1
|
Abstract
Chemoprevention refers to the use of natural or synthetic agents to reverse, suppress, or prevent the progression or recurrence of cancer. A large body of preclinical and clinical data suggest the ability of aspirin to prevent precursor lesions and cancers, but much of the clinical data are inferential and based on descriptive epidemiology, case control, and cohort studies or studies designed to answer other questions (e.g., cardiovascular mortality). Multiple pharmacological, clinical, and epidemiologic studies suggest that aspirin can prevent certain cancers but may also cause other effects depending on the tissue or disease and organ site in question. The best-known biological targets of aspirin are cyclooxygenases, which drive a wide variety of functions, including hemostasis, inflammation, and immune modulation. Newly recognized molecular and cellular interactions suggest additional modifiable functional targets, and the existence of consensus molecular cancer subtypes suggests that aspirin may have differential effects based on tumor heterogeneity. This review focuses on new pharmacological developments and innovations in biopharmacology that clarify the potential role of aspirin in cancer chemoprevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert S Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Davis JS, Chavez JC, Kok M, Miguel YS, Lee HY, Henderson H, Overman MJ, Morris VK, Kee B, Fogelman D, Advani SM, Johnson B, Parseghian C, Shen JP, Dasari A, Shaw KR, Vilar E, Raghav KP, Shureiqi I, Wolff RA, Meric-Bernstam F, Maru D, Menter DG, Kopetz S, Chang S. Abstract A023: Influence of pre-diagnosis obesity and post-diagnosis aspirin use on survival from stage IV colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.crc22-a023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The relationship between obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcome is poorly understood in late-stage patients. Increased body mass may negate aspirin use for cancer prevention, but the influence of body mass index (BMI) on post-diagnosis aspirin use is unclear. This study aims to evaluate impacts of pre-diagnosis BMI and post-diagnosis aspirin use on overall survival in late-stage CRC patients on the Assessment of Targeted Therapies Against Colorectal Cancer (ATTACC) clinical protocol. Methods: Patients with metastatic or treatment refractory disease were consented on the ATTACC protocol at MD Anderson Cancer Center and invited to complete a survey on risk factors relevant to CRC etiology. Using survey data, BMI was calculated from the decade prior to initial CRC diagnosis for 656 patients. Survival was measured from stage IV diagnosis until death or last follow-up. Cox Proportional Hazards models were constructed to estimate associations of pre-diagnosis obesity and post-diagnosis aspirin use with overall survival. Results: Controlling for age, sex, race, stage at initial diagnosis, and weight change between pre-diagnosis and survey date, patients with pre-diagnosis obesity had significantly higher likelihood of death (HR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.91) compared to those with normal pre-diagnosis BMI. Further, only patients with normal weight pre-diagnosis experienced a survival benefit with post-diagnosis aspirin use (HR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.90). Conclusions: Our findings suggest potentially differential tumor development resulting from the long-term physiologic host environment, here obesity. Confirmation and further evaluation are needed to determine whether pre-diagnosis BMI may predict benefit from post-diagnosis aspirin use.
Citation Format: Jennifer S. Davis, Janelle C. Chavez, Melissa Kok, Yazmin San Miguel, Hwa Young Lee, Henry Henderson, Michael J. Overman, Van Karlyle Morris, Bryan Kee, David Fogelman, Shailesh M. Advani, Benny Johnson, Christine Parseghian, John Paul Shen, Arvind Dasari, Kenna R. Shaw, Eduardo Vilar, Kanwal P. Raghav, Imad Shureiqi, Robert A. Wolff, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Dipen Maru, David G. Menter, Scott Kopetz, Shine Chang. Influence of pre-diagnosis obesity and post-diagnosis aspirin use on survival from stage IV colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer; 2022 Oct 1-4; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(23 Suppl_1):Abstract nr A023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa Kok
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Hwa Young Lee
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Henry Henderson
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Bryan Kee
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David Fogelman
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Benny Johnson
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - John Paul Shen
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Arvind Dasari
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kenna R. Shaw
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Imad Shureiqi
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Robert A. Wolff
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Dipen Maru
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David G. Menter
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Scott Kopetz
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shine Chang
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Davis JS, Chavez JC, Kok M, San Miguel Y, Lee HY, Henderson H, Overman MJ, Morris V, Kee B, Fogelman D, Advani SM, Johnson B, Parseghian C, Shen JP, Dasari A, Shaw KR, Vilar E, Raghav KP, Shureiqi I, Wolff RA, Meric-Bernstam F, Maru D, Menter DG, Kopetz S, Chang S. Association of Prediagnosis Obesity and Postdiagnosis Aspirin With Survival From Stage IV Colorectal Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2236357. [PMID: 36239938 PMCID: PMC9568800 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The potential relationship between obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcome is poorly understood in patients with late-stage disease. Increased body mass index may negate aspirin use for cancer prevention, but its role as a factor on the effectiveness of postdiagnosis aspirin use is unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate how prediagnosis obesity and postdiagnosis aspirin use may be associated with overall survival in patients with late-stage colorectal cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study used self-reported data from patients with metastatic or treatment-refractory disease who consented to a clinical protocol at MD Anderson Cancer Center, a large US cancer treatment center. Patients were enrolled between 2010 and 2018 and followed up for mortality through July 2020. Analyses were conducted through March 2022. EXPOSURES Body mass index in the decade prior to initial diagnosis and regular aspirin use at survey completion. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Overall survival was measured from stage IV diagnosis until death or last follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to estimate associations of prediagnosis obesity and postdiagnosis aspirin use with overall survival. RESULTS Of 656 patients included in this analysis, 280 (42.7%) were women, 135 (20.6%) were diagnosed with CRC before age 45 years, 414 (63.1%) were diagnosed between ages 45 and 65 years, and 107 (16.3%) were diagnosed at 65 years or older; 105 patients (16.0%) were Black or Hispanic, and 501 (76.4%) were non-Hispanic White. Controlling for age, sex, race, stage at initial diagnosis, and weight change between prediagnosis and survey date, patients with obesity in the decade prior to CRC diagnosis had significantly higher likelihood of death (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.11-1.91) compared with those with normal prediagnosis body mass index. Furthermore, only patients with normal prediagnosis body mass index experienced significant survival benefit with postdiagnosis aspirin use (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39-0.90). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cross-sectional study, our findings suggest potentially differential tumor development in the long-term physiologic host environment of obesity. Confirmation and further evaluation are needed to determine whether prediagnosis body mass index may be used to estimate the benefit from postdiagnosis aspirin use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Now with Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Janelle C. Chavez
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Department of Cancer Prevention Research Training Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Now with Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Melissa Kok
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Department of Cancer Prevention Research Training Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Now with Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yazmin San Miguel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Department of Cancer Prevention Research Training Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Now with Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hwa Young Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Department of Cancer Prevention Research Training Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Henry Henderson
- Department of Cancer Prevention Research Training Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Now with Foundation Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael J. Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Van Morris
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Bryan Kee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - David Fogelman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Now with Merck & Co, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shailesh M. Advani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Now with Terasaki Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benny Johnson
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Christine Parseghian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - John Paul Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Arvind Dasari
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Kenna R. Shaw
- Department of Sheikh Khalifa Nahyan Ben Zayed Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Kanwal P. Raghav
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Imad Shureiqi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Now with Department of Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Robert A. Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Dipen Maru
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - David G. Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Shine Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Department of Cancer Prevention Research Training Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kanikarla Marie P, Sorokin AV, Bitner LA, Aden R, Lam M, Manyam G, Woods MN, Anderson A, Capasso A, Fowlkes N, Overman MJ, Menter DG, Kopetz S. Autologous humanized mouse models to study combination and single-agent immunotherapy for colorectal cancer patient-derived xenografts. Front Oncol 2022; 12:994333. [PMID: 36212401 PMCID: PMC9532947 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.994333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing studies of immunotherapy is limited due to a lack of pre-clinical models that reliably predict effective immunotherapy responses. To address this gap, we developed humanized mouse models of colorectal cancer (CRC) incorporating patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Humanized mice with CRC PDXs were generated via engraftment of autologous (isolated from the same patients as the PDXs) or allogeneic (isolated from healthy donors) PBMCs. Human T cells were detected in mouse blood, tissues, and infiltrated the implanted PDXs. The inclusion of anti-PD-1 therapy revealed that tumor responses in autologous but not allogeneic models were more comparable to that of patients. An overall non-specific graft-vs-tumor effect occurred in allogeneic models and negatively correlated with that seen in patients. In contrast, autologous humanized mice more accurately correlated with treatment outcomes by engaging pre-existing tumor specific T-cell populations. As autologous T cells appear to be the major drivers of tumor response thus, autologous humanized mice may serve as models at predicting treatment outcomes in pre-clinical settings for therapies reliant on pre-existing tumor specific T-cell populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kanikarla Marie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexey V. Sorokin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lea A. Bitner
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rebecca Aden
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael Lam
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ganiraju Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Melanie N. Woods
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amanda Anderson
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Oncology, The University of Texas Health Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Natalie Fowlkes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael J. Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David G. Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Scott Kopetz,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sorokin AV, Kanikarla Marie P, Bitner L, Syed M, Woods M, Manyam G, Kwong LN, Johnson B, Morris VK, Jones P, Menter DG, Lee MS, Kopetz S. Targeting RAS Mutant Colorectal Cancer with Dual Inhibition of MEK and CDK4/6. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3335-3344. [PMID: 35913398 PMCID: PMC9478530 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
KRAS and NRAS mutations occur in 45% of colorectal cancers, with combined MAPK pathway and CDK4/6 inhibition identified as a potential therapeutic strategy. In the current study, this combinatorial treatment approach was evaluated in a co-clinical trial in patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and safety was established in a clinical trial of binimetinib and palbociclib in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with RAS mutations. Across 18 PDX models undergoing dual inhibition of MEK and CDK4/6, 60% of tumors regressed, meeting the co-clinical trial primary endpoint. Prolonged duration of response occurred predominantly in TP53 wild-type models. Clinical evaluation of binimetinib and palbociclib in a safety lead-in confirmed safety and provided preliminary evidence of activity. Prolonged treatment in PDX models resulted in feedback activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and acquired resistance, which was reversed with a SHP2 inhibitor. These results highlight the clinical potential of this combination in colorectal cancer, along with the utility of PDX-based co-clinical trial platforms for drug development. SIGNIFICANCE This co-clinical trial of combined MEK-CDK4/6 inhibition in RAS mutant colorectal cancer demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in patient-derived xenografts and safety in patients, identifies biomarkers of response, and uncovers targetable mechanisms of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Sorokin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Preeti Kanikarla Marie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lea Bitner
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Muddassir Syed
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Melanie Woods
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ganiraju Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lawrence N. Kwong
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Benny Johnson
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Van K. Morris
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David G. Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael S. Lee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Corvigno S, Johnson AM, Wong KK, Cho MS, Afshar-Kharghan V, Menter DG, Sood AK. Novel Markers for Liquid Biopsies in Cancer Management: Circulating Platelets and Extracellular Vesicles. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1067-1075. [PMID: 35545008 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although radiologic imaging and histologic assessment of tumor tissues are classic approaches for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response, they have many limitations. These include challenges in distinguishing benign from malignant masses, difficult access to the tumor, high cost of the procedures, and tumor heterogeneity. In this setting, liquid biopsy has emerged as a potential alternative for both diagnostic and monitoring purposes. The approaches to liquid biopsy include cell-free DNA/circulating tumor DNA, long and micro noncoding RNAs, proteins/peptides, carbohydrates/lectins, lipids, and metabolites. Other approaches include detection and analysis of circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, and tumor-activated platelets. Ultimately, reliable use of liquid biopsies requires bioinformatics and statistical integration of multiple datasets to achieve approval in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments setting. This review provides a balanced and critical assessment of recent discoveries regarding tumor-derived biomarkers in liquid biopsies along with the potential and pitfalls for cancer detection and longitudinal monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Corvigno
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anna Maria Johnson
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kwong-Kwok Wong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Soon Cho
- Division of Internal Medicine, Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li X, Dowling EK, Yan G, Dereli Z, Bozorgui B, Imanirad P, Elnaggar JH, Luna A, Menter DG, Pilié PG, Yap TA, Kopetz S, Sander C, Korkut A. Precision combination therapies based on recurrent oncogenic co-alterations. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1542-1559. [PMID: 35412613 PMCID: PMC9524464 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells depend on multiple driver alterations whose oncogenic effects can be suppressed by drug combinations. Here, we provide a comprehensive resource of precision combination therapies tailored to oncogenic co-alterations that are recurrent across patient cohorts. To generate the resource, we developed Recurrent Features Leveraged for Combination Therapy (REFLECT), which integrates machine learning and cancer informatics algorithms. Using multi-omic data, the method maps recurrent co-alteration signatures in patient cohorts to combination therapies. We validated the REFLECT pipeline using data from patient-derived xenografts, in vitro drug screens, and a combination therapy clinical trial. These validations demonstrate that REFLECT-selected combination therapies have significantly improved efficacy, synergy, and survival outcomes. In patient cohorts with immunotherapy response markers, DNA repair aberrations, and HER2 activation, we have identified therapeutically actionable and recurrent co-alteration signatures. REFLECT provides a resource and framework to design combination therapies tailored to tumor cohorts in data-driven clinical trials and pre-clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xubin Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Gonghong Yan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zeynep Dereli
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Behnaz Bozorgui
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Parisa Imanirad
- Department of Systems Biology, and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacob H. Elnaggar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Augustin Luna
- cBio Center, Department of Data Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David G. Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patrick G. Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy A. Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chris Sander
- cBio Center, Department of Data Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anil Korkut
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Corresponding Author: Anil Korkut, Bioinformatics & Comp Biology, Phone: 718-300-0666, , 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030-4009
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Menter DG, Afshar-Kharghan V, Shen JP, Martch SL, Maitra A, Kopetz S, Honn KV, Sood AK. Of vascular defense, hemostasis, cancer, and platelet biology: an evolutionary perspective. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:147-172. [PMID: 35022962 PMCID: PMC8754476 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have established considerable expertise in studying the role of platelets in cancer biology. From this expertise, we were keen to recognize the numerous venous-, arterial-, microvascular-, and macrovascular thrombotic events and immunologic disorders are caused by severe, acute-respiratory-syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. With this offering, we explore the evolutionary connections that place platelets at the center of hemostasis, immunity, and adaptive phylogeny. Coevolutionary changes have also occurred in vertebrate viruses and their vertebrate hosts that reflect their respective evolutionary interactions. As mammals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial life and the heavy blood loss associated with placentalization-based live birth, platelets evolved phylogenetically from thrombocytes toward higher megakaryocyte-blebbing-based production rates and the lack of nuclei. With no nuclei and robust RNA synthesis, this adaptation may have influenced viral replication to become less efficient after virus particles are engulfed. Human platelets express numerous receptors that bind viral particles, which developed from archetypal origins to initiate aggregation and exocytic-release of thrombo-, immuno-, angiogenic-, growth-, and repair-stimulatory granule contents. Whether by direct, evolutionary, selective pressure, or not, these responses may help to contain virus spread, attract immune cells for eradication, and stimulate angiogenesis, growth, and wound repair after viral damage. Because mammalian and marsupial platelets became smaller and more plate-like their biophysical properties improved in function, which facilitated distribution near vessel walls in fluid-shear fields. This adaptation increased the probability that platelets could then interact with and engulf shedding virus particles. Platelets also generate circulating microvesicles that increase membrane surface-area encounters and mark viral targets. In order to match virus-production rates, billions of platelets are generated and turned over per day to continually provide active defenses and adaptation to suppress the spectrum of evolving threats like SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John Paul Shen
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie L Martch
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Department of Pathology, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave. 430 Chemistry, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 431 Chemistry Bldg, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Cancer Biology Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 431 Chemistry Bldg, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Platelets evolved from nucleated thrombocytes that exhibit both coagulation and immune function. The essential role of platelets in coagulation is common knowledge. The larger and critical role of platelets in immune responses and cancer are frequently overlooked in our modern-day, large-data-set, sequencing-oriented efforts. Much like Waldo, their small size, biophysical characteristics, rapid biological responses, active cytoskeleton, migration capacity, and lack of a nucleus make them difficult to track as single platelets disappear while executing their function into the histologic "tissue scape". The adaptive evolution of platelets is linked to placentalization and stopping massive blood loss. This resulted in exclusion of any platelet nucleus and therefore sustainable gene expression due to being extruded in the billions (1011) per day from megakaryocytes under bone marrow protection. The platelets' small size and sheer number in circulation, combined with an active open canalicular exchange- and membrane-reserve system, plus an array of pathogen receptors enable them to deal with small pathogenic viral treats and to decorate larger ones for further immune identification and immune-cell recruitment. Once stimulated, platelets release most serum-based cytokines and growth factors that contribute to cell growth and wound repair, and potentially to immune suppression. From a self-taught practitioner of the illustrative arts with a ken for platelet biology, this offering is a humble attempt to provide a stimulating sketch of the critical importance of platelet biology and insights into potential new directions for finding the Waldo-esque platelet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Inoue A, Robinson FS, Minelli R, Tomihara H, Rizi BS, Rose JL, Kodama T, Srinivasan S, Harris AL, Zuniga AM, Mullinax RA, Ma X, Seth S, Daniele JR, Peoples MD, Loponte S, Akdemir KC, Khor TO, Feng N, Roszik J, Sobieski MM, Brunell D, Stephan C, Giuliani V, Deem AK, Shingu T, Deribe YL, Menter DG, Heffernan TP, Viale A, Bristow CA, Kopetz S, Draetta GF, Genovese G, Carugo A. Sequential Administration of XPO1 and ATR Inhibitors Enhances Therapeutic Response in TP53-mutated Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:196-210. [PMID: 33745946 PMCID: PMC8238881 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Understanding the mechanisms by which tumors adapt to therapy is critical for developing effective combination therapeutic approaches to improve clinical outcomes for patients with cancer. METHODS To identify promising and clinically actionable targets for managing colorectal cancer (CRC), we conducted a patient-centered functional genomics platform that includes approximately 200 genes and paired this with a high-throughput drug screen that includes 262 compounds in four patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from patients with CRC. RESULTS Both screening methods identified exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitors as drivers of DNA damage-induced lethality in CRC. Molecular characterization of the cellular response to XPO1 inhibition uncovered an adaptive mechanism that limited the duration of response in TP53-mutated, but not in TP53-wild-type CRC models. Comprehensive proteomic and transcriptomic characterization revealed that the ATM/ATR-CHK1/2 axes were selectively engaged in TP53-mutant CRC cells upon XPO1 inhibitor treatment and that this response was required for adapting to therapy and escaping cell death. Administration of KPT-8602, an XPO1 inhibitor, followed by AZD-6738, an ATR inhibitor, resulted in dramatic antitumor effects and prolonged survival in TP53-mutant models of CRC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings anticipate tremendous therapeutic benefit and support the further evaluation of XPO1 inhibitors, especially in combination with DNA damage checkpoint inhibitors, to elicit an enduring clinical response in patients with CRC harboring TP53 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Inoue
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Frederick S Robinson
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rosalba Minelli
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hideo Tomihara
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bahar Salimian Rizi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Johnathon L Rose
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Takahiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sanjana Srinivasan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Angela L Harris
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andy M Zuniga
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert A Mullinax
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sahil Seth
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph R Daniele
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael D Peoples
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sara Loponte
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kadir C Akdemir
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tin Oo Khor
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ningping Feng
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary M Sobieski
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - David Brunell
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Clifford Stephan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Virginia Giuliani
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Angela K Deem
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Takashi Shingu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yonathan Lissanu Deribe
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrea Viale
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Giulio F Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION) platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Y, Baggerly KA, Orouji E, Manyam G, Chen H, Lam M, Davis JS, Lee MS, Broom BM, Menter DG, Rai K, Kopetz S, Morris JS. Methylation-eQTL Analysis in Cancer Research. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:4014-4022. [PMID: 34117863 PMCID: PMC9188481 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION DNA methylation is a key epigenetic factor regulating gene expression. While promoter methylation has been well studied, recent publications have revealed that functionally important methylation also occurs in intergenic and distal regions, and varies across genes and tissue types. Given the growing importance of inter-platform integrative genomic analyses, there is an urgent need to develop methods to discover and characterize gene-level relationships between methylation and expression. RESULTS We introduce a novel sequential penalized regression approach to identify methylation-expression quantitative trait loci (methyl-eQTLs), a term that we have coined to represent, for each gene and tissue type, a sparse set of CpG loci best explaining gene expression and accompanying weights indicating direction and strength of association. Using TCGA and MD Anderson colorectal cohorts to build and validate our models, we demonstrate our strategy better explains expression variability than current commonly used gene-level methylation summaries. The methyl-eQTLs identified by our approach can be used to construct gene-level methylation summaries that are maximally correlated with gene expression for use in integrative models, and produce a tissue-specific summary of which genes appear to be strongly regulated by methylation. Our results introduce an important resource to the biomedical community for integrative genomics analyses involving DNA methylation. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION We produce an R Shiny app (https://rstudio-prd-c1.pmacs.upenn.edu/methyl-eQTL/) that interactively presents methyl-eQTL results for colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancer. The source R code for this work is provided in the supplement. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Keith A Baggerly
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elias Orouji
- Department of Genomic Medicine, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ganiraju Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Lam
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer S Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael S Lee
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bradley M Broom
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kunal Rai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ravoori MK, Margalit O, Singh S, Kim SH, Wei W, Menter DG, DuBois RN, Kundra V. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Bioluminescence Imaging for Evaluating Tumor Burden in Orthotopic Colon Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6100. [PMID: 30988343 PMCID: PMC6465293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying tumor burden is important for following the natural history of orthotopic colon cancer and therapeutic efficacy. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is commonly used for such assessment and has both advantages and limitations. We compared BLI and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for quantifying orthotopic tumors in a mouse model of colon cancer. Among sequences tested, T2-based MRI imaging ranked best overall for colon cancer border delineation, contrast, and conspicuity. Longitudinal MRI detected tumor outside the colon, indistinguished by BLI. Colon tumor weights calculated from MRI in vivo correlated highly with tumor weights measured ex vivo whereas the BLI signal intensities correlated relatively poorly and this difference in correlations was highly significant. This suggests that MRI may more accurately assess tumor burden in longitudinal monitoring of orthotopic colon cancer in this model as well as in other models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Ravoori
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - O Margalit
- Department of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-HaShomer, 52621, Israel
| | - S Singh
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sun-Hee Kim
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - W Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, U.T.-M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - D G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, U.T.-M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - R N DuBois
- MUSC College of Medicine, Dean's Office, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 601, MSC 617, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - V Kundra
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Radiology, U.T.-M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kanikarla-Marie P, Kopetz S, Hawk ET, Millward SW, Sood AK, Gresele P, Overman M, Honn K, Menter DG. Bioactive lipid metabolism in platelet "first responder" and cancer biology. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:439-454. [PMID: 30112590 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelets can serve as "first responders" in cancer and metastasis. This is partly due to bioactive lipid metabolism that drives both platelet and cancer biology. The two primary eicosanoid metabolites that maintain platelet rapid response homeostasis are prostacyclin made by endothelial cells that inhibits platelet function, which is counterbalanced by thromboxane produced by platelets during activation, aggregation, and platelet recruitment. Both of these arachidonic acid metabolites are inherently unstable due to their chemical structure. Tumor cells by contrast predominantly make more chemically stable prostaglandin E2, which is the primary bioactive lipid associated with inflammation and oncogenesis. Pharmacological, clinical, and epidemiologic studies demonstrate that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which target cyclooxygenases, can help prevent cancer. Much of the molecular and biological impact of these drugs is generally accepted in the field. Cyclooxygenases catalyze the rate-limiting production of substrate used by all synthase molecules, including those that produce prostaglandins along with prostacyclin and thromboxane. Additional eicosanoid metabolites include lipoxygenases, leukotrienes, and resolvins that can also influence platelets, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Our knowledge base and technology are now progressing toward identifying newer molecular and cellular interactions that are leading to revealing additional targets. This review endeavors to summarize new developments in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kanikarla-Marie
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Ernest T Hawk
- Office of the Vice President Cancer Prevention and Population Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Steven W Millward
- Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Gynocologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Via E. Dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michael Overman
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Kenneth Honn
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave. 430 Chemistry, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 431 Chemistry Bldg, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Cancer Biology Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 431 Chemistry Bldg, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard--Unit 0426, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David G Menter
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zacharias NM, Ornelas A, Lee J, Hu J, Davis JS, Uddin N, Pudakalakatti S, Menter DG, Karam JA, Wood CG, Hawk ET, Kopetz S, Vilar E, Bhattacharya PK, Millward SW. Real‐Time Interrogation of Aspirin Reactivity, Biochemistry, and Biodistribution by Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niki M. Zacharias
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
- Department of Urology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Argentina Ornelas
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Jaehyuk Lee
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Jingzhe Hu
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Jennifer S. Davis
- Department of Epidemiology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Nasir Uddin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - David G. Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Jose A. Karam
- Department of Urology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Christopher G. Wood
- Department of Urology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Ernest T. Hawk
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Pratip K. Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Steven W. Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston TX 77030 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zacharias NM, Ornelas A, Lee J, Hu J, Davis JS, Uddin N, Pudakalakatti S, Menter DG, Karam JA, Wood CG, Hawk ET, Kopetz S, Vilar E, Bhattacharya PK, Millward SW. Real-Time Interrogation of Aspirin Reactivity, Biochemistry, and Biodistribution by Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4179-4183. [PMID: 30680862 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy enables quantitative, non-radioactive, real-time measurement of imaging probe biodistribution and metabolism in vivo. Here, we investigate and report on the development and characterization of hyperpolarized acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and its use as a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe. Aspirin derivatives were synthesized with single- and double-13 C labels and hyperpolarized by dynamic nuclear polarization with 4.7 % and 3 % polarization, respectively. The longitudinal relaxation constants (T1 ) for the labeled acetyl and carboxyl carbonyls were approximately 30 seconds, supporting in vivo imaging and spectroscopy applications. In vitro hydrolysis, transacetylation, and albumin binding of hyperpolarized aspirin were readily monitored in real time by 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. Hyperpolarized, double-labeled aspirin was well tolerated in mice and could be observed by both 13 C-MR imaging and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niki M Zacharias
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Argentina Ornelas
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Lee
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jingzhe Hu
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer S Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nasir Uddin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jose A Karam
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher G Wood
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ernest T Hawk
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Steven W Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim SH, Roszik J, Cho SN, Ogata D, Milton DR, Peng W, Menter DG, Ekmekcioglu S, Grimm EA. The COX2 Effector Microsomal PGE2 Synthase 1 is a Regulator of Immunosuppression in Cutaneous Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:1650-1663. [PMID: 30538110 PMCID: PMC6397703 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 (mPGES1) was evaluated as an important downstream effector of the COX2 pathway responsible for tumor-mediated immunosuppression in melanoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The analysis of a stage III melanoma tissue microarray (n = 91) was performed to assess the association between mPGES1, COX2, CD8, and patient survival. Pharmacologic inhibitors and syngeneic mouse models using PTGES-knockout (KO) mouse melanoma cell lines were used to evaluate the mPGES1-mediated immunosuppressive function. RESULTS We observed correlations in expression and colocalization of COX2 and mPGES1, which are associated with increased expression of immunosuppressive markers in human melanoma. In a syngeneic melanoma mouse model, PTGES KO increased melanoma expression of PD-L1, increased infiltration of CD8a+ T cells, and CD8a+ dendritic cells into tumors and suppressed tumor growth. Durable tumor regression was observed in mice bearing PTGES KO tumors that were given anti-PD-1 therapy. Analysis of a stage III melanoma tissue microarray revealed significant associations between high mPGES1 expression and low CD8+ infiltration, which correlated with a shorter patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results are the first to illustrate a potential role for mPGES1 inhibition in melanoma immune evasion and selective targeting in supporting the durability of response to PD-1 checkpoint immunotherapy. More research effort in this drug development space is needed to validate the use of mPGES1 inhibitors as safe treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Kim
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sung-Nam Cho
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dai Ogata
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Denái R Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth A Grimm
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review seeks to provide an informed prospective on the advances in molecular profiling and analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The goal is to provide a historical context and current summary on how advances in gene and protein sequencing technology along with computer capabilities led to our current bioinformatic advances in the field. RECENT FINDINGS An explosion of knowledge has occurred regarding genetic, epigenetic, and biochemical alterations associated with the evolution of colorectal cancer. This has led to the realization that CRC is a heterogeneous disease with molecular alterations often dictating natural history, response to treatment, and outcome. The consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) classification classifies CRC into four molecular subtypes with distinct biological characteristics, which may form the basis for clinical stratification and subtype-based targeted intervention. This review summarizes new developments of a field moving "Back to the Future." CRC molecular subtyping will better identify key subtype specific therapeutic targets and responses to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard--Unit 0426, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Davis
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bradley M Broom
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard--Unit 0426, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard--Unit 0426, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lin SH, Raju GS, Huff C, Ye Y, Gu J, Chen JS, Hildebrandt MAT, Liang H, Menter DG, Morris J, Hawk E, Stroehlein JR, Futreal A, Kopetz S, Mishra L, Wu X. The somatic mutation landscape of premalignant colorectal adenoma. Gut 2018; 67:1299-1305. [PMID: 28607096 PMCID: PMC6031265 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are few studies which characterised the molecular alterations in premalignant colorectal adenomas. Our major goal was to establish colorectal adenoma genome atlas and identify molecular markers of progression from colorectal adenoma to adenocarcinoma. DESIGN Whole-exome sequencing and targeted sequencing were carried out in 149 adenoma samples and paired blood from patients with conventional adenoma or sessile serrated adenoma to characterise the somatic mutation landscape for premalignant colorectal lesions. The identified somatic mutations were compared with those in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. A supervised random forest model was employed to identify gene panels differentiating adenoma from CRC. RESULTS Similar somatic mutation frequencies, but distinctive driver mutations, were observed in sessile serrated adenomas and conventional adenomas. The final model included 20 genes and was able to separate the somatic mutation profile of colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma with an area under the curve of 0.941. CONCLUSION The findings of this project hold potential to better identify patients with adenoma who may be candidates for targeted surveillance programmes and preventive interventions to reduce the incidence of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hong Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston and MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gottumukkala S Raju
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chad Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiun-Sheng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston and MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle A T Hildebrandt
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffery Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ernest Hawk
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John R Stroehlein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Haemmerle M, Stone RL, Menter DG, Afshar-Kharghan V, Sood AK. The Platelet Lifeline to Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:965-983. [PMID: 29657130 PMCID: PMC5997503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Besides their function in limiting blood loss and promoting wound healing, experimental evidence has highlighted platelets as active players in all steps of tumorigenesis including tumor growth, tumor cell extravasation, and metastasis. Additionally, thrombocytosis in cancer patients is associated with adverse patient survival. Due to the secretion of large amounts of microparticles and exosomes, platelets are well positioned to coordinate both local and distant tumor-host crosstalk. Here, we present a review of recent discoveries in the field of platelet biology and the role of platelets in cancer progression as well as challenges in targeting platelets for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Haemmerle
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Stone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287-1281, USA
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Benign Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kanikarla-Marie P, Lam M, Sorokin AV, Overman MJ, Kopetz S, Menter DG. Platelet Metabolism and Other Targeted Drugs; Potential Impact on Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:107. [PMID: 29732316 PMCID: PMC5919962 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of platelets in cancer progression has been well recognized in the field of cancer biology. Emerging studies are elaborating further the additional roles and added extent that platelets play in promoting tumorigenesis. Platelets release factors that support tumor growth and also form heterotypic aggregates with tumor cells, which can provide an immune-evasive advantage. Their most critical role may be the inhibition of immune cell function that can negatively impact the body’s ability in preventing tumor establishment and growth. This review summarizes the importance of platelets in tumor progression, therapeutic response, survival, and finally the notion of immunotherapy modulation being likely to benefit from the inclusion of platelet inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kanikarla-Marie
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael Lam
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexey V Sorokin
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David G Menter
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ornelas A, Zacharias-Millward N, Menter DG, Davis JS, Lichtenberger L, Hawke D, Hawk E, Vilar E, Bhattacharya P, Millward S. Beyond COX-1: the effects of aspirin on platelet biology and potential mechanisms of chemoprevention. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:289-303. [PMID: 28762014 PMCID: PMC5557878 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
After more than a century, aspirin remains one of the most commonly used drugs in western medicine. Although mainly used for its anti-thrombotic, anti-pyretic, and analgesic properties, a multitude of clinical studies have provided convincing evidence that regular, low-dose aspirin use dramatically lowers the risk of cancer. These observations coincide with recent studies showing a functional relationship between platelets and tumors, suggesting that aspirin's chemopreventive properties may result, in part, from direct modulation of platelet biology and biochemistry. Here, we present a review of the biochemistry and pharmacology of aspirin with particular emphasis on its cyclooxygenase-dependent and cyclooxygenase-independent effects in platelets. We also correlate the results of proteomic-based studies of aspirin acetylation in eukaryotic cells with recent developments in platelet proteomics to identify non-cyclooxygenase targets of aspirin-mediated acetylation in platelets that may play a role in its chemopreventive mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Argentina Ornelas
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Niki Zacharias-Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer S Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lenard Lichtenberger
- McGovern Medical School, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ernest Hawk
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Platelets serve as "first responders" during normal wounding and homeostasis. Arising from bone marrow stem cell lineage megakaryocytes, anucleate platelets can influence inflammation and immune regulation. Biophysically, platelets are optimized due to size and discoid morphology to distribute near vessel walls, monitor vascular integrity, and initiate quick responses to vascular lesions. Adhesion receptors linked to a highly reactive filopodia-generating cytoskeleton maximizes their vascular surface contact allowing rapid response capabilities. Functionally, platelets normally initiate rapid clotting, vasoconstriction, inflammation, and wound biology that leads to sterilization, tissue repair, and resolution. Platelets also are among the first to sense, phagocytize, decorate, or react to pathogens in the circulation. These platelet first responder properties are commandeered during chronic inflammation, cancer progression, and metastasis. Leaky or inflammatory reaction blood vessel genesis during carcinogenesis provides opportunities for platelet invasion into tumors. Cancer is thought of as a non-healing or chronic wound that can be actively aided by platelet mitogenic properties to stimulate tumor growth. This growth ultimately outstrips circulatory support leads to angiogenesis and intravasation of tumor cells into the blood stream. Circulating tumor cells reengage additional platelets, which facilitates tumor cell adhesion, arrest and extravasation, and metastasis. This process, along with the hypercoagulable states associated with malignancy, is amplified by IL6 production in tumors that stimulate liver thrombopoietin production and elevates circulating platelet numbers by thrombopoiesis in the bone marrow. These complex interactions and the "first responder" role of platelets during diverse physiologic stresses provide a useful therapeutic target that deserves further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Room#: FC10.3004, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard--Unit 0426, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Room#: FC10.3004, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard--Unit 0426, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ernest Hawk
- Office of the Vice President Cancer Prevention & Population Science, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1370, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Gynocologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1362, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1362, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Jonathan M Loree
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Room#: FC10.3004, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard--Unit 0426, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Via E. Dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, 431 Chemistry Bldg, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, 431 Chemistry Bldg, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Cancer Biology Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 431 Chemistry Bldg, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Korphaisarn K, Chou CK, Xia WY, Clarke CN, Katkhuda R, Davis JS, Raghav KPS, Liao HW, Wu JY, Menter DG, Maru DM, Hung MC, Kopetz S. Arginine methylation of EGFR: a new biomarker for predicting resistance to anti-EGFR treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2587-2599. [PMID: 29312811 PMCID: PMC5752698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (meEGFR) increases the binding affinity of EGFR ligands and is reported to have a role in predicting response to anti-EGFR agents. This study investigated the predictive impact of meEGFR in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with anti-EGFR agents. Two patient cohorts were evaluated. Cohort 1 consisted of mCRC patients with documented disease progression following anti-EGFR treatment. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were isolated and distinguished based on CD45- and Epcam+. Cohort 2 consisted of formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks from a prospective cohort. meEGFR in both cohorts was identified by positive staining for me-R198/200 EGFR signal. CTCs were identified in 30 out of 47 cases in cohort 1. Of those 30, meEGFR-CTCs were identified in 19 cases. Mean total meEGFR-CTCs counts was 2.3 (range 0-30) cells per 7.5 ml. There was no association between meEGFR-CTCs and clinic-pathological-molecular features. In RASwt/BRAFwt patients with high levels of meEGFR-CTCs ratio (≥ 0.23) had significantly inferior PFS with anti-EGFR treatment (HR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.5-7.9, P = 0.004). By contrast, high levels of meEGFR in the untreated tumor tissues had no correlation with anti-EGFR treatment duration in cohort 2. Therefore, meEGFR-CTCs may have the potential to serve as a "liquid biopsy" biomarker to predict anti-EGFR treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krittiya Korphaisarn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalBangkok, Thailand
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterTX 77030, Houston, USA
| | - Chao-Kai Chou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterTX 77030, Houston, USA
| | - Wei-Ya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterTX 77030, Houston, USA
| | - Callisia N Clarke
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterTX 77030, Houston, USA
| | - Riham Katkhuda
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterTX 77030, Houston, USA
| | - Jennifer S Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterTX 77030, Houston, USA
| | - Kanwal PS Raghav
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterTX 77030, Houston, USA
| | - Hsin-Wei Liao
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolMA 02114, Boston, USA
| | - Ji-Yuan Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterTX 77030, Houston, USA
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterTX 77030, Houston, USA
| | - Dipen M Maru
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterTX 77030, Houston, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterTX 77030, Houston, USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterTX 77030, Houston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Loree JM, Pereira AAL, Lam M, Willauer AN, Raghav K, Dasari A, Morris VK, Advani S, Menter DG, Eng C, Shaw K, Broaddus R, Routbort MJ, Liu Y, Morris JS, Luthra R, Meric-Bernstam F, Overman MJ, Maru D, Kopetz S. Classifying Colorectal Cancer by Tumor Location Rather than Sidedness Highlights a Continuum in Mutation Profiles and Consensus Molecular Subtypes. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:1062-1072. [PMID: 29180604 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Colorectal cancers are classified as right/left-sided based on whether they occur before/after the splenic flexure, with established differences in molecular subtypes and outcomes. However, it is unclear if this division is optimal and whether precise tumor location provides further information.Experimental Design: In 1,876 patients with colorectal cancer, we compared mutation prevalence and overall survival (OS) according to side and location. Consensus molecular subtype (CMS) was compared in a separate cohort of 608 patients.Results: Mutation prevalence differed by side and location for TP53, KRAS, BRAFV600, PIK3CA, SMAD4, CTNNB1, GNAS, and PTEN Within left- and right-sided tumors, there remained substantial variations in mutation rates. For example, within right-sided tumors, RAS mutations decreased from 70% for cecal, to 43% for hepatic flexure location (P = 0.0001), while BRAFV600 mutations increased from 10% to 22% between the same locations (P < 0.0001). Within left-sided tumors, the sigmoid and rectal region had more TP53 mutations (P = 0.027), less PIK3CA (P = 0.0009), BRAF (P = 0.0033), or CTNNB1 mutations (P < 0.0001), and less MSI (P < 0.0001) than other left-sided locations. Despite this, a left/right division preceding the transverse colon maximized prognostic differences by side and transverse colon tumors had K-modes mutation clustering that appeared more left than right sided. CMS profiles showed a decline in CMS1 and CMS3 and rise in CMS2 prevalence moving distally.Conclusions: Current right/left classifications may not fully recapitulate regional variations in tumor biology. Specifically, the sigmoid-rectal region appears unique and the transverse colon is distinct from other right-sided locations. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1062-72. ©2017 AACRSee related commentary by Dienstmann, p. 989.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Loree
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Allan A L Pereira
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Lam
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexandra N Willauer
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kanwal Raghav
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Arvind Dasari
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Van K Morris
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shailesh Advani
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David G Menter
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cathy Eng
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kenna Shaw
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute of Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Russell Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark J Routbort
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yusha Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey S Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rajyalakshmi Luthra
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael J Overman
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dipen Maru
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Menter DG, Kanikarla-Marie P, Lam M, Davis JS, Kopetz S. Platelet microparticles: small payloads with profound effects on tumor growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1. [PMID: 31218277 DOI: 10.21037/ncri.2017.11.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Preeti Kanikarla-Marie
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Lam
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer S Davis
- Departments of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee MS, Menter DG, Kopetz S. Right Versus Left Colon Cancer Biology: Integrating the Consensus Molecular Subtypes. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2017; 15:411-419. [PMID: 28275039 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2017.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although clinical management of colon cancer generally has not accounted for the primary tumor site, left-sided and right-sided colon cancers harbor different clinical and biologic characteristics. Right-sided colon cancers are more likely to have genome-wide hypermethylation via the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), hypermutated state via microsatellite instability, and BRAF mutation. There are also differential exposures to potential carcinogenic toxins and microbiota in the right and left colon. Gene expression analyses further shed light on distinct biologic subtypes of colorectal cancers (CRCs), with 4 consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) identified. Importantly, these subtypes are differentially distributed between right- and left-sided CRCs, with greater proportions of the "microsatellite unstable/immune" CMS1 and the "metabolic" CMS3 subtypes found in right-sided colon cancers. This review summarizes important biologic distinctions between right- and left-sided CRCs that likely impact prognosis and may predict for differential responses to biologic therapy. Given the inferior prognosis of stage III-IV right-sided CRCs and emerging data suggesting that anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody therapy is associated with worse survival in right-sided stage IV CRCs compared with left-sided cancers, these biologic differences between right- and left-sided CRCs provide critical context and may provide opportunities to personalize therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Inoue A, Rizi BS, Carugo A, Seth S, Bristow C, Genovese G, Viale A, Menter DG, Kopetz S, Draetta GF. Abstract 414: Identifying selective vulnerabilities in colorectal cancer molecular subtypes using in vivo functional genomic screens. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality with significantly heterogeneous features and drug responses. Recently, the international Colorectal Cancer Subtyping Consortium identified four robust consensus molecular subtypes of CRC (CMS1-4) using large-scale gene expression data. These findings may enable us to identify molecularly homogenous subsets of CRC patients and accelerate effective drug development strategies. To identify potential therapeutic targets and novel selective vulnerabilities in CRC molecular subtypes, we developed an in vivo loss-of-function genomic screen using CRC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) for each molecular subtype. Our PDX-derived CRC models underwent comprehensive integrated molecular characterization of mRNA profiles, DNA mutations, and histochemical profiles upon confirmed serial retransplantation to determine whether characteristics of the subtypes are recapitulated in vivo. Because the original CMS classification algorithm was trained and validated using Affymetrix data, profiling the PDX-derived cell lines using this technology provided the most robust analysis of the CMS subtypes. In vivo pooled short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screens rely on specific elimination of individual shRNAs in a cell population and require that the infected tumor cell population is adequately endowed with engraftment capacity when implanted into recipient mice. Therefore, we determined the transduction efficiency of the PDX models, the frequency of tumor-initiating cells, and the maximum library complexity allowed by each model. To identify targets that represent selective vulnerabilities in specific CRC molecular subtypes, we screened each model in vivo with an shRNA library targeting about 200 genes specifically belonging to U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved targeted therapies (FDAome; 10 shRNAs/gene ). We leveraged redundant shRNA activity analysis to evaluate “hits” (or top-scoring genes) emerging from our screening. We further applied ranking-based analytics in combination with integromic approaches (use of computational packages to unravel relationships between -omics) to inform on selective CMS specific top-scoring genes. One of the benefits of using an FDAome library is the direct correspondence of target genes with clinically available drugs. We therefore tested these drugs for validation in fully annotated PDXs. These efforts, in association with systematic profiling of the CMS subtypes at the patient level through adaptation of NanoString technology, may enable us to stratify CRC patients who will benefit from selective U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs and to rapidly design successful preclinical and clinical trials in CRC patients.
Citation Format: Akira Inoue, Bahar Salimian Rizi, Alessandro Carugo, Sahil Seth, Christopher Bristow, Giannicola Genovese, Andrea Viale, David G. Menter, Scott Kopetz, Giulio F. Draetta. Identifying selective vulnerabilities in colorectal cancer molecular subtypes using in vivo functional genomic screens [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 414. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-414
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Inoue
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Sahil Seth
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Andrea Viale
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David G. Menter
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Scott Kopetz
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Loree JM, Korphaisarn KK, Lam M, Morris VK, Raghav KP, Overman MJ, Eng C, Dasari A, Kee BK, Fogelman D, Wolff RA, Shaw K, Broaddus R, Routbort MJ, Luthra R, Maru DM, Menter DG, Meric-Bernstam F, Kopetz S. Abstract 4742: APC
WT
/RAS
WT
/BRAF
WT tumors represent an under recognized poor prognostic group of right sided colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Side of primary tumor has prognostic and predictive significance in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). RAS/BRAF wild type (WT) left (L) sided tumors have improved outcomes with anti-EGFR therapy while right (R) sided tumors do worse. We aimed to identify mutations (MTS) in RAS/BRAF WT patients (pts) which may explain the differing response.
Methods: Using a 46 gene panel, we compared MT frequencies by side in 1880 mCRC pts. Overall survival (OS) was summarized with Kaplan-Meier curves, the log rank test, and Cox models. Microsatellite unstable pts were excluded from univariate OS analysis.
Results: RAS mutant (MT) pts were more likely to be APC MT (OR 1.64, P<0.0001) than RAS WT pts. Presence of APC MTS was associated with improved OS in WT RAS/BRAF (HR 0.58, P=0.0003) and MT RAS/BRAF pts (HR 0.69, P=0.0004). Multivariate analysis confirmed APC MTS were associated with improved OS (HR 0.67, P=0.001) after controlling for RAS/BRAF, side, and MSI.
Given the association of tumor location and OS, we stratified pts by side and compared APC MT/WT pts. Improved OS with APC MTS was independent of side (L-HR 0.70, P=0.0011; R-HR 0.62, P=0.0012), but pts with R APC WT tumors stood out as an extreme risk group with the worst OS of all L/R and APC MT/WT combinations even in RAS/BRAF WT pts (P<0.0001). This group of R sided RAS/BRAF/APC WT pts represents a novel poor prognostic group and its baseline characteristics are summarized below.
When stratifying APC MT by genomic location, only MTS in the mutation cluster region (n=686) that contains axin and β-catenin binding sites remained prognostic in multivariate models (HR 0.63, P<0.0001), while other APC MTS (n=163) were no longer significant (HR 0.82, P=0.27).
Conclusion: APC WT R sided pts represents a group with poor prognosis regardless of RAS/BRAF MT status. Given the difference in CTNNB1 MT rate and importance of MTS in axin/ β-catenin binding sites, WNT signaling differences between L and R sided tumors may be important to explore further.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients with APC/RAS/BRAF Wild Type Right Sided TumorsBaseline CharacteristicRight Sided APC/RAS/BRAF WT (N=88, 15.2%)Other Right Sided Tumors (N=492, 84.8%)P-ValueMedian Age (IQR)56 (47-61)56 (48-64)0.23GenderFemale46 (52.3%)241 (49.0%)0.56Male42 (47.7%)251 (51.0%)MSI-H8 (10.5%)25 (6.5%)0.22HistologyAdenocarcinoma50 (56.8%)366 (74.4%)0.0018Mucinous / Signet38 (43.2%)123 (25.0%)Other03 (0.6%)Average # of Mutations Per Patient (+/- SD)1.38+/- 2.013.10 +/- 1.79<0.0001Synchronous Metastasis76 (86.4%)401 (81.5%)0.36TP53 MT47 (53.4%)275 (55.9%)0.67PIK3CA MT6 (6.8%)111 (22.6%)0.001CTNNB1 MT7 (8.0%)11 (2.2%)0.004
Citation Format: Jonathan M. Loree, Krittiya K. Korphaisarn, Michael Lam, Van K. Morris, Kanwal P. Raghav, Michael J. Overman, Cathy Eng, Arvind Dasari, Bryan K. Kee, David Fogelman, Robert A. Wolff, Kenna Shaw, Russell Broaddus, Mark J. Routbort, Rajyalakshmi Luthra, Dipen M. Maru, David G. Menter, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Scott Kopetz. APCWT/RASWT/BRAFWT tumors represent an under recognized poor prognostic group of right sided colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4742. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4742
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Lam
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Van K. Morris
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Cathy Eng
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Arvind Dasari
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bryan K. Kee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David Fogelman
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Robert A. Wolff
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kenna Shaw
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Dipen M. Maru
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David G. Menter
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Scott Kopetz
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Katsiampoura A, Raghav K, Jiang ZQ, Menter DG, Varkaris A, Morelli MP, Manuel S, Wu J, Sorokin AV, Rizi BS, Bristow C, Tian F, Airhart S, Cheng M, Broom BM, Morris J, Overman MJ, Powis G, Kopetz S. Modeling of Patient-Derived Xenografts in Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1435-1442. [PMID: 28468778 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Developing realistic preclinical models using clinical samples that mirror complex tumor biology and behavior are vital to advancing cancer research. While cell line cultures have been helpful in generating preclinical data, the genetic divergence between these and corresponding primary tumors has limited clinical translation. Conversely, patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in colorectal cancer are highly representative of the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in the original tumor. Coupled with high-throughput analyses and bioinformatics, these PDXs represent robust preclinical tools for biomarkers, therapeutic target, and drug discovery. Successful PDX engraftment is hypothesized to be related to a series of anecdotal variables namely, tissue source, cancer stage, tumor grade, acquisition strategy, time to implantation, exposure to prior systemic therapy, and genomic heterogeneity of tumors. Although these factors at large can influence practices and patterns related to xenotransplantation, their relative significance in determining the success of establishing PDXs is uncertain. Accordingly, we systematically examined the predictive ability of these factors in establishing PDXs using 90 colorectal cancer patient specimens that were subcutaneously implanted into immunodeficient mice. Fifty (56%) PDXs were successfully established. Multivariate analyses showed tissue acquisition strategy [surgery 72.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 58.2-82.6) vs. biopsy 35% (95% CI: 22.1%-50.6%)] to be the key determinant for successful PDX engraftment. These findings contrast with current empiricism in generating PDXs and can serve to simplify or liberalize PDX modeling protocols. Better understanding the relative impact of these factors on efficiency of PDX formation will allow for pervasive integration of these models in care of colorectal cancer patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1435-42. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Katsiampoura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kanwal Raghav
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhi-Qin Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andreas Varkaris
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria P Morelli
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shanequa Manuel
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexey V Sorokin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bahar Salimian Rizi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher Bristow
- Department of Applied Cancer Science Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan Airhart
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Bradley M Broom
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Garth Powis
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wagner MJ, Ravi V, Menter DG, Sood AK. Endothelial cell malignancies: new insights from the laboratory and clinic. NPJ Precis Oncol 2017; 1:11. [PMID: 29872699 PMCID: PMC5859470 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-017-0013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell malignancies are rare in the Western world and range from intermediate grade hemangioendothelioma to Kaposi sarcoma to aggressive high-grade angiosarcoma that metastasize early and have a high rate of mortality. These malignancies are associated with dysregulation of normal endothelial cell signaling pathways, including the vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin, and Notch pathways. Discoveries over the past two decades related to mechanisms of angiogenesis have led to the development of many drugs that intuitively would be promising therapeutic candidates for these endothelial-derived tumors. However, clinical efficacy of such drugs has been limited. New insights into the mechanisms that lead to dysregulated angiogenesis such as mutation or amplification in known angiogenesis related genes, viral infection, and chromosomal translocations have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of endothelial malignancies and how they evade anti-angiogenesis drugs. In this review, we describe the major molecular alterations in endothelial cell malignancies and consider emerging opportunities for improving therapeutic efficacy against these rare but deadly tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wagner
- 1Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Vinod Ravi
- 2Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - David G Menter
- 3Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- 4Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA.,5Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA.,6Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Parseghian CM, Parikh NU, Wu JY, Jiang ZQ, Henderson L, Tian F, Pastor B, Ychou M, Raghav K, Dasari A, Fogelman DR, Katsiampoura AD, Menter DG, Wolff RA, Eng C, Overman MJ, Thierry AR, Gallick GE, Kopetz S. Dual Inhibition of EGFR and c-Src by Cetuximab and Dasatinib Combined with FOLFOX Chemotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4146-4154. [PMID: 28280091 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-3138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Aberrant activation of the intracellular tyrosine kinase Src has been implicated as a mechanism of acquired chemotherapy resistance in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Here, the oral tyrosine kinase Src inhibitor, dasatinib, was investigated in combination with FOLFOX and cetuximab.Experimental Design: We performed a phase IB/II study of 77 patients with previously treated mCRC. Primary objectives were to determine the maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), pharmacodynamics, and efficacy. Using a 3 + 3 design, patients received FOLFOX6 with cetuximab and escalating doses of dasatinib (100, 150, 200 mg daily), followed by a 12-patient expansion cohort at 150 mg. Phase II studies evaluated FOLFOX plus dasatinib 100 mg in KRAS c12/13mut patients or in combination with cetuximab if KRAS c12/13WT FAK and paxillin were utilized as surrogate blood biomarkers of Src inhibition, and paired biopsies of liver metastases were obtained in patients in the expansion cohort.Results: In phase IB, the DLTs were grade 3/4 fatigue (20%) and neutropenia (23%). In phase II, grade 3/4 fatigue (23%) and pleural effusions (11%) were present. Response rates were 20% (6 of 30) in the phase IB escalation and expansion cohort and 13% (3 of 24) and 0% (0 of 23) in the KRAS c12/13WT and mutant cohorts of phase II, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 4.6, 2.3, and 2.3 months, respectively. There was no evidence of Src inhibition based on surrogate blood biomarkers or paired tumor biopsies.Conclusions: The combination of dasatinib plus FOLFOX with or without cetuximab showed only modest clinical activity in refractory colorectal cancer. This appears to be primarily due to a failure to fully inhibit Src at the achievable doses of dasatinib. The combination of dasatinib plus FOLFOX with or without cetuximab did not show meaningful clinical activity in refractory colorectal cancer due to failure to fully inhibit Src. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4146-54. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Parseghian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Nila U Parikh
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ji Yuan Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhi-Qin Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Laura Henderson
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Brice Pastor
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Ychou
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kanwal Raghav
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Arvind Dasari
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David R Fogelman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anastasia D Katsiampoura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert A Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cathy Eng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alain R Thierry
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gary E Gallick
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Whiting N, Hu J, Zacharias NM, Lokesh GLR, Volk DE, Menter DG, Rupaimoole R, Previs R, Sood AK, Bhattacharya P. Developing hyperpolarized silicon particles for in vivo MRI targeting of ovarian cancer. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2016; 3:036001. [PMID: 27547777 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.3.3.036001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon-based nanoparticles are ideally suited for use as biomedical imaging agents due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and simple surface chemistry that facilitates drug loading and targeting. A method of hyperpolarizing silicon particles using dynamic nuclear polarization, which increases magnetic resonance imaging signals by several orders-of-magnitude through enhanced nuclear spin alignment, has recently been developed to allow silicon particles to function as contrast agents for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. The enhanced spin polarization of silicon lasts significantly longer than other hyperpolarized agents (tens of minutes, whereas [Formula: see text] for other species at room temperature), allowing a wide range of potential applications. We report our recent characterizations of hyperpolarized silicon particles, with the ultimate goal of targeted, noninvasive, and nonradioactive molecular imaging of various cancer systems. A variety of particle sizes (20 nm to [Formula: see text]) were found to have hyperpolarized relaxation times ranging from [Formula: see text] to 50 min. The addition of various functional groups to the particle surface had no effect on the hyperpolarization buildup or decay rates and allowed in vivo imaging over long time scales. Additional in vivo studies examined a variety of particle administration routes in mice, including intraperitoneal injection, rectal enema, and oral gavage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Whiting
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jingzhe Hu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States; Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 770005-1892, United States
| | - Niki M Zacharias
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ganesh L R Lokesh
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Department of NanoMedicine and Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Molecular Medicine, 7000 Fannin, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - David E Volk
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Department of NanoMedicine and Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Molecular Medicine, 7000 Fannin, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - David G Menter
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Rajesha Rupaimoole
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Rebecca Previs
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Anil K Sood
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim SH, Hashimoto Y, Cho SN, Roszik J, Milton DR, Dal F, Kim SF, Menter DG, Yang P, Ekmekcioglu S, Grimm EA. Abstract 2285: Microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 regulates melanoma cell survival and associates with melanoma disease progression. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
COX-2 and its product PGE2 enhance carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which has been previously reported in melanoma. As most COX inhibitors cause much toxicity, the downstream microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 (mPGES1) is a consideration for targeting. Human melanoma TMAs were employed for testing mPGES1 protein staining intensity and percentage levels and both increased with clinical stage; employing a different Stage III TMA, mPGES1 intensity (not percentage) associated with reduced patient survival. Our results further show that iNOS was also highly expressed in melanoma tissues with high mPGES1 levels, and iNOS-mediated NO promoted mPGES1 expression and PGE2 production. An mPGES1specific inhibitor (CAY10526) as well as siRNA attenuated cell survival and increased apoptosis. CAY10526 significantly suppressed tumor growth and increased apoptosis in melanoma xenografts. Our findings support the value of a prognostic and predictive role for mPGES1, and suggest targeting this molecule in the PGE2 pathway as another avenue toward improving melanoma therapy.
Citation Format: Sun-Hee Kim, Yuuri Hashimoto, Sung-Nam Cho, Jason Roszik, Denái R. Milton, Fulya Dal, Sangwon F. Kim, David G. Menter, Peiying Yang, Suhendan Ekmekcioglu, Elizabeth A. Grimm. Microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 regulates melanoma cell survival and associates with melanoma disease progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2285.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fulya Dal
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sangwon F. Kim
- 2The Perlman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim SH, Hashimoto Y, Cho SN, Roszik J, Milton DR, Dal F, Kim SF, Menter DG, Yang P, Ekmekcioglu S, Grimm EA. Microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 regulates melanoma cell survival and associates with melanoma disease progression. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:297-308. [PMID: 26801201 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COX-2 and its product PGE2 enhance carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which has been previously reported in melanoma. As most COX inhibitors cause much toxicity, the downstream microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 (mPGES1) is a consideration for targeting. Human melanoma TMAs were employed for testing mPGES1 protein staining intensity and percentage levels, and both increased with clinical stage; employing a different Stage III TMA, mPGES1 intensity (not percentage) associated with reduced patient survival. Our results further show that iNOS was also highly expressed in melanoma tissues with high mPGES1 levels, and iNOS-mediated NO promoted mPGES1 expression and PGE2 production. An mPGES1-specific inhibitor (CAY10526) as well as siRNA attenuated cell survival and increased apoptosis. CAY10526 significantly suppressed tumor growth and increased apoptosis in melanoma xenografts. Our findings support the value of a prognostic and predictive role for mPGES1, and suggest targeting this molecule in the PGE2 pathway as another avenue toward improving melanoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Kim
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuuri Hashimoto
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sung-Nam Cho
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Denái R Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fulya Dal
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sangwon F Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perlman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grimm
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Various clinical and epidemiologic studies show that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin and cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COXIBs) help prevent cancer. Since eicosanoid metabolism is the main inhibitory targets of these drugs the resulting molecular and biological impact is generally accepted. As our knowledge base and technology progress we are learning that additional targets may be involved. This review attempts to summarize these new developments in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asad Umar
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Vernon E Steele
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David G Menter
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ernest T Hawk
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Whiting N, Hu J, Shah JV, Cassidy MC, Cressman E, Zacharias Millward N, Menter DG, Marcus CM, Bhattacharya PK. Real-Time MRI-Guided Catheter Tracking Using Hyperpolarized Silicon Particles. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12842. [PMID: 26239953 PMCID: PMC4523869 DOI: 10.1038/srep12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Visualizing the movement of angiocatheters during endovascular interventions is typically accomplished using x-ray fluoroscopy. There are many potential advantages to developing magnetic resonance imaging-based approaches that will allow three-dimensional imaging of the tissue/vasculature interface while monitoring other physiologically-relevant criteria, without exposing the patient or clinician team to ionizing radiation. Here we introduce a proof-of-concept development of a magnetic resonance imaging-guided catheter tracking method that utilizes hyperpolarized silicon particles. The increased signal of the silicon particles is generated via low-temperature, solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization, and the particles retain their enhanced signal for ≥ 40 minutes--allowing imaging experiments over extended time durations. The particles are affixed to the tip of standard medical-grade catheters and are used to track passage under set distal and temporal points in phantoms and live mouse models. With continued development, this method has the potential to supplement x-ray fluoroscopy and other MRI-guided catheter tracking methods as a zero-background, positive contrast agent that does not require ionizing radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jingzhe Hu
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jay V. Shah
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Maja C. Cassidy
- Kavli Institute of NanoScience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Erik Cressman
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 77030
| | - Niki Zacharias Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - David G. Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, 77030
| | | | - Pratip K. Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Advani SM, Lee MS, Overman MJ, Fogelman D, Kee BK, Manuel SD, Davis J, Morris VK, Clarke CN, Daniel CR, Menter DG, Hamilton SR, Maru DM, Kopetz S. Abstract 4763: Correlation of CpG island methylation with clinical and pathologic characteristics in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-4763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality rates vary by race and ethnicity. The combined contribution of genetics and environment to response to chemotherapy, progression-free and overall survival in colorectal cancer patients is unclear, but CpG island hypermethylation (CIMP), a discrete molecular subtype of colorectal cancer, is associated with inflammation and environmental exposures. Hence our main objective is to assess correlation between various modifiable risk factors and CIMP status among metastatic colorectal cancer patients.
Methods: We characterized CIMP methylation (MINT1, MINT2, MINT31, p14, p16, and MLH1) in 229 metastatic colorectal cancer patients using PCR amplification of bisulfite treated DNA followed by pyrosequencing. The number of methylated probes were averaged to obtain the% methylation with CIMP-High (CIMP-H) being defined as ≥40% of probes methylated. Associations of demographic and clinical characteristics, including BMI, diabetes, obesity, physical activity, smoking and drinking status, as well as presence or absence of other molecular alterations (BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA and PTEN loss) with overall survival were assessed in multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.
Results:
When treating methylation as a continuous variable, patients with BRAF mutation had higher methylation as compared to participants with BRAF wildtype (40.6% vs 20.5%, p = 0.001). White, non-Hispanic (WNH) patients had greater degree of tumor methylation (24.8%) as compared to other racial categories (p = 0.02). When classified as a categorical variable, moderate to vigorous physical activity was associated with higher rate of having any methylated probes, as compared to sedentary patients (p = 0.02). CIMP status was not associated with OS in these patients in multivariable-adjusted Cox models. However when stratified by CIMP status. When stratified by CIMP status; among patients with 0-40% methylation, KRAS mutation was associated with poor OS(HR = 3.19, p = 0.006) and diabetes was protective (HR = .14, p = 0.025). Among patients with high methylation(41-100%) methylation, obesity was associated with poor OS (HR = 5.20, p = 0.038) and former smoking was associated with poor OS(HR = 2.92, p = 0.05). When stratified by KRAS mutation status, among patients with KRAS wildtype, obesity was associated with poor OS(HR = 2.86, p = 0.019) and among patients with KRAS mutation, diabetes was protective (HR = 0.18, p = 0.033)
Conclusion and Impact:
CpG island methylator phenotype was associated with unique clinicopathologic characteristics. Methylation, as assessed by the 6-gene CIMP panel, was not associated with worse outcomes after correcting for the KRAS mutations, a well-established genetic marker of poor prognosis. Hypermethylation did appear to modulate outcomes in obese patients with hypermethylated tumors.
Citation Format: Shailesh M. Advani, Michael Sangmin Lee, Michael James Overman, David Fogelman, Bryan K. Kee, Shanequa D. Manuel, Jennifer Davis, Van Karlyle Morris, Callisia Nathelee Clarke, Carrie R. Daniel, David G. Menter, Stanley R. Hamilton, Dipen Maheshbhai Maru, Scott Kopetz. Correlation of CpG island methylation with clinical and pathologic characteristics in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4763. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4763
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen ZY, Raghav K, Lieu CH, Jiang ZQ, Eng C, Vauthey JN, Chang GJ, Qiao W, Morris J, Hong D, Hoff P, Tran H, Menter DG, Heymach J, Overman M, Kopetz S. Cytokine profile and prognostic significance of high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1088-97. [PMID: 25688736 PMCID: PMC4366901 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: High circulating neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) appears to be prognostic in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We investigated the relationship of NLR with circulating cytokines and molecular alterations. Methods: We performed retrospective analyses on multiple cohorts of CRC patients (metastatic untreated (n=166), refractory metastatic (n=161), hepatectomy (n=198), stage 2/3 (n=274), and molecularly screened (n=342)). High NLR (ratio of absolute neutrophil-to-lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood) was defined as NLR>5. Plasma cytokines were evaluated using multiplex-bead assays. Kaplan–Meier estimates, non-parametric correlation analysis, and hierarchical cluster analyses were used. Results: High NLR was associated with poor prognosis in mCRC (hazard ratio (HR) 1.73; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.03–2.89; P=0.039) independent of known prognostic factors and molecular alterations (KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA/CIMP). High NLR correlated with increased expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-2Rα, hepatocyte growth factor, macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and vascular epidermal growth factor in exploratory (n=39) and validation (n=166) cohorts. Fourteen additional cytokines correlated with high NLR in the validation cohort. All 20 cytokines fell into three major clusters: inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic cytokines, and epidermal growth factor ligands. In mCRC, composite stratification based on NLR-cytokine score provided enhanced prognostic information (HR 2.09; 95% CI: 1.59–2.76; P<0.001) over and above NLR. Conclusions: High NLR is an independent poor prognostic marker in CRC and correlates with a distinct cytokine profile related to key biological processes involved in carcinogenesis. A composite NLR-cytokine stratification has enhanced prognostic value in mCRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z-Y Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - K Raghav
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - C H Lieu
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Z-Q Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - C Eng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J-N Vauthey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - G J Chang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - W Qiao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - D Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - P Hoff
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Oncologia Clínica, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H Tran
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - D G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - M Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - S Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Menter DG, Patterson SL, Logsdon CD, Kopetz S, Sood AK, Hawk ET. Convergence of nanotechnology and cancer prevention: are we there yet? Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:973-92. [PMID: 25060262 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is emerging as a promising modality for cancer treatment; however, in the realm of cancer prevention, its full utility has yet to be determined. Here, we discuss the potential of integrating nanotechnology in cancer prevention to augment early diagnosis, precision targeting, and controlled release of chemopreventive agents, reduced toxicity, risk/response assessment, and personalized point-of-care monitoring. Cancer is a multistep, progressive disease; the functional and acquired characteristics of the early precancer phenotype are intrinsically different from those of a more advanced anaplastic or invasive malignancy. Therefore, applying nanotechnology to precancers is likely to be far more challenging than applying it to established disease. Frank cancers are more readily identifiable through imaging and biomarker and histopathologic assessment than their precancerous precursors. In addition, prevention subjects routinely have more rigorous intervention criteria than therapy subjects. Any nanopreventive agent developed to prevent sporadic cancers found in the general population must exhibit a very low risk of serious side effects. In contrast, a greater risk of side effects might be more acceptable in subjects at high risk for cancer. Using nanotechnology to prevent cancer is an aspirational goal, but clearly identifying the intermediate objectives and potential barriers is an essential first step in this exciting journey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sherri L Patterson
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ernest T Hawk
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Human platelets arise as subcellular fragments of megakaryocytes in bone marrow. The physiologic demand, presence of disease such as cancer, or drug effects can regulate the production circulating platelets. Platelet biology is essential to hemostasis, vascular integrity, angiogenesis, inflammation, innate immunity, wound healing, and cancer biology. The most critical biological platelet response is serving as "First Responders" during the wounding process. The exposure of extracellular matrix proteins and intracellular components occurs after wounding. Numerous platelet receptors recognize matrix proteins that trigger platelet activation, adhesion, aggregation, and stabilization. Once activated, platelets change shape and degranulate to release growth factors and bioactive lipids into the blood stream. This cyclic process recruits and aggregates platelets along with thrombogenesis. This process facilitates wound closure or can recognize circulating pathologic bodies. Cancer cell entry into the blood stream triggers platelet-mediated recognition and is amplified by cell surface receptors, cellular products, extracellular factors, and immune cells. In some cases, these interactions suppress immune recognition and elimination of cancer cells or promote arrest at the endothelium, or entrapment in the microvasculature, and survival. This supports survival and spread of cancer cells and the establishment of secondary lesions to serve as important targets for prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Smith TW, Yun Z, Menter DG, McIntire LV, Nicolson GL. Computerized analysis of tumor cell interactions with extracellular matrix proteins, peptides, and endothelial cells under laminar flow. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 50:598-607. [PMID: 18627023 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19960605)50:5<598::aid-bit15>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Arrest and formation of stable adhesive interactions between circulating cells and the endothelium or exposed subendothelial matrix are important processes in many biological situations. We have developed a highly sensitive hydrodynamic assay that utilizes a parallel-plate flow chamber, video microscopy, and digital image processing to separate and measure the primary arrest and adhesion stabilization of flowing cells. Our data indicate that primary cell contact triggers secondary adhesion stabilization, and the secondary events are likely to be critical to metastasis formation. To study the relationship between tumor cell adhesion stabilization and organ-specific blood-borne metastasis, we investigated the adhesion stabilization of metastatic murine RAW117 large-cell lymphoma cells to the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and vitronectin, several Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) containing peptides, and microvascular endothelial cells from the liver or lung. The highly liver metastatic RAW117-H10 subline showed the fastest stabilization to fibronectin, vitronectin, and RGD peptides. Poorly metastatic RAW117-P cells had stabilization times 3-10 times longer than for RAW117-H10 cells, while the lung- and liver-metastatic RAW117-L17 subline failed to stabilize at all. The adhesion stabilization of the RAW117-H10 cells to the extracellular matrix proteins and RGD peptides was inhibited by anti-beta(3) integrin monoclonal antibodies and RGD peptides. In contrast, the RAW117-L17 subline had the shortest stabilization time to unstimulated microvascular endothelial cells of the lung and hepatic sinusoids, followed by RAW117-H10 cells and RAW117-P cells. Monoclonal antibodies against the beta(3) integrin subunit and RGD peptides did not inhibit adhesion stabilization of RAW117-H10 cells to endothelial cells, suggesting that different metastatic variants of large-cell lymphoma cells use differing mechanisms to adhere to organ-specific endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W Smith
- Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hawk ET, Menter DG, Patterson S, Swank MW, DuBois RN. Abstract 3251: Linking prostaglandin E2 signaling, lipid rafts, and DNA protein kinase. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of death from cancer in the USA. Chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract is a significant risk factor for developing CRC. Generally, CRC involves the upregulation of inflammation-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) that is blocked by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Among the downstream prostaglandin synthases that produce bioactive prostaglandins (PGs), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthase products are proinflammatory. After export from cells, PGE2 can bind to G-protein coupled PG cell surface receptors EP2/4 and activate adenylate cyclase and elevate cAMP. In turn, cAMP activates downstream effectors such as protein kinase A (PKA) and/or exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC). We studied effects of PGE2 on PKA activation in CRC cells and their relationship to lipid raft function. After isolating lipid rafts from PGE2 stimulated cells we performed shotgun proteomics. Among the lipid raft proteins identified were DNA-protein kinase (DNA-PK), and heterodimer complex proteins Ku70 and Ku80, which we verified by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. Of these lipid raft proteins, Ku80 contained a PKA consensus phosphorylation sites and phosphorylation increased after stimulation of CRC cells by PGE2. Typically found in the nucleus, Ku70, Ku80 and DNA-PK complexes bind to DNA double-strand breaks and initiate non-homologous end joining DNA repair. These data are the first to demonstrate the Ku70, Ku80 and DNA-PK complexes in a new non-nuclear action, which involves lipid rafts and the DNA repair complex. Furthermore, PGE2 stimulated LS174T CRC cells exhibit an increase in non-nuclear pDNA-PK (S2056). Additionally, treatment of a number of colon cancer cell lines with the selective DNA-PK inhibitor Nu7026 significantly decreased cell viability in the absence of any overt DNA damaging stimuli, suggesting that non-nuclear, and in particular, lipid raft localized DNA-PK complex may play an important role in cell growth. Finally, treatment with both PGE2 and Nu7026 causes a profound change in cell morphology involving numerous spindle-like processes. These data suggest there are important downstream effects of proinflammatory PGE2 on CRC cells that influence lipid raft associated Ku70, Ku80 and DNA-PK complexes as well as cell proliferation. Support: T. Boone Pickens Distinguished Chair for Early Prevention of Cancer to E.T.H., R37 DK47297, NCI P01 CA77839, CPRIT-RP100960, Ellen F. Knisely Distinguished Chair in Colon Cancer Research, The National Colorectal Cancer Research Alliance to R.N.D. and 5U54CA151668-02 to D.G.M.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3251. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3251
Collapse
|
44
|
Menter DG, Ramsauer VP, Harirforoosh S, Chakraborty K, Yang P, Hsi L, Newman RA, Krishnan K. Differential effects of pravastatin and simvastatin on the growth of tumor cells from different organ sites. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28813. [PMID: 22216116 PMCID: PMC3245236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, commonly known as statins, may possess cancer preventive and therapeutic properties. Statins are effective suppressors of cholesterol synthesis with a well-established risk-benefit ratio in cardiovascular disease prevention. Mechanistically, targeting HMGCR activity primarily influences cholesterol biosynthesis and prenylation of signaling proteins. Pravastatin is a hydrophilic statin that is selectively taken up by a sodium-independent organic anion transporter protein-1B1 (OATP1B1) exclusively expressed in liver. Simvastatin is a hydrophobic statin that enters cells by other mechanisms. Poorly-differentiated and well-differentiated cancer cell lines were selected from various tissues and examined for their response to these two statins. Simvastatin inhibited the growth of most tumor cell lines more effectively than pravastatin in a dose dependent manner. Poorly-differentiated cancer cells were generally more responsive to simvastatin than well-differentiated cancer cells, and the levels of HMGCR expression did not consistently correlate with response to statin treatment. Pravastatin had a significant effect on normal hepatocytes due to facilitated uptake and a lesser effect on prostate PC3 and colon Caco-2 cancer cells since the OATP1B1 mRNA and protein were only found in the normal liver and hepatocytes. The inhibition of cell growth was accompanied by distinct alterations in mitochondrial networks and dramatic changes in cellular morphology related to cofilin regulation and loss of p-caveolin. Both statins, hydrophilic pravastatin and hypdrophobic simvastatin caused redistribution of OATP1B1 and HMGCR to perinuclear sites. In conclusion, the specific chemical properties of different classes of statins dictate mechanistic properties which may be relevant when evaluating biological responses to statins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G. Menter
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Victoria P. Ramsauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sam Harirforoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kanishka Chakraborty
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Linda Hsi
- Department of Cell Biology, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention. The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Newman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Koyamangalath Krishnan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Holla VR, Wu H, Shi Q, Menter DG, DuBois RN. Nuclear orphan receptor NR4A2 modulates fatty acid oxidation pathways in colorectal cancer. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30003-9. [PMID: 21757690 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.184697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cancer cells have traditionally been thought to rely on the glycolytic pathway to generate ATP, recent studies suggest that cancer cells can shift to the fatty acid oxidation pathway as an alternative energy source. All of the factors that induce and regulate this adaptive shift in metabolism are not known. Cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is produced at high levels in colon cancer, and multiple lines of evidence from human-, animal-, and cell line-based studies indicate that PGE(2) plays a pro-oncogenic role in colorectal cancer progression. We have shown previously that exposure of colon cancer cells to PGE(2) promotes cell survival, in part by inducing the expression of the nuclear orphan receptor NR4A2. Here, we report that PGE(2)-induced NR4A2 increased fatty acid oxidation by inducing the expression of multiple proteins in the fatty acid oxidation pathway. NR4A2 was found to bind directly to Nur77-binding response elements located within the regulatory region of these genes. Nur77-binding response element binding also resulted in the recruitment of transcriptional coactivators and induction of gene expression. Collectively, our findings suggest that NR4A2 plays a key role as a transcriptional integration point between the eicosanoid and fatty acid metabolic pathways. Thus, PGE(2) is a potential regulator of the adaptive shift to energy utilization via fatty acid oxidation that has been observed in several types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar R Holla
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Campbell SE, Rudder B, Phillips RB, Whaley SG, Stimmel JB, Leesnitzer LM, Lightner J, Dessus-Babus S, Duffourc M, Stone WL, Menter DG, Newman RA, Yang P, Aggarwal BB, Krishnan K. γ-Tocotrienol induces growth arrest through a novel pathway with TGFβ2 in prostate cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1344-54. [PMID: 21335085 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regions along the Mediterranean and in southern Asia have lower prostate cancer incidence compared to the rest of the world. It has been hypothesized that one of the potential contributing factors for this low incidence includes a higher intake of tocotrienols. Here we examine the potential of γ-tocotrienol (GT3) to reduce prostate cancer proliferation and focus on elucidating pathways by which GT3 could exert a growth-inhibitory effect on prostate cancer cells. We find that the γ and δ isoforms of tocotrienol are more effective at inhibiting the growth of prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP) compared with the γ and δ forms of tocopherol. Knockout of PPAR-γ and GT3 treatment show inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth, through a partially PPAR-γ-dependent mechanism. GT3 treatment increases the levels of the 15-lipoxygenase-2 enzyme, which is responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to the PPAR-γ-activating ligand 15-S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid. In addition, the latent precursor and the mature forms of TGFβ2 are down-regulated after treatment with GT3, with concomitant disruptions in TGFβ receptor I, SMAD-2, p38, and NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li J, Suraokar MB, Tsavachidou D, Menter DG, Kim J. Abstract 4612: Cell-type dependent responses to selenium and knockdown of SBP2. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-4612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Selenium is a trace element essential for human health. Evidence from previous epidemiologic studies and clinical trials suggested that selenium is associated with prostate cancer prevention, but its failure in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) to reduce prostate cancer incidence diminished its promise. The question of whether some patients could benefit from selenium supplementation while others might not demands a clearer understanding of selenium's mechanisms of action. One of the ways in which selenium acts as a chemopreventive agent is through incorporation into selenoproteins, which are antioxidant enzymes required to maintain redox homeostasis; however, selenoproteins’ large number and redundant functions make analyzing their effects on cellular functions difficult. Therefore, we recently targeted selenocysteine insertion sequence-binding protein 2 (SBP2), required for selenoprotein synthesis; knocked down SBP2 expression in different cell lines; and examined the effect on cell survival, cell cycle, and cell survival pathways. We found that knocking down SBP2 resulted in apoptosis in NIH/3T3 and HEK-293 cells, especially in the presence of H2O2. Interestingly abrogation of SBP2 function affected the level of p21 protein in a cell type-specific manner. Additionally, sodium selenite or seleno-methionine treatment led to distinct changes in p21 and p53 protein status in HEK-293, LNCaP, and DU145 cells. Molecular effects induced by knocking down SBP2 were cell-type dependent. Further studies involving a combinational approach are expected to contribute to understanding how selenium and selenoproteins mediate chemopreventive effects in prostate cancer.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4612. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4612
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- 1UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Jeri Kim
- 1UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
AbstractMetastasis formation is dependent on the arrest and stabilization of adhesive interactions to prevent detachment from secondary sites. Primary receptor-ligand interactions are not sufficient to maintain prolonged adhesive contacts without secondary events that lead to stabilization. Tumor cell arrest and stabilization were studied under physiologically relevant shear conditions. We used a parallel-plate flow chamber with surfaces coated with human plasma fibronectin or vitronectin. Our previous work suggested that stabilization of cells to immobilized proteins is in part attributed to transglutaminase covalently cross-linking cytoskeletal-integrin-fibronectin multiprotein complexes via lysine-glutamine linkages. To study the role of integrins in mediating arrest and initiating stabilization we used a human melanoma line (70w) and polyclonal antibodies that inhibit the function of the fibronectin (α5β1) and vitronectin (αvβ3/β5) integrin receptors. To confirm the role of integrins in initiating stabilization we used CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells selected for low levels of α5β1integrin expression and integrin transfected CHO cells selected for α5βloverexpression. The level of fibronectin receptor surface expression was inversely related to the adhesion stabilization lag time. These studies confirmed that integrins are essential for mediating arrest and initiating stabilization. They also confirm that secondary events are necessary for complete stabilization to occur. Finally, it is important to note that the arrest and stabilization methods we have developed are capable of detecting biologic effects at far greater sensitivity than static adhesion assays. Some examples of pharmacologic agents or biomaterials effects that can be detected using stabilization assays include: 1) very low drug doses, 2) very low levels of peptide, carbohydrate, and antibody inhibitors, 3) slight modification of endogenous protein expression by antisense oligonucleotides or transfected genetic expression constructs.
Collapse
|
49
|
Kim SH, Xia D, Kim SW, Holla V, Menter DG, Dubois RN. Human enhancer of filamentation 1 Is a mediator of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha-mediated migration in colorectal carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 2010; 70:4054-63. [PMID: 20442290 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human enhancer of filamentation 1 (HEF1; also known as NEDD9 or Cas-L) is a scaffolding protein that is implicated in regulating diverse cellular processes, such as cellular attachment, motility, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and inflammation. Here, we identify HEF1 as a novel hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha)-regulated gene and reveal that HEF1 mediates hypoxia-induced migration of colorectal carcinoma cells. HEF1 is highly expressed in cultured colorectal carcinoma cells exposed to hypoxia and in the hypoxic areas of human colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens. Moreover, our data show that HIF-1alpha mediates the effects of hypoxia on induction of HEF1 expression via binding to a hypoxia-responsive element of the HEF1 promoter. Importantly, the induction of HEF1 expression significantly enhances hypoxia-stimulated HIF-1alpha transcriptional activity by modulating the interaction between HIF-1alpha and its transcriptional cofactor p300. Inhibition of HEF1 expression also reduced the levels of hypoxia-inducible genes, including those that regulate cell motility. Cell migration was reduced dramatically following knockdown of HEF1 expression under hypoxic conditions. Thus, this positive feedback loop may contribute to adaptive responses of carcinoma cells encountering hypoxia during cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kim SH, Xia D, Kim SW, Holla V, Menter DG, DuBois RN. Abstract 465: Human enhancer of filamentation 1 is a mediator of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha-mediated migration in colorectal carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Human enhancer of filamentation 1 (HEF1, also known as NEDD9 or Cas-L) is a scaffolding protein that is implicated in regulating diverse cellular processes, including cellular attachment, motility, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and inflammation. Here, we identify HEF1 as a novel hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) regulating gene and reveal that HEF1 mediates hypoxia-induced migration of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Moreover, we found that HIF-1α binds to a hypoxia-responsive element (HRE) of the HEF1 promoter to activate its transcription under hypoxic conditions. We further demonstrate that inhibition of HIF-1α expression abolished hypoxia-induced HEF1 expression and promoter activity in CRC cells. Importantly, silencing of HEF1 significantly inhibited hypoxia-stimulated HIF-1α transcriptional activity by preventing the interaction between HIF-1α and the transcriptional coactivator p300. HEF1 silencing also reduced the expression of hypoxia-inducible genes including those regulating cell motility and inhibited cell migration under hypoxic conditions. Thus, the positive feedback loop may contribute to adaptive responses by CRC cells that encounter hypoxia during CRC progression.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 465.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sang-Wook Kim
- 2Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea, Republic of
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|