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Dzakovich MP, Debelo H, Albertsen MC, Che P, Jones TJ, Simon MK, Zhao ZY, Glassman K, Ferruzzi MG. Trait stacking simultaneously enhances provitamin A carotenoid and mineral bioaccessibility in biofortified Sorghum bicolor. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37449680 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A, iron, and zinc deficiencies are major nutritional inadequacies in sub-Saharan Africa and disproportionately affect women and children. Biotechnology strategies have been tested to individually improve provitamin A carotenoid or mineral content and/or bioaccessibility in staple crops including sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). However, concurrent carotenoid and mineral enhancement has not been thoroughly assessed and antagonism between these chemical classes has been reported. This work evaluated two genetically engineered constructs containing a suite of heterologous genes to increase carotenoid stability and pathway flux, as well as phytase to catabolize phytate and increase mineral bioaccessibility. Model porridges made from transgenic events were evaluated for carotenoid and mineral content as well as bioaccessibility. Transgenic events produced markedly higher amounts of carotenoids (26.4 μg g-1 DW) compared to null segregants (4.2 μg g-1 DW) and wild-type control (Tx430; 3.7 μg g-1 DW). Phytase activation by pre-steeping flour resulted in significant phytate reduction (9.4 to 4.2 mg g-1 DW), altered the profile of inositol phosphate catabolites, and reduced molar ratios of phytate to iron (16.0 to 4.1), and zinc (19.0 to 4.9) in engineered material, suggesting improved mineral bioaccessibility. Improved phytate : mineral ratios did not significantly affect micellarization and bioaccessible provitamin A carotenoids were over 23 times greater in transgenic events compared to corresponding null segregants and wild-type controls. A 200 g serving of porridge made with these transgenic events provide an estimated 53.7% of a 4-8-year-old child's vitamin A estimated average requirement. These data suggest that combinatorial approaches to enhance micronutrient content and bioaccessibility are feasible and warrant further assessment in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Dzakovich
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hawi Debelo
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | | | - Ping Che
- Corteva Agriscience, 8305 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Todd J Jones
- Corteva Agriscience, 8305 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Marissa K Simon
- Corteva Agriscience, 8305 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Zuo-Yu Zhao
- Corteva Agriscience, 8305 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | | | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Section of Developmental Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
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Zarif B, Shabbir S, Rahman A, Sherazi TA, Shahid R, Noor T, Imran M. Milk phospholipids and buttermilk based composite nanosystems for enhanced stability and bioaccessibility of β-carotene. Int Dairy J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2023.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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3
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Duan X, Xie C, Hill DRA, Barrow CJ, Dunshea FR, Martin GJO, Suleria HA. Bioaccessibility, Bioavailability and Bioactivities of Carotenoids in Microalgae: A Review. Food Reviews International 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2165095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Duan
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cundong Xie
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David R. A. Hill
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gregory J. O. Martin
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hafiz A.R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
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Molteni C, La Motta C, Valoppi F. Improving the Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Carotenoids by Means of Nanostructured Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101931. [PMID: 36290651 PMCID: PMC9598319 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are bioactive compounds provided by the diet playing a key role in maintaining human health. Therefore, they should be ingested daily in an adequate amount. However, even a varied and well-balanced diet does not guarantee an adequate intake, as both the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the compounds significantly affect their absorption. This review summarizes the main results achieved in improving the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids by means of nanostructured delivery systems, discussing in detail the available lipid-based and biopolymeric nanocarriers at present, with a focus on their formulation and functional efficiency. Although the toxicity profile of these innovative delivery systems is not fully understood, especially for long-term intake, these systems are an effective and valuable approach to increase the availability of compounds of nutritional interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Molteni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2219593
| | - Fabio Valoppi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, PL 66, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PL 64, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Stinco CM, Benítez-González AM, Hernanz D, Vicario IM. Assessment of in vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids and phenolic compounds in a model milk-mandarine beverage. Food Funct 2022; 13:10535-10545. [PMID: 36156618 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01808j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mandarine juice is one of the richest sources of β-cryptoxanthin and flavonoids, which have been positively associated with bone mineral density. Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid compounds with a complex absorption process that can be affected by different factors. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of the food matrix on the in vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids and phenolic compounds in a model milk-mandarine beverage (MMB). MMBs were formulated with mandarine juice and different dairy products to achieve three fat levels (0.2%, 1.7% and 3.2%) and three calcium levels (120, 310 and 500 mg Ca2+ per 100 ml). The bioaccessibility was evaluated using a harmonised in vitro digestion method. The results showed that the content of milk fat increased the bioaccessibility in vitro of phenolic compounds (p < 0.05), while a moderate fat level (1.7%) resulted in the highest bioaccessibility for bioactive carotenoids. On the other hand, calcium fortification at the highest level (500 mg Ca2+ per 100 mL) decreased the bioaccessibility of bioactive carotenoids from 76% to 43% (66% for the major β-cryptoxanthin) compared to the lower calcium fortification level (120 mg Ca2+ per 100 mL). The bioaccessibility of hesperidin, the main flavanone in mandarine juice, was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the MMB with the highest calcium level. The bioaccessibility of carotenoids and phenolic compounds is affected by fat and calcium levels. When formulating functional beverages, the impact of the formulation should be carefully considered to optimize the bioaccessibility of the bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Stinco
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Benítez-González
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Dolores Hernanz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Isabel M Vicario
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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Guo Z, Liu Y, Luo Y. Mechanisms of carotenoid intestinal absorption and the regulation of dietary lipids: lipid transporter-mediated transintestinal epithelial pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1791-1816. [PMID: 36069234 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dietary lipids are key ingredients during cooking, processing, and seasoning of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables, playing vitals in affecting the absorption and utilization of carotenoids for achieving their health benefits. Besides, dietary lipids have also been extensively studied to construct various delivery systems for carotenoids, such as micro/nanoparticles, micro/nanoemulsions, and liposomes. Currently, the efficacies of these techniques on improving carotenoid bioavailability are often evaluated using the micellization rate or "bioaccessibility" based on in vitro models. However, recent studies have found that dietary lipids may also affect the carotenoid uptake via intestinal epithelial cells and the efflux of intracellular chyle particles via lipid transporters. An increasing number of studies reveal the varied impact of different dietary lipids on the absorption of different carotenoids and some lipids may even have an inhibitory effect. Consequently, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between the addition of dietary lipids and the intestinal absorption of carotenoid to fully understand the role of lipids during this process. This paper first introduces the intestinal absorption mechanism of carotenoids, including the effect of bile salts and lipases on mixed micelles, the types and regulation of lipid transporters, intracellular metabolizing enzymes, and the efflux process of chyle particles. Then, the regulatory mechanism of dietary lipids during intestinal carotenoid absorption is further discussed. Finally, the importance of selecting the dietary lipids for the absorption and utilization of different carotenoids and the design of an efficient delivery carrier are emphasized. This review provides suggestions for precise dietary carotenoid supplementation and offere an important reference for constructing efficient transport carriers for liposoluble nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Guo
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangchao Luo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Hayes M, Mohamedshah Z, Chadwick-Corbin S, Hoskin R, Iorizzo M, Lila MA, Neilson AP, Ferruzzi MG. Bioaccessibility and intestinal cell uptake of carotenoids and chlorophylls differ in powdered spinach by the ingredient form as measured using in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and anaerobic fecal fermentation models. Food Funct 2022; 13:3825-3839. [PMID: 35319058 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00051b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Insights into food matrix factors impacting bioavailability of bioactive carotenoids and chlorophylls from fruits and vegetable ingredients are essential to understanding their ability to promote health. The stability and bioaccessibility of carotenoids and chlorophylls were assessed from dehydrated, spray-dried, freeze-dried and fresh spinach ingredient forms using in vitro models simulating upper gastrointestinal (GI) digestion and lower GI anaerobic fecal fermentation. Intestinal transport of bioaccessible bioactives from both upper and lower GI compartments was assessed using the Caco-2 human intestinal cell model. Differences in carotenoid and chlorophyll contents were observed between ingredient forms and these influenced bioaccessibility. Lower carotenoid and chlorophyll contents in spray dried spinach resulted in the lowest total bioaccessible content among all spinach treatments (5.8 ± 0.2 μmoles per g DW carotenoid and chlorophyll). The total bioaccessible content was statistically similar between freeze-dried (12.5 ± 0.6 μmoles per g DW), dehydrated (12.5 ± 3.2 μmoles per g DW), and fresh spinach (14.2 ± 1.2 μmoles per g DW). Post anaerobic fermentation, cellular accumulation of carotenoids was higher (17.57-19.52 vs. 5.11-8.56%), while that of chlorophylls was lower (3.05-5.27 vs. 5.25-6.44%), compared to those observed following upper GI digestion. Collectively, these data suggest that spinach forms created by various drying technologies deliver similar levels of bioaccessible spinach bioactives and that the lower GI tract may serve as a site for significant absorption fostered by interactions with gut microbial communities that liberate additional bioactives from the spinach matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Hayes
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Zulfiqar Mohamedshah
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Sydney Chadwick-Corbin
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Roberta Hoskin
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
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8
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Kotake-Nara E, Hase M, Hoshina R, Hidan M, Kobayashi H. Effect of an Emulsified Formulation on Vegetable Carotenoid Bioaccessibility. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:135-140. [PMID: 35013036 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of neutral lipids, polar lipids, and an emulsified formulation (EMF) on carotenoid bioaccessibility in an in vitro digestion assay of vegetables. These reagents enhanced carotenoid bioaccessibility. Contrary to our previous report, they also exhibited effects on lutein. Bile extracts/pancreatin concentrations also participated in the bioaccessibility. The EMF, which consisted of lower amounts of oil, had the same effect on lutein as rapeseed oil. These reagents also showed effects in the aging model, with more reduced bile extract/pancreatin concentrations, suggesting that lipids and EMF contributed to carotenoid bioaccessibility in bile/pancreatic juice secretions due to aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kotake-Nara
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Megumi Hase
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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Grainger EM, Webb MZ, Simpson CM, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Riedl K, Moran NE, Clinton SK. Assessment of dietary carotenoid intake and biologic measurement of exposure in humans. Methods Enzymol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Iddir M, Pittois D, Guignard C, Weber B, Gantenbein M, Larondelle Y, Bohn T. Whey- and Soy Protein Isolates Added to a Carrot-Tomato Juice Alter Carotenoid Bioavailability in Healthy Adults. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1748. [PMID: 34829619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggested that proteins can differentially affect carotenoid bioaccessibility during gastro-intestinal digestion. In this crossover, randomized human trial, we aimed to confirm that proteins, specifically whey- and soy-protein isolates (WPI/SPI) impact postprandial carotenoid bioavailability. Healthy adults (n = 12 males, n = 12 females) were recruited. After 2-week washout periods, 350 g of a tomato-carrot juice mixture was served in the absence/presence of WPI or SPI (50% of the recommended dietary allowance, RDA ≈ 60 g/d). Absorption kinetics of carotenoids and triacylglycerols (TAGs) were evaluated via the triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fraction response, at timed intervals up to 10 h after test meal intake, on three occasions separated by 1 week. Maximum TRL-carotenoid concentration (Cmax) and corresponding time (Tmax) were also determined. Considering both genders and carotenoids/TAGs combined, the estimated area under the curve (AUC) for WPI increased by 45% vs. the control (p = 0.018), to 92.0 ± 1.7 nmol × h/L and by 57% vs. SPI (p = 0.006). Test meal effect was significant in males (p = 0.036), but not in females (p = 0.189). In males, significant differences were found for phytoene (p = 0.026), phytofluene (p = 0.004), α-carotene (p = 0.034), and β-carotene (p = 0.031). Cmax for total carotenoids (nmol/L ± SD) was positively influenced by WPI (135.4 ± 38.0), while significantly lowered by SPI (89.6 ± 17.3 nmol/L) vs. the control (119.6 ± 30.9, p < 0.001). Tmax did not change. The results suggest that a well-digestible protein could enhance carotenoid bioavailability, whereas the less digestible SPI results in negative effects. This is, to our knowledge, the first study finding effects of proteins on carotenoid absorption in humans.
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Iddir M, Porras Yaruro JF, Larondelle Y, Bohn T. Gastric lipase can significantly increase lipolysis and carotenoid bioaccessibility from plant food matrices in the harmonized INFOGEST static in vitro digestion model. Food Funct 2021; 12:9043-9053. [PMID: 34608921 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00786f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal digestion of carotenoids has received much attention, as these lipophilic compounds have been related to several health benefits. Most commonly, static digestion models such as the consensus INFOGEST model are employed to study their bioaccessibility from test matrices. However, an aspect that has been much neglected is the use of gastric lipase. Its inclusion to gastro-intestinal (GI) digestion is expected to foster emulsification of lipophilic constituents prior to their incorporation into mixed micelles. In this study, we compared the effect of various lipases from R. niveus, R. oryzae, and rabbit gastric extracts (RGE), at different concentrations (0, 30, and 60 U mL-1), on carotenoid bioaccessibility from several food matrices (tomato juice, spinach, and carrot juice). We also investigated whether co-digestion of pure proteins (whey and soy protein isolates) at 0, 25, and 50% of the equivalent recommended dietary allowance, would interact with carotenoid bioaccessibility in presence or absence of RGE. Lipolysis was also studied. Considering all matrices combined, lipases significantly improved the bioaccessibility of carotenoids (p < 0.001). Compared to other lipases, RGE consistently increased carotenoid bioaccessibility in all tested matrices, by up to 182% (p < 0.001), this effect was partly maintained in the presence of co-digested proteins. Unexpectedly, all 3 lipases improved gastric lipolysis in all matrices, by an average of 10-fold (p < 0.001). In conclusion, only RGE contributed significantly to improving both lipolysis extent and carotenoid bioaccessibility in all tested matrices, while the presence of proteins mitigated the positive effect of lipases on carotenoid bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Iddir
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Population Health, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Strassen, Luxembourg. .,Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UC Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Juan Felipe Porras Yaruro
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Population Health, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Strassen, Luxembourg. .,École Nationale Supérieure des Mines Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UC Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Population Health, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Strassen, Luxembourg.
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Iddir M, Porras Yaruro JF, Cocco E, Hardy EM, Appenzeller BMR, Guignard C, Larondelle Y, Bohn T. Impact of Protein-Enriched Plant Food Items on the Bioaccessibility and Cellular Uptake of Carotenoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071005. [PMID: 34201643 PMCID: PMC8300660 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are lipophilic pigments which have been associated with a number of health benefits, partly related to antioxidant effects. However, due to their poor solubility during digestion, carotenoid bioavailability is low and variable. In this study, we investigated the effect of frequently consumed proteins on carotenoid bioaccessibility and cellular uptake. Whey protein isolate (WPI), soy protein isolate (SPI), sodium caseinate (SC), gelatin (GEL), turkey and cod, equivalent to 0/10/25/50% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA, approx. 60g/d), were co-digested gastro-intestinally with carotenoid-rich food matrices (tomato and carrot juice, spinach), and digesta further studied in Caco-2 cell models. Lipid digestion, surface tension and microscopic visualization were also carried out. Co-digested proteins positively influenced the micellization of carotenes (up to 3-fold, depending on type and concentration), especially in the presence of SPI (p < 0.001). An increased cellular uptake was observed for xanthophylls/carotenes (up to 12/33%, p < 0.001), which was stronger for matrices with an initially poor carotenoid micellization (i.e., tomato juice, p < 0.001), similar to what was encountered for bioaccessibility. Turkey and cod had a weaker impact. Significant interactions between carotenoids, lipids and proteins were observed during digestion. Co-digested proteins generally improved lipid digestion in all matrices (p < 0.001), especially for carrot juice, though slight decreases were observed for GEL. Protein impact on the surface tension was limited. In conclusion, proteins generally improved both carotenoid bioaccessibility and cellular uptake, depending on the matrices and carotenoid-type (i.e., carotene vs. xanthophylls), which may be relevant under specific circumstances, such as intake of carotenoid-rich food items low in lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Iddir
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); (J.F.P.Y.); (E.M.H.); (B.M.R.A.)
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Juan Felipe Porras Yaruro
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); (J.F.P.Y.); (E.M.H.); (B.M.R.A.)
- École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Cocco
- Environmental Research & Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (E.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Emilie M. Hardy
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); (J.F.P.Y.); (E.M.H.); (B.M.R.A.)
| | - Brice M. R. Appenzeller
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); (J.F.P.Y.); (E.M.H.); (B.M.R.A.)
| | - Cédric Guignard
- Environmental Research & Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg; (E.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); (J.F.P.Y.); (E.M.H.); (B.M.R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +352-621-216-637
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Aghili A, Thomovsky EJ, Johnson PA, Brooks AC, Pierce TJ, Gochenauer AE. Assessment of the physical compatibility of injectable enrofloxacin with commonly used intravenous fluids and drugs during simulated Y-port administration. Am J Vet Res 2021; 82:358-366. [PMID: 33904804 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.5.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate physical compatibility of small animal (SAE) and large animal (LAE) injectable formulations of enrofloxacin with select IV fluids and drugs. SAMPLE 162 admixtures containing SAE or LAE with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, lactated Ringer solution (LRS), Plasma-Lyte A (PLA), 6% hydroxyethylstarch 130/0.4 (HES), metoclopramide, or ampicillin-sulbactam. PROCEDURES In the first of 2 simultaneously conducted experiments, admixtures containing enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg) and a volume of IV fluid that would be administered over a 20-minute period when dosed at the maintenance infusion rate (40 mL/kg/d for saline solution, LRS, and PLA and 20 mL/kg/d for HES) were created. In the second experiment, enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg) was admixed with saline solution (40 mL/kg/d) and metoclopramide (2 mg/kg/d) or ampicillin-sulbactam (30 mg/kg). In both experiments, admixture components were infused into a flask over 20 minutes assuming patient weights of 5, 10, and 20 kg. Admixtures were created by use of undiluted SAE and SAE diluted 1:1 with saline solution and undiluted LAE and LAE diluted 1:1 and 1:10 with saline solution. Admixtures were assessed for physical incompatibility at 0, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after completion of mixing. Physical incompatibility was defined as gross precipitation, cloudiness, Tyndall effect, or change in turbidity. RESULTS Admixtures containing undiluted SAE or LAE were physically incompatible with saline solution, PLA, LRS, and HES. Because saline solution was used to dilute SAE and LAE, all admixtures containing diluted SAE or LAE were also physically incompatible. Physical compatibility of enrofloxacin with metoclopramide or ampicillin-sulbactam could not be assessed because those admixtures also contained saline solution. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Enrofloxacin was physically incompatible with all tested solutions.
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Böhm V, Lietz G, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Phelan D, Reboul E, Bánati D, Borel P, Corte-Real J, de Lera AR, Desmarchelier C, Dulinska-Litewka J, Landrier JF, Milisav I, Nolan J, Porrini M, Riso P, Roob JM, Valanou E, Wawrzyniak A, Winklhofer-Roob BM, Rühl R, Bohn T. From carotenoid intake to carotenoid blood and tissue concentrations - implications for dietary intake recommendations. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:544-573. [PMID: 32766681 PMCID: PMC8025354 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is uncertainty regarding carotenoid intake recommendations, because positive and negative health effects have been found or are correlated with carotenoid intake and tissue levels (including blood, adipose tissue, and the macula), depending on the type of study (epidemiological vs intervention), the dose (physiological vs supraphysiological) and the matrix (foods vs supplements, isolated or used in combination). All these factors, combined with interindividual response variations (eg, depending on age, sex, disease state, genetic makeup), make the relationship between carotenoid intake and their blood/tissue concentrations often unclear and highly variable. Although blood total carotenoid concentrations <1000 nmol/L have been related to increased chronic disease risk, no dietary reference intakes (DRIs) exist. Although high total plasma/serum carotenoid concentrations of up to 7500 nmol/L are achievable after supplementation, a plateauing effect for higher doses and prolonged intake is apparent. In this review and position paper, the current knowledge on carotenoids in serum/plasma and tissues and their relationship to dietary intake and health status is summarized with the aim of proposing suggestions for a "normal," safe, and desirable range of concentrations that presumably are beneficial for health. Existing recommendations are likewise evaluated and practical dietary suggestions are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Lietz
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Phelan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | | | - Patrick Borel
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Joana Corte-Real
- Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Centro De Investigaciones Biomédicas and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Irina Milisav
- University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia and with University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes M Roob
- Research Unit Chronic Inflammation in Nephrology, Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Agata Wawrzyniak
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brigitte M Winklhofer-Roob
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary and with CISCAREX UG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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Maurya VK, Shakya A, Aggarwal M, Gothandam KM, Bohn T, Pareek S. Fate of β-Carotene within Loaded Delivery Systems in Food: State of Knowledge. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:426. [PMID: 33802152 PMCID: PMC8001630 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has opened new opportunities for delivering bioactive agents. Their physiochemical characteristics, i.e., small size, high surface area, unique composition, biocompatibility and biodegradability, make these nanomaterials an attractive tool for β-carotene delivery. Delivering β-carotene through nanoparticles does not only improve its bioavailability/bioaccumulation in target tissues, but also lessens its sensitivity against environmental factors during processing. Regardless of these benefits, nanocarriers have some limitations, such as variations in sensory quality, modification of the food matrix, increasing costs, as well as limited consumer acceptance and regulatory challenges. This research area has rapidly evolved, with a plethora of innovative nanoengineered materials now being in use, including micelles, nano/microemulsions, liposomes, niosomes, solidlipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipids and nanostructured carriers. These nanodelivery systems make conventional delivery systems appear archaic and promise better solubilization, protection during processing, improved shelf-life, higher bioavailability as well as controlled and targeted release. This review provides information on the state of knowledge on β-carotene nanodelivery systems adopted for developing functional foods, depicting their classifications, compositions, preparation methods, challenges, release and absorption of β-carotene in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and possible risks and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kumar Maurya
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131 028, Haryana, India; (V.K.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Amita Shakya
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131 028, Haryana, India;
| | - Manjeet Aggarwal
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131 028, Haryana, India; (V.K.M.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Sunil Pareek
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131 028, Haryana, India;
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Hayes M, Corbin S, Nunn C, Pottorff M, Kay CD, Lila MA, Iorrizo M, Ferruzzi MG. Influence of simulated food and oral processing on carotenoid and chlorophyll in vitro bioaccessibility among six spinach genotypes. Food Funct 2021; 12:7001-7016. [PMID: 34151926 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00600b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the density of micronutrients and phytochemicals in vegetable foods through plant breeding and processing is of value for consumers. However, the extent to which interactions between genetics and processing (G × P) can be leveraged for green leafy vegetables to improve the delivery of such compounds is unknown. Using spinach as a model, a three-phase in vitro digestion method with and without simulated oral processing (mastication) and coupling to a Caco-2 human intestinal cell culture model was used to determine whether bioaccessibility and intestinal uptake of carotenoids and chlorophylls can be modified from six spinach genotypes, fresh or processed as blanched, sterilized, and juiced products. Carotenoid and chlorophyll bioaccessibility varied significantly with the genotype (p < 0.001) and processing treatment (p < 0.001), with processing having a more profound influence on the bioaccessibility, decreasing micellarization of phytochemicals from juiced (25.8-29.3%), to fresh (19.5-27.9%), to blanched (14.9-20.5%), and sterilized spinach (10.4-13.0%). Oral mastication had a significant influence on the carotenoid bioaccessible content of sterilized spinach (0.3-0.5 μmoles per g DW) as compared to fresh spinach (0.1-0.3 μmoles per g DW), most likely due to the additive effect of thermal processing and mastication on facilitating digestive breakdown of the spinach matrix. Caco-2 accumulation of carotenoid and chlorophyll was modestly but significantly (<0.001) lower in fresh spinach (2.4%) compared to other treatment samples (3.7-4.8%). These results suggest that the genotype, processing treatment, and genotype × processing (G × P) interaction may affect carotenoid and chlorophyll bioaccessibility in spinach and that food processing remains a dominant factor in modulating the bioavailability of these phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Hayes
- North Carolina State University, Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
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Zhang YY, Stockmann R, Ng K, Ajlouni S. Opportunities for plant-derived enhancers for iron, zinc, and calcium bioavailability: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:652-685. [PMID: 33443794 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the mechanism of interactions between dietary elements, their salts, and complexing/binding ligands is vital to manage both deficiency and toxicity associated with essential element bioavailability. Numerous mineral ligands are found in both animal and plant foods and are known to exert bioactivity via element chelation resulting in modulation of antioxidant capacity or micobiome metabolism among other physiological outcomes. However, little is explored in the context of dietary mineral ligands and element bioavailability enhancement, particularly with respect to ligands from plant-derived food sources. This review highlights a novel perspective to consider various plant macro/micronutrients as prospective bioavailability enhancing ligands of three essential elements (Fe, Zn, and Ca). We also delineate the molecular mechanisms of the ligand-binding interactions underlying mineral bioaccessibility at the luminal level. We conclude that despite current understandings of some of the structure-activity relationships associated with strong mineral-ligand binding, the physiological links between ligands as element carriers and uptake at targeted sites throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract still require more research. The binding behavior of potential ligands in the human diet should be further elucidated and validated using pharmacokinetic approaches and GI models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yianna Y Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Said Ajlouni
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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18
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Ferruzzi MG, Kruger J, Mohamedshah Z, Debelo H, Taylor JR. Insights from in vitro exploration of factors influencing iron, zinc and provitamin A carotenoid bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption from cereals. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Kruger J, Taylor JRN, Ferruzzi MG, Debelo H. What is food-to-food fortification? A working definition and framework for evaluation of efficiency and implementation of best practices. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3618-3658. [PMID: 33337067 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Food-to-food fortification (FtFF) is an emerging food-based strategy that can complement current strategies in the ongoing fight against micronutrient deficiencies, but it has not been defined or characterized. This review has proposed a working definition of FtFF. Comparison with other main food-based strategies clearly differentiates FtFF as an emerging strategy with the potential to address multiple micronutrient deficiencies simultaneously, with little dietary change required by consumers. A review of literature revealed that despite the limited number of studies (in vitro and in vivo), the diversity of food-based fortificants investigated and some contradictory data, there are promising fortificants, which have the potential to improve the amount of bioavailable iron, zinc, and provitamin A from starchy staple foods. These fortificants are typically fruits and vegetables, with high mineral as well as ascorbic acid and β-carotene contents. However, as the observed improvements in micronutrient bioavailability and status are relatively small, measuring the positive outcomes is more likely to be impactful only if the FtFF products are consumed as regular staples. Considering best practices in implementation of FtFF, raw material authentication and ingredient documentation are critical, especially as the contents of target micronutrients and bioavailability modulators as well as the microbiological quality of the plant-based fortificants can vary substantially. Also, as there are only few developed supply chains for plant-based fortificants, procurement of consistent materials may be problematic. This, however, provides the opportunity for value chain development, which can contribute towards the economic growth of communities, or hybrid approaches that leverage traditional premixes to standardize product micronutrient content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanita Kruger
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John R N Taylor
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Hawi Debelo
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina
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20
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Dima C, Assadpour E, Dima S, Jafari SM. Nutraceutical nanodelivery; an insight into the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of different bioactive compounds loaded within nanocarriers. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3031-3065. [PMID: 32691612 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1792409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanofoods is a current concept that is based on the application of nanotechnologies in the preparation of safe foods, with superior nutritional and sensory characteristics, and capable of providing multiple health benefits. In line with the principles of this concept, food scientists have focused on developing new types of nano biosystems that can contribute to increasing the bioavailability of bioactive compounds used in food fortification. Numerous research teams have investigated the main factors limiting oral bioavailability including: bioaccessibility, absorption and transformation of bioactive compounds and bioactive-loaded nanocarriers. The physicochemical processes involved in the factors limiting oral bioavailability have been extensively studied, such asthe release, solubility and interaction of bioactive compounds and nanocarriers during food digestion, transport mechanisms of bioactive compounds and nanoparticles through intestinal epithelial cells as well as the chemical and biochemical transformations in phase I and phase II reactions. In this comprehensive review, the physicochemical processes involved in the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of different encapsulated bioactive compounds, that play an important role in human health, will be explained including polyphenols, phytosterols, carotenoids, vitamins and minerals. In particular, the mechanisms involved in the cellular uptake of bioactive-loaded nanocarriers including transcellular transport (diffusion, endocytosis, pinocytosis, transcytosis, phagocytosis), paracellular transport (through the "tight junctions" between epithelial cells), and the active transport of bioactive compounds under the action of membrane transporters are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Dima
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Stefan Dima
- Faculty of Science and Environment, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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21
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Debelo H, Ndiaye C, Kruger J, Hamaker BR, Ferruzzi MG. African Adansonia digitata fruit pulp (baobab) modifies provitamin A carotenoid bioaccessibility from composite pearl millet porridges. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 57:1382-1392. [PMID: 32180634 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Food-to-food fortification of staple cereal products using nutrient-dense plants shows promise to address multiple micronutrient deficiencies including vitamin A, iron and zinc in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is limited information on the potential interaction effects that such food-to-food fortified strategies may have on individual micronutrient bioavailability. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of incorporating Adansonia digitata (baobab fruit pulp), a mineral-rich plant material, on the delivery of carotenoids from a composite cereal porridge. Formulations of native fruit/vegetable-cereal composites were screened for interactions which could influence both bioaccessibility and subsequent intestinal uptake of provitamin A carotenoids. Proportions of pearl millet flour and plant materials were dry blended to provide composite cereal porridges with total provitamin A carotenoid concentrations ranging from 3590.7 ± 23.4 to 3698.5 ± 26.5 μg/100 g (fw) and baobab concentrations ranging from 0 to 25% (dw).While there were no significant differences in provitamin A carotenoid bioaccessibility from porridge formulations containing 5 or 15% baobab, inclusion of 25% baobab resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in bioaccessibility (13.3%) as compared to the control (23.8%). Despite the reduced bioaccessibility, 6 h uptake efficiency of provitamin A carotenoids by Caco-2 human intestinal cells was not significantly altered by 25% baobab inclusion. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effects on carotenoid micellarization (bioaccessibility) observed with increased baobab addition may not ultimately limit the bioavailability of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawi Debelo
- 1Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA.,2Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC USA
| | - Cheikh Ndiaye
- 3Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Johanita Kruger
- 4Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,5Present Address: Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- 3Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- 2Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC USA
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Corte-real J, Bohn T. Interaction of divalent minerals with liposoluble nutrients and phytochemicals during digestion and influences on their bioavailability – a review. Food Chem 2018; 252:285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Margier M, Buffière C, Goupy P, Remond D, Halimi C, Caris-Veyrat C, Borel P, Reboul E. Opposite Effects of the Spinach Food Matrix on Lutein Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Uptake Lead to Unchanged Bioavailability Compared to Pure Lutein. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800185. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Margier
- INRA, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université C2VN; F-13005 Marseille France
| | - Caroline Buffière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne; F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Pascale Goupy
- UMR408 SQPOV Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale Domaine Saint Paul, INRA, Avignon University; F-84000 Avignon France
| | - Didier Remond
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne; F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Charlotte Halimi
- INRA, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université C2VN; F-13005 Marseille France
| | - Catherine Caris-Veyrat
- UMR408 SQPOV Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale Domaine Saint Paul, INRA, Avignon University; F-84000 Avignon France
| | - Patrick Borel
- INRA, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université C2VN; F-13005 Marseille France
| | - Emmanuelle Reboul
- INRA, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université C2VN; F-13005 Marseille France
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Corte-Real J, Desmarchelier C, Borel P, Richling E, Hoffmann L, Bohn T. Magnesium affects spinach carotenoid bioaccessibility in vitro depending on intestinal bile and pancreatic enzyme concentrations. Food Chem 2018; 239:751-759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Aragón IJ, Ceballos H, Dufour D, Ferruzzi MG. Pro-vitamin A carotenoids stability and bioaccessibility from elite selection of biofortified cassava roots (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) processed to traditional flours and porridges. Food Funct 2018; 9:4822-4835. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01276h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of fermentation and thermal processing on the stability and bioaccessibility of pVAC from elite selections of biofortified cassava roots were assessed to determine the potential for genotype x processing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hernán Ceballos
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)
- Cali
- Colombia
| | - Dominique Dufour
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD)
- UMR Qualisud
- 34398 Montpellier Cedex
- France
| | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Department of Food Science
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
- Plants for Human Health Institute
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Rodrigues DB, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Mariutti LRB, Mercadante AZ, Failla ML. Comparison of Two Static in Vitro Digestion Methods for Screening the Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids in Fruits, Vegetables, and Animal Products. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:11220-11228. [PMID: 29205039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In vitro digestion methods are routinely used to assess the bioaccessibility of carotenoids and other dietary lipophilic compounds. Here, we compared the recovery of carotenoids and their efficiency of micellarization in digested fruits, vegetables, egg yolk, and salmon and also in mixed-vegetable salads with and without either egg yolk or salmon using the static INFOGEST method22 and the procedure of Failla et al.16 Carotenoid stability during the simulated digestion was ≥70%. The efficiencies of the partitioning of carotenoids into mixed micelles were similar when individual plant foods and salad meals were digested using the two static methods. Furthermore, the addition of cooked egg or salmon to vegetable salads increased the bioaccessibility of some carotenoids. Our findings showed that the two methods of in vitro digestion generated similar estimates of carotenoid retention and bioaccessibility for diverse foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele B Rodrigues
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian R B Mariutti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Adriana Z Mercadante
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mark L Failla
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Corte-real J, Guignard C, Gantenbein M, Weber B, Burgard K, Hoffmann L, Richling E, Bohn T. No influence of supplemental dietary calcium intake on the bioavailability of spinach carotenoids in humans. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1560-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDietary carotenoid intake, especially from fruits and vegetables, has been associated with a reduced incidence of several chronic diseases. However, its bioavailability can vary, depending on the food matrix and host factors. Recently, it has been suggested that divalent minerals negatively impinge on carotenoid bioavailability by reducing bile-salt and non-esterified fatty-acid levels in the gut, which normally aid in emulsifying carotenoids. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether supplemental Ca would negatively influence carotenoid absorption in humans. A total of twenty-five healthy, non-obese men (age: 20–46 years, BMI<30 kg/m2) were recruited for this postprandial, randomised, crossover, double-blinded trial. Following a randomised block design, each participant received (after 2-week washout periods), on three occasions separated by 1 week, 270 g of spinach-based meals (8·61 (sd 1·08) mg carotenoids/100 g fresh weight), supplemented with 0, 500 or 1000 mg of Ca (as calcium carbonate), with each participant acting as his or her own control. Blood samples were collected at regular postprandial intervals for up to 10 h following test meal intake, and standardised lunches were served. TAG-rich lipoprotein fractions were separated and carotenoid concentrations determined. AUC for meals without supplemented Ca were 22·72 (sem 2·78) nmol×h/l (lutein), 0·19 (sem 3·90) nmol×h/l (β-carotene) and 2·80 (sem 1·75) nmol×h/l (β-cryptoxanthin). No significant influence of supplementation with either 500 or 1000 mg of supplemental Ca was found. In conclusion, Ca – the most abundant divalent mineral in the diet – given at high but physiological concentrations, does not appear to have repercussions on the bioavailability of carotenoids from a spinach-based meal.
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