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Fang D, Zhang Z, Zhai J, Guo B, Li P, Liu X, Song J, Xie S, Wu R, Zhao Y, Wang C. Enzymatic-related network of catalysis, polyamine, and tumors for acetylpolyamine oxidase: from calculation to experiment. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2867-2882. [PMID: 38404376 PMCID: PMC10882482 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulation of enzymes and development of polyamine analogs capable of controlling the dynamics of endogenous polyamines to achieve anti-tumor effects is one of the biggest challenges in polyamine research. However, the root of the problem remains unsolved. This study represents a significant milestone as it unveils, for the first time, the comprehensive catalytic map of acetylpolyamine oxidase that includes chemical transformation and product release kinetics, by utilizing multiscale simulations with over six million dynamical snapshots. The transportation of acetylspermine is strongly exothermic, and high binding affinity of enzyme and reactant is observed. The transfer of hydride from polyamine to FAD is the rate-limiting step, via an H-shift coupled electron transfer mechanism. The two products are released in a detour stepwise mechanism, which also impacts the enzymatic efficiency. Inspired by these mechanistic insights into enzymatic catalysis, we propose a novel strategy that regulates the polyamine level and catalytic progress through the action of His64. Directly suppressing APAO by mutating His64 further inhibited growth and migration of tumor cells and tumor tissue in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the network connecting microcosmic and macroscopic scales opens up new avenues for designing polyamine compounds and conducting anti-tumor research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
| | - Jihang Zhai
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
| | - Baolin Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago Chicago Illinois 60660 USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Songqiang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
| | - Ruibo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
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Wang Y, Liu S, Zhang W, Zheng L, Li E, Zhu M, Yan D, Shi J, Bao J, Yu J. Development and Evaluation of a Nomogram for Predicting the Outcome of Immune Reconstitution Among HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in China. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300378. [PMID: 37937390 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to develop and evaluate a model to predict the immune reconstitution among HIV/AIDS patients after antiretroviral therapy (ART). A total of 502 HIV/AIDS patients are randomized to the training cohort and evaluation cohort. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis are performed to identify the indicators and establish the nomogram for predicting the immune reconstitution. Decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve (CIC) are used to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the nomogram. Predictive factors included white blood cells (WBC), baseline CD4+ T-cell counts (baseline CD4), ratio of effector regulatory T cells to resting regulatory T cells (eTreg/rTreg) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and are incorporated into the nomogram. The area under the curve (AUC) is 0.812 (95% CI, 0.767∼0.851) and 0.794 (95%CI, 0.719∼0.857) in the training cohort and evaluation cohort, respectively. The calibration curve shows a high consistency between the predicted and actual observations. Moreover, DCA and CIC indicate that the nomogram has a superior net benefit in predicting poor immune reconstitution. A simple-to-use nomogram containing four routinely collected variables is developed and internally evaluated and can be used to predict the poor immune reconstitution in HIV/AIDS patients after ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Institute of Hepatology and Epidemiology, Affiliated Xixi Hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Shourong Liu
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Xixi Hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Xixi Hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Xixi Hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Liping Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Xixi Hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Er Li
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Xixi Hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Mingli Zhu
- Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Dingyan Yan
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Xixi Hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Xixi Hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Jinchuan Shi
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Xixi Hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- Institute of Hepatology and Epidemiology, Affiliated Xixi Hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Xixi Hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
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de Souza HMR, Pereira TTP, de Sá HC, Alves MA, Garrett R, Canuto GAB. Critical Factors in Sample Collection and Preparation for Clinical Metabolomics of Underexplored Biological Specimens. Metabolites 2024; 14:36. [PMID: 38248839 PMCID: PMC10819689 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article compiles critical pre-analytical factors for sample collection and extraction of eight uncommon or underexplored biological specimens (human breast milk, ocular fluids, sebum, seminal plasma, sweat, hair, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid) under the perspective of clinical metabolomics. These samples are interesting for metabolomics studies as they reflect the status of living organisms and can be applied for diagnostic purposes and biomarker discovery. Pre-collection and collection procedures are critical, requiring protocols to be standardized to avoid contamination and bias. Such procedures must consider cleaning the collection area, sample stimulation, diet, and food and drug intake, among other factors that impact the lack of homogeneity of the sample group. Precipitation of proteins and removal of salts and cell debris are the most used sample preparation procedures. This review intends to provide a global view of the practical aspects that most impact results, serving as a starting point for the designing of metabolomic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hygor M. R. de Souza
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, LabMeta—LADETEC, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil;
| | - Tássia T. P. Pereira
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolucao, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Hanna C. de Sá
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil;
| | - Marina A. Alves
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Garrett
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, LabMeta—LADETEC, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital—Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gisele A. B. Canuto
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil;
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Al-Qahtani AA, Alhamlan FS, Al-Qahtani AA. Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins in Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:13. [PMID: 38251210 PMCID: PMC10818686 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukins (ILs) are signaling molecules that are crucial in regulating immune responses during infectious diseases. Pro-inflammatory ILs contribute to the activation and recruitment of immune cells, whereas anti-inflammatory ILs help to suppress excessive inflammation and promote tissue repair. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the role of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory ILs in infectious diseases, with a focus on the mechanisms underlying their effects, their diagnostic and therapeutic potential, and emerging trends in IL-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa A. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatimah S. Alhamlan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ali Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Jenkins E, Whitehead T, Fellermeyer M, Davis SJ, Sharma S. The current state and future of T-cell exhaustion research. Oxf Open Immunol 2023; 4:iqad006. [PMID: 37554723 PMCID: PMC10352049 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
'Exhaustion' is a term used to describe a state of native and redirected T-cell hypo-responsiveness resulting from persistent antigen exposure during chronic viral infections or cancer. Although a well-established phenotype across mice and humans, exhaustion at the molecular level remains poorly defined and inconsistent across the literature. This is, in part, due to an overreliance on surface receptors to define these cells and explain exhaustive behaviours, an incomplete understanding of how exhaustion arises, and a lack of clarity over whether exhaustion is the same across contexts, e.g. chronic viral infections versus cancer. With the development of systems-based genetic approaches such as single-cell RNA-seq and CRISPR screens applied to in vivo data, we are moving closer to a consensus view of exhaustion, although understanding how it arises remains challenging given the difficulty in manipulating the in vivo setting. Accordingly, producing and studying exhausted T-cells ex vivo are burgeoning, allowing experiments to be conducted at scale up and with high throughput. Here, we first review what is currently known about T-cell exhaustion and how it's being studied. We then discuss how improvements in their method of isolation/production and examining the impact of different microenvironmental signals and cell interactions have now become an active area of research. Finally, we discuss what the future holds for the analysis of this physiological condition and, given the diversity of ways in which exhausted cells are now being generated, propose the adoption of a unified approach to clearly defining exhaustion using a set of metabolic-, epigenetic-, transcriptional-, and activation-based phenotypic markers, that we call 'M.E.T.A'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Jenkins
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Toby Whitehead
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Martin Fellermeyer
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Simon J Davis
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sumana Sharma
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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