1
|
Latifi A, Mohebali M, Yasami S, Soleimani M, Rezaian M, Kazemirad E. Comparing cytotoxicity and efficacy of miltefosine and standard antimicrobial agents against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cyst forms: An in vitro study. Acta Trop 2023; 247:107009. [PMID: 37643658 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is an eye disease often occurring in contact lens wearers. AK treatment is prolonged and requires multiple drugs, which can lead to adverse effects. Our study aimed to compare the in vitro activities and safety of Miltefosine with that of conventional antimicrobial agents used to treat AK. Acanthamoeba castellanii genotype T4 was obtained from a patient with keratitis and subjected to in vitro susceptibility testing with various antimicrobial agents, including Chlorhexidine (CHX), Pentamidine isethionate (PI)Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), and Miltefosine to assess their efficacy against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cyst. The cytotoxicity of the agents was evaluated in Vero cells, and their selectivity indexes (SI) were calculated. Chlorhexidine exhibited the highest amoebicidal activity with the highest selectivity index against the trophozoite and cyst, ranging from 1.17 to 8.35. The selectivity index of PHMB is slightly comparable to Chlorhexidine, exhibiting significant anti-Acanthamoeba activity. On the other hand, Pentamidine isethionate and Miltefosine displayed low SI among the compounds. Pentamidine isethionate was effective at high concentrations, which was toxic. Miltefosine exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity; nevertheless, due to the lowest anti-Acanthamoeba activity presented a low selectivity against the parasite. Further studies on more clinical samples and prolonged incubation time should be done to investigate the effectiveness and toxicity of drugs in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Latifi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setayesh Yasami
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soleimani
- Department of Ocular Trauma and Emergency, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kazemirad
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma C, Khurana S, Arora A, Bhatia A, Gupta A. An Insight into the Genome of Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Acanthamoeba. Pathogens 2022; 11. [PMID: 36558892 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acanthamoeba are amphizoic amoeba majorly responsible for causing Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). Despite its ubiquitous nature, the frequency of infections is not high, probably due to the existence of non-pathogenic isolates. The whole-genome sequencing and an annotated genome assembly can unravel the biological functions and help in identifying probable genes related to pathogenicity. METHODS Illumina and Nanopore sequencing were performed for keratitis, encephalitis, and non-pathogenic environmental isolates. Hybrid assembly was prepared for the AK and GAE isolates, while only the Illumina reads were utilized for a non-pathogenic environmental isolate. Protein coding genes were identified using the GeneMark-ES program and BLASTx module of Diamond used for gene prediction. Additionally, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotation and cluster of orthologous group's annotation using RPS-blast against the CDD database was performed. The subsequent data analysis and validation will help identify probable pathogenic genes. RESULTS The genome assemblies of 9.67, 8.34, and 8.89 GBs were reported for GAE, AK, and non-pathogenic isolate, respectively. KEGG reported 22,946 in GAE, 24,231 in keratitis, and 9367 genes in the environmental isolate. The COG annotation revealed 3232 in GAE, 3403 in keratitis, and 1314 genes in the non-pathogenic isolate. CONCLUSION The present study has attempted to generate de novo hybrid genome assemblies of Acanthamoeba that would help decode the genome of free-living amoeba and will provide genomic data for a better understanding of virulence-related factors.
Collapse
|
3
|
Teh JSK, Tam PCK, Badenoch PR, Adamson PJ, Brennan C, Marshman G, Gordon DL. Successful treatment of cutaneous Acanthamoeba castellanii infection with miltefosine in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia on ibrutinib. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 77:539-541. [PMID: 34747467 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne S K Teh
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.,SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Patrick C K Tam
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Paul R Badenoch
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Penelope J Adamson
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.,SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Catriona Brennan
- SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Gillian Marshman
- Department of Dermatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - David L Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.,SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| |
Collapse
|