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Knapp PF, Lewis WE. Advanced data analysis in inertial confinement fusion and high energy density physics. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:061103. [PMID: 37862494 DOI: 10.1063/5.0128661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Bayesian analysis enables flexible and rigorous definition of statistical model assumptions with well-characterized propagation of uncertainties and resulting inferences for single-shot, repeated, or even cross-platform data. This approach has a strong history of application to a variety of problems in physical sciences ranging from inference of particle mass from multi-source high-energy particle data to analysis of black-hole characteristics from gravitational wave observations. The recent adoption of Bayesian statistics for analysis and design of high-energy density physics (HEDP) and inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments has provided invaluable gains in expert understanding and experiment performance. In this Review, we discuss the basic theory and practical application of the Bayesian statistics framework. We highlight a variety of studies from the HEDP and ICF literature, demonstrating the power of this technique. Due to the computational complexity of multi-physics models needed to analyze HEDP and ICF experiments, Bayesian inference is often not computationally tractable. Two sections are devoted to a review of statistical approximations, efficient inference algorithms, and data-driven methods, such as deep-learning and dimensionality reduction, which play a significant role in enabling use of the Bayesian framework. We provide additional discussion of various applications of Bayesian and machine learning methods that appear to be sparse in the HEDP and ICF literature constituting possible next steps for the community. We conclude by highlighting community needs, the resolution of which will improve trust in data-driven methods that have proven critical for accelerating the design and discovery cycle in many application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Knapp
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - W E Lewis
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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2
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Zou L, Geng Y, Liu B, Chen F, Zhou W, Peng Z, Hu D, Yuan Q, Liu G, Liu L. CNN-based neural network model for amplified laser pulse temporal shape prediction with dynamic requirement in high-power laser facility. Opt Express 2022; 30:29885-29899. [PMID: 36242103 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The temporal shape of laser pulses is one of the essential performances in the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) facility. Due to the complexity and instability of the laser propagation system, it is hard to predict the pulse shapes precisely by pure analytic methods based on the physical model [Frantz-Nodvik (F-N) equation]. Here, we present a data-driven model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) for precise prediction. The neural network model introduces sixteen parameters neglected in the F-N equation based models to expand the representation dimension. The sensitivity analysis of the experimental results confirms that these parameters have different degrees of influence on the temporal output shapes and cannot be ignored. The network characterizes the whole physical process with commonality and specificity features to improve the description ability. The prediction accuracy evaluated by a root mean square of the proposed model is 7.93%, which is better compared to three optimized physical models. This study explores a nonanalytic methodology of combining prior physical knowledge with data-driven models to map the complex physical process by numerical models, which has strong representation capability and great potential to model other measurable processes in physical science.
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3
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Wani R, Mir A, Batool F, Tiwari S. Rayleigh-Taylor instability in strongly coupled plasma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11557. [PMID: 35798786 PMCID: PMC9262965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) is the prominent energy mixing mechanism when heavy fluid lies on top of light fluid under the gravity. In this work, the RTI is studied in strongly coupled plasmas using two-dimensional molecular dynamics simulations. The motivation is to understand the evolution of the instability with the increasing correlation (Coulomb coupling) that happens when the average Coulombic potential energy becomes comparable to the average thermal energy. We report the suppression of the RTI due to a decrease in growth rate with increasing coupling strength. The caging effect is expected a physical mechanism for the growth suppression observed in both the exponential and the quadratic growth regimes. We also report that the increase in shielding due to background charges increases the growth rate of the instability. Moreover, the increase in the Atwood number, an entity to quantify the density gradient, shows the enhancement of the growth of the instability. The dispersion relation obtained from the molecular dynamics simulation of strongly coupled plasma shows a slight growth enhancement compared to the hydrodynamic viscous fluid. The RTI and its eventual impact on turbulent mixing can be significant in energy dumping mechanisms in inertial confinement fusion where, during the compressed phases, the coupling strength approaches unity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauoof Wani
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu, 181221, India
| | - Ajaz Mir
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu, 181221, India
| | - Farida Batool
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu, 181221, India
| | - Sanat Tiwari
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu, 181221, India.
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4
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Ilyin DV, Abarzhi SI. Interface dynamics and flow fields’ structure under thermal heat flux, thermal conductivity, destabilizing acceleration and inertial stabilization. SN Appl Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05000-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Interfaces and interfacial mixing are omnipresent in fluids, plasmas, materials in vastly different environments. A thorough understanding of their fundamentals is essential in many areas of science, mathematics, and technology. This work focuses on the classical problem of stability of a phase boundary that is a subject to fluxes of heat and mass across it for non-ideal thermally conducting fluids. We develop a rigorous theory resolving challenges not addressed before, including boundary conditions for thermal heat flux, structure of perturbation waves, and dependence of waves coupling on system parameters in a broad range of conditions. We discover the novel class of fluid instabilities in the three regimes—advection, diffusion, and low Mach—with properties that were never earlier discussed and that are defined by the interplay of the thermal heat flux, thermal conductivity and destabilizing acceleration with the inertial stabilization. We reveal the parameter controlling transitions between the regimes through varying the initial conditions. We find that the interface stability is set primarily by the macroscopic inertial mechanism balancing the destabilizing acceleration. The thermal heat flux and the microscopic thermodynamics create vortical fields in the bulk. By linking micro to macro scales, the interface is the place where balances are achieved.
Article highlights
This work yields the general theory of interface dynamics in a broad range of conditions.
The interplay is explored of inertial stabilization, destabilizing acceleration, thermal conductivity and heat flux.
We discover that interface is the place where balances are achieved through linking micro to macro scales.
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5
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Lu Z, Yuanchao G, Guodong L, Lanqin L, Fengdong C, Bingguo L, Dongxia H, Wei Z, Zhitao P. Laser energy prediction with ensemble neural networks for high-power laser facility. Opt Express 2022; 30:4046-4057. [PMID: 35209650 DOI: 10.1364/oe.447763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The energy accuracy of laser beams is an essential property of the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) facility. However, the energy gain is difficult to control precisely by traditional Frantz-Nodvik equations due to the dramatically-increasing complexity of the huge optical system. A novel method based on ensemble deep neural networks is proposed to predict the laser output energy of the main amplifier. The artificial neural network counts in 39 more related factors that the physical model neglected, and an ensemble method is exploited to obtain robust and stable predictions. The sensitivity of each factor is analyzed by saliency after training to find out the factors which should be controlled strictly. The identification of factor sensitivities reduces relatively unimportant factors, simplifying the neural network model with little effect on the prediction results. The predictive accuracy is benchmarked against the measured energy and the proposed method obtains a relative deviation of 1.59% in prediction, which has a 2.5 times improvement in accuracy over the conventional method.
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6
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Rigon G, Albertazzi B, Mabey P, Michel T, Falize E, Bouffetier V, Ceurvorst L, Masse L, Koenig M, Casner A. Exploring the Atwood-number dependence of the highly nonlinear Rayleigh-Taylor instability regime in high-energy-density conditions. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:045213. [PMID: 34781551 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.045213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We experimentally study the late-time, highly nonlinear regime of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a decelerating phase. A series of laser-driven experiments is performed on the LULI2000 laser, in which the initial Atwood number is varied by adjusting the decelerating medium density. The high-power laser is used in a direct drive configuration to put into motion a solid target. Its rear side, which initially possesses a two-dimensional machined sinusoidal perturbations, expands and decelerates into a foam leading to a Rayleigh-Taylor unstable situation. The interface position and morphology are measured by time-resolved x-ray radiography. We develop a simple Atwood-dependent model describing the motion of the decelerating interface, from which its acceleration history is obtained. The measured amplitude of the instability, or mixing zone width, is then compared with late-time acceleration-dependent Rayleigh-Taylor instability models. The shortcomings of this classical model, when applied to high-energy-density conditions, are shown. This calls into question their uses for systems, where a shock wave is present, such as those found in laboratory astrophysics or in inertial confinement fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rigon
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France.,JSPS International Research Fellow, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - B Albertazzi
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - P Mabey
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France.,Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Physics, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Th Michel
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - E Falize
- CEA-DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - V Bouffetier
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - L Ceurvorst
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - L Masse
- CEA-DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - M Koenig
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Casner
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France.,CEA-CESTA, 15 avenue des Sablires, CS 60001, 33116 Le Barp Cedex, France
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7
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Sano T, Tamatani S, Matsuo K, Law KFF, Morita T, Egashira S, Ota M, Kumar R, Shimogawara H, Hara Y, Lee S, Sakata S, Rigon G, Michel T, Mabey P, Albertazzi B, Koenig M, Casner A, Shigemori K, Fujioka S, Murakami M, Sakawa Y. Laser astrophysics experiment on the amplification of magnetic fields by shock-induced interfacial instabilities. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:035206. [PMID: 34654211 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.035206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Laser experiments are becoming established as tools for astronomical research that complement observations and theoretical modeling. Localized strong magnetic fields have been observed at a shock front of supernova explosions. Experimental confirmation and identification of the physical mechanism for this observation are of great importance in understanding the evolution of the interstellar medium. However, it has been challenging to treat the interaction between hydrodynamic instabilities and an ambient magnetic field in the laboratory. Here, we developed an experimental platform to examine magnetized Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI). The measured growth velocity was consistent with the linear theory, and the magnetic-field amplification was correlated with RMI growth. Our experiment validated the turbulent amplification of magnetic fields associated with the shock-induced interfacial instability in astrophysical conditions. Experimental elucidation of fundamental processes in magnetized plasmas is generally essential in various situations such as fusion plasmas and planetary sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shohei Tamatani
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Matsuo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - King Fai Farley Law
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taichi Morita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Egashira
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Ota
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimogawara
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hara
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seungho Lee
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shohei Sakata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Administration and Technology Center for Science and Engineering, Technology Management Division, Waseda University, Okubo, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Gabriel Rigon
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Université, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France.,Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Thibault Michel
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Université, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Paul Mabey
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Université, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Albertazzi
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Université, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Michel Koenig
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Université, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Alexis Casner
- CEA-CESTA, 15 avenue des Sabliéres, CS 60001, 33116 Le Barp Cedex, France.,Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Keisuke Shigemori
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Murakami
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Youichi Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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8
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Casner A. Recent progress in quantifying hydrodynamics instabilities and turbulence in inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density experiments. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200021. [PMID: 33280557 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the seminal paper of Nuckolls triggering the quest of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) with lasers, hydrodynamic instabilities have been recognized as one of the principal hurdles towards ignition. This remains true nowadays for both main approaches (indirect drive and direct drive), despite the advent of MJ scale lasers with tremendous technological capabilities. From a fundamental science perspective, these gigantic laser facilities enable also the possibility to create dense plasma flows evolving towards turbulence, being magnetized or not. We review the state of the art of nonlinear hydrodynamics and turbulent experiments, simulations and theory in ICF and high-energy-density plasmas and draw perspectives towards in-depth understanding and control of these fascinating phenomena. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Casner
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
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9
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Remington BA, Park HS, Casey DT, Cavallo RM, Clark DS, Huntington CM, Kuranz CC, Miles AR, Nagel SR, Raman KS, Smalyuk VA. Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in high-energy density settings on the National Ignition Facility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18233-18238. [PMID: 29946021 PMCID: PMC6744876 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717236115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability occurs at an interface between two fluids of differing density during an acceleration. These instabilities can occur in very diverse settings, from inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions over spatial scales of [Formula: see text] cm (10-1,000 μm) to supernova explosions at spatial scales of [Formula: see text] cm and larger. We describe experiments and techniques for reducing ("stabilizing") RT growth in high-energy density (HED) settings on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Three unique regimes of stabilization are described: (i) at an ablation front, (ii) behind a radiative shock, and (iii) due to material strength. For comparison, we also show results from nonstabilized "classical" RT instability evolution in HED regimes on the NIF. Examples from experiments on the NIF in each regime are given. These phenomena also occur in several astrophysical scenarios and planetary science [Drake R (2005) Plasma Phys Controlled Fusion 47:B419-B440; Dahl TW, Stevenson DJ (2010) Earth Planet Sci Lett 295:177-186].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hye-Sook Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
| | - Daniel T Casey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
| | | | - Daniel S Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
| | | | - Carolyn C Kuranz
- Atmospheric, Oceanic, Space Science Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Aaron R Miles
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
| | | | - Kumar S Raman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
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LeFevre HJ, Ma K, Belancourt PX, MacDonald MJ, Döppner T, Huntington CM, Johnsen E, Keiter PA, Kuranz CC. A platform for x-ray Thomson scattering measurements of radiation hydrodynamics experiments on the NIF. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10F105. [PMID: 30399938 DOI: 10.1063/1.5039392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental design for a radiation hydrodynamics experiment at the National Ignition Facility that measures the electron temperature of a shocked region using the x-ray Thomson scattering technique. Previous National Ignition Facility experiments indicate a reduction in Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth due to high energy fluxes, compared to the shocked energy flux, from radiation and electron heat conduction. In order to better quantify the effects of these energy fluxes, we modified the previous experiment to allow for non-collective x-ray Thomson scattering to measure the electron temperature. Photometric calculations combined with synthetic scattering spectra demonstrate an estimated noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J LeFevre
- Applied Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - K Ma
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P X Belancourt
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M J MacDonald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C M Huntington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - E Johnsen
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P A Keiter
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - C C Kuranz
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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