1
|
Tienaho J, Reshamwala D, Sarjala T, Kilpeläinen P, Liimatainen J, Dou J, Viherä-Aarnio A, Linnakoski R, Marjomäki V, Jyske T. Salix spp. Bark Hot Water Extracts Show Antiviral, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities-The Bioactive Properties of 16 Clones. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:797939. [PMID: 34976988 PMCID: PMC8716786 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.797939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that the bark of Salix L. species (Salicaceae family) is rich in extractives, such as diverse bioactive phenolic compounds. However, we lack knowledge on the bioactive properties of the bark of willow species and clones adapted to the harsh climate conditions of the cool temperate zone. Therefore, the present study aimed to obtain information on the functional profiles of northern willow clones for the use of value-added bioactive solutions. Of the 16 willow clones studied here, 12 were examples of widely distributed native Finnish willow species, including dark-leaved willow (S. myrsinifolia Salisb.) and tea-leaved willow (S. phylicifolia L.) (3 + 4 clones, respectively) and their natural and artificial hybrids (3 + 2 clones, respectively). The four remaining clones were commercial willow varieties from the Swedish willow breeding program. Hot water extraction of bark under mild conditions was carried out. Bioactivity assays were used to screen antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, yeasticidal, and antioxidant activities, as well as the total phenolic content of the extracts. Additionally, we introduce a fast and less labor-intensive steam-debarking method for Salix spp. feedstocks. Clonal variation was observed in the antioxidant properties of the bark extracts of the 16 Salix spp. clones. High antiviral activity against a non-enveloped enterovirus, coxsackievirus A9, was found, with no marked differences in efficacy between the native clones. All the clones also showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, whereas no antifungal (Aspergillus brasiliensis) or yeasticidal (Candida albicans) efficacy was detected. When grouping the clone extract results into Salix myrsinifolia, Salix phylicifolia, native hybrid, artificial hybrid, and commercial clones, there was a significant difference in the activities between S. phylicifolia clone extracts and commercial clone extracts in the favor of S. phylicifolia in the antibacterial and antioxidant tests. In some antioxidant tests, S. phylicifolia clone extracts were also significantly more active than artificial clone extracts. Additionally, S. myrsinifolia clone extracts showed significantly higher activities in some antioxidant tests than commercial clone extracts and artificial clone extracts. Nevertheless, the bark extracts of native Finnish willow clones showed high bioactivity. The obtained knowledge paves the way towards developing high value-added biochemicals and other functional solutions based on willow biorefinery approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Tienaho
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dhanik Reshamwala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tytti Sarjala
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Kilpeläinen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Liimatainen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jinze Dou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anneli Viherä-Aarnio
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Linnakoski
- Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuula Jyske
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sas E, Hennequin LM, Frémont A, Jerbi A, Legault N, Lamontagne J, Fagoaga N, Sarrazin M, Hallett JP, Fennell PS, Barnabé S, Labrecque M, Brereton NJB, Pitre FE. Biorefinery potential of sustainable municipal wastewater treatment using fast-growing willow. Sci Total Environ 2021; 792:148146. [PMID: 34146806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of willow plantations can be a sustainable approach for treating primary municipal wastewater, potentially reducing both the environmental and economic burdens associated with conventional treatment. However, the impact of wastewater irrigation upon the willow biorefinery potential has not yet been established. To investigate this effect, three-year-old field grown willows were harvested from plots kept as either controls or irrigated with primary municipal wastewater effluent at 29.5 million L ha-1 yr-1. Biomass compositional analysis, ionic liquid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification were assessed and differential abundance of persistent extractable phytochemicals was evaluated using untargeted metabolite profiling. Glucan significantly increased by 8% in wastewater treated trees, arabinose and galactose were significantly decreased by 8 and 29%, respectively, while xylose, mannose and lignin content were unaltered. Ionic liquid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification efficiencies did not vary significantly, releasing >95% of the cell wall glucose and recovering 35% of the lignin. From a total of 213 phytochemical features, 83 were significantly depleted and 14 were significantly enriched due to wastewater irrigation, including flavonoids and lignan derivatives. Considered alongside increased biomass yield from wastewater irrigation (+200%), lignocellulosic bioenergy yields increased to 8.87 t glucose ha-1 yr-1 and 1.89 t ha-1 yr-1 recovered lignin, while net extractives yields increased to 1.48 t ha-1 yr-1, including phytochemicals of interest. The maintenance of glucose accessibility after low-cost ionic liquid pretreatment is promising evidence that sustainable lignocellulose bioenergy production can complement wastewater treatment. Untargeted metabolite assessment revealed some of the phytochemical toolkit employed by wastewater irrigated willows, including accumulation of flooding and salinity tolerance associated flavonoids glabraoside A and glabrene. The extractable phytochemicals underpin a novel high biomass phenotype in willow and, alongside lignocellulosic yields, could help enhance the economic feasibility of this clean wastewater treatment biotechnology through integration with sustainable biorefinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Sas
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - L M Hennequin
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Frémont
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - A Jerbi
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - N Legault
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - J Lamontagne
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - N Fagoaga
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Institut de recherche en économie contemporaine (IRÉC), 10555 Avenue de Bois-de-Boulogne, Montreal, QC H4N 1L4, Canada
| | - M Sarrazin
- Collège de Maisonneuve, CÉPROCQ, 6220 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1N 1C1, Canada
| | - J P Hallett
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P S Fennell
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Barnabé
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Département de chimie, biochimie et physique, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - M Labrecque
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - N J B Brereton
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - F E Pitre
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peixoto PA, El Assal M, Chataigner I, Castet F, Cornu A, Coffinier R, Bosset C, Deffieux D, Pouységu L, Quideau S. Bispericyclic Diels–Alder Dimerization of
ortho
‐Quinols in Natural Product (Bio)Synthesis: Bioinspired Chemical 6‐Step Synthesis of (+)‐Maytenone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe A. Peixoto
- Univ. Bordeaux ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255) 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Mourad El Assal
- Univ. Bordeaux ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255) 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Isabelle Chataigner
- Laboratoire COBRA (CNRS-UMR 6014) Normandie Université INSA Rouen UNIROUEN 1 rue Tesnière 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex France
- Present address: Sorbonne Université LCT (CNRS-UMR 7616) 4 place Jussieu 75052 Paris Cedex France
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Univ. Bordeaux ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255) 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Anaëlle Cornu
- Univ. Bordeaux ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255) 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Romain Coffinier
- Univ. Bordeaux ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255) 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Cyril Bosset
- Univ. Bordeaux ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255) 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Denis Deffieux
- Univ. Bordeaux ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255) 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Laurent Pouységu
- Univ. Bordeaux ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255) 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Stéphane Quideau
- Univ. Bordeaux ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255) 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
- Institut Universitaire de France 1 rue Descartes 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peixoto PA, El Assal M, Chataigner I, Castet F, Cornu A, Coffinier R, Bosset C, Deffieux D, Pouységu L, Quideau S. Bispericyclic Diels-Alder Dimerization of ortho-Quinols in Natural Product (Bio)Synthesis: Bioinspired Chemical 6-Step Synthesis of (+)-Maytenone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14967-14974. [PMID: 33851775 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many natural products of plant or microbial origins are derived from enzymatic dearomative oxygenation of 2-alkylphenolic precursors into 6-alkyl-6-hydroxycyclohexa-2,4-dienones. These so-called ortho-quinols cyclodimerize via a remarkably selective bispericyclic Diels-Alder reaction. Whether or not the intervention of catalytic or dirigent proteins is involved during this final step of the biosynthesis of these natural products, this cyclodimerization of ortho-quinols can be chemically reproduced in the laboratory with the same strict level of site-specific regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. This unique yet unified process, which finds its rationale in the inherent chemical reactivity of those ortho-quinols, is illustrated herein by an efficient and bioinspired first chemical synthesis of one of the most structurally complex and synthetically challenging examples of such natural cyclodimers, the bisditerpenoid (+)-maytenone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe A Peixoto
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Mourad El Assal
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Chataigner
- Laboratoire COBRA (CNRS-UMR 6014), Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.,Present address: Sorbonne Université, LCT (CNRS-UMR 7616), 4 place Jussieu, 75052, Paris Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Anaëlle Cornu
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Romain Coffinier
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Bosset
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Denis Deffieux
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Pouységu
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Quideau
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kulasekaran S, Cerezo-Medina S, Harflett C, Lomax C, de Jong F, Rendour A, Ruvo G, Hanley SJ, Beale MH, Ward JL. A willow UDP-glycosyltransferase involved in salicinoid biosynthesis. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:1634-1648. [PMID: 33249501 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The salicinoids are phenolic glycosides that are characteristic secondary metabolites of the Salicaceae, particularly willows and poplars. Despite the well-known pharmacology of salicin, that led to the development of aspirin >100 years ago, the biosynthetic pathways leading to salicinoids have yet to be defined. Here, we describe the identification, cloning, and biochemical characterization of SpUGT71L2 and SpUGT71L3-isozymic glycosyltransferases from Salix purpurea-that function in the glucosylation of ortho-substituted phenols. The best substrate in vitro was salicyl-7-benzoate. Its product, salicyl-7-benzoate glucoside, was shown to be endogenous in poplar and willow. Together they are inferred to be early intermediates in the biosynthesis of salicortin and related metabolites in planta. The role of this UDP-glycosyltransferase was confirmed via the metabolomic analysis of transgenic plants produced by RNAi knockdown of the poplar orthologue (UGT71L1) in the hybrid clone Populus tremula×P. alba, INRA 717-1B4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kulasekaran
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sergio Cerezo-Medina
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Claudia Harflett
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Charlotte Lomax
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Femke de Jong
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Amelie Rendour
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Gianluca Ruvo
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Steven J Hanley
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Michael H Beale
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jane L Ward
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|