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Bogner W, Otazo R, Henning A. Accelerated MR spectroscopic imaging-a review of current and emerging techniques. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4314. [PMID: 32399974 PMCID: PMC8244067 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Over more than 30 years in vivo MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has undergone an enormous evolution from theoretical concepts in the early 1980s to the robust imaging technique that it is today. The development of both fast and efficient sampling and reconstruction techniques has played a fundamental role in this process. State-of-the-art MRSI has grown from a slow purely phase-encoded acquisition technique to a method that today combines the benefits of different acceleration techniques. These include shortening of repetition times, spatial-spectral encoding, undersampling of k-space and time domain, and use of spatial-spectral prior knowledge in the reconstruction. In this way in vivo MRSI has considerably advanced in terms of spatial coverage, spatial resolution, acquisition speed, artifact suppression, number of detectable metabolites and quantification precision. Acceleration not only has been the enabling factor in high-resolution whole-brain 1 H-MRSI, but today is also common in non-proton MRSI (31 P, 2 H and 13 C) and applied in many different organs. In this process, MRSI techniques had to constantly adapt, but have also benefitted from the significant increase of magnetic field strength boosting the signal-to-noise ratio along with high gradient fidelity and high-density receive arrays. In combination with recent trends in image reconstruction and much improved computation power, these advances led to a number of novel developments with respect to MRSI acceleration. Today MRSI allows for non-invasive and non-ionizing mapping of the spatial distribution of various metabolites' tissue concentrations in animals or humans, is applied for clinical diagnostics and has been established as an important tool for neuro-scientific and metabolism research. This review highlights the developments of the last five years and puts them into the context of earlier MRSI acceleration techniques. In addition to 1 H-MRSI it also includes other relevant nuclei and is not limited to certain body regions or specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bogner
- High‐Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ricardo Otazo
- Department of Medical PhysicsMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, New YorkUSA
| | - Anke Henning
- Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingenGermany
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
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Prescot AP, Prisciandaro JJ, Miller SR, Ingenito G, Kondo DG, Renshaw PF. Two-Dimensional Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy versus J-Editing for GABA Quantification in Human Brain: Insights from a GABA-Aminotransferase Inhibitor Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13200. [PMID: 30181656 PMCID: PMC6123452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolite-specific, scalar spin-spin coupling constant (J)-editing 1H MRS methods have become gold-standard for measuring brain γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) levels in human brain. Localized, two-dimensional (2D) 1H MRS technology offers an attractive alternative as it significantly alleviates the problem of severe metabolite signal overlap associated with standard 1D MRS and retains spectroscopic information for all MRS-detectable species. However, for metabolites found at low concentration, a direct, in vivo, comprehensive methods comparison is challenging and has not been reported to date. Here, we document an assessment of comparability between 2D 1H MRS and J-editing methods for measuring GABA in human brain. This clinical study is unique in that it involved chronic administration a GABA-amino transferase (AT) inhibitor (CPP-115), which induces substantial increases in brain GABA concentration, with normalization after washout. We report a qualitative and quantitative comparison between these two measurement techniques. In general, GABA concentration changes detected using J-editing were closely mirrored by the 2D 1H MRS time courses. The data presented are particularly encouraging considering recent 2D 1H MRS methodological advances are continuing to improve temporal resolution and spatial coverage for achieving whole-brain, multi-metabolite mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Prescot
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - James J Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas G Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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