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Ji C, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Zhang X, Ma J, Pan Z, Kawaguchi A, Yao H. Systematic Surveillance of an Emerging Picornavirus among Cattle and Sheep in China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0504022. [PMID: 37162348 PMCID: PMC10269770 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05040-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging viruses are a constant threat to human and animal health. Boosepivirus is a novel picornavirus considered a gastrointestinal pathogen and has broken out in recent years. In 2020, we identified a strain of boosepivirus NX20-1 from Chinese calf feces and performed genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis. NX20-1 was closely related to the Japanese strain Bo-12-38/2009/JPN and belonged to Boosepivirus B. We found that 64 of 603 samples (10.6%) from 20 different provinces across the country were positive for boosepivirus by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Further, coinfection with other diarrheal pathogens was also present in 35 of these positive samples. Importantly, we found the prevalence of boosepivirus in sheep as well, indicating that Boosepivirus can infect different domestic animals. Our data suggest that boosepivirus is a potential diarrheal pathogen, but the pathogenicity and the mechanism of pathogenesis need further study. IMPORTANCE We identified a novel picornavirus, boosepivirus, for the first time in China. Genetic evolutionary analysis revealed that NX20-1 strain was closely related to the Japanese strain Bo-12-38/2009/JPN and belonged to Boosepivirus B. In addition, we found that the virus was prevalent in China with an overall positivity rate of 10.6% (64 of 603 samples), and there was significant coinfection with other pathogens. Importantly, we found the prevalence of boosepivirus in sheep as well, suggesting that boosepivirus has a risk of spillover and can be transmitted across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Ji
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqiu Feng
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinqin Zhang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiale Ma
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Huochun Yao
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Kimprasit T, Nunome M, Iida K, Murakami Y, Wong ML, Wu CH, Kobayashi R, Hengjan Y, Takemae H, Yonemitsu K, Kuwata R, Shimoda H, Si L, Sohn JH, Asakawa S, Ichiyanagi K, Maeda K, Oh HS, Mizutani T, Kimura J, Iida A, Hondo E. Dispersal history of Miniopterus fuliginosus bats and their associated viruses in east Asia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244006. [PMID: 33444317 PMCID: PMC7808576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the role of the eastern bent-winged bat (Miniopterus fuliginosus) in the dispersion of bat adenovirus and bat alphacoronavirus in east Asia, considering their gene flows and divergence times (based on deep-sequencing data), using bat fecal guano samples. Bats in China moved to Jeju Island and/or Taiwan in the last 20,000 years via the Korean Peninsula and/or Japan. The phylogenies of host mitochondrial D-loop DNA was not significantly congruent with those of bat adenovirus (m2XY = 0.07, p = 0.08), and bat alphacoronavirus (m2XY = 0.48, p = 0.20). We estimate that the first divergence time of bats carrying bat adenovirus in five caves studied (designated as K1, K2, JJ, N2, and F3) occurred approximately 3.17 million years ago. In contrast, the first divergence time of bat adenovirus among bats in the 5 caves was estimated to be approximately 224.32 years ago. The first divergence time of bats in caves CH, JJ, WY, N2, F1, F2, and F3 harboring bat alphacoronavirus was estimated to be 1.59 million years ago. The first divergence time of bat alphacoronavirus among the 7 caves was estimated to be approximately 2,596.92 years ago. The origin of bat adenovirus remains unclear, whereas our findings suggest that bat alphacoronavirus originated in Japan. Surprisingly, bat adenovirus and bat alphacoronavirus appeared to diverge substantially over the last 100 years, even though our gene-flow data indicate that the eastern bent-winged bat serves as an important natural reservoir of both viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thachawech Kimprasit
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nunome
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Iida
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Min-Liang Wong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yupadee Hengjan
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takemae
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yonemitsu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryusei Kuwata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Lifan Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Joon-Hyuk Sohn
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Susumu Asakawa
- Laboratory of Soil Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Ichiyanagi
- Laboratory of Genome and Epigenome Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hong-Shik Oh
- Institute of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junpei Kimura
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Atsuo Iida
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hondo
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Abstract
Bats are natural reservoirs for potential zoonotic viruses. In this study, next-generation sequencing was performed to obtain entire genome sequences of picornavirus from a picornavirus-positive bat feces sample (16BF77) and to explore novel viruses in a pooled bat sample (16BP) from samples collected in South Korea, 2016. Fourteen mammalian viral sequences were identified from 16BF77 and 29 from 16BP, and verified by RT-PCR. The most abundant virus in 16BF77 was picornavirus. Highly variable picornavirus sequences encoding 3Dpol were classified into genera Kobuvirus, Shanbavirus, and an unassigned group within the family Picornaviridae. Amino acid differences between these partial 3Dpol sequences were ≥ 65.7%. Results showed that one bat was co-infected by picornaviruses of more than two genera. Retrovirus, coronavirus, and rotavirus A sequences also were found in the BP sample. The retrovirus and coronavirus genomes were identified in nine and eight bats, respectively. Korean bat retroviruses and coronavirus demonstrated strong genetic relationships with a Chinese bat retrovirus (RfRV) and coronavirus (HKU5-1), respectively. A co-infection was identified in one bat with a retrovirus and a coronavirus. Our results indicate that Korean bats were multiply infected by several mammal viruses.
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