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Zeng S, Almeida A, Li S, Ying J, Wang H, Qu Y, Paul Ross R, Stanton C, Zhou Z, Niu X, Mu D, Wang S. A metagenomic catalog of the early-life human gut virome. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1864. [PMID: 38424077 PMCID: PMC10904392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-life human gut microbiome is a pivotal driver of gut homeostasis and infant health. However, the viral component (known as "virome") remains mostly unexplored. Here, we establish the Early-Life Gut Virome (ELGV), a catalog of 160,478 non-redundant DNA and RNA viral sequences from 8130 gut virus-like particles (VLPs) enriched or bulk metagenomes in the first three years of life. By clustering, 82,141 viral species are identified, 68.3% of which are absent in existing databases built mainly from adults, and 64 and 8 viral species based on VLPs-enriched and bulk metagenomes, respectively, exhibit potentials as biomarkers to distinguish infants from adults. With the largest longitudinal population of infants profiled by either VLPs-enriched or bulk metagenomic sequencing, we track the inherent instability and temporal development of the early-life human gut virome, and identify differential viruses associated with multiple clinical factors. The mother-infant shared virome and interactions between gut virome and bacteriome early in life are further expanded. Together, the ELGV catalog provides the most comprehensive and complete metagenomic blueprint of the early-life human gut virome, facilitating the discovery of pediatric disease-virome associations in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Alexandre Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Pasteurien College, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shaopu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Liang Y, Zhao C, Zhao L, Sheng D, Chen B, Zhao G, Wang Q, Zhang L. Taxonomic and functional shifts of gut microbiome in immunoglobulin A vasculitis children and their mothers. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1356529. [PMID: 38410769 PMCID: PMC10895042 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1356529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the gut microbiota characteristics in children with immunoglobulin A vasculitis and their interrelationships with the host, while evaluate the vertical inheritance of microbiota in the development and progression of IgA vasculitis. Methods This study investigated the gut microbiome of 127 IgA vasculitis mother-child pairs and 62 matched healthy mother-child pairs, and compared the gut microbial composition of different groups. The pathway enrichment analysis evaluated potential gut microbiome-mediated pathways involved in the pathophysiology of IgA vasculitis. The Spearman correlation analysis illustrated the relationships between clinical variables and bacterial biomarkers. Results This study identified distinct intestinal microbiome in IgA vasculitis children compared to healthy children, and further pointed out the association in gut microbiota between IgA vasculitis children's and their mother's. The relative abundance of Megamonas and Lactobacillus in IgAV children was positively correlated with that in their mothers. The pathway enrichment analysis found microbial biosynthesis of vitamins and essential amino acids was upregulated in children with IgA vasculitis. Correlation analysis showed bacterial biomarkers were correlated with indicators of blood coagulation. Conclusion Children with IgA vasculitis have unique bacterial biomarkers and may affect coagulation function, and their gut microbiome was closely associated with that of their mothers. The observed association in gut microbiota between IgA vasculitis children and their mothers suggested a potential intergenerational influence of the maternal microbiota on the development or progression of IgA vasculitis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Liang
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Changying Zhao
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lanlan Zhao
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dashuang Sheng
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Prentice R, Flanagan E, Wright E, Hardikar W, Ross A, Burns M, Prideaux L, Connell W, Sparrow M, De Cruz P, Lust M, Goldberg R, Vogrin S, Greeve T, Bell S. Thrombocytosis and Transaminitis in Infants Born to Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Associated With Exposure to Maternal Inflammation In Utero. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae008. [PMID: 38330216 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite reassuring clinical safety data, thrombocytosis, anemia, lymphopenia, and liver function derangements have been observed in infants born to women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with thiopurines and biologics. We aimed to define the prevalence, course, associations, and clinical impact of hematological and biochemical abnormalities in such infants. METHODS This multicenter prospective cohort study assessed clinical, hematologic, and biochemical outcomes of infants exposed to thiopurines or biologics in utero for management of maternal IBD. Liver transaminases, full blood examination, and infant thiopurine metabolites (where exposed) were taken at delivery and 6 weeks of age. Abnormal results were repeated until normalization. Infants were followed clinically by a pediatric gastroenterologist up to 2 years of age. RESULTS A total of 130 infants were included. Thrombocytosis and elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) were seen in over half of infants up to 6 months of age with no significant clinical impact. Elevated ALT was associated with increasing maternal C-reactive protein in second trimester, while thrombocytosis was associated with increasing maternal C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin in third trimester. Preceding infection and vaccination were associated with an increased risk of elevated alkaline phosphatase at 3 months. In those exposed to thiopurines, increasing maternal 6-methylmercaptopurine at delivery was associated with increased ALT to 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Infants born to women with IBD commonly developed thrombocytosis, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and elevated ALT. These findings were associated with exposure to maternal inflammation, elevated 6-methylmercaptopurine at delivery, and infant vaccinations and infections, and had minimal clinical consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralley Prentice
- Gastroenterology Department, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Gastroenterology Department, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Flanagan
- Gastroenterology Department, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily Wright
- Gastroenterology Department, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Winita Hardikar
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Gastroenterology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alyson Ross
- Gastroenterology Department, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Megan Burns
- Gastroenterology Department, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lani Prideaux
- Gastroenterology Department, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William Connell
- Gastroenterology Department, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Miles Sparrow
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Gastroenterology Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter De Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Gastroenterology Department, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Lust
- Gastroenterology Department, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rimma Goldberg
- Gastroenterology Department, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tessa Greeve
- Gastroenterology Department, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sally Bell
- Gastroenterology Department, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Wang WH, Chiu FY, Kuo TT, Shao YHJ. Maternal Prenatal Infections and Biliary Atresia in Offspring. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2350044. [PMID: 38170523 PMCID: PMC10765264 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Investigations into the association of antepartum maternal infections with the pathogenesis of biliary atresia (BA) in human offspring are insufficient. Objective To examine the association between prenatal infections in mothers and the development of BA in their offspring. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based case-control study obtained administrative data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database with linkage to the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database, capturing demographic and medical information on nearly all 23 million of the Taiwan population. The cohort comprised 2 905 978 singleton live births among mother-infant dyads between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2020, in Taiwan. The case group of infants with BA was identified from use of International Classification of Diseases diagnostic codes for BA and subsequent Kasai procedure or liver transplant. The control group was randomly selected from infants without BA, representing approximately 1 in 1000 study population. Data analyses were performed from May 1 to October 31, 2023. Exposure Prenatal maternal infections, including intestinal infection, influenza, upper airway infection, pneumonia, soft-tissue infection, and genitourinary tract infection. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was exposure to prenatal maternal infections. Inverse probability weighting analysis was performed by building a logistic regression model to estimate the probability of the exposure observed for a particular infant and using the estimated probability as a weight in subsequent analyses. The weighted odds ratio (OR) estimated by logistic regressions was then used to assess the risk of BA in offspring after prenatal maternal infections. Results Among the mother-infant dyads included, 447 infants with BA were cases (232 females [51.9%]) and 2912 infants without BA were controls (1514 males [52.0%]). The mean (SD) maternal age at childbirth was 30.7 (4.9) years. Offspring exposed to prenatal intestinal infection (weighted OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.17-1.82) and genitourinary tract infection (weighted OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.05-1.41) in mothers exhibited a significantly higher risk of BA. Furthermore, maternal intestinal infection (weighted OR, 6.05; 95% CI, 3.80-9.63) and genitourinary tract infection (weighted OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.13-2.11) that occurred during the third trimester were associated with an increased risk of BA in offspring. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this case-control study indicate an association between prenatal intestinal infection and genitourinary tract infection in mothers and BA occurrence in their offspring. Further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women’s Health, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lienchiang County Hospital, Lienchiang, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tung Kuo
- Health Data Analytics and Statistics Center, Office of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Joni Shao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin C, Lin Y, Wang S, Wang J, Mao X, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Chen W, Wang G. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis boosts neonatal immunity: unravelling systemic defences against Salmonella. Food Funct 2024; 15:236-254. [PMID: 38054827 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03686c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis may be a useful probiotic intervention for regulating neonatal intestinal immune responses and counteracting Salmonella infection. However, recent research has focused on intestinal immunity, leaving uncertainties regarding the central, peripheral, and neural immune responses in neonates. Therefore, this study investigated the role and mechanisms of B. animalis subsp. lactis in the systemic immune responses of neonatal rats following Salmonella infection. Through extremely early pretreatment with B. animalis subsp. lactis (6 hours postnatal), the neonatal rat gut microbiota was effectively reshaped, especially the Bifidobacterium community. In the rats pretreated with B. animalis subsp. lactis, Salmonella was less prevalent in the blood, liver, spleen, and intestines following infection. The intervention promoted T lymphocyte subset balance in the spleen and thymus and fostered neurodevelopment and neuroimmune balance in the brain. Furthermore, metabolic profiling showed a strong correlation between the metabolites in the serum and colon, supporting the view that B. animalis subsp. lactis pretreatment influences the systemic immune response by modifying the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota. Overall, the results imply that B. animalis subsp. lactis pretreatment, through the coordinated regulation of colonic and serum metabolites, influences the systemic immune responses of neonatal rats against Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yugui Lin
- Microbiology Laboratory, Zhongshan Bo'ai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan 528400, P. R. China
| | - Shunhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xuhua Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People's Hospital, Wuxi 214200, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, P. R. China
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Oldereid TS, Jiang X, Øgaard J, Schrumpf E, Bjørnholt JV, Rasmussen H, Melum E. Microbial exposure during early life regulates development of bile duct inflammation. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:192-201. [PMID: 37997753 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2278423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The early life microbiome has been linked to inflammatory diseases in adulthood and a role for the microbiome in bile duct inflammation is supported by both human and murine studies. We utilized the NOD.c3c4 mouse model that develops a spontaneous immune-driven biliary disease with a known contribution of the microbiome to evaluate the temporal effects of the early life microbiome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Germ-free (GF) NOD.c3c4 mice were conventionalized into a specific pathogen free environment at birth (conventionally raised, CONV-R) or at weaning (germ-free raised, GF-R) and compared with age and gender-matched GF and conventional (CONV) NOD.c3c4 mice. At 9 weeks of age, liver pathology was assessed by conventional histology and flow cytometry immunophenotyping. RESULTS Neonatal exposure to microbes (CONV-R) increased biliary inflammation to similar levels as regular conventional NOD.c3c4 mice, while delayed exposure to microbes (GF-R) restrained the biliary inflammation. Neutrophil infiltration was increased in all conventionalized mice compared to GF. An immunophenotype in the liver similar to CONV was restored in both CONV-R and GF-R compared to GF mice displaying a proportional increase of B cells and reduction of T cells in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Microbial exposure during early life has a temporal impact on biliary tract inflammation in the NOD.c3c4 mouse model suggesting that age-sensitive interaction with commensal microbes have long-lasting effects on biliary immunity that can be of importance for human cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine S Oldereid
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiaojun Jiang
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Øgaard
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Schrumpf
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen V Bjørnholt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Rasmussen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Division of Oslo Hospital Services, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Melum
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Xu X, Zhao Y, Wang X, Zhang R, Liu S, Sun R, Wang Z, Ge L, Sun Y, Zhang S, Ma H, Zhan J. Diagnostic and prognostic value of the gut microbiota and its metabolite butyrate in children with biliary atresia. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 40:24. [PMID: 38127131 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalent microbiological profile of biliary atresia (BA) patients at the time of its occurrence by studying their intestinal flora. METHODS A total of 118 gut microbiota samples from three groups of 43 BA patients, 33 disease controls (DC) with other cholestatic diseases and 42 healthy controls (HC), were analyzed by deep mining of public data. Subsequently, a total of 23 fecal samples from three groups of clinically collected patients (11 BA, 6 DC and 6 HC) were sequenced for 16S rRNA gene amplification and analyzed for serum butyrate (BU) level by liquid chromatography. RESULTS Taxonomic analysis revealed significant differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota between BA patients and controls, with a reduction in diversity and a higher abundance of Proteobacteria, Streptococcus and Lactobacillus in the BA group. Database and clinical data analyses concluded that Streptococcus/Bacteroides (AUC = 0.9035, 95% CI 0.8347-0.9722, P < 0.0001) or Streptococcus/Eggerthella (AUC = 0.8333, 95% CI 0.6340-1.000, P = 0.027) was the best microbiota to differentiate between BA and DC. Serum butyrate levels were low in the BA and DC groups and differed from the HC group (P = 0.01, P = 0.04). Butyrate levels in BA were negatively correlated with jaundice clearance and cholangitis, but not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in BA, especially the butyrate-producing microbiota, and suggests the potential for using gut microbiota as a noninvasive diagnostic benefit for BA. Low levels of serum butyrate in BA may indicate a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Xu
- Graduate College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, LongYan Road 238, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Graduate College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, LongYan Road 238, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Graduate College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinjiang Yili Friendship Hospital, Yili, 835000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- Graduate College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, LongYan Road 238, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowen Liu
- Graduate College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, LongYan Road 238, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjuan Sun
- Graduate College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, LongYan Road 238, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiru Wang
- Graduate College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, LongYan Road 238, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, LongYan Road 238, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, LongYan Road 238, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, LongYan Road 238, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, LongYan Road 238, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300134, People's Republic of China.
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Pandurangi S, Kim S, Asai A, Bondoc A, Balistreri W, Campbell K, Miethke A, Peters A, Rogers M, Taylor A, Attia SL, Gibbons T, Mullapudi B, Sheridan R, Tiao G, Bezerra JA. Customized Postoperative Therapy Improves Bile Drainage in Biliary Atresia: A Single Center Preliminary Report. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:1483-1488. [PMID: 36496264 PMCID: PMC10846645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversies in management of biliary atresia (BA) after hepatoportoenterostomy (HPE) lead to variable treatment protocols. We implemented standardized medical management after HPE, customizing the use of antibiotics and corticosteroids based on patient-specific factors. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, 20 consecutive infants underwent HPE for BA and were compared to a historical cohort. Analysis of successful biliary drainage 3 months after HPE (defined as serum total bilirubin <2 mg/dL) was the primary endpoint; survival with native liver at 2 years was the secondary endpoint. RESULTS Sixteen of 20 (80%) infants had successful bile drainage, compared to 8 of 20 (40%) infants in the historical cohort (P = 0.0225). Sixteen of 20 patients in the new protocol have reached 2 years of age or required liver transplantation. Among the sixteen, 11 (68.8%) are alive with native livers versus 10 of 20 (50%) in the historical cohort (P = 0.0970). CONCLUSION This preliminary report suggests the potential benefit of tailored use of postoperative antibiotics and corticosteroids in improving biliary drainage after HPE. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Pandurangi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Seung Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Akihiro Asai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexander Bondoc
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - William Balistreri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathleen Campbell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexander Miethke
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anna Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Rogers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy Taylor
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Suzanna Labib Attia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Troy Gibbons
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Bhargava Mullapudi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachel Sheridan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Greg Tiao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Jorge A Bezerra
- Division of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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Rager SL, Zeng MY. The Gut-Liver Axis in Pediatric Liver Health and Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:597. [PMID: 36985171 PMCID: PMC10051507 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been growing interest in the complex host-microbe interactions within the human gut and the role these interactions play in systemic health and disease. As an essential metabolic organ, the liver is intimately coupled to the intestinal microbial environment via the portal venous system. Our understanding of the gut-liver axis comes almost exclusively from studies of adults; the gut-liver axis in children, who have unique physiology and differing gut microbial communities, remains poorly understood. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of common pediatric hepatobiliary conditions and recent studies exploring the contributions of the gut microbiota to these conditions or changes of the gut microbiota due to these conditions. We examine the current literature regarding the microbial alterations that take place in biliary atresia, pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Wilson's disease, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and viral hepatitis. Finally, we propose potential therapeutic approaches involving modulation of the gut microbiota and the gut-liver axis to mitigate the progression of pediatric liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Rager
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Melody Y. Zeng
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Li Z, Li R, Li J, Wang Z, He H, Yan D, Yu L, Li H, Li M, Xu H. Coprophagy Prevention Affects the Reproductive Performance in New Zealand White Rabbits Is Mediated through Nox4-ROS-NFκB Pathway. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022; 2022:1-13. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8999899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coprophagy is of great significance to the growth, development, and reproductive performance of rabbits. This study is aimed at exploring the effect of coprophagy on the reproductive performance of New Zealand white rabbits by coprophagy prevention (CP). The results showed that CP treatment significantly decreased the growth and development performance of female rabbits and the live birth rate of embryos. The results of blood biochemical indexes showed that CP treatment significantly increased the contents of serum ALB, ALP, and MDA, while serum SOD activity was significantly decreased. Transcriptome analysis showed that GO terms were mainly enriched in transport function and reproductive function after CP treatment. In addition, KEGG results showed that inflammation related signal pathways were activated and the expression level of genes related to tight junction proteins was downregulated by CP treatment. Concurrently, western blot further confirmed the results of KEGG. In short, fecal feeding is an important survival strategy for some small rodents, coprophagy prevention will affect the inflammatory level of the body, change the oxidative stress level of the body, and then activate NOX4-ROS-NF-κB pathway, increase the expression level of adhesion protein ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, lead to the damage of uterine epithelial barrier, and then affect the reproductive performance of rabbits.
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Wehrman A, Lee CK. The cholestatic infant: updates on diagnosis and genetics. Curr Opin Pediatr 2022; 34:491-495. [PMID: 35942658 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cholestasis in infants can indicate a serious hepatobiliary disease and requires timely assessment, diagnosis and intervention to prevent progression to serious liver decompensation. This report aims to highlight recently published studies regarding diagnosis and treatment of cholestasis in infants. RECENT FINDINGS The evaluation of neonatal cholestasis can be challenging, requiring the assessment of a broad differential diagnosis in timely fashion. The Italian Society of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition position paper on the evaluation of neonatal cholestasis is reviewed and compared to other published guidelines. In biliary atresia, the most time-sensitive of these diagnoses, serum matrix metalloproteinase-7 was studied in Japanese infants with biliary atresia with excellent diagnostic performance characteristics. Genetic testing panels are an increasingly used tool to help identify causes of cholestasis. An American experience of genetic testing in large cohort of infants identified a definite or possible genetic diagnosis in 11% of cholestatic infants. In the treatment of prutitus in Alagille syndrome and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis the clinical studies of two newly Food and Drug Administration approved ileal bile acid transport inhibitors are discussed. New information on the prevalence of cytomegalovirus and idiopathic cholestasis as other etiologies of infant cholestasis is also reviewed. Lastly, new insight on potential maternal microbiome regulation on biliary disease in neonates on experimental biliary atresia models is discussed. SUMMARY Cholestasis in infants requires timely diagnosis and intervention. There are exciting new diagnostic and treatment options now being studied which could help minimize the likelihood of advanced liver disease and development of serious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wehrman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary atresia (BA) is one of the main causes of neonatal end-stage liver disease. Without timely diagnosis and treatment, most children with BA will develop irreversible liver fibrosis within the first two months. While current theorized causes of BA include viral infection, immune disorders, and genetic defects, the comprehensive etiology is still largely unknown. Recently, biliatresone attracted much interest for its ability to induce BA in both zebrafish and mice, so we summarized the latest progress of biliatresone research in BA and tried to answer the question of whether it could provide further clues to the etiology of human BA. DATA SOURCES We conducted a PubMed search for any published articles related to the topic using search terms including "biliary atresia", "biliatresone", "GSH", and "HSP90". Relevant data were extracted from the original text or supplementary materials of the corresponding articles. RESULTS Biliatresone had shown its unique toxicity in multiple species such as zebrafish and mice, and pathogenic factors involved included glutathione (GSH), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and the related pathways. In combination with epidemiological evidence and recent studies on the intestinal flora in biliary atresia, a new pathogenic hypothesis that the occurrence of biliary atresia is partly due to biliatresone or its structure-like compounds depositing in human body via vegetables or/and the altered intestinal flora structure can be tentatively established. CONCLUSIONS Based on the existing evidence, we emphasized that GSH and HSP90 are involved in the development of BA, and the maternal diet, especially higher vegetable intake of Asian women of childbearing age, accompanied by the altered intestinal flora structure, may contribute to the occurrence of biliary atresia and the higher incidence in the Asia group. However, the evidence from large sample epidemiological research is necessary.
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Silveira MAD, Bilodeau S, Greten TF, Wang XW, Trinchieri G. The gut-liver axis: host microbiota interactions shape hepatocarcinogenesis. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:583-597. [PMID: 35331674 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although their etiologies vary, tumors share a common trait: the control of an oncogenic transcriptional program that is regulated by the interaction of the malignant cells with the stromal and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME shows high phenotypic and functional heterogeneity that may be modulated by interactions with commensal microbes (the microbiota) both systemically and locally. Unlike host cells, the microbiota adapts after environmental perturbations, impacting host-microbe interactions. In the liver, the bidirectional relationship in the gut and its associated microbiota creates an interdependent environment. Therefore, the gut microbiota and its metabolites modulate liver gene expression directly and indirectly, causing an imbalance in the gut-liver axis, which may result in disease, including carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruhen A D Silveira
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Steve Bilodeau
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Données Massives de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; NCI-CCR Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; NCI-CCR Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- NCI-CCR Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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