the diet, has been demonstrate to confer several benefits to health. It has been shown in numerous clinical trials that curcumin exhibited anti-diabetic, lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as promoting weight loss. All this means that curcumin has a comprehensive impact on the most important risk factors of ASCVD and may be a beneficial support in the treatment of these diseases. Recently, it has also been shown that curcumin may have a beneficial effect on the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and might be helpful in the prevention of long-COVID complications. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the safety and efficacy of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Surma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Club of Young Hypertensiologists, Polish Society of Hypertension, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Peter E. Penson
- Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Góra, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Łódź, Poland
- *Correspondence: Maciej Banach
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Dillon M, Lopez A, Lin E, Sales D, Perets R, Jain P. Progress on Ras/MAPK Signaling Research and Targeting in Blood and Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205059. [PMID: 34680208 PMCID: PMC8534156 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is responsible for regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Overexpression and overactivation of members within the signaling cascade have been observed in many solid and blood cancers. Research often focuses on targeting the pathway to disrupt cancer initiation and progression. We aimed to provide an overview of the pathway’s physiologic role and regulation, interactions with other pathways involved in cancer development, and mutations that lead to malignancy. Several blood and solid cancers are analyzed to illustrate the impact of the pathway’s dysregulation, stemming from mutation or viral induction. Finally, we summarized different approaches to targeting the pathway and the associated novel treatments being researched or having recently achieved approval. Abstract The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, consisting of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling cascade, regulates genes that control cellular development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Within the cascade, multiple isoforms of Ras and Raf each display differences in functionality, efficiency, and, critically, oncogenic potential. According to the NCI, over 30% of all human cancers are driven by Ras genes. This dysfunctional signaling is implicated in a wide variety of leukemias and solid tumors, both with and without viral etiology. Due to the strong evidence of Ras-Raf involvement in tumorigenesis, many have attempted to target the cascade to treat these malignancies. Decades of unsuccessful experimentation had deemed Ras undruggable, but recently, the approval of Sotorasib as the first ever KRas inhibitor represents a monumental breakthrough. This advancement is not without novel challenges. As a G12C mutant-specific drug, it also represents the issue of drug target specificity within Ras pathway; not only do many drugs only affect single mutational profiles, with few pan-inhibitor exceptions, tumor genetic heterogeneity may give rise to drug-resistant profiles. Furthermore, significant challenges in targeting downstream Raf, especially the BRaf isoform, lie in the paradoxical activation of wild-type BRaf by BRaf mutant inhibitors. This literature review will delineate the mechanisms of Ras signaling in the MAPK pathway and its possible oncogenic mutations, illustrate how specific mutations affect the pathogenesis of specific cancers, and compare available and in-development treatments targeting the Ras pathway.
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