1
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Yang SH, Kim J, Lee TG, Park M, Son HY, Joo CG, Shim JH, Lee Y, Huh YM. Background free in vivo29Si MR imaging with hyperpolarized PEGylated silicon nanoparticles. Analyst 2023; 148:5355-5360. [PMID: 37750298 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01395b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the potential of 50 nm PEGylated Si NPs for high-resolution in vivo29Si MR imaging, emphasizing their biocompatibility and water dispersibility. The acquisition of in vivo Si MR images using the lowest reported dose after subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration opens new avenues for future 29Si MR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mirae Park
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Young Son
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Gyu Joo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Shim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngbok Lee
- Department of Bionano Technology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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2
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Kim J, Heo I, Luu QS, Nguyen QT, Do UT, Whiting N, Yang SH, Huh YM, Min SJ, Shim JH, Yoo WC, Lee Y. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of Selectively 29Si-Enriched Core@shell Silica Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2023; 95:907-916. [PMID: 36514301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
29Si silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are promising magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes that possess advantageous properties for in vivo applications, including suitable biocompatibility, tailorable properties, and high water dispersibility. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is used to enhance 29Si MR signals via enhanced nuclear spin alignment; to date, there has been limited success employing DNP for SiO2 NPs due to the lack of endogenous electronic defects that are required for the process. To create opportunities for SiO2-based 29Si MRI probes, we synthesized variously featured SiO2 NPs with selective 29Si isotope enrichment on homogeneous and core@shell structures (shell thickness: 10 nm, core size: 40 nm), and identified the critical factors for optimal DNP signal enhancement as well as the effective hyperpolarization depth when using an exogenous radical. Based on the synthetic design, this critical factor is the proportion of 29Si in the shell layer regardless of core enrichment. Furthermore, the effective depth of hyperpolarization is less than 10 nm between the surface and core, which demonstrates an approximately 40% elongated diffusion length for the shell-enriched NPs compared to the natural abundance NPs. This improved regulation of surface properties facilitates the development of isotopically enriched SiO2 NPs as hyperpolarized contrast agents for in vivo MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
| | - Incheol Heo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
| | - Quy Son Luu
- Department of Bionano Technology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
| | - Quynh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
| | - Uyen Thi Do
- Department of Bionano Technology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey08028, United States
| | - Seung-Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Nanomedical Science and Technology, Nanomedical National Core Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea.,YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, South Korea
| | - Sun-Joon Min
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Shim
- Quantum Magnetic Imaging Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon34113, South Korea.,Department of Applied Measurement Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon34113, South Korea
| | - Won Cheol Yoo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
| | - Youngbok Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan15588, South Korea
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3
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Himmler A, Albannay MM, von Witte G, Kozerke S, Ernst M. Electroplated waveguides to enhance DNP and EPR spectra of silicon and diamond particles. Magn Reson (Gott) 2022; 3:203-209. [PMID: 37904872 PMCID: PMC10539804 DOI: 10.5194/mr-3-203-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Electroplating the waveguide of a 7 T polarizer in a simple innovative way increased microwave power delivered to the sample by 3.1 dB. Silicon particles, while interesting for hyperpolarized MRI applications, are challenging to polarize due to inefficient microwave multipliers at the electron Larmor frequency at high magnetic fields and fast electronic relaxation times. Improving microwave transmission directly translates to more efficient EPR excitation at high-field, low-temperature conditions and promises faster and higher 29 Si polarization buildup through dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Himmler
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Zurich 8093,
Switzerland
| | - Mohammed M. Albannay
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Zurich 8093,
Switzerland
- University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering,
Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Gevin von Witte
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Zurich 8093,
Switzerland
- University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering,
Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- University and ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering,
Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Ernst
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Zurich 8093,
Switzerland
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4
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Phelan MF, Tiryaki ME, Lazovic J, Gilbert H, Sitti M. Heat-Mitigated Design and Lorentz Force-Based Steering of an MRI-Driven Microcatheter toward Minimally Invasive Surgery. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2105352. [PMID: 35112810 PMCID: PMC8981448 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Catheters integrated with microcoils for electromagnetic steering under the high, uniform magnetic field within magnetic resonance (MR) scanners (3-7 Tesla) have enabled an alternative approach for active catheter operations. Achieving larger ranges of tip motion for Lorentz force-based steering have previously been dependent on using high power coupled with active cooling, bulkier catheter designs, or introducing additional microcoil sets along the catheter. This work proposes an alternative approach using a heat-mitigated design and actuation strategy for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-driven microcatheter. A quad-configuration microcoil (QCM) design is introduced, allowing miniaturization of existing MRI-driven, Lorentz force-based catheters down to 1-mm diameters with minimal power consumption (0.44 W). Heating concerns are experimentally validated using noninvasive MRI thermometry. The Cosserat model is implemented within an MR scanner and results demonstrate a desired tip range up to 110° with 4° error. The QCM is used to validate the proposed model and power-optimized steering algorithm using an MRI-compatible neurovascular phantom and ex vivo kidney tissue. The power-optimized tip orientation controller conserves as much as 25% power regardless of the catheter's initial orientation. These results demonstrate the implementation of an MRI-driven, electromagnetic catheter steering platform for minimally invasive surgical applications without the need for camera feedback or manual advancement via guidewires. The incorporation of such system in clinics using the proposed design and actuation strategy can further improve the safety and reliability of future MRI-driven active catheter operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Francis Phelan
- Physical Intelligence DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems70569StuttgartGermany
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Mehmet Efe Tiryaki
- Physical Intelligence DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems70569StuttgartGermany
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Jelena Lazovic
- Physical Intelligence DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems70569StuttgartGermany
| | - Hunter Gilbert
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70803USA
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems70569StuttgartGermany
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15213USA
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
- College of Engineering and School of MedicineKoç UniversityIstanbul34450Turkey
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5
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McCowan CV, Salmon D, Hu J, Pudakalakatti S, Whiting N, Davis JS, Carson DD, Zacharias NM, Bhattacharya PK, Farach-Carson MC. Post-Acquisition Hyperpolarized 29Silicon Magnetic Resonance Image Processing for Visualization of Colorectal Lesions Using a User-Friendly Graphical Interface. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030610. [PMID: 35328163 PMCID: PMC8947341 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical imaging devices often use automated processing that creates and displays a self-normalized image. When improperly executed, normalization can misrepresent information or result in an inaccurate analysis. In the case of diagnostic imaging, a false positive in the absence of disease, or a negative finding when disease is present, can produce a detrimental experience for the patient and diminish their health prospects and prognosis. In many clinical settings, a medical technical specialist is trained to operate an imaging device without sufficient background information or understanding of the fundamental theory and processes involved in image creation and signal processing. Here, we describe a user-friendly image processing algorithm that mitigates user bias and allows for true signal to be distinguished from background. For proof-of-principle, we used antibody-targeted molecular imaging of colorectal cancer (CRC) in a mouse model, expressing human MUC1 at tumor sites. Lesion detection was performed using targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of hyperpolarized silicon particles. Resulting images containing high background and artifacts were then subjected to individualized image post-processing and comparative analysis. Post-acquisition image processing allowed for co-registration of the targeted silicon signal with the anatomical proton magnetic resonance (MR) image. This new methodology allows users to calibrate a set of images, acquired with MRI, and reliably locate CRC tumors in the lower gastrointestinal tract of living mice. The method is expected to be generally useful for distinguishing true signal from background for other cancer types, improving the reliability of diagnostic MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin V. McCowan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (C.V.M.); (D.S.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Duncan Salmon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (C.V.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Jingzhe Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.P.); (N.W.); (P.K.B.)
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.P.); (N.W.); (P.K.B.)
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.P.); (N.W.); (P.K.B.)
| | - Jennifer S. Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Daniel D. Carson
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
| | - Niki M. Zacharias
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Pratip K. Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.P.); (N.W.); (P.K.B.)
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-486-4438
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6
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Qian J, Wen H, Tamarov K, Xu W, Lehto VP. Recent developments of porous silicon nanovectors with various imaging modalities in the framework of theranostics. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200004. [PMID: 35212460 PMCID: PMC9314675 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The number of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies on porous silicon (PSi) nanoparticles for biomedical applications has increased extensively over the last decade. The focus of the reports has been on the carrier properties of PSi concerning the therapeutic aspect due to several beneficial nanovector characteristics including high payload capacity, biocompatibility, and versatile surface chemistry. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the diagnostic aspects of PSi, which is typically attributed to the biotraceability of the nanovector. Also, PSi has been studied as a contrast agent. When both these aspects, therapy and diagnosis, are integrated into one nanovector, we can discuss a real nanotheranostics approach. Herein, we review the recent progress developing PSi for various imaging modalities, specifically focusing on optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear medicine imaging. Furthermore, we summarized the knowledge gaps that must be covered before applying PSi in clinical imaging, highlighting future research trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- University of Eastern Finland - Kuopio Campus: Ita-Suomen yliopisto - Kuopion kampus, Applied Physics, Yliopistonranta 1, 70211, KUOPIO, FINLAND
| | - Huang Wen
- University of Eastern Finland - Kuopio Campus: Ita-Suomen yliopisto - Kuopion kampus, Applied Physics, Yliopistonranta 1, Melania 112-3, KUOPIO, 70211, KUOPIO, FINLAND
| | - Konstantin Tamarov
- University of Eastern Finland - Kuopio Campus: Ita-Suomen yliopisto - Kuopion kampus, Applied Physics, FINLAND
| | - Wujun Xu
- University of Eastern Finland - Kuopio Campus: Ita-Suomen yliopisto - Kuopion kampus, Applied Physics, FINLAND
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, FINLAND
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7
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Kim J, Jo D, Yang SH, Joo CG, Whiting N, Pudakalakatti S, Seo H, Son HY, Min SJ, Bhattacharya P, Huh YM, Shim JH, Lee Y. 29Si Isotope-Enriched Silicon Nanoparticles for an Efficient Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probe. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:56923-56930. [PMID: 34793118 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silicon particles have garnered attention as promising biomedical probes for hyperpolarized 29Si magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. However, due to the limited levels of hyperpolarization for nanosized silicon particles, microscale silicon particles have primarily been the focus of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) applications, including in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To address these current challenges, we developed a facile synthetic method for partially 29Si-enriched porous silicon nanoparticles (NPs) (160 nm) and examined their usability in hyperpolarized 29Si MRI agents with enhanced signals in spectroscopy and imaging. Hyperpolarization characteristics, such as the build-up constant, the depolarization time (T1), and the overall enhancement of the 29Si-enriched silicon NPs (10 and 15%), were thoroughly investigated and compared with those of a naturally abundant NP (4.7%). During optimal DNP conditions, the 15% enriched silicon NPs showed more than 16-fold higher enhancements─far beyond the enrichment ratio─than the naturally abundant sample, further improving the signal-to-noise ratio in in vivo 29Si MRI. The 29Si-enriched porous silicon NPs used in this work are potentially capable to serve as drug-delivery vehicles in addition to hyperpolarized 29Si in vivo, further enabling their potential future applicability as a theragnostic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Donghyuk Jo
- Department of Bionano Technology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Nanomedical Science and Technology, Nanomedical National Core Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Chan-Gyu Joo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Hyeonglim Seo
- Department of Bionano Technology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Son
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Sun-Joon Min
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Shim
- Quantum Magnetic Imaging Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Youngbok Lee
- Department of Bionano Technology, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
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8
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Lin M, Breukels V, Scheenen TWJ, Paulusse JMJ. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of Silicon Carbide Micro- and Nanoparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:30835-30843. [PMID: 34170657 PMCID: PMC8289227 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two dominant crystalline phases of silicon carbide (SiC): α-SiC and β-SiC, differing in size and chemical composition, were investigated regarding their potential for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). 29Si nuclei in α-SiC micro- and nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 650 nm to 2.2 μm and minimal oxidation were successfully hyperpolarized without the use of free radicals, while β-SiC samples did not display appreciable degrees of polarization under the same polarization conditions. Long T1 relaxation times in α-SiC of up to 1600 s (∼27 min) were recorded for the 29Si nuclei after 1 h of polarization at a temperature of 4 K. Interestingly, these promising α-SiC particles allowed for direct hyperpolarization of both 29Si and 13C nuclei, resulting in comparably strong signal amplifications. Moreover, the T1 relaxation time of 13C nuclei in 750 nm-sized α-SiC particles was over 33 min, which far exceeds T1 times of conventional 13C DNP probes with values in the order of 1-2 min. The present work demonstrates the feasibility of DNP on SiC micro- and nanoparticles and highlights their potential as hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- Department
of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Breukels
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical
Center, Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W. J. Scheenen
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical
Center, Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos M. J. Paulusse
- Department
of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen,
P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Pudakalakatti S, Enriquez JS, McCowan C, Ramezani S, Davis JS, Zacharias NM, Bourgeois D, Constantinou PE, Harrington DA, Carson D, Farach-Carson MC, Bhattacharya PK. Hyperpolarized MRI with silicon micro and nanoparticles: Principles and applications. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2021; 13:e1722. [PMID: 33982426 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Silicon-based micro and nanoparticles are ideally suited for use as biomedical imaging agents because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and simple surface chemistry that facilitates drug loading and targeting. A method to hyperpolarize silicon particles using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), which increases magnetic resonance (MR) imaging signals by several orders-of-magnitude through enhanced nuclear spin alignment, was developed to allow silicon particles to function as contrast agents for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. In this review, we describe the application of the DNP technique to silicon particles and nanoparticles for background-free real-time molecular MR imaging. This review provides a summary of the state-of-the-science in silicon particle hyperpolarization with a detailed protocol for hyperpolarizing silicon particles. This information will foster awareness and spur interest in this emerging area of nanoimaging and provide a path to new developments and discoveries to further advance the field. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - José S Enriquez
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Caitlin McCowan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Saleh Ramezani
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer S Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Niki M Zacharias
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dontrey Bourgeois
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pamela E Constantinou
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.,Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Carson
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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10
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Fomin VM, Timoshenko VY. Spin-Dependent Phenomena in Semiconductor Micro-and Nanoparticles—From Fundamentals to Applications. Applied Sciences 2020; 10:4992. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present overview of spin-dependent phenomena in nonmagnetic semiconductor microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) with interacting nuclear and electron spins is aimed at covering a gap between the basic properties of spin behavior in solid-state systems and a tremendous growth of the experimental results on biomedical applications of those particles. The first part of the review represents modern achievements of spin-dependent phenomena in the bulk semiconductors from the theory of optical spin orientation under indirect optical injection of carriers and spins in the bulk crystalline silicon (c-Si)—via numerous insightful findings in the realm of characterization and control through the spin polarization—to the design and verification of nuclear spin hyperpolarization in semiconductor MPs and NPs for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostics. The second part of the review is focused on the electron spin-dependent phenomena in Si-based nanostructures, including the photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen in porous Si and design of Si NPs with unpaired electron spins as prospective contrast agents in MRI. The experimental results are analyzed by considering both the quantum mechanical approach and several phenomenological models for the spin behavior in semiconductor/molecular systems. Advancements and perspectives of the biomedical applications of spin-dependent properties of Si NPs for diagnostics and therapy of cancer are discussed.
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Li X, Perotti LE, Martinez JA, Duarte-Vogel SM, Ennis DB, Wu HH. Real-time 3T MRI-guided cardiovascular catheterization in a porcine model using a glass-fiber epoxy-based guidewire. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229711. [PMID: 32102092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising alternative to X-ray fluoroscopy for guiding cardiovascular catheterization procedures. Major challenges, however, include the lack of guidewires that are compatible with the MRI environment, not susceptible to radiofrequency-induced heating, and reliably visualized. Preclinical evaluation of new guidewire designs has been conducted at 1.5T. Here we further evaluate the safety (device heating), device visualization, and procedural feasibility of 3T MRI-guided cardiovascular catheterization using a novel MRI-visible glass-fiber epoxy-based guidewire in phantoms and porcine models. METHODS To evaluate device safety, guidewire tip heating (GTH) was measured in phantom experiments with different combinations of catheters and guidewires. In vivo cardiovascular catheterization procedures were performed in both healthy (N = 5) and infarcted (N = 5) porcine models under real-time 3T MRI guidance using a glass-fiber epoxy-based guidewire. The times for each procedural step were recorded separately. Guidewire visualization was assessed by measuring the dimensions of the guidewire-induced signal void and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between the guidewire tip signal void and the blood signal in real-time gradient-echo MRI (specific absorption rate [SAR] = 0.04 W/kg). RESULTS In the phantom experiments, GTH did not exceed 0.35°C when using the real-time gradient-echo sequence (SAR = 0.04 W/kg), demonstrating the safety of the glass-fiber epoxy-based guidewire at 3T. The catheter was successfully placed in the left ventricle (LV) under real-time MRI for all five healthy subjects and three out of five infarcted subjects. Signal void dimensions and CNR values showed consistent visualization of the glass-fiber epoxy-based guidewire in real-time MRI. The average time (minutes:seconds) for the catheterization procedure in all subjects was 4:32, although the procedure time varied depending on the subject's specific anatomy (standard deviation = 4:41). CONCLUSIONS Real-time 3T MRI-guided cardiovascular catheterization using a new MRI-visible glass-fiber epoxy-based guidewire is feasible in terms of visualization and guidewire navigation, and safe in terms of radiofrequency-induced guidewire tip heating.
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Seo H, Choi I, Whiting N, Hu J, Luu QS, Pudakalakatti S, McCowan C, Kim Y, Zacharias N, Lee S, Bhattacharya P, Lee Y. Hyperpolarized Porous Silicon Nanoparticles: Potential Theragnostic Material for29Si Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2143-2147. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonglim Seo
- Department of Bionano Technology; Hanyang University; Ansan 15588 South Korea
| | - Ikjang Choi
- Department of Bionano Technology; Hanyang University; Ansan 15588 South Korea
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX 77030 USA
- Current address: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences; Rowan University; Glassboro, New Jersey 08028 USA
| | - Jingzhe Hu
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Quy Son Luu
- Department of Bionano Technology; Hanyang University; Ansan 15588 South Korea
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Caitlin McCowan
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Yaewon Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University College Station; TX 77843 USA
| | - Niki Zacharias
- Department of Urology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Nanochemistry; Gachon University; Seongnam 13120 South Korea
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Youngbok Lee
- Department of Bionano Technology; Hanyang University; Ansan 15588 South Korea
- Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering; Hanyang University; Ansan 15588 South Korea
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Kwiatkowski G, Jähnig F, Steinhauser J, Wespi P, Ernst M, Kozerke S. Nanometer size silicon particles for hyperpolarized MRI. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7946. [PMID: 28801662 PMCID: PMC5554256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized silicon particles have been shown to exhibit long spin-lattice relaxation times at room temperature, making them interesting as novel MRI probes. Demonstrations of hyperpolarized silicon particle imaging have focused on large micron size particles (average particle size (APS) = 2.2 μm) as they have, to date, demonstrated much larger polarizations than nanoparticles. We show that also much smaller silicon-29 particles (APS = 55 ± 12 nm) can be hyperpolarized with superior properties. A maximum polarization of 12.6% in the solid state is reported with a spin-lattice relaxation time of 42 min at room temperature thereby opening a new window for MRI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kwiatkowski
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Jähnig
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Steinhauser
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Wespi
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Whiting N, Hu J, Zacharias NM, Lokesh GLR, Volk DE, Menter DG, Rupaimoole R, Previs R, Sood AK, Bhattacharya P. Developing hyperpolarized silicon particles for in vivo MRI targeting of ovarian cancer. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2016; 3:036001. [PMID: 27547777 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.3.3.036001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon-based nanoparticles are ideally suited for use as biomedical imaging agents due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and simple surface chemistry that facilitates drug loading and targeting. A method of hyperpolarizing silicon particles using dynamic nuclear polarization, which increases magnetic resonance imaging signals by several orders-of-magnitude through enhanced nuclear spin alignment, has recently been developed to allow silicon particles to function as contrast agents for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. The enhanced spin polarization of silicon lasts significantly longer than other hyperpolarized agents (tens of minutes, whereas [Formula: see text] for other species at room temperature), allowing a wide range of potential applications. We report our recent characterizations of hyperpolarized silicon particles, with the ultimate goal of targeted, noninvasive, and nonradioactive molecular imaging of various cancer systems. A variety of particle sizes (20 nm to [Formula: see text]) were found to have hyperpolarized relaxation times ranging from [Formula: see text] to 50 min. The addition of various functional groups to the particle surface had no effect on the hyperpolarization buildup or decay rates and allowed in vivo imaging over long time scales. Additional in vivo studies examined a variety of particle administration routes in mice, including intraperitoneal injection, rectal enema, and oral gavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Whiting
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jingzhe Hu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States; Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 770005-1892, United States
| | - Niki M Zacharias
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ganesh L R Lokesh
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Department of NanoMedicine and Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Molecular Medicine, 7000 Fannin, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - David E Volk
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Department of NanoMedicine and Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Molecular Medicine, 7000 Fannin, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - David G Menter
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Rajesha Rupaimoole
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Rebecca Previs
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Anil K Sood
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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Castets CR, Lefrançois W, Wecker D, Ribot EJ, Trotier AJ, Thiaudière E, Franconi JM, Miraux S. Fast 3D ultrashort echo-time spiral projection imaging using golden-angle: A flexible protocol for in vivo mouse imaging at high magnetic field. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:1831-1840. [PMID: 27170060 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a fast three-dimensional (3D) k-space encoding method based on spiral projection imaging (SPI) with an interleaved golden-angle approach and to validate this novel sequence on small animal models. METHODS A disk-like trajectory, in which each disk contained spirals, was developed. The 3D encoding was performed by tilting the disks with a golden angle. The sharpness was first calculated at different T2* values. Then, the sharpness was measured on phantom using variable undersampling ratios. Finally, the sampling method was validated by whole brain time-of-flight angiography and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) enhanced free-breathing liver angiography on mouse. RESULTS The in vitro results demonstrated the robustness of the method for short T2* and high undersampling ratios. In vivo experiments showed the ability to properly detect small vessels in the brain with an acquisition time shorter than 1 min. Free-breathing mice liver angiography showed the insensitivity of this protocol toward motions and flow artifacts, and enabled the visualization of liver motion during breathing. CONCLUSIONS The method implemented here allowed fast 3D k-space sampling with a high undersampling ratio. Combining the advantages of center-out spirals with the flexibility of the golden angle approach could have major implications for real-time imaging. Magn Reson Med 77:1831-1840, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Castets
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - William Lefrançois
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Emeline J Ribot
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélien J Trotier
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Thiaudière
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Michel Franconi
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvain Miraux
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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