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Wu X, Yang Y. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and fibrotic diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112085. [PMID: 38626550 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis, a common cause and serious outcome of organ failure that can affect any organ, is responsible for up to 45% of all deaths in various clinical settings. Both preclinical models and clinical trials investigating various organ systems have shown that fibrosis is a highly dynamic process. Although many studies have sought to gain understanding of the mechanism of fibrosis progression, their findings have been mixed. In recent years, increasing evidence indicates that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in many inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and participate in the regulation of fibrotic processes in various organs and systems. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of NETs in fibrosis development and progression and their possibility as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Wu
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Xu X, Xu S, Zhang Y, Wang L, Yan C, Xu Z, Zhao Q, Qi X. Neutrophil extracellular traps formation may be involved in the association of propranolol with the development of portal vein thrombosis. Thromb Res 2024; 238:208-221. [PMID: 38733693 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonselective β blockers (NSBBs) facilitate the development of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in liver cirrhosis. Considering the potential effect of NSBBs on neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), we speculated that NSBBs might promote the development of PVT by stimulating neutrophils to release NETs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum NETs biomarkers were measured, use of NSBBs was recorded, and PVT was evaluated in cirrhotic patients. Carbon tetrachloride and ferric chloride (FeCl3) were used to induce liver fibrosis and PVT in mice, respectively. After treatment with propranolol and DNase I, neutrophils in peripheral blood, colocalization and expression of NETs in PVT specimens, and NETs biomarkers in serum were measured. Ex vivo clots lysis analysis was performed and portal vein velocity and coagulation parameters were tested. RESULTS Serum MPO-DNA level was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients treated with NSBBs, and serum H3Cit and MPO-DNA levels were significantly higher in those with PVT. In fibrotic mice, following treatment with propranolol, DNase I significantly shortened the time of FeCl3-induced PVT formation, lowered the peripheral blood neutrophils labelled by CD11b/Ly6G, inhibited the positive staining of H3Cit and the expression of H3Cit and MPO proteins in PVT tissues, and reduced serum nucleosome level. Furthermore, the addition of DNase I to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) significantly accelerated clots lysis as compared with tPA alone. Propranolol reduced portal vein velocity in fibrotic mice, but did not influence coagulation parameters. CONCLUSION Our study provides a clue to the potential impact of NETs formation on the association of NSBBs with the development of PVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shixue Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiyan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute of PLA, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zihua Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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Pastrovic F, Novak R, Grgurevic I, Hrkac S, Salai G, Zarak M, Grgurevic L. Serum proteomic profiling of patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease with and without clinically significant portal hypertension. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301416. [PMID: 38603681 PMCID: PMC11008873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Portal hypertension (PH) drives the progression of liver cirrhosis to decompensation and death. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement is the standard of PH quantification, and HVPG≥10 mmHg defines clinically significant PH (CSPH). We performed proteomics-based serum profiling to search for a proteomic signature of CSPH in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive patients with histologically confirmed cACLD and results of HVPG measurements were prospectively included. Serum samples were pooled according to the presence/absence of CSPH and analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed, followed by comprehensive literature review for proteins identified with the most striking difference between the groups. RESULTS We included 48 patients (30 with, and 18 without CSPH). Protein CD44, involved in the inflammatory response, vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1), both involved in lymphangiogenesis were found solely in the CSPH group. Although identified in both groups, proteins involved in neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation, as well as tenascin C, autotaxin and nephronectin which mediate vascular contractility and lymphangiogenesis were more abundant in CSPH. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We propose that altered inflammatory response, including NET formation, vascular contractility and formation of new lymph vessels are key steps in PH development. Proteins such as CD44, VEGF-C, LYVE-1, tenascin C, Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, Nephronectin, Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein, Autotaxin, Myeloperoxidase and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-like protein 4 might be considered for further validation as potential therapeutic targets and candidate biomarkers of CSPH in cACLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frane Pastrovic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, Laboratory for Liver Diseases and Portal Hypertension, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rudjer Novak
- Department of Proteomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Biomedical Research Center Salata, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Grgurevic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, Laboratory for Liver Diseases and Portal Hypertension, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stela Hrkac
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Grgur Salai
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Zarak
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lovorka Grgurevic
- Department of Proteomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Biomedical Research Center Salata, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, ˝Drago Perovic˝, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Balazs I, Stelzer M, Traub J, Horvath A, Feldbacher N, Stadlbauer V. Primary sarcopenia is associated with elevated spontaneous NET formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1347495. [PMID: 38505257 PMCID: PMC10948394 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1347495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sarcopenia is a frequent complication of liver cirrhosis, but it can also occur independently as a result of any underlying cause. The immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both liver cirrhosis and sarcopenia. Neutrophil function, including neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, is linked to chronic inflammation; however, it has not been extensively studied in patients with sarcopenia. Here, we aim to study if main neutrophil functions, such as phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and NET formation, are altered in patients with sarcopenia with or without liver cirrhosis. Methods: Neutrophils from 92 patients (52 patients with liver cirrhosis and sarcopenia, 25 patients with liver cirrhosis without sarcopenia, and 15 patients with sarcopenia without liver cirrhosis) and 10 healthy controls were isolated and stimulated with heat-inactivated E. coli (250 bacteria/cell), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (100 nM), or incubation medium in duplicates for 2 h at 37°C. Cells were fixed with paraformaldehyde and stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Pictures of 10 random fields of vision per slide were taken with an Olympus BX51 fluorescence microscope (Olympus, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan) at 600x total magnification. The DNA Area and NETosis Analysis (DANA) algorithm was used to quantify the percentage of NET formation per patient. Phagocytosis and ROS production were assessed with the PhagotestTM kit and PhagoburstTM kit (Glycotope, Heidelberg, Germany) in 92 patients and 21 healthy controls, respectively. Results: Spontaneous NET formation was significantly elevated in patients with only sarcopenia compared to patients with cirrhosis and sarcopenia (p = 0.008) and healthy controls (p = 0.039). NET formation in response to PMA was significantly decreased in patients with cirrhosis (p = 0.007), cirrhosis and sarcopenia (p < 0.001), and sarcopenia (p = 0.002) compared to healthy controls. There was no significant difference in NET formation in response to E. coli between the groups. The DANA algorithm was successfully optimized and validated for assessment of clinical samples. There were no significant changes in neutrophil phagocytosis between patients' groups compared to healthy controls. A significantly lower percentage of neutrophils produced ROS in response to N-formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF) in patients compared to healthy controls. Discussion: Spontaneous NET formation might contribute to chronic inflammation and sarcopenia pathogenesis. This, however, does not result in the impairment of the NET formation function of neutrophils in response to a bacterial stimulus and, therefore, cannot be not linked with the increased risk of bacterial infections neither in sarcopenia nor in cirrhosis. The semi-automated NET formation analysis can be successfully implemented to analyze the vast amount of data generated within clinical studies. This approach opens up the possibilities to develop an NET formation-based biomarker in different diseases including sarcopenia and implement NET formation analysis into clinical settings. Phagocytosis and ROS production were not affected in patients with sarcopenia. Further research is needed to explore the mechanism of NET formation in patients with sarcopenia and its potential as a biomarker in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balazs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Stelzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Traub
- Department of Clinical Medical Nutrition, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Horvath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Feldbacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Vanessa Stadlbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
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Tsoneva DK, Ivanov MN, Vinciguerra M. Liquid Liver Biopsy for Disease Diagnosis and Prognosis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1520-1541. [PMID: 38161500 PMCID: PMC10752811 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are a major burden worldwide, the scope of which is expected to further grow in the upcoming years. Clinically relevant liver dysfunction-related blood markers such as alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase have limited accuracy. Nowadays, liver biopsy remains the gold standard for several liver-related pathologies, posing a risk of complication due to its invasive nature. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive approach, which has shown substantial potential in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of liver diseases by detecting disease-associated particles such as proteins and RNA molecules in biological fluids. Histones are the core components of the nucleosomes, regulating essential cellular processes, including gene expression and DNA repair. Following cell death or activation of immune cells, histones are released in the extracellular space and can be detected in circulation. Histones are stable in circulation, have a long half-life, and retain their post-translational modifications. Here, we provide an overview of the current research on histone-mediated liquid biopsy methods for liver diseases, with a focus on the most common detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desislava K. Tsoneva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Transplantology, Research Institute, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Martin N. Ivanov
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Transplantology, Research Institute, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Transplantology, Research Institute, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
- Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Zhu W, Fan C, Dong S, Li X, Chen H, Zhou W. Neutrophil extracellular traps regulating tumorimmunity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253964. [PMID: 38173719 PMCID: PMC10764195 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As a component of the innate immune system, there is emerging evidence to suggest that neutrophils may play a critical role in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like chromatin structures that protrude from the membranes during neutrophil activation. Recent research has shown that NETs, which are at the forefront of the renewed interest in neutrophil studies, are increasingly intertwined with HCC. By exploring the mechanisms of NETs in HCC, we aim to improve our understanding of the role of NETs and gain deeper insights into neutrophil biology. Therefore, this article provides a summary of key findings and discusses the emerging field of NETs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chuanlei Fan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shi Dong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haofei Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wence Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Lee H, Kim TS, Gu JY, Yu MR, Lee SE, Kim ES, Kim HK. Value of circulating neutrophil elastase for detecting recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e230400. [PMID: 37909732 PMCID: PMC10692691 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective The inflammatory microenvironment has been implicated in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Inflammatory stimuli induce the release of components of neutrophils into extracellular space, leading to formation of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET), which can stimulate growth and progression of cancer. Generation of activated factor XII and thrombin is also involved in cancer progression. This study attempted to determine whether the level of circulating markers of NET, activated factor XII, and endogenous thrombin potential may be useful for detecting the recurrence of DTC. Methods A total of 122 patients with DTC were recruited during the postoperative follow-up period. Measurement of the levels of circulating markers of NET (neutrophil elastase, histone-DNA complex, cell-free dsDNA), activated factor XII, and endogenous thrombin potential was performed. Results A significantly elevated level of neutrophil elastase was detected in patients with recurrence (n = 12) compared to those without recurrence (n = 110), while significant elevation of the levels of other markers was not observed. The value for area under the curve (0.717, P = 0.018) of neutrophil elastase for detecting recurrence of DTC was superior to that (0.661, P = 0.051) of serum thyroglobulin. An elevated level of neutrophil elastase was significantly associated with recurrence of DTC independent of serum thyroglobulin. Conclusions Because an elevated level of neutrophil elastase was detected in patients with recurrence of DTC and showed a significant association with recurrence of DTC, it can be proposed as a novel biomarker for use in detecting recurrence of DTC along with other tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Shin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Yoon Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wu Q, Wang P, Peng Q, Kang Z, Deng Y, Li J, Chen Y, Li J, Ge F. Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor G2 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Serves as a Neutrophil-Related Prognostic Biomarker. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16986. [PMID: 38069309 PMCID: PMC10707058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2 (ADGRG2) is an orphan adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), which performs a tumor-promoting role in certain cancers; however, it has not been systematically investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study, we utilized multiple databases to analyze the expression and diagnostic and prognostic value of ADGRG2 in HCC and its correlation with immune infiltration and inflammatory factors. The function and upstream regulatory miRNA of ADGRG2 were validated through qPCR, Western blot, CCK8, wound healing, and dual luciferase assays. It turned out that ADGRG2 was significantly higher in HCC and had a poor survival rate, especially in AFP ≤ 400 ng/mL subgroups. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that ADGRG2 may be involved in cancer pathways and immune-related pathways. In vitro, siRNA-mediated ADGRG2 silencing could inhibit the proliferation and migration of Huh7 and HepG2 cells. There was a highly significant positive correlation between ADGRG2 and neutrophils. Moreover, NET-related genes were filtered and confirmed, such as ENO1 and S100A9. Meanwhile, the high expression of ADGRG2 was also accompanied by the highest number of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors and good immunotherapy efficacy. Finally, AGDGR2 may be sensitive to two drugs (PIK-93 and NPK76-II-72-1) and can be targeted by miR-326. In conclusion, ADGRG2 may serve as a novel biomarker and drug target for HCC diagnosis, immunotherapy, and prognosis and was related to neutrophils and the inflammatory process of liver cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Qihang Peng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zhongcui Kang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yiting Deng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;
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Fa P, Ke BG, Dupre A, Tsung A, Zhang H. The implication of neutrophil extracellular traps in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292679. [PMID: 38022519 PMCID: PMC10652891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an expanding worldwide health concern, and the underlying mechanisms contributing to its progression still need further exploration. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are intricate formations comprised of nuclear constituents and diverse antimicrobial granules that are released into the extracellular milieu by activated neutrophils upon various triggers, which play a pivotal part in the onset and advancement of NAFLD. NETs actively participate in the genesis of NAFLD by fostering oxidative stress and inflammation, ultimately resulting in hepatic fat accumulation and the escalation of liver injury. Recent insights into the interaction with other hepatic immune populations and mediators, such as macrophages and T regulatory cells, have revealed several important mechanisms that can trigger further liver injury. In conclusion, the formation of NETs emerged as an important factor in the development of NAFLD, offering a promising target for innovative therapeutic approaches against this debilitating condition. This comprehensive review seeks to compile existing studies exploring the involvement of NETs in the genesis of NAFLD and their influence on the immune response throughout the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyan Fa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Benjamin G. Ke
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Abigail Dupre
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Hongji Zhang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Balazs I, Stadlbauer V. Circulating neutrophil anti-pathogen dysfunction in cirrhosis. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100871. [PMID: 37822786 PMCID: PMC10562928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the largest population of leucocytes and are among the first cells of the innate immune system to fight against intruding pathogens. In patients with cirrhosis, neutrophils exhibit altered functionality, including changes in phagocytic ability, bacterial killing, chemotaxis, degranulation, reactive oxygen species production and NET (neutrophil extracellular trap) formation. This results in their inability to mount an adequate antibacterial response and protect the individual from infection. Prognosis and survival in patients with cirrhosis are greatly influenced by the development of infectious complications. Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis are currently a growing problem worldwide; therefore, alternative methods for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections in cirrhosis are urgently needed. The prevention and treatment of neutrophil dysfunction could be a potential way to protect patients from bacterial infections. However, the reasons for changes in neutrophil function in cirrhosis are still not completely understood, which limits the development of efficient therapeutic strategies. Both cellular and serum factors have been proposed to contribute to the functional impairment of neutrophils. Herein, we review the current knowledge on features and proposed causes of neutrophil dysfunction in cirrhosis, with a focus on current knowledge gaps and limitations, as well as opportunities for future investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balazs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Vanessa Stadlbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
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Modestino L, Cristinziano L, Poto R, Ventrici A, Trocchia M, Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Paparo SR, Marone G, Antonelli A, Varricchi G, Galdiero MR. Neutrophil extracellular traps and neutrophil-related mediators in human thyroid cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1167404. [PMID: 37705974 PMCID: PMC10495767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1167404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the main effector cells in inflammatory responses and play multiple roles in thyroid cancer (TC). PMNs contain and release a plethora of mediators, including granular enzymes [e.g., myeloperoxidase (MPO), pentraxin-3 (PTX3) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)], and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The aim of this study was to evaluate NETs and neutrophil-derived mediators as possible biomarkers in TC patients. Methods 20 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), 26 patients with dedifferentiated thyroid cancer (De-DTC), 26 patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Serum concentrations of free DNA (dsDNA), nucleosomes, citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) and MPO-DNA complexes were evaluated as NET biomarkers. Neutrophil-related mediators such as MPO, PTX3, MMP-9, CXCL8, and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were measured by ELISA. Results Serum levels of all four NET biomarkers were increased in DeDTC patients compared to HCs. CitH3 serum levels were selectively increased in both DeDTC and DTC patients compared to HCs and MNG patients. MPO-DNA complexes and nucleosomes were selectively increased only in DeDTC patients compared to HCs and MNG patients. Moreover, MPO-DNA complexes were selectively increased in DeDTC patients compared to DTC patients also. MPO circulating levels were selectively increased in the DeDTC patient subgroup compared to HCs. Circulating levels of PTX3, MMP-9 and GM-CSF were increased in DTC and DeDTC patients compared to HCs. Nucleosomes positively correlated with dsDNA, CitH3, MPO and CXCL8. MPO-DNA complexes positively correlated with dsDNA, CitH3, CXCL8, MPO and nucleosome levels. Moreover, three out of the four NET biomarkers (i.e., dsDNA, nucleosomes and MPO-DNA complexes) were increased in elderly patients compared to young patients and in patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis compared to non metastatic patients. Nucleosomes were higher in males compared to females. Conclusion MPO-DNA complexes, nucleosomes and, to some extent, CitH3 levels seem to correlate with malignancy and severity of progressive TC. Moreover, serum concentrations of PMN-related mediators (MPO, PTX3, GM-CSF) were increased in TCs compared to MNG and HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annagioia Ventrici
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Trocchia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rosaria Paparo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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12
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Rautou PE, Caldwell SH, Villa E. Bleeding and Thrombotic Complications in Patients With Cirrhosis: A State-of-the-Art Appraisal. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:2110-2123. [PMID: 37121529 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Much has evolved over the past 25 years regarding our understanding of the coagulopathy of liver disease. Paradoxically, this form of coagulopathy is relatively hypercoagulability despite the common clinical impression of a hemorrhagic tendency. The latter is largely driven by portal-mesenteric venous pressure (ie, portal hypertension) and has little to do with hemostatic pathways. It cannot be emphasized enough that the INR does not offer a meaningful measure in this situation and may lead to interventions such as fresh frozen plasma that can actually worsen portal pressure and hence pressure-driven bleeding. With regard to procedure-related bleeding, we point out substantial differences in the definition of high-risk procedures and propose a new operational definition dependent on the applicability of local hemostatic measures, although this requires further investigation. The common occurrence of venous thrombosis in these patients requires careful consideration of hemostatic pathways and overall risk and benefit of intervention. The decision regarding anticoagulation therapy needs to be driven not only by a global assessment including history of non-portal hypertensive-related bleeding, but also by fall risk which can result in head trauma in patients prone to encephalopathy. This is probably best estimated by frailty but has yet to be adequately investigated. In the background of these concerns, several superimposed and complex conditions including infections and renal dysfunction should be taken into account. Inherited forms of thrombophilia in the setting of cirrhosis perhaps do not outweigh the thrombophilia inherent to liver disease but warrant further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou
- Université Paris-Cité, Inserm, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, UMR 1149, Paris, France; Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, DMU DIGEST, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires du Foie, FILFOIE, ERN RARE-LIVER, Clichy, France
| | - Stephen H Caldwell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
| | - Erica Villa
- Gastroenterology Unit, CHIMOMO Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; IRCCS Saverio de Bellis, Castellana Grotte, Italy
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13
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Wang S, Chen L, Shi X, Wang Y, Xu S. Polystyrene microplastics-induced macrophage extracellular traps contributes to liver fibrotic injury by activating ROS/TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling axis. Environ Pollut 2023; 324:121388. [PMID: 36871749 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are a type of emerging pollutant, posing a great threat to human and animal health. While recent studies have revealed the link between MPs exposure and liver injury of organisms, the effect of particle size on the level of MPs-induced hepatotoxicity and the intrinsic mechanism remain to be explored. Here, we established a mouse model exposed to two-diameter polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs, 1-10 μm or 50-100 μm) for 30 days. The in vivo results revealed that PS-MPs caused liver fibrotic injury in mice, accompanied with macrophages recruitment and macrophage extracellular traps (METs) formation, which were negatively correlated with particle size. The data in vitro showed that PS-MPs treatment could induce macrophages to release METs in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent manner, and the METs formation level caused by large-size particles was higher than small-size particles. Further mechanistic analysis of a cell co-culture system revealed that PS-MPs-induced METs release led to a hepatocellular inflammatory response and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via activating the ROS/TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling axis, and this biological crosstalk could be relieved by DNase I. Overall, this findings demonstrates the key role of the action mechanism of METs in aggravating MPs-caused liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, PR China
| | - Xu Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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14
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Chen M, Li L, Chai Y, Yang Y, Ma S, Pu X, Chen Y. Vitamin D can ameliorate premature ovarian failure by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33417. [PMID: 37000081 PMCID: PMC10063315 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of premature ovarian failure (POF) is mainly related to inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy; however, its specific pathogenesis has not been clarified. Vitamin D (VD), a fat-soluble vitamin, is an essential steroid hormone in the human body. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are meshwork structures that are formed when neutrophils are stimulated by inflammation and other factors and are closely associated with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Notably, VD inhibits NET formation and intervenes in the development of POF in terms of inflammatory and immune responses, oxidative stress, and tissue fibrosis. Therefore, this study aimed to theorize the relationship between NETs, VD, and POF and provide new ideas and targets for the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Chen
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lailai Li
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yihui Chai
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Sibu Ma
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiang Pu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yunzhi Chen
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
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15
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Castaño M, Tomás-Pérez S, González-Cantó E, Aghababyan C, Mascarós-Martínez A, Santonja N, Herreros-Pomares A, Oto J, Medina P, Götte M, Mc Cormack BA, Marí-Alexandre J, Gilabert-Estellés J. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Cancer: Trapping Our Attention with Their Involvement in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065995. [PMID: 36983067 PMCID: PMC10056926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, play a well-known role in defense against pathogens through phagocytosis and degranulation. However, a new mechanism involving the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) composed of DNA, histones, calprotectin, myeloperoxidase, and elastase, among others, has been described. The so-called NETosis process can occur through three different mechanisms: suicidal, vital, and mitochondrial NETosis. Apart from their role in immune defense, neutrophils and NETs have been involved in physiopathological conditions, highlighting immunothrombosis and cancer. Notably, neutrophils can either promote or inhibit tumor growth in the tumor microenvironment depending on cytokine signaling and epigenetic modifications. Several neutrophils' pro-tumor strategies involving NETs have been documented, including pre-metastatic niche formation, increased survival, inhibition of the immune response, and resistance to oncologic therapies. In this review, we focus on ovarian cancer (OC), which remains the second most incidental but the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, partly due to the presence of metastasis, often omental, at diagnosis and the resistance to treatment. We deepen the state-of-the-art on the participation of NETs in OC metastasis establishment and progression and their involvement in resistance to chemo-, immuno-, and radiotherapies. Finally, we review the current literature on NETs in OC as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers, and their contribution to disease progression at early and advanced stages. The panoramic view provided in this article might pave the way for enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve the prognosis of cancer patients and, specifically, OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Castaño
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarai Tomás-Pérez
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva González-Cantó
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Aghababyan
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Mascarós-Martínez
- Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Santonja
- Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Julia Oto
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Pilar Medina
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bárbara Andrea Mc Cormack
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep Marí-Alexandre
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Gilabert-Estellés
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
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16
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Zhong W, Wang Q, Shen X, Du J. The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: from lab to ward. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1163802. [PMID: 37188184 PMCID: PMC10175598 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1163802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures derived from neutrophils, which typically consist of DNA, released from the nucleus or mitochondria, and decorated with histones and granule proteins. They are well known as an important structure in innate immunity to eliminate pathogenic bacteria, similar to neutrophils. Initially, NETs are reported to take part in the progression of inflammatory diseases; now, they have also been implicated in the progression of sterile inflammation such as autoimmune disease, diabetes, and cancer. In this review, we will describe the recent studies which have investigated the role of NETs in the development of cancer, especially metastasis. We also prescribe the strategies for targeting NETs in the multiple cancer types, which suggest that NETs are a promising treatment for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhong
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Junfeng Du, ; Xiaofei Shen,
| | - Junfeng Du
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Department of General Surgery, The 1st Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, The 7th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junfeng Du, ; Xiaofei Shen,
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17
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Liu Y, Yan P, Bin Y, Qin X, Wu Z. Neutrophil extracellular traps and complications of liver transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054753. [PMID: 36466888 PMCID: PMC9712194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many end-stage liver disease etiologies are attributed to robust inflammatory cell recruitment. Neutrophils play an important role in inflammatory infiltration and neutrophil phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and degranulation. It has also been suggested that neutrophils may release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to kill pathogens. It has been proven that neutrophil infiltration within the liver contributes to an inflammatory microenvironment and immune cell activation. Growing evidence implies that NETs are involved in the progression of numerous complications of liver transplantation, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute rejection, thrombosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. NETs are discussed in this comprehensive review, focusing on their effects on liver transplantation complications. Furthermore, we discuss NETs as potential targets for liver transplantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Bin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qin
- Department of General Surgery and Trauma Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongjun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Mal’tseva VN, Gudkov SV, Turovsky EA. Modulation of the Functional State of Mouse Neutrophils by Selenium Nanoparticles In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13651. [PMID: 36362436 PMCID: PMC9655531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to discover the immunomodulatory effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on the functional state of neutrophils in vivo. Intraperitoneal injections of SeNPs (size 100 nm) 2.5 mg/kg/daily to BALB/c mice for a duration of 7-28 days led to the development of an inflammatory reaction, which was registered by a significant increase in the number of neutrophils released from the peritoneal cavity, as well as their activated state, without additional effects. At the same time, subcutaneous injections of the same SeNPs preparations at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 mg/kg, on the contrary, modulated the functional state of neutrophils depending on the concentration and duration of SeNPs administration. With the use of fluorescence spectroscopy, chemiluminescence, biochemical methods, and PCR analysis, it was found that subcutaneous administration of SeNPs (0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 mg/kg) to mice for a short period of time (7-14 days) leads to modification of important neutrophil functions (adhesion, the number of migrating cells into the peritoneal cell cavity, ROS production, and NET formation). The obtained results indicated the immunostimulatory and antioxidant effects of SeNPs in vivo during short-term administration, while the most pronounced immunomodulatory effects of SeNPs were observed with the introduction of a low concentration of SeNPs (0.1 mg/kg). Increase in the administration time of SeNPs (0.1 mg/kg or 2.5 mg/kg) up to 28 days led to a decrease in the adhesive abilities of neutrophils and suppression of the expression of mRNA of adhesive molecules, as well as proteins involved in the generation of ROS, with the exception of NOX2; there was a tendency to suppress gene expression pro-inflammatory factors, which indicates the possible manifestation of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of SeNPs during their long-term administration. Changes in the expression of selenoproteins also had features depending on the concentration and duration of the administered SeNPs. Selenoprotein P, selenoprotein M, selenoprotein S, selenoprotein K, and selenoprotein T were the most sensitive to the introduction of SeNPs into the mouse organism, which indicates their participation in maintaining the functional status of neutrophils, and possibly mediated the immunomodulatory effect of SeNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina N. Mal’tseva
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilove St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor A. Turovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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19
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Al Mowafy EAE, Shawkat SA. Quantitation of neutrophil extra cellular traps (NETs) in liver cirrhosis patients and their relation to the incidence of different complications. Egypt Liver Journal 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-022-00220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Backgrounds and aim
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been shown to play an important role in inflammatory and thrombotic processes. Investigating the presence of NETs in liver cirrhosis to detect any contribution to occurrence of complications may help predict or prevent those complications.
Methods
Among 78 cirrhotic patients, the serum NETs level was measured using ELISA and compared to different etiologies of liver cirrhosis (Viral, HCC, Bilharzial, NASH, cardiac cirrhosis and undetermined etiology) as well as markers of inflammation and complications in those patients.
Results
We found that NETs are substantially found in LCF and have a significant relation to malignant portal vein thrombosis but not other studied complications or etiology of liver cirrhosis.
Conclusion
NETs however found in liver cirrhosis patients may not play as a significant role in occurrence of complications as thought. So, NETs cannot be reliably used as a biomarker or predictor for occurrence of thrombosis in liver cirrhosis patients.
Lay summary
Liver cirrhosis patients have many factors at play that lead to development of thrombosis. NETS may play a role with the development of malignant thrombosis in those patients. Further evaluation for their level and action should be studied before considering NETs as a key player in development of complications.
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Zhang Z, Zhu Q, Wang S, Shi C. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and suppresses the migration and invasion of colon cancer cells by regulating STAT3/CXCL8 pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:887-898. [PMID: 36112238 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract. Tea catechin exerts anti-tumor effects in colon cancer. This work aimed to determine the functions of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), one of the main active components of Tea catechins, in the progression of colon cancer. In this work, enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay, quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting was utilized to examine the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, STAT3, p-STAT3 and CXCL8 in colon cancer patients and healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly increased in the peripheral blood of colon cancer patients, and the expression of STAT3, p-STAT3 and CXCL8 was elevated in the neutrophils derived from colon cancer patients. Moreover, neutrophils were treated with phorbol ester (PMA) or DNase I to induce or impede the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Both STAT3 overexpression and PMA treatment promoted the expression of CXCL8, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit) in the colon cancer-derived neutrophils, indicating that STAT3 overexpression facilitated the formation of NETs. STAT3 deficiency suppressed the formation of NETs, which consistent with the results of DNase I treatment. Transwell assay was utilized to detect the migration and invasion of colon cancer cell line SW480. EGCG treatment suppressed the formation of NETs and the expression of STAT3 and CXCL8 in the colon cancer-derived neutrophils, and then inhibited the migration and invasion of SW480 cells. In conclusion, this work demonstrated that EGCG inhibited the formation of NETs and subsequent suppressed the migration and invasion of colon cancer cells by regulating STAT3/CXCL8 signalling pathway. Thus, this study suggests that EGCG may become a potential drug for colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Gaoxin Branch Of The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, No.7889, Changdong avenue, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuli Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Gaoxin Branch Of The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Siya Wang
- Department of Oncology, Gaoxin Branch Of The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, No.7889, Changdong avenue, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shi
- Department of Oncology, Gaoxin Branch Of The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, No.7889, Changdong avenue, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Hu W, Lee SML, Bazhin AV, Guba M, Werner J, Nieß H. Neutrophil extracellular traps facilitate cancer metastasis: cellular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2191-2210. [PMID: 36050539 PMCID: PMC9436160 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was initially discovered as a novel immune response against pathogens. Recent studies have also suggested that NETs play an important role in tumor progression. This review summarizes the cellular mechanisms by which NETs promote distant metastasis and discusses the possible clinical applications targeting NETs. Method The relevant literature from PubMed and Google Scholar (2001–2021) have been reviewed for this article. Results The presence of NETs has been detected in various primary tumors and metastatic sites. NET-associated interactions have been observed throughout the different stages of metastasis, including initial tumor cell detachment, intravasation and extravasation, the survival of circulating tumor cells, the settlement and the growth of metastatic tumor cells. Several in vitro and in vivo studies proved that inhibiting NET formation resulted in anti-cancer effects. The biosafety and efficacy of some NET inhibitors have also been demonstrated in early phase clinical trials. Conclusions Considering the role of NETs in tumor progression, NETs could be a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for cancer management. However, current evidence is mostly derived from experimental models and as such more clinical studies are still needed to verify the clinical significance of NETs in oncological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Hu
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Serene M L Lee
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Guba
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanno Nieß
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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22
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Abstract
NETs are chromatin-derived webs extruded from neutrophils as a result of either infection or sterile stimulation using chemicals, cytokines, or microbes. In addition to the classical role that NETs play in innate immunity against infection and injuries, NETs have been implicated extensively in cancer progression, metastatic dissemination, and therapy resistance. The purpose of this review is to describe recent investigations into NETs and the roles they play in tumor biology and to explore their potential as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University/The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Junjie Zhao, ; Jiaqi Jin,
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Junjie Zhao, ; Jiaqi Jin,
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23
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Zanetto A, Campello E, Pelizzaro F, Farinati F, Burra P, Simioni P, Senzolo M. Haemostatic alterations in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: laboratory evidence and clinical implications. Liver Int 2022; 42:1229-1240. [PMID: 35129286 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Venous thrombosis is a frequent complication in cancer and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and it is associated with preexisting cirrhosis in 90% of cases. Patients with cirrhosis acquire complex alterations in their haemostatic system that may predispose them to bleed or thrombotic complications. There is growing evidence that HCC may tilt the haemostatic equilibrium in cirrhosis towards hypercoagulability, thus increasing the risk of venous thrombosis. Previously described mechanisms of HCC-driven thrombophilia include thrombocytosis and increased platelet activation/function, increased fibrinogen concentration/polymerization, enhanced thrombin generation, hypofibrinolysis, and release of tissue factor-expressing microvesicles. Nevertheless, there are currently no specific guidelines on risk stratification and management of thromboprophylaxis in patients with cirrhosis and HCC. Our review endeavours to summarize the latest findings on epidemiology, risk factors and pathogenesis of non-malignant venous thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis and HCC, and provide evidence in support of tailored management of thrombotic risk in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zanetto
- Gastroenterology/Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Campello
- General Internal Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Pelizzaro
- Gastroenterology/Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Farinati
- Gastroenterology/Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Gastroenterology/Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Simioni
- General Internal Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Senzolo
- Gastroenterology/Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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24
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Wei X, Wang H, Gu K. The regulatory mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer biological behavior. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:193. [PMID: 34758877 PMCID: PMC8579641 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As the predominant host defense against pathogens, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have attracted increasing attention due to their vital roles in infectious inflammation in the past few years. Interestingly, NETs also play important roles in noninfectious conditions, such as rheumatism and cancer. The process of NETs formation can be regulated and the form of cell death accompanied by the formation of NETs is regarded as "NETosis". A large amount of evidence has confirmed that many stimuli can facilitate the release of NETs from neutrophils. Furthermore, it has been illustrated that NETs promote tumor growth and progression via many molecular pathways. Meanwhile, NETs also can promote metastasis in many kinds of cancers based on multiple studies. In addition, some researchs have found that NETs can promote coagulation and cancer-associated thrombosis. In the present review, it will highlight how NETosis, which is stimulated by various stimuli and signaling pathways, affects cancer biological behaviors via NETs. Given their crucial roles in cancer, NETs will become possible therapeutic targets for inhibiting proliferation, metastasis and thrombosis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianling Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kangsheng Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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