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Fesmire CC, Williamson RH, Petrella RA, Kaufman JD, Topasna N, Sano MB. Integrated Time Nanosecond Pulse Irreversible Electroporation (INSPIRE): Assessment of Dose, Temperature, and Voltage on Experimental and Clinical Treatment Outcomes. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:1511-1520. [PMID: 38145519 PMCID: PMC11035095 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3340718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to investigate a novel strategy using temperature-controlled delivery of nanosecond pulsed electric fields as an alternative to the 50-100 microsecond pulses used for irreversible electroporation. METHODS INSPIRE treatments were carried out at two temperatures in 3D tumor models using doses between 0.001 s and 0.1 s. The resulting treatment zones were quantified using viability staining and lethal electric field intensities were determined numerically. Computational modeling was then used to determine parameters necessary for INSPIRE treatments to achieve equivalent treatment zones to clinical electroporation treatments and evaluate the potential for these treatments to induce deleterious thermal damage. RESULTS Lethal thresholds between 1109 and 709 V/cm were found for nominal 0.01 s treatments with pulses between 350 ns and 2000 ns at physiological temperatures. Further increases in dose resulted in significant decreases in lethal thresholds. Given these experimental results, treatment zones comparable to clinical electroporation are possible by increasing the dose and voltage used with nanosecond duration pulses. Temperature-controlled simulations indicate minimal thermal cell death while achieving equivalent treatment volumes to clinical electroporation. CONCLUSION Nanosecond electrical pulses can achieve comparable outcomes to traditional electroporation provided sufficient electrical doses or voltages are applied. The use of temperature-controlled delivery may minimize thermal damage during treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Intense muscle stimulation and the need for cardiac gating have limited irreversible electroporation. Nanosecond pulses can alleviate these challenges, but traditionally have produced significantly smaller treatment zones. This study suggests that larger ablation volumes may be possible with the INSPIRE approach and that future in vivo studies are warranted.
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Li C, Zhao G, Zou W, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Liu R. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous high-frequency irreversible electroporation in porcine livers using four electrode needles: A feasibility and safety study. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7035. [PMID: 38491833 PMCID: PMC10943371 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant liver tumors seriously endanger human health. Among different therapeutic approaches, high-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) is a recently emerging tumor ablation technique. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous H-FIRE using four electrode needles in porcine livers. METHODS Twelve experimental pigs underwent percutaneous H-FIRE ablation using a compound steep-pulse therapeutic device. Liver tissues adjacent to the gallbladder, blood vessels, and bile ducts were selected as the ablation targets. Pigs were randomly divided into three groups: (1) immediately after ablation (N = 4), (2) 2 days after ablation (N = 4), and (3) 7 days after ablation (N = 4). Blood routine, liver and kidney function, and myocardial enzyme levels were measured before and after ablation. Ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed to evaluate the ablation performance. RESULTS Ultrasound-guided percutaneous H-FIRE ablations using four electrode needles were successfully performed in all 12 experimental pigs. The general conditions of the pigs, including postoperative activities and feeding behaviors, were normal, with no significant changes compared with the preoperative conditions. The imaging features of ultrasound, CEUS, and MRI demonstrated no significant changes in the gallbladder walls, bile ducts, or blood vessels close to the ablation areas. Laboratory tests showed that liver function indices and myocardial enzymes increased temporarily after H-FIRE ablation, but decreased to normal levels at 7 days after ablation. Histopathological examinations of porcine liver specimens showed that this technique could effectively ablate the target areas without damaging the surrounding or internal vascular systems and gallbladder. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the feasibility and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous H-FIRE ablation in porcine livers in vivo, and proposed a four-needle method to optimize its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Tian Li
- Faculty of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Guo‐Dong Zhao
- Faculty of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Wen‐Bo Zou
- Faculty of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLABeijingChina
- Department of General SurgeryNo. 924 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support ForceGuilinChina
| | | | - Yi Zhao
- Faculty of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Rong Liu
- Faculty of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLABeijingChina
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Hu Q, Zuo H, Hsu JC, Zeng C, Zhou T, Sun Z, Cai W, Tang Z, Chen W. The Emerging Landscape for Combating Resistance Associated with Energy-Based Therapies via Nanomedicine. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2308286. [PMID: 37971203 PMCID: PMC10872442 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer represents a serious disease with significant implications for public health, imposing substantial economic burden and negative societal consequences. Compared to conventional cancer treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy, energy-based therapies (ET) based on athermal and thermal ablation provide distinct advantages, including minimally invasive procedures and rapid postoperative recovery. Nevertheless, due to the complex pathophysiology of many solid tumors, the therapeutic effectiveness of ET is often limited. Nanotechnology offers unique opportunities by enabling facile material designs, tunable physicochemical properties, and excellent biocompatibility, thereby further augmenting the outcomes of ET. Numerous nanomaterials have demonstrated the ability to overcome intrinsic therapeutic resistance associated with ET, leading to improved antitumor responses. This comprehensive review systematically summarizes the underlying mechanisms of ET-associated resistance (ETR) and highlights representative applications of nanoplatforms used to mitigate ETR. Overall, this review emphasizes the recent advances in the field and presents a detailed account of novel nanomaterial designs in combating ETR, along with efforts aimed at facilitating their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitao Hu
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Huali Zuo
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Jessica C. Hsu
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Zhouyi Sun
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Chen
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
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Narayanan G, Koethe Y, Gentile N. Irreversible Electroporation of the Hepatobiliary System: Current Utilization and Future Avenues. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:251. [PMID: 38399539 PMCID: PMC10890312 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide despite numerous advances in treatment. While surgical resection remains the gold standard for curative treatment, it is only possible for a minority of patients. Thermal ablation is an effective option for the treatment of smaller tumors; however, its use is limited to tumors that are not located in proximity to sensitive structures due to the heat sink effect and the potential of thermal damage. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal ablative modality that can deliver targeted treatment and the effective destruction of tumors that are in close proximity to or even surrounding vascular or biliary ducts with minimal damage to these structures. IRE produces short pulses of high-frequency energy which opens pores in the lipid bilayer of cells leading to apoptosis and cell death. IRE has been utilized clinically for over a decade in the treatment of liver cancers with multiple studies documenting an acceptable safety profile and high efficacy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Narayanan
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA;
- Miami Cardiac and Vascular, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 North Kendall Drive, Miami, FL 33176, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | | | - Nicole Gentile
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA;
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Frühling P, Stillström D, Holmquist F, Nilsson A, Freedman J. Irreversible electroporation of hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer liver metastases: A nationwide multicenter study with short- and long-term follow-up. Eur J Surg Oncol 2023; 49:107046. [PMID: 37716017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A nationwide multicenter study was performed to examine short- and long-term effects of irreversible electroporation (IRE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). IRE is an alternative method when thermal ablation is contraindicated because of risk for serious thermal complications. METHODS All consecutive patients in Sweden treated with IRE because of HCC or CRCLM, were included between 2011 and 2018. We evaluated medical records and radiological imaging to obtain information regarding patient-, tumor-, and treatment characteristics. We also assessed local tumor progression, and survival. RESULTS In total 206 tumors in 149 patients were treated with IRE. Eighty-seven patients (58.4%) had colorectal cancer liver metastases, and 62 patients (41.6%) had hepatocellular carcinoma. Median tumor size was 20 mm (i.q.r. 14-26 mm). Median overall survival for CRCLM and HCC, were 27.0 months (95% CI 22.2-31.8 months), and 35.0 months (95% CI 13.8-56.2 months), respectively. Median follow-up time was 58 months (95% CI 50.6-65.4). Local ablation success at six and twelve months for HCC was 58.3% and 40.3%, and for CRCLM 37.7% and 25.4%. The median time to local tumor progression (LTP) for HCC was 21.0 months (95% CI: 9.5-32.5 months), and for CRCLM 6.0 months (95% CI: 4.5-7.5 months). At 30-day follow-up, 15.4% (n = 23) of patients suffered from a complication rated as Clavien-Dindo grade 1-3a. Three patients (2.0%) had grade 3b-5 with one death in a thromboembolic event. CONCLUSION IRE is a safe ablation modality for patients with liver tumors that are located in such a way that other treatment options are unsuitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Frühling
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - David Stillström
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet at Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Holmquist
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob Freedman
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet at Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wong JK, Lim HJ, Tam VC, Burak KW, Dawson LA, Chaudhury P, Abraham RJ, Meyers BM, Sapisochin G, Valenti D, Samimi S, Ramjeesingh R, Mujoomdar A, Martins I, Dixon E, Segedi M, Liu DM. Clinical consensus statement: Establishing the roles of locoregional and systemic therapies for the treatment of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in Canada. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 115:102526. [PMID: 36924644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and approximately one-third of patients present with intermediate-stage disease. The treatment landscape of intermediate-stage HCC is rapidly evolving due to developments in local, locoregional and systemic therapies. Treatment recommendations focused on this heterogenous disease stage and that take into account the Canadian reality are lacking. To address this gap, a pan-Canadian group of experts in hepatology, transplant, surgery, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine, interventional radiology, and medical oncology came together to develop consensus recommendations on management of intermediate-stage HCC relevant to the Canadian context. METHODS A modified Delphi framework was used to develop consensus statements with strengths of recommendation and supporting levels of evidence graded using the AHA/ACC classification system. Tentative consensus statements were drafted based on a systematic search and expert input in a series of iterative feedback cycles and were then circulated via online survey to assess the level of agreement. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The pre-defined ratification threshold of 80 % agreement was reached for all statements in the areas of multidisciplinary treatment (n = 4), intra-arterial therapy (n = 14), biologics (n = 5), radiation therapy (n = 3), surgical resection and transplantation (n = 7), and percutaneous ablative therapy (n = 4). These generally reflected an expansion in treatment options due to developments in previously established or emergent techniques, introduction of new and more active therapies and increased therapeutic flexibility. These developments have allowed for greater treatment tailoring and personalization as well as a paradigm shift toward strategies with curative intent in a wider range of disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Wong
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Howard J Lim
- BC Cancer Agency, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada.
| | - Vincent C Tam
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, 1331 29 St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
| | - Kelly W Burak
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Laura A Dawson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada.
| | | | - Robert J Abraham
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Brandon M Meyers
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, 699 Concession St, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada.
| | | | - David Valenti
- McGill University, 845 Rue Sherbrooke O, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.
| | - Setareh Samimi
- Hopital Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, University of Montreal, 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montréal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada.
| | - Ravi Ramjeesingh
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Amol Mujoomdar
- Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Ilidio Martins
- Kaleidoscope Strategic, Inc. 1 King Street W, Suite 4800 - 117, Toronto, ON M5H 1A1, Canada.
| | - Elijah Dixon
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Maja Segedi
- Department of Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, Jim Pattison Pavilion, 899 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - David M Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Gong X, Chen Z, Hu JJ, Liu C. Advances of Electroporation-Related Therapies and the Synergy with Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1942. [PMID: 36423037 PMCID: PMC9692484 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is the process of instantaneously increasing the permeability of a cell membrane under a pulsed electric field. Depending on the parameters of the electric pulses and the target cell electrophysiological characteristics, electroporation can be either reversible or irreversible. Reversible electroporation facilitates the delivery of functional genetic materials or drugs to target cells, inducing cell death by apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, or pseudoapoptosis; irreversible electroporation is an ablative technology which directly ablates a large amount of tissue without causing harmful thermal effects; electrotherapy using an electric field can induce cell apoptosis without any aggressive invasion. Reversible and irreversible electroporation can also activate systemic antitumor immune response and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss recent progress related to electroporation, and summarize its latest applications. Further, we discuss the synergistic effects of electroporation-related therapies and immunotherapy. We also propose perspectives for further investigating electroporation and immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
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Tasu JP, Tougeron D, Rols MP. Irreversible electroporation and electrochemotherapy in oncology: State of the art. Diagn Interv Imaging 2022; 103:499-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Xu M, Yang L, Lin Y, Lu Y, Bi X, Jiang T, Deng W, Zhang L, Yi W, Xie Y, Li M. Emerging nanobiotechnology for precise theranostics of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:427. [PMID: 36175957 PMCID: PMC9524074 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer has become the second most fatal cancer in the world, and its five-year survival rate is only 10%. Most patients are in the middle and advanced stages at the time of diagnosis, losing the opportunity for radical treatment. Liver cancer is not sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. At present, conventional molecularly targeted drugs for liver cancer show some problems, such as short residence time, poor drug enrichment, and drug resistance. Therefore, developing new diagnosis and treatment methods to effectively improve the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term prognosis of liver cancer is urgent. As an emerging discipline, nanobiotechnology, based on safe, stable, and efficient nanomaterials, constructs highly targeted nanocarriers according to the unique characteristics of tumors and further derives a variety of efficient diagnosis and treatment methods based on this transport system, providing a new method for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. This paper aims to summarize the latest progress in this field according to existing research and the latest clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as clarify the role, application limitations, and prospects of research on nanomaterials and the development and application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Xu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yanjie Lin
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Xiaoyue Bi
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China. .,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China. .,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
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Belfiore MP, De Chiara M, Reginelli A, Clemente A, Urraro F, Grassi R, Belfiore G, Cappabianca S. An overview of the irreversible electroporation for the treatment of liver metastases: When to use it. Front Oncol 2022; 12:943176. [PMID: 36119531 PMCID: PMC9477084 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.943176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour ablation is an established therapy for local treatment of liver metastases and hepatocellular carcinoma. Most commonly two different kind of thermic ablation, radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation, are used in clinical practice. The aim of both is to induce thermic damage to the malignant cells in order to obtain coagulative necrosis of the neoplastic lesions. Our main concerns about these procedures are the collateral thermic damage to adjacent structures and heat-sink effect. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a recently developed, non-thermal ablation procedure which works applying short pulses of direct current that generate an electric field in the lesion area. The electric field increase the transmembrane potential, changing its permeability to ions.Irreversible electroporation does not generate heat, giving the chance to avoid the heat-sink effect and opening the path to a better treatment of all the lesions located in close proximity to big vessels and bile ducts. Electric fields produced by the IRE may affect endothelial cells and cholangiocytes but they spare the collagen matrix, preserving re-epithelization process as well as the function of the damaged structures. Purpose of the authors is to identify the different scenarios where CT-guided percutaneous IRE of the liver should be preferred to other ablative techniques and why.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Belfiore
- Division of Radiology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Paola Belfiore,
| | - Marco De Chiara
- Division of Radiology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Reginelli
- Division of Radiology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfredo Clemente
- Division of Radiology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Urraro
- Division of Radiology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Grassi
- Division of Radiology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Belfiore
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Nursing home L.Cobellis, Vallo della Lucania Salerno, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cappabianca
- Division of Radiology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
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Yang J, Guo W, Lu M. Recent Perspectives on the Mechanism of Recurrence After Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Mini-Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:895678. [PMID: 36081558 PMCID: PMC9445307 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.895678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Hepatectomy, liver transplantation, and ablation are the three radical treatments for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (ESHCC), but not all patients are fit for or can tolerate surgery; moreover, liver donors are limited. Therefore, ablation plays an important role in the treatment of ESHCC. However, some studies have shown that ablation has a higher local recurrence (LR) rate than hepatectomy and liver transplantation. The specific mechanism is unknown. The latest perspectives on the mechanism of recurrence after ablation of HCC were described and summarized. In this review, we discussed the possible mechanisms of recurrence after ablation of HCC, including epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), activating autophagy, changes in non-coding RNA, and changes in the tumor microenvironment. A systematic and comprehensive understanding of the mechanism will contribute to the research and development of related treatment, combined with ablation to improve the therapeutic effect in patients with ESHCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Yang
- The School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ultrasound Medical Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Guo
- Institute of Materia Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Man Lu
- The School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ultrasound Medical Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Man Lu,
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Xu M, Xu D, Dong G, Ren Z, Zhang W, Aji T, Zhao Q, Chen X, Jiang T. The Safety and Efficacy of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Phase 1 Clinical Study Protocol. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869316. [PMID: 35912221 PMCID: PMC9328750 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an ablative modality that uses high-voltage electrical pulses to permeabilize the cell membrane leading to cell necrosis. Unlike traditional thermal ablation, IRE is hardly affected by the “heat-sink” effect and can prevent damage of the adjacent vital structures. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is a new IRE technique using ultra-short pulses (nanosecond duration), can not only penetrate the cell membranes, but also act on the organelles. Sufficient preclinical researches have shown that nsPEF can eliminate HCC without damaging vital organs, and elicit potent anti-tumor immune response. Objective This is the first clinical study to evaluate feasibility, efficacy, and safety of nsPEF for the treatment of HCC, where thermal ablation is unsuitable due to proximity to critical structures. Methods and analysis We will conduct an open-labeled, single-arm, prospective, multicenter, and objective performance criteria trial. One hundred and ninety-two patients with HCC, in which the tumor is located immediately (<0.5 cm) adjacent to the portal vein, hepatic veins, bile duct, gastrointestinal tract, or diaphragm, will be enrolled among 4 academic medical centers. The primary outcomes are the rate of complete ablation at 1 month and adverse events. Secondary outcomes include technical success, technique efficacy, nsPEF procedural characteristics, local tumor progression, and local progression-free survival. Ethics and dissemination The trial will be conducted according to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the ethics committee of all participating centers. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and presented at relevant academic conferences. Conclusions This study is the Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nsPEF in patients with HCC at high-risk locations where thermal ablation is contra-indicated. The results may expand the options and offer an alternative therapy for HCC. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04309747.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danxia Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wu Zhang
- Shulan International Medical College, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tuerganaili Aji
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiyu Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhua Chen, ; Tian’an Jiang,
| | - Tian’an Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhua Chen, ; Tian’an Jiang,
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Partridge BR, Kani Y, Lorenzo MF, Campelo SN, Allen IC, Hinckley J, Hsu FC, Verbridge SS, Robertson JL, Davalos RV, Rossmeisl JH. High-Frequency Irreversible Electroporation (H-FIRE) Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Is Mediated by Cytoskeletal Remodeling and Changes in Tight Junction Protein Regulation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1384. [PMID: 35740406 PMCID: PMC9220673 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the deadliest malignant brain tumor. Its location behind the blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a therapeutic challenge by preventing effective delivery of most chemotherapeutics. H-FIRE is a novel tumor ablation method that transiently disrupts the BBB through currently unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that H-FIRE mediated BBB disruption (BBBD) occurs via cytoskeletal remodeling and alterations in tight junction (TJ) protein regulation. Intracranial H-FIRE was delivered to Fischer rats prior to sacrifice at 1-, 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96 h post-treatment. Cytoskeletal proteins and native and ubiquitinated TJ proteins (TJP) were evaluated using immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, and gene-expression arrays on treated and sham control brain lysates. Cytoskeletal and TJ protein expression were further evaluated with immunofluorescent microscopy. A decrease in the F/G-actin ratio, decreased TJP concentrations, and increased ubiquitination of TJP were observed 1-48 h post-H-FIRE compared to sham controls. By 72-96 h, cytoskeletal and TJP expression recovered to pretreatment levels, temporally corresponding with increased claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1 gene expression. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed significant dysregulation of claudin genes, centered around claudin-6 in H-FIRE treated rats. In conclusion, H-FIRE is capable of permeating the BBB in a spatiotemporal manner via cytoskeletal-mediated TJP modulation. This minimally invasive technology presents with applications for localized and long-lived enhanced intracranial drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittanie R. Partridge
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (B.R.P.); (Y.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Yukitaka Kani
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (B.R.P.); (Y.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Melvin F. Lorenzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.F.L.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Sabrina N. Campelo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.F.L.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.C.A.); (S.S.V.); (J.L.R.); (R.V.D.)
- Center of Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jonathan Hinckley
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (B.R.P.); (Y.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Scott S. Verbridge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.C.A.); (S.S.V.); (J.L.R.); (R.V.D.)
- Center of Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John L. Robertson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (I.C.A.); (S.S.V.); (J.L.R.); (R.V.D.)
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.F.L.); (S.N.C.)
- Center of Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John H. Rossmeisl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (B.R.P.); (Y.K.); (J.H.)
- Center of Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Poulkouras R, Dijk G, Lefevre M, Bača M, Moreau D, O'Connor RP. PEDOT:PSS coated electrodes reduce intracellular oxidation and cell damage with pulsed electric field application. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 147:108163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Liu B, Fu D, Fan Y, Wang Z, Lang X. Irreversible electroporation versus radiofrequency ablation for malignant hepatic tumor: A prospective single-center double-arm trial. J Interv Med 2022; 5:89-94. [PMID: 35936662 PMCID: PMC9349015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jimed.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a nonthermal ablation technique for the treatment of malignant liver tumors. IRE has demonstrated efficacy and safety in the treatment of malignant liver tumors and its unique advantages in the treatment of nearby vascular lesions. This study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and intermediate-term outcomes of IRE and radiofrequency (RF) therapy in malignant liver tumors. Methods Twenty-four patients with primary or secondary liver malignancies were included in this prospective, double-arm clinical trial. Patients were randomly divided into the IRE and RF groups. The primary outcome was the efficacy (local ablation control evaluation at 90 days). The secondary outcomes were safety (procedure-related complications at ≤ 90 days) and intermediate-term survival (at 24 months). Results The ablation assessment at 90 days after surgery with mRECIST for IRE versus RF were 70%, 20%, 0%, and 10% versus 92.9%, 7.1%, 0%, and 0% (CR, PR, SD, and PD, respectively). The complication rates of IRE versus RF with Clavien-Dindo classification were 16.7%, 25%, 0%, 8.3%, and 8.3% versus 8.3%, 50%, 0%, 0%, and 0% (Grade I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively). The average overall survival (OS) was 17.55 months in the IRE group (95% CI 15.13-22.37) and 18.75 months in the RF group (95% CI 12.48-22.61). There was no statistical difference between the IRE and RF groups in terms of efficacy (p = 0.48), safety(p = 0.887), or 24-month OS (p = 0.959). Conclusions IRE ablation revealed similar efficacy and safety in a short-term follow-up, and similar OS in mid-term survival as RF ablation in treating malignant hepatic tumors. A prospective single-center double-arm clinical trial of IRE/RF. Study compared efficacy, safety in short-term and intermediate-term overall survival of IRE and RF in liver malignant tumors. All procedures were performed with CT-guided percutaneous ablation..
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Zhao Y, McKillop IH, Davalos RV. Modeling of a single bipolar electrode with tines for irreversible electroporation delivery. Comput Biol Med 2022; 142:104870. [PMID: 35051854 PMCID: PMC10037907 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal tumor ablation technology employed to treat solid tumors not amenable to resection or thermal ablation. The IRE systems currently in clinical use deliver electrical pulses via multiple monopolar electrodes. This approach can present significant technical challenges due to the requirement for accurate placement of multiple electrodes and maintenance of parallel electrode alignment during pulse delivery. In this study, we sought to evaluate a novel IRE electrode configuration consisting of a single bipolar electrode with deployable tines. Using commercial finite element software predicted ablation outcomes, thermal damage, ablation sphericity, and energy delivery were calculated for existing monopolar and bipolar electrodes, and bipolar electrodes with either 4 or 8 deployable tines. The bipolar electrodes with tines generated larger predicted ablations compared to existing monopolar (>100%) and bipolar (>10%) arrangements, and the ablation shape using bipolar electrodes with tines were more spherical than those modeled for bipolar electrodes. Thermal damage modeled for bipolar electrodes and bipolar electrodes with tines was less than that of monopolar electrodes (using identical pulse parameters), and bipolar electrodes with tines delivered less energy than monopolar or bipolar electrodes. These studies using a single point of device insertion suggest the potential for developing alternative IRE delivery techniques, and may simplify clinical use and increase the predicted ablation shape/volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhao
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech. University, Nanjing, 211816, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Iain H McKillop
- Department of Surgery, Atrium Health, 1000 Blythe Boulevard, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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17
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Zhang N, Li Z, Han X, Zhu Z, Li Z, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Lv Y. Irreversible Electroporation: An Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapy on Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2022; 12:811726. [PMID: 35069599 PMCID: PMC8777104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE), a novel non-thermal ablation technique, is utilized to ablate unresectable solid tumors and demonstrates favorable safety and efficacy in the clinic. IRE applies electric pulses to alter the cell transmembrane voltage and causes nanometer-sized membrane defects or pores in the cells, which leads to loss of cell homeostasis and ultimately results in cell death. The major drawbacks of IRE are incomplete ablation and susceptibility to recurrence, which limit its clinical application. Recent studies have shown that IRE promotes the massive release of intracellular concealed tumor antigens that become an “in-situ tumor vaccine,” inducing a potential antitumor immune response to kill residual tumor cells after ablation and inhibiting local recurrence and distant metastasis. Therefore, IRE can be regarded as a potential immunomodulatory therapy, and combined with immunotherapy, it can exhibit synergistic treatment effects on malignant tumors, which provides broad application prospects for tumor treatment. This work reviewed the current status of the clinical efficacy of IRE in tumor treatment, summarized the characteristics of local and systemic immune responses induced by IRE in tumor-bearing organisms, and analyzed the specific mechanisms of the IRE-induced immune response. Moreover, we reviewed the current research progress of IRE combined with immunotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors. Based on the findings, we present deficiencies of current preclinical studies of animal models and analyze possible reasons and solutions. We also propose possible demands for clinical research. This review aimed to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the combination of IRE with immunotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zhang
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuoqun Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Han
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhujun Li
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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18
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Yu M, Li S. Irreversible electroporation for liver cancer ablation: A meta analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 48:1321-1330. [PMID: 35012834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of IRE in the treatment of hepatic malignant tumors, especially the damage to the gastrointestinal tract, bile ducts, and vital vessels. METHODS The relevant literatures published from January 1, 2010 to July 1, 2021 were searched from PubMed and Embase databases. The following keywords were applied: "irreversible electroporation", "IRE", "unresectable Hepa∗ cancer", "ablation" and "ablation therapy". RESULTS Twenty-six studies were identified covering 807 participants and 1115 lesions. The complete ablation rate of liver cancer by IRE was 86% (95% CI: 81%-90%). The incidence of IRE-related complications was 23% (95% CI: 17%-28%), but most of them were minor, major complications such as biliary fistula, intestinal fistula and massive hemorrhage were rare. CONCLUSION Meta-analysis showed that IRE ablation is safe and effective for liver cancer treatment. Bile duct, intestine and blood vessels adjacent to the tumors are rarely damaged by IRE ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoli Yu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China.
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China.
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Qian K, Zhang F, Allison SK, Zheng C, Yang X. Image-guided locoregional non-intravascular interventional treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status. J Interv Med 2021; 4:1-7. [PMID: 34805939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jimed.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly and frequent cancers worldwide, although great advancement in the treatment of this malignancy have been made within the past few decades. It continues to be a major health issue due to an increasing incidence and a poor prognosis. The majority of patients have their HCC diagnosed at an intermediate or advanced stage in theUSA or China. Curative therapy such as surgical resection or liver transplantation is not considered anoption of treatment at these stages. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), the most widely used locoregional therapeutic approach, used to be the mainstay of treatment for cases with unresectable cancer entities. However, for those patients with hypovascular tumors or impaired liver function reserve, TACE is a suboptimal treatment option. For example, embolization does not result in complete coverage of a hypovascular tumor, and may rather promotes postoperative tumor recurrence, or leave residual tumor, in these TACE-resistance patients. In addition, TACE carries a higher risk of hepatic decompensation in patients with poor liver function or reserve. Non-vascular interventional locoregional therapies for HCC include radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT), cryosurgical ablation (CSA), irreversible Electroporation (IRE), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), and brachytherapy. Recent advancements in these techniques have significantly improved the treatment efficacy of HCC and expanded the population of patients who qualify for treatment. This review embraces the current status of imaging-guided locoregional non-intravascular interventional treatments for HCCs, with a primary focus on the clinical evaluation and assessment of the efficacy of combined therapies using these interventional techniques.
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Ma Y, Chen Z, Zhu W, Yu J, Ji H, Tang X, Yu H, Fan L, Liang B, Li R, Li J, Li Z, Lin M, Niu L. Chemotherapy plus concurrent irreversible electroporation improved local tumor control in unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma compared with chemotherapy alone. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:1512-1518. [PMID: 34767740 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1991008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (UHC) is a malignant tumor and has a poor prognosis. IRE is a novel non-thermal ablative therapy that causes cellular apoptosis via electrical impulses. To compare the curative effect for UHC, chemotherapy plus concurrent IRE and chemotherapy alone were set up. MATERIALS AND METHODS From July 2015 to May 2019, 47 patients with UHC were analyzed to chemotherapy + IRE group (n = 23) or chemotherapy alone group (n = 24) in this study. Treatment response was assessed with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 1 month after treatment and every 3 months thereafter. Local tumor progression (LTP), time to LTP, overall survival (OS) and procedure-related complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Chemotherapy plus concurrent IRE group showed a tendency toward a decreased rate of LTP (16.7% vs. 39.5%; p = 0.039) and an increased complete response rate (52.2% vs. 12.5%; p = 0.011) compared with chemotherapy alone group. Time to LTP was significantly longer in the chemotherapy plus concurrent IRE group compared to chemotherapy alone group (11.2 months vs. 4.2 months; p = 0.001). Median OS was significantly longer in the chemotherapy plus concurrent IRE group compared to chemotherapy alone group (19.6 months vs. 10.2 months; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Chemotherapy plus concurrent IRE improved local control and prolonged time to LTP and OS in patients with UHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Ma
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Ji
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosong Tang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huayan Yu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Fan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesia, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesia, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Niu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Cao L, Zhu YQ, Wu ZX, Wang GX, Cheng HW. Engineering nanotheranostic strategies for liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1213-1228. [PMID: 34721763 PMCID: PMC8529922 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma have continued to increase over the last few years, and the medicine-based outlook of patients is poor. Given great ideas from the development of nanotechnology in medicine, especially the advantages in the treatments of liver cancer. Some engineering nanoparticles with active targeting, ligand modification, and passive targeting capacity achieve efficient drug delivery to tumor cells. In addition, the behavior of drug release is also applied to the drug loading nanosystem based on the tumor microenvironment. Considering clinical use of local treatment of liver cancer, in situ drug delivery of nanogels is also fully studied in orthotopic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and ablation therapy. Furthermore, novel therapies including gene therapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are also applied as combined therapy for liver cancer. Engineering nonviral polymers to function as gene delivery vectors with increased efficiency and specificity, and strategies of co-delivery of therapeutic genes and drugs show great therapeutic effect against liver tumors, including drug-resistant tumors. Phototherapy is also applied in surgical procedures, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Combination strategies significantly enhance therapeutic effects and decrease side effects. Overall, the application of nanotechnology could bring a revolutionary change to the current treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yu-Qin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The 900th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China
| | - Gao-Xiong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hong-Wei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, Fujian Province, China
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Chen M, Zhang F, Song J, Weng Q, Li P, Li Q, Qian K, Ji H, Pietrini S, Ji J, Yang X. Image-Guided Peri-Tumoral Radiofrequency Hyperthermia-Enhanced Direct Chemo-Destruction of Hepatic Tumor Margins. Front Oncol 2021; 11:593996. [PMID: 34235070 PMCID: PMC8255807 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.593996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To validate the feasibility of using peri-tumoral radiofrequency hyperthermia (RFH)-enhanced chemotherapy to obliterate hepatic tumor margins. Method and Materials This study included in vitro experiments with VX2 tumor cells and in vivo validation experiments using rabbit models of liver VX2 tumors. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments received different treatments in four groups (n=6/group): (i) RFH-enhanced chemotherapy consisting of peri-tumoral injection of doxorubicin plus RFH at 42°C; (ii) RFH alone; (iii) doxorubicin alone; and (iv) saline. Therapeutic effect on cells was evaluated using different laboratory examinations. For in vivo experiments, orthotopic hepatic VX2 tumors in 24 rabbits were treated by using a multipolar radiofrequency ablation electrode, enabling simultaneous delivery of both doxorubicin and RFH within the tumor margins. Ultrasound imaging was used to follow tumor growth overtime, correlated with subsequent histopathological analysis. Results In in vitro experiments, MTS assay demonstrated the lowest cell proliferation, and apoptosis analysis showed the highest apoptotic index with RFH-enhanced chemotherapy, compared with the other three groups (p<0.01). In in vivo experiments, ultrasound imaging detected the smallest relative tumor volume with RFH-enhanced chemotherapy (p<0.01). The TUNEL assay further confirmed the significantly increased apoptotic index and decreased cell proliferation in the RFH-enhanced therapy group (p<0.01). Conclusion This study demonstrates that peri-tumoral RFH can specifically enhance the destruction of tumor margins in combination with peri-tumoral injection of a chemotherapeutic agent. This new interventional oncology technique may address the critical clinical problem of frequent marginal tumor recurrence/persistence following thermal ablation of large (>3 cm) hepatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjiang Chen
- Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Interventions Research & Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Interventional Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang University Lishui Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Interventions Research & Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jingjing Song
- Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Interventions Research & Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Interventional Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang University Lishui Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Qiaoyou Weng
- Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Interventions Research & Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Interventional Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang University Lishui Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Peicheng Li
- Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Interventions Research & Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Qiang Li
- Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Interventions Research & Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kun Qian
- Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Interventions Research & Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Hongxiu Ji
- Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Interventions Research & Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Overlake Medical Center and Incyte Diagnostics, Bellevue, WA, United States
| | - Sean Pietrini
- Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Interventions Research & Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Interventional Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang University Lishui Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Interventions Research & Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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Hanson SM, Forsyth B, Wang C. Combination of irreversible electroporation with sustained release of a synthetic membranolytic polymer for enhanced cancer cell killing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10810. [PMID: 34031433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is used clinically as a focal therapy to ablate solid tumors. A critical disadvantage of IRE as a monotherapy for cancer is the inability of ablating large tumors, because the electric field strength required is often too high to be safe. Previous reports indicate that cells exposed to certain cationic small molecules and surfactants are more vulnerable to IRE at lower electric field strengths. However, low-molecular-weight IRE sensitizers may suffer from suboptimal bioavailability due to poor stability and a lack of control over spatiotemporal accumulation in the tumor tissue. Here, we show that a synthetic membranolytic polymer, poly(6-aminohexyl methacrylate) (PAHM), synergizes with IRE to achieve enhanced cancer cell killing. The enhanced efficacy of the combination therapy is attributed to PAHM-mediated sensitization of cancer cells to IRE and to the direct cell killing by PAHM through membrane lysis. We further demonstrate sustained release of PAHM from embolic beads over 1 week in physiological medium. Taken together, combining IRE and a synthetic macromolecular sensitizer with intrinsic membranolytic activity and sustained bioavailability may present new therapeutic opportunities for a wide range of solid tumors.
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Gupta P, Maralakunte M, Sagar S, Kumar-M P, Bhujade H, Chaluvashetty SB, Kalra N. Efficacy and safety of irreversible electroporation for malignant liver tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:6511-6521. [PMID: 33638687 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The data regarding overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) following irreversible electroporation (IRE) is scarce. We performed a systematic review of the safety and efficacy of IRE for liver malignancies. METHODS Searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases were performed through September 1, 2019. Studies reporting the survival data (OS and PFS) and complications (graded according to the Society of interventional Radiology classification) were included. A generalized linear mixed method with a random-effects model was used for assessing pooled incidence rates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 25 studies (n = 776, 15 prospective, 10 retrospective) were included. Metastasis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma were present in 354, 285, and 100 patients, respectively. The pooled OS at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months was 93.28% (95% CI: 63.23-99.12, I2= 67%), 81.29% (95% CI: 69.80-89.22, I2 = 73%), 61.47% (95% CI: 52.81-69.46, I2 = 0%), and 40.88% (95% CI: 28.43-54.61, I2 = 64%), respectively. The pooled PFS at 6, 12, and 24 months was 79.72% (95% CI: 67.88-87.97, I2 = 70%), 64.19% (95% CI: 56.68-71.06, I2 = 57%), 49.05% (95% CI: 11.47-87.73, I2 = 96%), respectively. Overall complication rate was 23.7%. Major complications (grade C-F) occurred in 6.9% patients. CONCLUSION IRE is associated with favorable OS and PFS. Although the overall complication rate is high, most complications are graded as minor. KEY POINTS • The pooled OS and PFS at 6, 12, and 24 months for all the tumor types was 93.28% and 79.72%, 81.29% and 64.19%, and 61.47% and 49.05%, respectively. • HCC was associated with a better OS at 12 and 36 months. • The overall complication rate was 23.7%, with major complications (SIR grade C-F) comprising 6.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Muniraju Maralakunte
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sathya Sagar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Praveen Kumar-M
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Harish Bhujade
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sreedhara B Chaluvashetty
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Naveen Kalra
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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Lasarte-Cia A, Lozano T, Cano D, Martín-Otal C, Navarro F, Gorraiz M, Casares N, Vivas I, Lasarte JJ. Intratumoral STING Agonist Injection Combined with Irreversible Electroporation Delays Tumor Growth in a Model of Hepatocarcinoma. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:8852233. [PMID: 33575350 PMCID: PMC7857890 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8852233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Irreversible electroporation (IRE) showed promising results for small-size tumors and very early cancers. However, further development is needed to evolve this procedure into a more efficient ablation technique for long-term control of tumor growth. In this work, we show that it is possible to increase the antitumor efficiency of IRE by simmultaneously injecting c-di-GMP, a STING agonist, intratumorally. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intratumoral administration of c-di-GMP simultaneously to IRE was evaluated in murine models of melanona (B16.OVA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (PM299L). RESULTS The combined therapy increased the number of tumor-infiltrating IFN-γ/TNF-α-producing CD4 and CD8 T cells and delayed tumor growth, as compared to the effect observed in groups treated with c-di-GMP or IRE alone. CONCLUSION These results can lead to the development of a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer patients refractory to other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritz Lasarte-Cia
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Lozano
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Cano
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Celia Martín-Otal
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Flor Navarro
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Gorraiz
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Isabel Vivas
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lasarte
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
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26
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Sano MB, DeWitt MR. Thermochromic Tissue Phantoms for Evaluating Temperature Distribution in Simulated Clinical Applications of Pulsed Electric Field Therapies. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:362-371. [PMID: 34476365 PMCID: PMC8370349 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) induces cell death through nonthermal mechanisms, however, in extreme cases, the treatments can induce deleterious thermal transients. This study utilizes a thermochromic tissue phantom to enable visualization of regions exposed to temperatures above 60°C. Materials and Methods: Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels supplemented with thermochromic ink were characterized and processed to match the electrical properties of liver tissue. Three thousand volt high-frequency IRE protocols were administered with delivery rates of 100 and 200 μs/s. The effect of supplemental internal applicator cooling was then characterized. Results: Baseline treatments resulted thermal areas of 0.73 cm2, which decreased to 0.05 cm2 with electrode cooling. Increased delivery rates (200 μs/s) resulted in thermal areas of 1.5 and 0.6 cm2 without and with cooling, respectively. Conclusions: Thermochromic tissue phantoms enable rapid characterization of thermal effects associated with pulsed electric field treatments. Active cooling of applicators can significantly reduce the quantity of tissue exposed to deleterious temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Sano
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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27
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Maglietti F, Tellado M, De Robertis M, Michinski S, Fernández J, Signori E, Marshall G. Electroporation as the Immunotherapy Strategy for Cancer in Veterinary Medicine: State of the Art in Latin America. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E537. [PMID: 32957424 PMCID: PMC7564659 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is a technology that increases cell membrane permeability by the application of electric pulses. Electrochemotherapy (ECT), the best-known application of electroporation, is a very effective local treatment for tumors of any histology in human and veterinary medicine. It induces a local yet robust immune response that is responsible for its high effectiveness. Gene electrotransfer (GET), used in research to produce a systemic immune response against cancer, is another electroporation-based treatment that is very appealing for its effectiveness, low cost, and simplicity. In this review, we present the immune effect of electroporation-based treatments and analyze the results of the vast majority of the published papers related to immune response enhancement by gene electrotransfer in companion animals with spontaneous tumors. In addition, we present a brief history of the initial steps and the state of the art of the electroporation-based treatments in Latin America. They have the potential to become an essential form of immunotherapy in the region. This review gives insight into the subject and helps to choose promising research lines for future work; it also helps to select the adequate treatment parameters for performing a successful application of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Maglietti
- Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1199, Argentina
| | - Matías Tellado
- VetOncologia, Veterinary Oncology Clinic, Buenos Aires 1408, Argentina; (M.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Mariangela De Robertis
- CNR-Institute of Biomembrane, Bioenergetics, and Molecular Biotechnology, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastián Michinski
- Instituto de Física del Plasma, DF, FCEyN, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Juan Fernández
- VetOncologia, Veterinary Oncology Clinic, Buenos Aires 1408, Argentina; (M.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Emanuela Signori
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Guillermo Marshall
- Instituto de Física del Plasma, DF, FCEyN, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.M.); (G.M.)
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Wang W, Hou S, Ni J, Sun H, Jiang X, Chen Y, Xu L. Effectiveness and safety of irreversible electroporation for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for thermal ablation after surgery. J Interv Med 2020; 3:151-155. [PMID: 34805927 PMCID: PMC8562272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jimed.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To preliminarily evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of computed tomography (CT) image-guided irreversible electroporation (IRE) for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgical resection. Methods From January 2016 to February 2018, 18 patients diagnosed with recurrent HCC after surgical resection received IRE under CT image guidance for 22 tumors. Patients were enrolled for IRE when ineligible for thermal ablation due to tumor location. Clinical records and imaging data were reviewed to assess complete ablation rate, local tumor progression free rate (LTPFR), local tumor progression free survival (LTPFS) and complications after a median follow-up time of 14 months. Results Successful complete ablations were achieved in 20/22 (90.1%) tumors. Mean LTPFS was 10.5 ± 9.4 months. Overall 3-, 6- and 12-months LTPFR in 22 tumors following IRE were 68.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45%–83%), 59.1% (95% CI: 33%–76%) and 36.4% (95% CI: 17%–56%), respectively. Complications included pneumothorax (2/18, 11.1%), localized pain (3/18, 16.7%), bile duct dilation (1/18, 5.6%) and transient hypertension (1/18, 5.6%). No major complications or treatment-related deaths were observed. The alpha-fetoprotein levels of two patients decreased to the normal range at 3 and 4 months, respectively. Conclusions This study showed that percutaneous CT image-guided IRE can serve as a safe and effective treatment for recurrent HCC not suitable for thermal ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sinan Hou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - JiaYan Ni
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongliang Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiongying Jiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaoting Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linfeng Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
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Sano MB, Fesmire CC, Petrella RA. Electro-Thermal Therapy Algorithms and Active Internal Electrode Cooling Reduce Thermal Injury in High Frequency Pulsed Electric Field Cancer Therapies. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:191-202. [PMID: 32415482 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Thermal tissue injury is an unintended consequence in current irreversible electroporation treatments due to the induction of Joule heating during the delivery of high voltage pulsed electric fields. In this study active temperature control measures including internal electrode cooling and dynamic energy delivery were investigated as a process for mitigating thermal injury during treatment. Ex vivo liver was used to examine the extent of thermal injury induced by 5000 V treatments with delivery rates up to five times faster than current clinical practice. Active internal cooling of the electrode resulted in a 36% decrease in peak temperature vs. non-cooled control treatments. A temperature based feedback algorithm (electro-thermal therapy) was demonstrated as capable of maintaining steady state tissue temperatures between 30 and 80 °C with and without internal electrode cooling. Thermal injury volumes of 2.6 cm3 were observed for protocols with 60 °C temperature set points and electrode cooling. This volume reduced to 1.5 and 0.1 cm3 for equivalent treatments with 50 °C and 40 °C set points. Finally, it was demonstrated that the addition of internal electrode cooling and active temperature control algorithms reduced ETT treatment times by 84% (from 343 to 54 s) vs. non-cooled temperature control strategies with equivalent thermal injury volumes.
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30
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Sano MB, Petrella RA, Kaufman JD, Fesmire CC, Xing L, Gerber D, Fogle CA. Electro-thermal therapy: Microsecond duration pulsed electric field tissue ablation with dynamic temperature control algorithms. Comput Biol Med 2020; 121:103807. [PMID: 32568680 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Electro-thermal therapy (ETT) is a new cancer treatment modality which combines the use of high voltage pulsed electric fields, dynamic energy delivery rates, and closed loop thermal control algorithms to rapidly and reproducibly create focal ablations. This study examines the ablative potential and profile of pulsed electric field treatments delivered in conjunction with precise temperature control algorithms. An ex vivo perfused liver model was utilized to demonstrate the capability of 5000 V 2 μs duration bipolar electrical pulses and dynamic temperature control algorithms to produce ablations. Using a three applicator array, 4 cm ablation zones were created in under 27 min. In this configuration, the algorithms were able to rapidly achieve and maintain temperatures of 80 °C at the tissue-electrode interface. A simplified single applicator and grounding pad approach was used to correlate the measured ablation zones to electric field isocontours in order to determine lethal electric field thresholds of 708 V/cm and 867 V/cm for 45 °C and 60 °C treatments, respectively. These results establish ETT as a viable method for hepatic tumor treatment with ablation profiles equivalent to other energy based techniques. The single applicator and multi-applicator approaches demonstrated may enable the treatment of complex tumor geometries. The flexibility of ETT temperature control yields a malleable intervention which gives clinicians robust control over the ablation modality, treatment time, and safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Sano
- UNC/ NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Ross A Petrella
- UNC/ NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jacob D Kaufman
- UNC/ NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Lei Xing
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Radiation Physics, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Gerber
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Callie A Fogle
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Population Health & Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
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Geboers B, Scheffer HJ, Graybill PM, Ruarus AH, Nieuwenhuizen S, Puijk RS, van den Tol PM, Davalos RV, Rubinsky B, de Gruijl TD, Miklavčič D, Meijerink MR. High-Voltage Electrical Pulses in Oncology: Irreversible Electroporation, Electrochemotherapy, Gene Electrotransfer, Electrofusion, and Electroimmunotherapy. Radiology 2020; 295:254-272. [PMID: 32208094 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020192190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the use of high-voltage electrical pulses (HVEPs) in clinical oncology to treat solid tumors with irreversible electroporation (IRE) and electrochemotherapy (ECT). HVEPs increase the membrane permeability of cells, a phenomenon known as electroporation. Unlike alternative ablative therapies, electroporation does not affect the structural integrity of surrounding tissue, thereby enabling tumors in the vicinity of vital structures to be treated. IRE uses HVEPs to cause cell death by inducing membrane disruption, and it is primarily used as a radical ablative therapy in the treatment of soft-tissue tumors in the liver, kidney, prostate, and pancreas. ECT uses HVEPs to transiently increase membrane permeability, enhancing cellular cytotoxic drug uptake in tumors. IRE and ECT show immunogenic effects that could be augmented when combined with immunomodulatory drugs, a combination therapy the authors term electroimmunotherapy. Additional electroporation-based technologies that may reach clinical importance, such as gene electrotransfer, electrofusion, and electroimmunotherapy, are concisely reviewed. HVEPs represent a substantial advancement in cancer research, and continued improvement and implementation of these presented technologies will require close collaboration between engineers, interventional radiologists, medical oncologists, and immuno-oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Geboers
- From the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.G., H.J.S., A.H.R., S.N., R.S.P., M.R.M.), Surgery (P.M.v.d.T.), and Medical Oncology (T.D.d.G.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Va (P.M.G., R.V.D.); Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif (B.R.); and Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.M.)
| | - Hester J Scheffer
- From the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.G., H.J.S., A.H.R., S.N., R.S.P., M.R.M.), Surgery (P.M.v.d.T.), and Medical Oncology (T.D.d.G.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Va (P.M.G., R.V.D.); Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif (B.R.); and Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.M.)
| | - Philip M Graybill
- From the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.G., H.J.S., A.H.R., S.N., R.S.P., M.R.M.), Surgery (P.M.v.d.T.), and Medical Oncology (T.D.d.G.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Va (P.M.G., R.V.D.); Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif (B.R.); and Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.M.)
| | - Alette H Ruarus
- From the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.G., H.J.S., A.H.R., S.N., R.S.P., M.R.M.), Surgery (P.M.v.d.T.), and Medical Oncology (T.D.d.G.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Va (P.M.G., R.V.D.); Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif (B.R.); and Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.M.)
| | - Sanne Nieuwenhuizen
- From the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.G., H.J.S., A.H.R., S.N., R.S.P., M.R.M.), Surgery (P.M.v.d.T.), and Medical Oncology (T.D.d.G.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Va (P.M.G., R.V.D.); Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif (B.R.); and Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.M.)
| | - Robbert S Puijk
- From the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.G., H.J.S., A.H.R., S.N., R.S.P., M.R.M.), Surgery (P.M.v.d.T.), and Medical Oncology (T.D.d.G.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Va (P.M.G., R.V.D.); Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif (B.R.); and Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.M.)
| | - Petrousjka M van den Tol
- From the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.G., H.J.S., A.H.R., S.N., R.S.P., M.R.M.), Surgery (P.M.v.d.T.), and Medical Oncology (T.D.d.G.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Va (P.M.G., R.V.D.); Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif (B.R.); and Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.M.)
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- From the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.G., H.J.S., A.H.R., S.N., R.S.P., M.R.M.), Surgery (P.M.v.d.T.), and Medical Oncology (T.D.d.G.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Va (P.M.G., R.V.D.); Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif (B.R.); and Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.M.)
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- From the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.G., H.J.S., A.H.R., S.N., R.S.P., M.R.M.), Surgery (P.M.v.d.T.), and Medical Oncology (T.D.d.G.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Va (P.M.G., R.V.D.); Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif (B.R.); and Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.M.)
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- From the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.G., H.J.S., A.H.R., S.N., R.S.P., M.R.M.), Surgery (P.M.v.d.T.), and Medical Oncology (T.D.d.G.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Va (P.M.G., R.V.D.); Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif (B.R.); and Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.M.)
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- From the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.G., H.J.S., A.H.R., S.N., R.S.P., M.R.M.), Surgery (P.M.v.d.T.), and Medical Oncology (T.D.d.G.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Va (P.M.G., R.V.D.); Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif (B.R.); and Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.M.)
| | - Martijn R Meijerink
- From the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.G., H.J.S., A.H.R., S.N., R.S.P., M.R.M.), Surgery (P.M.v.d.T.), and Medical Oncology (T.D.d.G.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Va (P.M.G., R.V.D.); Department of Bioengineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif (B.R.); and Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.M.)
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Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has established a clinical niche as an alternative to thermal ablation for the eradication of unresectable tumors, particularly those near critical vascular structures. IRE has been used in over 50 independent clinical trials and has shown clinical success when used as a standalone treatment and as a single component within combinatorial treatment paradigms. Recently, many studies evaluating IRE in larger patient cohorts and alongside other novel therapies have been reported. Here, we present the basic principles of reversible electroporation and IRE followed by a review of preclinical and clinical data with a focus on tumors in three organ systems in which IRE has shown great promise: the prostate, pancreas, and liver. Finally, we discuss alternative and future developments, which will likely further advance the use of IRE in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth N Aycock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Virginia
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Ma J, Wang F, Zhang W, Wang L, Yang X, Qian Y, Huang J, Wang J, Yang J. Percutaneous cryoablation for the treatment of liver cancer at special sites: an assessment of efficacy and safety. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:1948-1957. [PMID: 31929967 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.11.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background To assess the safety and efficacy of cryoablation (CA) devices for the treatment of liver cancer at special sites in a retrospective study. Methods Special site liver cancer was defined as the tumors directly abutting surrounding structures (such as the liver capsule, gallbladder, vessel, diaphragm, intestine, and adrenal gland) with a maximum distance of 1.0 cm between the tumor and these organs. Sixty-six patients (49 men, 17 women; mean age, 60.8 years; age range, 27-82 years) were included. CA procedure was performed to treat 69 tumors under the guidance of computed tomography or ultrasound. Local tumor progression was assessed during the follow-up. A visual analog scale (VAS) evaluated the pain degree. Complications were assessed during and after every procedure. Results The number of tumors under the liver capsule and adjacent to the gallbladder, portal or hepatic vein, diaphragm, intestine, and adrenal gland were 29, 5, 8, 14, 7, and 6, respectively. The median follow-up time was 14 months (range, 2-28 months). In the 69 procedures, the technical success rate was 100%. The cumulative local tumor progression rates at 6, 9, 15, and 24 months were 10.2%, 16.5%, 20.9%, and 30.5%, respectively. No cases of serious complications occurred. During operation, the occurrence rates of subcapsular hemorrhage and pneumothorax were 2.9% and 1.4%, respectively. After the operation, the occurrence rate of biloma, capsular injury, subcapsular planting metastasis, and pneumothorax were 1.4%, 18.8%, 1.4%, and 2.8%, respectively. The average score of 66 patients with a VAS was 2.15±0.63 during the operation. Conclusions Percutaneous CA is safe and effective for patients with special site liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Ma
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Fuming Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Lizhang Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Ying Qian
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Jianjun Huang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Jijin Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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DeWitt MR, Latouche EL, Kaufman JD, Fesmire CC, Swet JH, Kirks RC, Baker EH, Vrochides D, Iannitti DA, McKillop IH, Davalos RV, Sano MB. Simplified Non-Thermal Tissue Ablation With a Single Insertion Device Enabled by Bipolar High-Frequency Pulses. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 67:2043-2051. [PMID: 31751216 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2954122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the feasibility of a single electrode and grounding pad approach for delivering high frequency irreversible electroporation treatments (H-FIRE) in in-vivo hepatic tissue. METHODS Ablations were created in porcine liver under surgical anesthesia by adminstereing high frequency bursts of 0.5-5.0 μs pulses with amplitudes between 1.1-1.7 kV in the absence of cardiac synchronization or intraoperative paralytics. Finite element simulations were used to determine the electric field strength associated with the ablation margins (ELethal) and predict the ablations feasible with next generation electronics. RESULTS All animals survived the procedures for the protocol duration without adverse events. ELethal of 2550, 1650, and 875 V/cm were found for treatments consisting of 100x bursts containing 0.5 μs pulses and 25, 50, and 75 μs of energized-time per burst, respectively. Treatments with 1 μs pulses consisting of 100 bursts with 100 μs energized-time per burst resulted in ELethal of 650 V/cm. CONCLUSION A single electrode and grounding pad approach was successfully used to create ablations in hepatic tissue. This technique has the potential to reduce challenges associated with placing multiple electrodes in anatomically challenging environments. SIGNIFICANCE H-FIRE is an in situ tumor ablation approach in which electrodes are placed within or around a targeted region to deliver high voltage electrical pulses. Electric fields generated around the electrodes induce irrecoverable cell membrane damage leading to predictable cell death in the relative absence of thermal damage. The sparing of architectural integrity means H-FIRE offers potential advantages compared to thermal ablation modalities for ablating tumors near critical structures.
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Lyu C, Lopez-Ichikawa M, Rubinsky B, Chang TT. Normal and fibrotic liver parenchyma respond differently to irreversible electroporation. HPB (Oxford) 2019; 21:1344-1353. [PMID: 30879992 PMCID: PMC7170179 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety and efficacy of irreversible electroporation (IRE) in treating hepatic, biliary, and pancreatic malignancies are active areas of clinical investigation. In addition, recent studies have shown that IRE may enable regenerative surgery and in vivo tissue engineering. To use IRE effectively in these clinical applications, it is important to understand how different tissue microenvironments impact the response to IRE. In this study, we characterize the electrical and histological properties of non-fibrotic and fibrotic liver parenchyma before and after IRE treatment. METHODS Electrical resistivity and histology of fibrotic liver from C57BL/6 mice fed a 0.1% 3,5-diethylcarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet were compared to those of non-fibrotic liver from matched control mice before and after IRE treatment. RESULTS At baseline, the electrical resistivity of fibrotic liver was lower than that of non-fibrotic liver. Post-IRE, resistivity of non-fibrotic liver declined and then recovered back to baseline with time, correlating with hepatocyte repopulation of the ablated parenchyma without deposition of fibrotic scar. In contrast, resistivity of fibrotic liver remained depressed after IRE treatment, correlating with persistent inflammation. CONCLUSION Non-fibrotic and fibrotic liver respond to IRE differently. The underlying tissue microenvironment is an important modifying factor to consider when designing IRE protocols for tissue ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenang Lyu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Tammy T. Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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Shangguan AJ, Sun C, Wang B, Pan L, Ma Q, Hu S, Yang J, Eresen A, Velichko Y, Yaghmai V, Zhang Z. DWI and DCE-MRI approaches for differentiating reversibly electroporated penumbra from irreversibly electroporated ablation zones in a rabbit liver model. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1982-1994. [PMID: 31598399 PMCID: PMC6780669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate the hypothesis that DWI-MRI and DCE-MRI cab be used to distinguish between IRE and RE zones of IRE treatment in a rabbit liver model. 6 rabbits underwent baseline and post-procedure MR imaging with DWI and DCE-MRI as well as IRE (10 pulses, 2000 V, 10 µs/pulse, 10 ms between pulses). Rabbits were euthanized immediately after post-procedure MRI to acquire liver tissue for histology. Liver tissues were fixed and then stained with HE and TUNEL. T1w and T2w intensities in different treatment zones were calculated and normalized to paraspinal muscle signal. ADC maps were generated from DWI. AUC, PE, TTP, WIS, Ktrans, Kep, and VE were calculated from DCE-MRI. Apoptosis index was calculated from TUNEL stained tissues. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Entire IRE treated region was hyperintense compared with untreated tissues on T1w, with the RE zone having a higher signal intensity. On DWI, IRE treated tissue had decreased ΔADC. The IRE zone has a lower ΔADC than the RE zone within the treated region. On DCE-MRI, IRE zone demonstrated the highest TTP and the lowest PE, WIS, Ktrans, Kep, and VE, followed by the RE zone then the untreated tissue. TUNEL staining of liver tissues showed that the IRE zone had the highest apoptosis index, followed by the RE zone and then untreated tissue. In conclusion, DCE-MRI and DWI parameters allow differentiation between RE and IRE zones in a rabbit liver model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Shangguan
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Medical Student Training Program, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Chong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310009, China
| | - Liang Pan
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou UniversityChangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quanhong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Su Hu
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Aydin Eresen
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuri Velichko
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Vahid Yaghmai
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
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Vera R, González-Flores E, Rubio C, Urbano J, Valero Camps M, Ciampi-Dopazo JJ, Orcajo Rincón J, Morillo Macías V, Gomez Braco MA, Suarez-Artacho G. Multidisciplinary management of liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer: a consensus of SEOM, AEC, SEOR, SERVEI, and SEMNIM. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:647-662. [PMID: 31359336 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the second-highest tumor incidence and is a leading cause of death by cancer. Nearly 20% of patients with CRC will have metastases at the time of diagnosis, and more than 50% of patients with CRC develop metastatic disease during the course of their disease. A group of experts from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology, the Spanish Association of Surgeons, the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology, the Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, and the Spanish Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging met to discuss and provide a multidisciplinary consensus on the management of liver metastases in patients with CRC. The group defined the different scenarios in which the disease can present: fit or unfit patients with resectable liver metastases, patients with potential resectable liver metastases, and patients with unresectable liver metastases. Within each scenario, the different strategies and therapeutic approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vera
- Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Calle Irunlarrea, 3, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | | | - C Rubio
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Urbano
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Vithas Hospitals Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Valero Camps
- Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Rotger (Quiron Salud), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J J Ciampi-Dopazo
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - J Orcajo Rincón
- Nuclear Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Morillo Macías
- Radiation Oncology, Hospital Provincial de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
| | - M A Gomez Braco
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - G Suarez-Artacho
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
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Abstract
The prevalence of liver tumors is increasing worldwide. These can be broadly classified into primary and secondary types, depending upon the origin of the tumor. Multiple modalities are available for the management of these tumors. Ablative techniques are becoming the cornerstone of management especially for the tumors which are unresectable. Thermal ablative techniques include radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryotherapy. Recently, a non-thermal technique known as irreversible electroporation (IRE) is gaining importance owing to its better clinical outcome and a good safety profile. IRE works by high voltage and intensity electrical discharge which makes pores in the membrane of the cells. Its clinical outcome is reported in different studies in terms of progression-free survival (PFS), frequency of complete ablation, and local recurrence of the tumor. Favorable results were seen especially for the small size tumors and very early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It was also found to be useful for the management of tumors which are close to vital structures of the liver. The adverse effects of IRE are also comparable to other ablative techniques like RFA and MWA. The common complications associated with this procedure include liver abscess, bleeding, renal failure, pleural effusion, fever, and partial portal vein thrombosis. In view of this literature review, IRE is found to be a good alternative for the management of liver tumor in patients who cannot undergo surgery, thermal ablative procedures or tumor lying close to vital structures. The safety profile of this procedure is also encouraging. Further studies and clinical trials need to be done to explore this technique.
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Vivas I, Iribarren K, Lozano T, Cano D, Lasarte-Cia A, Chocarro S, Gorraiz M, Sarobe P, Hervás-Stubbs S, Bilbao JI, Casares N, Lasarte JJ. Therapeutic Effect of Irreversible Electroporation in Combination with Poly-ICLC Adjuvant in Preclinical Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019; 30:1098-1105. [PMID: 31101416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of irreversible electroporation (IRE) combined with the intratumoral injection of the immunogenic adjuvant poly-ICLC (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and poly-L-lysine, a dsRNA analog mimicking viral RNA) inmediately before IRE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice and rabbits bearing hepatocellular carcinoma tumors (Hepa.129 and VX2 tumor models, respectively) were treated with IRE (2 pulses of 2500V), with poly-ICLC, or with IRE + poly-ICLC combination therapy. Tumor growth in mice was monitored using a digital caliper and by computed tomography in rabbits. RESULTS Intratumoral administration of poly-ICLC immediately before IRE elicited shrinkage of Hepa.129 cell-derived tumors in 70% of mice, compared to 30% and 26% by poly-ICLC or IRE alone, respectively (P = .0004). This combined therapy induced the shrinkage of VX-2-based hepatocellular carcinoma tumors in 40% of rabbits, whereas no response was achieved by either individual treatment (P = .045). The combined therapy activated a systemic antitumor response able to inhibit the growth of other untreated tumors. CONCLUSIONS IRE treatment, immediately preceded by the intratumoral administration of an immunogenic adjuvant such as poly-ICLC, might enhance the antitumor effect of the IRE procedure. This combination might facilitate the induction of a long-term systemic response to prevent tumor relapses and the appearance of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Vivas
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kristina Iribarren
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Lozano
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Cano
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aritz Lasarte-Cia
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Chocarro
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Gorraiz
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Sarobe
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervás-Stubbs
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Noelia Casares
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Juan José Lasarte
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avenida Pío XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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Lv Y, Yao C, Rubinsky B. A Conceivable Mechanism Responsible for the Synergy of High and Low Voltage Irreversible Electroporation Pulses. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:1552-63. [PMID: 30953220 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE), is a new non-thermal tissue ablation technology in which brief high electric field pulses are delivered across the target tissue to induce cell death by irreversible permeabilization of the cell membrane. A deficiency of conventional IRE is that the ablation zone is relatively small, bounded by the irreversible electroporation isoelectric field margin. In the previous studies we have introduced a new treatment protocol that combines few short high voltage (SHV) pulses with long low-voltage (LLV) pulses. In the previous studies, we also have shown that the addition of few SHV pulses increases by almost a factor of two the area ablated by a protocol that employs only the LLV pulses. This study employs potato and gel phantom to generate a plausible explanation for the mechanism. The study provides circumstantial evidence that the mechanism involved is the production of electrolytic compounds by the LLV pulse sequence, which causes tissue ablation beyond the margin of the irreversible electroporation isoelectric field generated by the SHV pulses, presumable to the reversible electroporation isoelectric field margin generated by the SHV pulses.
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41
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Wu LM, Zhang LL, Chen XH, Zheng SS. Is irreversible electroporation safe and effective in the treatment of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers? Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2019; 18:117-24. [PMID: 30655073 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel ablative technique for hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers. This review summarizes the data regarding the safety and efficacy of IRE in the treatment of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers. DATA SOURCES Studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase for articles published in English from database inception through July 31, 2017. For inclusion, each clinical study had to report morbidity and survival data on hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers treated with IRE and contain at least 10 patients. Studies that met these criteria were included for analysis. Two authors assessed each clinical study for data extraction. The controversial parts were resolved through discussion with seniors. RESULTS A total of 24 clinical studies were included. Fourteen focused on hepatic ablation with IRE comprising 437 patients with 666 lesions of different tumor types. Two patients (0.5%) died after the IRE procedure. Morbidity of hepatic ablation with IRE ranged from 7% to 35%. Most complications were mild. Complete response for hepatic tumors was reported as 57%-97%. Ten studies with 455 patients focused on pancreatic IRE. The overall mortality of IRE in pancreatic cancer was 2%. Overall severe morbidity of IRE in pancreatic cancer ranged from 0 to 20%. The median overall survival after IRE ranged from 7 to 23 months. Patients treated with IRE combined with surgical resection showed a longer overall survival. CONCLUSIONS IRE significantly improves the prognosis of advanced hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignances, and companied with less complications. Hence, IRE is a relatively safe and effective non-thermal ablation strategy and potentially recommended as an option for therapy of patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignances.
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Abstract
The most common primary liver malignancy, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has a high likelihood of mortality, and much effort into early detection and treatment has occurred. Multiple staging systems have surfaced of which some guide treatment. Curative intent is a goal of early-staged HCC treatment, and this can be achieved with surgical resection, liver transplantation, and minimally invasive percutaneous therapies such as tumor ablation. Many of the newer ablation techniques have evolved from shortcomings of prior methods which have resulted in an expanded number of applications for tumor ablation. Our review focuses on current mainstream image-guided percutaneous ablation modalities which are commonly performed as an alternative to surgery.
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Abstract
The paper provides a numerical workflow, based on the 'real-life' clinical workflow of irreversible electroporation (IRE) performed for the treatment of deep-seated liver tumors. Thanks to a combination of numerical modeling, image registration algorithm and clinical data, our numerical workflow enables to provide the distribution of the electric field as effectively delivered by the clinical IRE procedure. As a proof of concept, we show on a specific clinical case of IRE ablation of liver tumor that clinical data could be advantageously combined to numerical simulations in a near future, in order to give to the interventional radiologists information on the effective IRE ablation. We also corroborate the simulated treated region with the post-treatment MRI performed 3 d after the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Gallinato
- INRIA Bordeaux-Sud-Ouest, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Univ. Bordeaux, IMB, UMR 5251, F-33400, Talence, France
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Stillström D, Beermann M, Engstrand J, Freedman J, Nilsson H. Initial experience with irreversible electroporation of liver tumours. Eur J Radiol Open 2019; 6:62-7. [PMID: 30723754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thermal ablation of liver tumours is an established technique used in selected patients with relatively small tumours that can be ablated with margin. Thermal ablation methods are not advisable near larger bile ducts that are sensitive to thermal injury causing strictures and severe morbidity. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has the possibility to treat these tumours without harming the bile tree. The method is relatively new and has been proven to be feasible and safe with promising oncological results. Methods 50 treatments were performed on 42 patients that were not resectable or treatable by thermal ablation (12 women and 30 men) with 59 tumours in total. 51% were colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) and 34% were hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). 70% of the treatments were performed using stereotactic CT-guidance for needle placement. Results 81% of the treatments were performed with initial success. All patients with missed ablations were re-treated. Local recurrence rate at 3 months was 3% and 37% at one year. The complication rate was low with 2 patients having major complications (Clavien-Dindo grade 3b-5) and without 30-day mortality. Conclusion IRE is safe for treating tumours not suitable for thermal ablation with 63% of patients being without local recurrence after one year in a group of patients with tumours deemed unresectable. IRE has a role in the treatment of unresectable liver tumours close to heat-sensitive structures not suitable for thermal ablation. Level of Evidence: Level 4, Case Series.
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Schicho A, Niessen C, Haimerl M, Wiesinger I, Stroszczynski C, Beyer LP, Wiggermann P. Long-term survival after percutaneous irreversible electroporation of inoperable colorectal liver metastases. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 11:317-322. [PMID: 30643457 PMCID: PMC6312065 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s182091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) that are not amenable to surgery or thermal ablation, irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel local treatment modality and additional option. Methods This study is a retrospective long-term follow-up of patients with CRLM who underwent IRE as salvage treatment. Results Of the 24 included patients, 18 (75.0%) were male, and the median age was 57 (range: 28-75) years. The mean time elapsed from diagnosis to IRE was 37.9±37.3 months. Mean overall survival was 26.5 months after IRE (range: 2.5-69.2 months) and 58.1 months after diagnosis (range: 14.8-180.1 months). One-, three-, and five-year survival rates after initial diagnosis were 100.0%, 79.2%, and 41.2%; after IRE, the respective survival rates were 79.1%, 25.0%, and 8.3%. There were no statistically significant differences detected in survival after IRE with respect to gender, age, T- or N-stage at the time of diagnosis, size of metastases subject to IRE, number of hepatic lesions, or time elapsed between IRE and diagnosis. Conclusion For nonresectable CRLM, long-term survival data emphasize the value of IRE as a new minimally invasive local therapeutic approach in multimodal palliative treatment, which is currently limited to systemic or regional therapies in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schicho
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,
| | - Christoph Niessen
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,
| | - Michael Haimerl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,
| | - Isabel Wiesinger
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,
| | | | - Lukas P Beyer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,
| | - Philipp Wiggermann
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Saini A, Breen I, Alzubaidi S, Pershad Y, Sheth R, Naidu S, Knuttinen MG, Albadawi H, Oklu R. Irreversible Electroporation in Liver Cancers and Whole Organ Engineering. J Clin Med 2018; 8:E22. [PMID: 30585195 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancers contribute significantly to cancer-related mortality worldwide and liver transplants remain the cornerstone of curative treatment for select, early-stage patients. Unfortunately, because of a mismatch between demand and supply of donor organs, liver cancer patients must often wait extended periods of time prior to transplant. A variety of local therapies including surgical resection, transarterial chemoembolization, and thermal ablative methods exist in order to bridge to transplant. In recent years, a number of studies have examined the role of irreversible electroporation (IRE) as a non-thermal local ablative method for liver tumors, particularly for those adjacent to critical structures such as the vasculature, gall bladder, or bile duct. In addition to proving its utility as a local treatment modality, IRE has also demonstrated promise as a technique for donor organ decellularization in the context of whole-organ engineering. Through complete non-thermal removal of living cells, IRE allows for the creation of an acellular extra cellular matrix (ECM) scaffold that could theoretically be recellularized and implanted into a living host. Here, we comprehensively review studies investigating IRE, its role in liver cancer treatment, and its utility in whole organ engineering.
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Ruarus AH, Vroomen LGPH, Puijk RS, Scheffer HJ, Faes TJC, Meijerink MR. Conductivity Rise During Irreversible Electroporation: True Permeabilization or Heat? Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2018; 41:1257-66. [PMID: 29687261 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-018-1971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Irreversible electroporation (IRE) induces apoptosis with high-voltage electric pulses. Although the working mechanism is non-thermal, development of secondary Joule heating occurs. This study investigated whether the observed conductivity rise during IRE is caused by increased cellular permeabilization or heat development. Methods IRE was performed in a gelatin tissue phantom, in potato tubers, and in 30 patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Continuous versus sequential pulsing protocols (10-90 vs. 10-30-30-30) were assessed. Temperature was measured using fiber-optic probes. After temperature had returned to baseline, 100 additional pulses were delivered. The primary technique efficacy of the treated CRLM was compared to the periprocedural current rise. Seven patients received ten additional pulses after a 10-min cool-down period. Results Temperature and current rise was higher for the continuous pulsing protocol (medians, gel: 13.05 vs. 9.55 °C and 9 amperes (A) vs. 7A; potato: 12.70 vs. 10.53 °C and 6.0A vs. 6.5A). After cooling-down, current returned to baseline in the gel phantom and near baseline values (Δ2A with continuous- and Δ5A with sequential pulsing) in the potato tubers. The current declined after cooling-down in all seven patients with CRLM, although baseline values were not reached. There was a positive correlation between current rise and primary technique efficacy (p = 0.02); however, the previously reported current increase threshold of 12–15A was reached in 13%. Conclusion The observed conductivity rise during IRE is caused by both cellular permeabilization and heat development. Although a correlation between current rise and efficacy exists, the current increase threshold seems unfeasible for CRLM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00270-018-1971-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Nault JC, Sutter O, Nahon P, Ganne-Carrié N, Séror O. Percutaneous treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: State of the art and innovations. J Hepatol 2018; 68:783-797. [PMID: 29031662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) encompasses a vast range of techniques, including monopolar radiofrequency ablation (RFA), multibipolar RFA, microwave ablation, cryoablation and irreversible electroporation. RFA is considered one of the main curative treatments for HCC of less than 5 cm developing on cirrhotic liver, together with surgical resection and liver transplantation. However, controversies exist concerning the respective roles of ablation and liver resection for HCC of less than 3 to 5 cm on cirrhotic liver. In line with the therapeutic algorithm of early HCC, percutaneous ablation could also be used as a bridge to liver transplantation or in a sequence of upfront percutaneous treatment, followed by transplantation if the patient relapses. Moreover, several innovations in ablation methods may help to efficiently treat early HCC, initially considered as "non-ablatable", and might, in some cases, extend ablation criteria beyond early HCC, enabling treatment of more patients with a curative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Nault
- Liver Unit, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France; Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Sutter
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France
| | - Pierre Nahon
- Liver Unit, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France; Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Ganne-Carrié
- Liver Unit, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France; Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Séror
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Department of Radiology, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France.
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Ruarus A, Vroomen L, Puijk R, Scheffer H, Zonderhuis B, Kazemier G, van den Tol M, Berger F, Meijerink M. Irreversible Electroporation in Hepatopancreaticobiliary Tumours. Can Assoc Radiol J 2018; 69:38-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatopancreaticobiliary tumours are often diagnosed at an advanced disease stage, in which encasement or invasion of local biliary or vascular structures has already occurred. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an image-guided tumour ablation technique that induces cell death by exposing the tumour to high-voltage electrical pulses. The cellular membrane is disrupted, while sparing the extracellular matrix of critical tubular structures. The preservation of tissue integrity makes IRE an attractive treatment option for tumours in the vicinity of vital structures such as splanchnic blood vessels and major bile ducts. This article reviews current data and discusses future trends of IRE for hepatopancreaticobiliary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.H. Ruarus
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L.G.P.H. Vroomen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R.S. Puijk
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H.J. Scheffer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B.M. Zonderhuis
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G. Kazemier
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M.P. van den Tol
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F.H. Berger
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M.R. Meijerink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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