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Abdelrahman Z, Maxwell AP, McKnight AJ. Genetic and Epigenetic Associations with Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:503. [PMID: 38674437 PMCID: PMC11050138 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common complication of solid organ transplantation. PTDM prevalence varies due to different diabetes definitions. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis of PTDM have been published based on random blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The task of diagnosing PTDM continues to pose challenges, given the potential for diabetes to manifest at different time points after transplantation, thus demanding constant clinical vigilance and repeated testing. Interpreting HbA1c levels can be challenging after renal transplantation. Pre-transplant risk factors for PTDM include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history of diabetes, ethnicity (e.g., African-Caribbean or South Asian ancestry), and genetic risk factors. Risk factors for PTDM include immunosuppressive drugs, weight gain, hepatitis C, and cytomegalovirus infection. There is also emerging evidence that genetic and epigenetic variation in the organ transplant recipient may influence the risk of developing PTDM. This review outlines many known risk factors for PTDM and details some of the pathways, genetic variants, and epigenetic features associated with PTDM. Improved understanding of established and emerging risk factors may help identify people at risk of developing PTDM and may reduce the risk of developing PTDM or improve the management of this complication of organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Abdelrahman
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; (Z.A.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Alexander Peter Maxwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; (Z.A.); (A.P.M.)
- Regional Nephrology Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; (Z.A.); (A.P.M.)
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Jiang Y, Deng G, Liu C, Tang H, Zheng J, Kong X, Zhao M, Liu Y, Gao P, Li T, Zhao H, Cao Y, Li P, Ma L. Tangshen formula improves diabetic nephropathy in STZ-induced diabetes rats fed with hyper-methionine by regulating the methylation status of kidney. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:1. [PMID: 38167534 PMCID: PMC10763145 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to examine and analyze differential methylation profiles in order to investigate the influence of hyper-methioninemia (HM) on the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Male Wistar rats, aged eight weeks and weighing 250-300 g, were randomly assigned into four groups: a control group (Healthy, n = 8), streptozocin-induced rats (STZ group, n = 8), HM + STZ group (n = 8), and the Tangshen Formula (TSF) treatment group (TSF group, n = 8). Blood glucose levels and other metabolic indicators were monitored before treatment and at four-week intervals until 12 weeks. Total DNA was extracted from the aforementioned groups, and DNA methylation landscapes were analyzed via reduced representative bisulfite sequencing. RESULTS Both the STZ group and HM + STZ group exhibited increased blood glucose levels and urinary albumin/creatinine ratios in comparison with the control group. Notably, the HM + STZ group exhibited a markedly elevated urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (411.90 ± 88.86 mg/g) compared to the STZ group (238.41 ± 62.52 mg/g). TSF-treated rats demonstrated substantial reductions in both blood glucose levels and urinary albumin/creatinine ratios in comparison with the HM + STZ group. In-depth analysis of DNA methylation profiles revealed 797 genes with potential therapeutic effects related to TSF, among which approximately 2.3% had been previously reported as homologous genes. CONCLUSION While HM exacerbates DN through altered methylation patterns at specific CpG sites, TSF holds promise as a viable treatment for DN by restoring abnormal methylation levels. The identification of specific genes provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of DN pathogenesis and offers potential therapeutic targets for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - GuoXiong Deng
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chengyin Liu
- BioChain (Beijing) Science and Technology Inc., No. 18 Hongda South Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Han Tang
- BioChain (Beijing) Science and Technology Inc., No. 18 Hongda South Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaomu Kong
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Meimei Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tianbao Li
- BioChain (Beijing) Science and Technology Inc., No. 18 Hongda South Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongtong Cao
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Priyadarshini A, Madan R, Das S. Genetics and epigenetics of diabetes and its complications in India. Hum Genet 2024; 143:1-17. [PMID: 37999799 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a significant health concern with an increasing rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide. India ranks second in the number of diabetes cases in the world. The increasing burden of DM can be explained by genetic predisposition of Indians to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) coupled with rapid urbanization and socio-economic development in the last 3 decades leading to drastic changes in lifestyle. Environment and lifestyle changes contribute to T2DM development by altering epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and long non-coding RNAs, all of which regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. Although the genetic predisposition of Indians to T2DM is well established, how environmental and genetic factors interact and lead to T2DM is not well understood. In this review, we discuss the prevalence of diabetes and its complications across different states in India and how various risk factors contribute to its pathogenesis. The review also highlights the role of genetic predisposition among the Indian population and epigenetic factors involved in the etiology of diabetes. Lastly, we review current treatments and emphasize the knowledge gap with respect to genetic and epigenetic factors in the Indian context. Further understanding of the genetic and epigenetic determinants will help in risk prediction and prevention as well as therapeutic interventions, which will improve the clinical management of diabetes and associated macro- and micro-vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Priyadarshini
- Diabetic Vascular Complications Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Riya Madan
- Diabetic Vascular Complications Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Sadhan Das
- Diabetic Vascular Complications Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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Akhouri V, Majumder S, Gaikwad AB. Targeting DNA methylation in diabetic kidney disease: A new perspective. Life Sci 2023; 335:122256. [PMID: 37949210 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading diabetic complication causing significant mortality among people around the globe. People with poor glycemic control accompanied by hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity develop diabetic complications. These diabetic patients develop epigenetic changes and suffer from diabetic kidney complications even after subsequent glucose control, the phenomenon that is recognized as metabolic memory. DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic modification that contributes to the development and progression of several diabetic complications, including DKD. The aberrant DNA methylation pattern at CpGs sites within several genes, such as mTOR, RPTOR, IRS2, GRK5, SLC27A3, LCAT, and SLC1A5, associated with the accompanying risk factors exacerbate the DKD progression. Although drugs such as azacytidine and decitabine have been approved to target DNA methylation for diseases such as hematological malignancies, none have been approved for the treatment of DKD. More importantly, no DNA hypomethylation-targeting drugs have been approved for any disease conditions. Understanding the alteration in DNA methylation and its association with the disease risk factors is essential to target DKD effectively. This review has discussed the abnormal DNA methylation pattern and the kidney tissue-specific expression of critical genes involved in DKD onset and progression. Moreover, we also discuss the new possible therapeutic approach that can be exploited for treating DNA methylation aberrancy in a site-specific manner against DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Akhouri
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Syamantak Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Khurana I, Howard NJ, Maxwell S, Du Preez A, Kaipananickal H, Breen J, Buckberry S, Okabe J, Al-Hasani K, Nakasatien S, Himathongkam T, Cooper ME, Maple-Brown L, Thewjitcharoen Y, Brown A, El-Osta A. Circulating epigenomic biomarkers correspond with kidney disease susceptibility in high-risk populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 204:110918. [PMID: 37748713 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate epigenomic indices of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) susceptibility among high-risk populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) clinical guidelines were used to classify people living with or without DKD. Differential gene methylation of DKD was then assessed in a discovery Aboriginal Diabetes Study cohort (PROPHECY, 89 people) and an external independent study from Thailand (THEPTARIN, 128 people). Corresponding mRNA levels were also measured and linked to levels of albuminuria and eGFR. RESULTS Increased DKD risk was associated with reduced methylation and elevated gene expression in the PROPHECY discovery cohort of Aboriginal Australians and these findings were externally validated in the THEPTARIN diabetes registry of Thai people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Novel epigenomic scores can improve diagnostic performance over clinical modelling using albuminuria and GFR alone and can distinguish DKD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishant Khurana
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Natasha J Howard
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Equity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Scott Maxwell
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Anelle Du Preez
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Equity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Harikrishnan Kaipananickal
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - James Breen
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sam Buckberry
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jun Okabe
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Keith Al-Hasani
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | | | | | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Louise Maple-Brown
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory, Australia
| | | | - Alex Brown
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; University College Copenhagen, Faculty of Health, Department of Technology, Biomedical Laboratory Science, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe diabetic complication that affects up to half of the individuals with diabetes. Elevated blood glucose levels are a key underlying cause of DKD, but DKD is a complex multifactorial disease, which takes years to develop. Family studies have shown that inherited factors also contribute to the risk of the disease. During the last decade, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have emerged as a powerful tool to identify genetic risk factors for DKD. In recent years, the GWASs have acquired larger number of participants, leading to increased statistical power to detect more genetic risk factors. In addition, whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing studies are emerging, aiming to identify rare genetic risk factors for DKD, as well as epigenome-wide association studies, investigating DNA methylation in relation to DKD. This article aims to review the identified genetic and epigenetic risk factors for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma H. Dahlström
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Mohanty S, White JK, Brauner A. Epigenetic modifications influence urinary tract infection outcome. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:764-766. [PMID: 37069403 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Kerr White
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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