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Andrews KG, Horton PN, Coles SJ. Programmable synthesis of organic cages with reduced symmetry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6536-6543. [PMID: 38699263 PMCID: PMC11062111 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00889h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrating symmetry-reducing methods into self-assembly methodology is desirable to efficiently realise the full potential of molecular cages as hosts and catalysts. Although techniques have been explored for metal organic (coordination) cages, rational strategies to develop low symmetry organic cages remain limited. In this article, we describe rules to program the shape and symmetry of organic cage cavities by designing edge pieces that bias the orientation of the amide linkages. We apply the rules to synthesise cages with well-defined cavities, supported by evidence from crystallography, spectroscopy and modelling. Access to low-symmetry, self-assembled organic cages such as those presented, will widen the current bottleneck preventing study of organic enzyme mimics, and provide synthetic tools for novel functional material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith G Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University Lower Mount Joy, South Rd Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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2
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Wang K, Tang X, Anjali BA, Dong J, Jiang J, Liu Y, Cui Y. Chiral Covalent Organic Cages: Structural Isomerism and Enantioselective Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6638-6651. [PMID: 38415351 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic cages are a prominent class of discrete porous architectures; however, their structural isomerism remains relatively unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the structural isomerism of chiral covalent organic cages that renders distinct enantioselective catalytic properties. Imine condensations of tetra-topic 5,10-di(3,5-diformylphenyl)-5,10-dihydrophenazine and ditopic 1,2-cyclohexanediamine produce two chiral [4 + 8] organic cage isomers with totally different topologies and geometries that depend on the orientations of four tetraaldehyde units with respect to each other. One isomer (PN-1) has an unprecedented Johnson-type J26 structure, whereas another (PN-2) adopts a tetragonal prismatic structure. After the reduction of the imine linkages, the cages are transformed into two amine bond-linked isomers PN-1R and PN-2R. After binding to Ni(II) ions, both can serve as efficient catalysts for asymmetric Michael additions, whereas PN-2R affords obviously higher enantioselectivity and reactivity than PN-1R presumably because of its large cavity and open windows that can concentrate reactants for the reactions. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirm that the enantioselective catalytic performance varies depending on the isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xianhui Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Bai Amutha Anjali
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jinqiao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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3
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Asghar M, Lakhani A, Asif M, Sheikh NS, Hashmi MA, Ludwig R, Hammud HH, Ayub K. Chiral Recognition of Amino Acids Using CC2 Porous Organic Cages. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4245-4258. [PMID: 37155274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers have the same physical properties but different chemical properties due to the difference in the orientation of groups in space and thus Chiral discrimination is quite necessary, as an enantiomer of drug can have lethal effects. In this study, we used the CC2 cage for chiral discrimination of amino acids using density functional theory. The results indicated the physisorption of amino acids in the central cavity of the cage. Among the four selected amino acids, proline showed maximum interactions with the cage and maximum chiral discrimination energy is also observed in the case of proline that is 2.78 kcal/mol. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules and noncovalent interaction index analyses showed that the S enantiomer in each case has maximum interactions. The charge transfer between the analyte and surface is further studied through natural bond orbital analysis. It showed sensitivity of cage for both enantiomers, but a more pronounced effect is seen for S enantiomers. In frontier molecular orbital analysis, the least EH-L gap is observed in the case of R proline with a maximum charge transfer of -0.24 e-. Electron density difference analysis is carried out to analyze the pattern of the charge distribution. The partial density of state analysis is computed to understand the contribution of each enantiomer in overall density of the complexes. Our results show that S-CC2 porous organic cages have a good ability to differentiate between two enantiomers. S-CC2 porous organic cages efficiently differentiated the S enantiomer from the R enantiomers of selected amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Lakhani
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Calumet College of St. Joseph, 2400, New York Avenue, Whiting, Indiana 46394, United States
| | - Misbah Asif
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S Sheikh
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Muhammad Ali Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Albert-Einstein-Straße 27, Rostock 18059, Germany
- University of Rostock, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Department "Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter", Rostock 18059, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Hassan H Hammud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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4
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Chen Y, Xia L, Li G. The progress on porous organic materials for chiral separation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463341. [PMID: 35870277 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chiral compounds have similar structures and properties, but their pharmacological action is very different or even opposite. Therefore, the separation of chiral compounds has great significance in pharmaceutical and agriculture. Porous organic materials are novel crystalline porous materials, which possess high surface area, controllable pore size, and favorable functionalization. Therefore, porous organic materials are considered to be an ideal material for chiral separation. In this review, we summarized the progress of chiral porous organic materials for chiral separation in recent years. Furthermore, the applications of chiral porous organic materials as chiral separation medias (chromatography stationary phases and membrane materials) in enantioseparation were highlighted. Finally, the remaining challenges and future directions for porous organic materials in chiral separation were also briefly outlined further to promote the development of porous organic materials in chiral separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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5
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Ding Y, Shen C, Gan F, Wang J, Zhang G, Li L, Shu M, Zhu B, Crassous J, Qiu H. Tunable construction of transition metal-coordinated helicene cages. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Ivanova S, Köster E, Holstein JJ, Keller N, Clever GH, Bein T, Beuerle F. Isoreticular Crystallization of Highly Porous Cubic Covalent Organic Cage Compounds*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17455-17463. [PMID: 33905140 PMCID: PMC8362030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modular frameworks featuring well-defined pore structures in microscale domains establish tailor-made porous materials. For open molecular solids however, maintaining long-range order after desolvation is inherently challenging, since packing is usually governed by only a few supramolecular interactions. Here we report on two series of nanocubes obtained by co-condensation of two different hexahydroxy tribenzotriquinacenes (TBTQs) and benzene-1,4-diboronic acids (BDBAs) with varying linear alkyl chains in 2,5-position. n-Butyl groups at the apical position of the TBTQ vertices yielded soluble model compounds, which were analyzed by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. In contrast, methyl-substituted cages spontaneously crystallized as isostructural and highly porous solids with BET surface areas and pore volumes of up to 3426 m2 g-1 and 1.84 cm3 g-1 . Single crystal X-ray diffraction and sorption measurements revealed an intricate cubic arrangement of alternating micro- and mesopores in the range of 0.97-2.2 nm that are fine-tuned by the alkyl substituents at the BDBA linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Ivanova
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Organische ChemieAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgCenter for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Theodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Eva Köster
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Organische ChemieAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgCenter for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Theodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Niklas Keller
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment of Chemistry & Center for NanoScience (CeNS)Butenandtstrasse 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment of Chemistry & Center for NanoScience (CeNS)Butenandtstrasse 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Florian Beuerle
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Organische ChemieAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgCenter for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Theodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
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7
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Ivanova S, Köster E, Holstein JJ, Keller N, Clever GH, Bein T, Beuerle F. Isoretikuläre Kristallisation von hochporösen kubischen kovalentorganischen Käfigverbindungen**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Ivanova
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Eva Köster
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Technische Universität Dortmund Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Niklas Keller
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department of Chemistry & Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Butenandtstraße 5–13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Technische Universität Dortmund Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Thomas Bein
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department of Chemistry & Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Butenandtstraße 5–13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Florian Beuerle
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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8
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Wagner P, Rominger F, Zhang W, Gross JH, Elbert SM, Schröder RR, Mastalerz M. Chiral Self-sorting of Giant Cubic [8+12] Salicylimine Cage Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8896-8904. [PMID: 33476442 PMCID: PMC8048989 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chiral self-sorting is intricately connected to the complicated chiral processes observed in nature and no artificial systems of comparably complexity have been generated by chemists. However, only a few examples of purely organic molecules have been reported so far, where the self-sorting process could be controlled. Herein, we describe the chiral self-sorting of large cubic [8+12] salicylimine cage compounds based on a chiral TBTQ precursor. Out of 23 possible cage isomers only the enantiopure and a meso cage were observed to be formed, which have been unambiguously characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, by careful choice of solvent the formation of meso cage could be controlled. With internal diameters of din =3.3-3.5 nm these cages are among the largest organic cage compounds characterized and show very high specific surface areas up to approx. 1500 m2 g-1 after desolvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Wagner
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Wen‐Shan Zhang
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jürgen H. Gross
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sven M. Elbert
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Rasmus R. Schröder
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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9
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Wagner P, Rominger F, Zhang W, Gross JH, Elbert SM, Schröder RR, Mastalerz M. Chiral Self‐sorting of Giant Cubic [8+12] Salicylimine Cage Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Wagner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wen‐Shan Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jürgen H. Gross
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sven M. Elbert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rasmus R. Schröder
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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10
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Abstract
Amino acid hydrogen oxalate quasiracemates form robust crystal structure motifs that are assessed for conformational similarity and degree of inversion symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell G. Wells
- Department of Chemistry, Whitworth University, 300 West Hawthorne Road, Spokane, Washington, 99251, USA
| | - Katriel D. Sahlstrom
- Department of Chemistry, Whitworth University, 300 West Hawthorne Road, Spokane, Washington, 99251, USA
| | - Franklin I. Ekelem
- Department of Chemistry, Whitworth University, 300 West Hawthorne Road, Spokane, Washington, 99251, USA
| | - Kraig A. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Whitworth University, 300 West Hawthorne Road, Spokane, Washington, 99251, USA
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11
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Sharafi M, McKay KT, Ivancic M, McCarthy DR, Dudkina N, Murphy KE, Rajappan SC, Campbell JP, Shen Y, Badireddy AR, Li J, Schneebeli ST. Size-selective Catalytic Polymer Acylation with a Molecular Tetrahedron. Chem 2020; 6:1469-1494. [PMID: 32728651 PMCID: PMC7388586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Selective catalysis at the molecular level represents a cornerstone of chemical synthesis. However, it still remains an open question how to elevate tunable catalysis to larger length scales to functionalize whole polymer chains in a selective manner. We now report a hydrazone-linked tetrahedron with wide openings, which acts as a catalyst to size-selectively functionalize polydisperse polymer mixtures. Our experimental and computational evidence supports a dual role of the hydrazone-linked tetrahedron. To accelerate functionalization of the polymer substrates, the tetrahedron (i) unfolds the polymer substrates and/or breaks the polymer aggregates as well as (ii) enables target sites (amino groups) on the polymers to coordinate with catalytic units (triglyme) attached to the tetrahedron. With the tetrahedron as the catalyst, we find that the reactivity of the shorter polymers increases selectively. Our findings enable the possibility to engineer hydrolytically stable molecular polyhedra as organocatalysts for size-selective polymer modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sharafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Kyle T McKay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Monika Ivancic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Dillon R McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Natavan Dudkina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Kyle E Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Sinu C Rajappan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Joseph P Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Yuxiang Shen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Appala Raju Badireddy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Severin T Schneebeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Lead Contact
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12
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Abstract
The self-assembly of PdX2 (X- = ClO4- and PF6-) with C3-symmetric l- and d-L [L = (2S,2'S,2″S)- and (2R,2'R,2″R)-[benzenetricarbonyltris(azanediyl)]tris(3-phenylpropane-2,1-diyl)triisonicotinate] produces the chiral nanocube pair [Pd6(l-L)8](X)12 and [Pd6(d-L)8](X)12 (X- = ClO4- and PF6-, respectively) with an inner cavity of 12.3 × 12.3 × 12.3 Å3. These chiral nanocubes are effective for the enantiorecognition of various chiral amino acids via the square-wave-voltammetry technique. In the present study, the site of enantiorecognition was confirmed by density functional theory calculated interactions between each nanocube and the chiral amino acids, and the calculated interactions were coincident with the shifts of the electrochemical oxidation potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Deok Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sang Hak Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ok-Sang Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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13
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Shi P, Sartin MM, Lin X, Zhang P, Fang H, Peng P, Tian Z, Cao X. Chaperone-like chiral cages for catalyzing enantio-selective supramolecular polymerization. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8076-8082. [PMID: 31908753 PMCID: PMC6910136 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02412c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral organic cages can assist enantio-selective supramolecular polymerization through a catalyzed assembly (catassembly) strategy, like chaperones assist the assembly of biomolecules.
Cage catalysis has emerged as an important approach for mimicking enzymatic reactions by increasing the reaction rate and/or product selectivity of various types of covalent reactions. Here, we extend the catalytic application of cage compounds to the field of non-covalent molecular assembly. Acid-stable chiral imine cages are found to catalyze the supramolecular polymerization of porphyrins with an accelerated assembling rate and increased product enantioselectivity. Because the imine cages have a stronger interaction with porphyrin monomers and a weaker interaction with porphyrin assemblies, they can fully automatically detach from the assembled products without being consumed during the catalytic process. We reveal the kinetics of the auto-detachment of cages and the chirality growth of the assemblies using spectroscopic characterization studies. We find that the passivation groups attached to the cages are important for maintaining the structural stability of the cages during catalyzed assembly, and that the steric geometries of the cages can profoundly affect the efficiency of chiral regulation. This strategy demonstrates a new type of catalytic application of cage compounds in the field of molecular assembly, and paves the way to controlling supramolecular polymerization through a catalytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Yibin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Peichen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Matthew M Sartin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Xujing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Hongxun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Pixian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 592 2185862
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14
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Kearsey RJ, Alston BM, Briggs ME, Greenaway RL, Cooper AI. Accelerated robotic discovery of type II porous liquids. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9454-9465. [PMID: 32110304 PMCID: PMC7017875 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03316e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput automation was used to streamline the synthesis, characterisation, and solubility testing, of new Type II porous liquids, accelerating their discovery.
Porous liquids are an emerging class of materials and to date little is known about how to best design their properties. For example, bulky solvents are required that are size-excluded from the pores in the liquid, along with high concentrations of the porous component, but both of these factors may also contribute to higher viscosities, which are undesirable. Hence, the inherent multivariate nature of porous liquids makes them amenable to high-throughput optimisation strategies. Here we develop a high-throughput robotic workflow, encompassing the synthesis, characterisation and property testing of highly-soluble, vertex-disordered porous organic cages dissolved in a range of cavity-excluded solvents. As a result, we identified 29 cage–solvent combinations that combine both higher cage-cavity concentrations and more acceptable carrier solvents than the best previous examples. The most soluble materials gave three times the pore concentration of the best previously reported scrambled cage porous liquid, as demonstrated by increased gas uptake. We were also able to explore alternative methods for gas capture and release, including liberation of the gas by increasing the temperature. We also found that porous liquids can form gels at higher concentrations, trapping the gas in the pores, which could have potential applications in gas storage and transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Kearsey
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZD , UK . ;
| | - Ben M Alston
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZD , UK . ;
| | - Michael E Briggs
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZD , UK . ;
| | - Rebecca L Greenaway
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZD , UK . ;
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory , University of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZD , UK . ;
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bravin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Mason
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Licini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zonta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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16
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Uji H, Ogawa J, Itabashi K, Imai T, Kimura S. Compartmentalized host spaces accommodating guest aromatic molecules in a chiral way in a helix-peptide-aromatic framework. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12483-12486. [PMID: 30338328 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07380e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel host molecular assembly of a free-standing flat nanosheet with compartmentalized spaces was prepared using a bolaamphiphilic peptide composed of two amphiphilic helical peptides and an oligo(naphthaleneethynylene) (ONE) unit at the center of the molecule. The nanosheet possesses void host spaces that can accommodate two mol-equivalent ONE groups to form columns of ONE groups in a right-handed helical way and ONE channels over a long distance. The present molecular system therefore can provide a chiral pore channel for relatively large molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Uji
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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17
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Gus’kov VY, Maistrenko VN. New Chiral Stationary Phases: Preparation, Properties, and Applications in Gas Chromatography. J Anal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934818100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Day GM, Cooper AI. Energy-Structure-Function Maps: Cartography for Materials Discovery. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1704944. [PMID: 29205536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Some of the most successful approaches to structural design in materials chemistry have exploited strong directional bonds, whose geometric reliability lends predictability to solid-state assembly. For example, metal-organic frameworks are an important design platform in materials chemistry. By contrast, the structure of molecular crystals is defined by a balance of weaker intermolecular forces, and small changes to the molecular building blocks can lead to large changes in crystal packing. Hence, empirical rules are inherently less reliable for engineering the structures of molecular solids. Energy-structure-function (ESF) maps are a new approach for the discovery of functional organic crystals. These maps fuse crystal-structure prediction with the computation of physical properties to allow researchers to choose the most promising molecule for a given application, prior to its synthesis. ESF maps were used recently to discover a highly porous molecular crystal that has a high methane deliverable capacity and the lowest density molecular crystal reported to date (r = 0.41 g cm-3 , SABET = 3425 m2 g-1 ). Progress in this field is reviewed, with emphasis on the future opportunities and challenges for a design strategy based on computed ESF maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme M Day
- Computational Systems Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, Leverhulme Centre for Functional Materials Design, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
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19
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Zhang P, Wang X, Xuan W, Peng P, Li Z, Lu R, Wu S, Tian Z, Cao X. Chiral separation and characterization of triazatruxene-based face-rotating polyhedra: the role of non-covalent facial interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4685-4688. [PMID: 29675540 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02049c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We constructed a series of novel chiral molecular face-rotating polyhedra (FRP) from two 10,15-dihydro-5H-diindolo[3,2-a:3',2'-c]carbazole (triazatruxene) derivatives and trans-1,2-cyclohexane diamine, and investigated how facial interactions and the positions of substituents determine the diastereoselectivity and geometry of the final assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
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20
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Gropp C, Quigley BL, Diederich F. Molecular Recognition with Resorcin[4]arene Cavitands: Switching, Halogen-Bonded Capsules, and Enantioselective Complexation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2705-2717. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Gropp
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Brendan L. Quigley
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Qiu L, McCaffrey R, Zhang W. Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Closed-Shell Structures as Templates. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:362-372. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology; Yunnan University; 1650091 Kunming China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Ryan McCaffrey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology; Yunnan University; 1650091 Kunming China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
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22
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23
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Tothadi S, Little MA, Hasell T, Briggs ME, Chong SY, Liu M, Cooper AI. Modular assembly of porous organic cage crystals: isoreticular quasiracemates and ternary co-crystal. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00783c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Co-crystallisation of helically chiral porous organic cage molecules has enabled the formation of isoreticular quasiracemates and a rare porous organic ternary co-crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinu Tothadi
- Chemistry Department and Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Physical/Materials Chemistry Division
| | - Marc A. Little
- Chemistry Department and Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Chemistry Department and Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - Michael E. Briggs
- Chemistry Department and Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - Samantha Y. Chong
- Chemistry Department and Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - Ming Liu
- Chemistry Department and Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Chemistry Department and Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
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