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Xue Y, Wang Z, Dutta A, Chen X, Gao P, Li R, Yan J, Niu G, Wang Y, Du S, Cheng H, Yang L. Superhydrophobic, stretchable kirigami pencil-on-paper multifunctional device platform. Chem Eng J 2023; 465:142774. [PMID: 37484163 PMCID: PMC10361402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.142774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics with applications in healthcare, human-machine interfaces, and robotics often explore complex manufacturing procedures and are not disposable. Although the use of conductive pencil patterns on cellulose paper provides inexpensive, disposable sensors, they have limited stretchability and are easily affected by variations in the ambient environment. This work presents the combination of pencil-on-paper with the hydrophobic fumed SiO2 (Hf-SiO2) coating and stretchable kirigami structures from laser cutting to prepare a superhydrophobic, stretchable pencil-on-paper multifunctional sensing platform. The resulting sensor exhibits a large response to NO2 gas at elevated temperature from self-heating, which is minimally affected by the variations in the ambient temperature and relative humidity, as well as mechanical deformations such as bending and stretching states. The integrated temperature sensor and electrodes with the sensing platform can accurately detect temperature and electrophysiological signals to alert for adverse thermal effects and cardiopulmonary diseases. The thermal therapy and electrical stimulation provided by the platform can also deliver effective means to battle against inflammation/infection and treat chronic wounds. The superhydrophobic pencil-onpaper multifunctional device platform provides a low-cost, disposable solution to disease diagnostic confirmation and early treatment for personal and population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Ankan Dutta
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Xue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics and Neuroengineering of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Electronic Information, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Runze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics and Neuroengineering of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Jiayi Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Guangyu Niu
- Department of Architecture and Art, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Shuaijie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics and Neuroengineering of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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2
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Chen H, Zhao Y, Zhao H, Huang H, Wen N, Wang C, Fan Z, Hao L, Pan L. Hybrid films constructed by carbon nanotubes and carbon nanocoils as current collectors for lithium-ion batteries. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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3
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Sun Y, Ding Z, Zhang Y, Dong Z, Sun L, Wang N, Yin M, Zhang J, Wang GP. Carbon nanocoils decorated with scale-like mesoporous NiO nanosheets for ultrasensitive room temperature ppb-level NO 2 sensing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3485-3493. [PMID: 36637146 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04860d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although NO2 detection based on metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) has received continuous attention, the sensing properties of MOSs still need to be further improved for practical application. Carbon nanocoils (CNCs) exhibit excellent physicochemical properties due to their unique polycrystalline amorphous structure and helical morphology. Herein, CNCs composited with NiO nanosheets were developed for room temperature NO2 sensing, in which highly dispersed mesoporous NiO nanosheets on CNCs was achieved with extremely higher sensitivity. Due to a large number of exposed active sites and the efficient conductive network of CNCs, this particular scale-like nanocomposite exhibits a nearly 8 times higher response to 60 ppm NO2 than bare NiO nanosheets at room temperature, outperforming the majority of previously reported NO2 sensors at room temperature. Moreover, the nanocomposite-based gas sensor has a detection concentration limit of 60.3 ppb, which is advantageous for the sensing of NO2 at low concentrations. We believe that this work will provide the direction for the research and development of highly sensitive smart sensors, as well as encourage further investigation of multifunctional sensing applications utilizing CNCs as the primary frame support material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Sun
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Zhezhe Ding
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Zhe Dong
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Neng Wang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Meijie Yin
- Electron Microscope Center, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Guo Ping Wang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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4
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Moscoso R, Abarca S, Yáñez C, Squella J. MWCNT buckypaper disc films as alternative to the drop casting method to modify electrode surfaces. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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5
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Li C, Zhang Y, Yang S, Zhao H, Guo Y, Cong T, Huang H, Fan Z, Liang H, Pan L. A flexible tissue-carbon nanocoil-carbon nanotube-based humidity sensor with high performance and durability. Nanoscale 2022; 14:7025-7038. [PMID: 35471502 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00027j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A flexible humidity sensor based on a tissue-carbon nanocoil (CNC)-carbon nanotube (CNT) composite has been investigated. Taking advantage of the excellent water absorption of tissue and the electrical sensitivity of CNCs/CNTs to humidity, this humidity sensor obtains outstanding humidity sensing performance, including a wide sensing range of 10-90% RH, a maximum response value of 492% (ΔR/R0) at 90% RH, a maximum sensitivity of 6.16%/% RH, a good long-time stability of more than 7 days, a high humidity resolution accuracy of less than 1% RH and a fast response time of 275 ms. Furthermore, the sensor also exhibits robust bending (with a curvature of 0.322 cm-1) and folding (up to 500 times) durability, and after being made into a complex "thousand paper crane" shape it still provides stable humidity sensing performance. As a proof of concept, this humidity sensor demonstrates excellent responsivity to human breath monitoring, non-contact fingertip humidity detection, water boiling detection and air humidity monitoring, indicating great potential in the fields of wearable devices, weather forecasting systems and other intelligent humidity monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Li
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Shuaitao Yang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Huitong Zhao
- School of Microelectronics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Guo
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Tianze Cong
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Huang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Zeng Fan
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Hongwei Liang
- School of Microelectronics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lujun Pan
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
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Luo J, Ji N, Zhang W, Ge P, Liu Y, Sun J, Wang J, Zhuo Q, Qin C, Dai L. Ultrasensitive airflow sensor prepared by electrostatic flocking for sound recognition and motion monitoring. Mater Horiz 2022; 9:1503-1512. [PMID: 35319059 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00064d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, airflow sensors have attracted great attention due to their unique characteristics. However, the preparation of high-performance airflow sensors via extraordinarily simple, controllable and cost-effective methods remains a great challenge. Herein, inspired by the fluff system of the spider, an ultrasensitive fluffy-like airflow sensor with carbon fibers (CFs) uniformly and firmly planted on the surface of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibrous substrate has been easily fabricated using electrostatic flocking technology. The fluffy-like structure endows the airflow sensor with superior properties including ultra-sensitivity, fast response time (0.103 s), low airflow velocity detection limit (0.068 m s-1), ultra-sensitive detection in a wide airflow range (0.068-16 m s-1), and multi-directional consistent response to airflow. This sensor can be used to accurately recognize sound waves and voiceless speech and detect human and object motions in different postures and speeds. This work presents insights into designing and preparing high-performance airflow sensors on a large-scale for sound recognition, motion monitoring, and assisting the disabled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Luo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Nan Ji
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Pei Ge
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Yixuan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Qiqi Zhuo
- College of Material Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanxiang Qin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Lixing Dai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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7
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Feng Q, Wan K, Zhu T, Fan X, Zhang C, Liu T. Stretchable, Environment-Stable, and Knittable Ionic Conducting Fibers Based on Metallogels for Wearable Wide-Range and Durable Strain Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:4542-4551. [PMID: 35034447 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The construction of fibrous ionic conductors and sensors with large stretchability, low-temperature tolerance, and environmental stability is highly desired for practical wearable devices yet is challenging. Herein, metallogels (MOGs) with a rapidly reversible force-stimulated sol-gel transition were employed and encapsulated into a hollow thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) microfiber through a simple coaxial spinning. The resultant MOG@TPE coaxial fiber exhibited a high stretchability (>100%) in a broad temperature range (-50 to 50 °C). The MOG@TPE fibrous strain sensor demonstrated a high-yet-linear working curve, fast response time (<100 ms), highly stable conductivity under large deformation, and excellent cycling stability (>3000 cycles). The MOG@TPE fibrous sensors were demonstrated to be directly attached to the human skin to monitor the real-time movements of large/facet joints of the elbow, wrist, finger, and knee. It is believed that the present work for preparing the stretchable ionic conductive fibers holds great promise for applications in fibrous wearable sensors with broad temperature range, large stretchability, stable conductivity, and high wearing comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Kening Wan
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
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8
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Lin X, Li F, Bing Y, Fei T, Liu S, Zhao H, Zhang T. Biocompatible Multifunctional E-Skins with Excellent Self-Healing Ability Enabled by Clean and Scalable Fabrication. Nanomicro Lett 2021; 13:200. [PMID: 34550499 PMCID: PMC8458512 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic skins (e-skins) with an excellent sensing performance have been widely developed over the last few decades. However, wearability, biocompatibility, environmental friendliness and scalability have become new limitations. Self-healing ability can improve the long-term robustness and reliability of e-skins. However, self-healing ability and integration are hardly balanced in classical structures of self-healable devices. Here, cellulose nanofiber/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CNF/PVA), a biocompatible moisture-inspired self-healable composite, was applied both as the binder in functional layers and the substrate. Various functional layers comprising particular carbon materials and CNF/PVA were patterned on the substrate. A planar structure was beneficial for integration, and the active self-healing ability of the functional layers endowed self-healed e-skins with a higher toughness. Water served as both the only solvent throughout the fabrication process and the trigger of the self-healing process, which avoids the pollution and bioincompatibility caused by the application of noxious additives. Our e-skins could achieve real-time monitoring of whole-body physiological signals and environmental temperature and humidity. Cross-interference between different external stimuli was suppressed through reasonable material selection and structural design. Combined with conventional electronics, data could be transmitted to a nearby smartphone for post-processing. This work provides a previously unexplored strategy for multifunctional e-skins with an excellent practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bing
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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Kanoun O, Bouhamed A, Ramalingame R, Bautista-Quijano JR, Rajendran D, Al-Hamry A. Review on Conductive Polymer/CNTs Nanocomposites Based Flexible and Stretchable Strain and Pressure Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:E341. [PMID: 33419047 PMCID: PMC7825437 DOI: 10.3390/s21020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, significant developments of flexible and stretchable force sensors have been witnessed in order to satisfy the demand of several applications in robotic, prosthetics, wearables and structural health monitoring bringing decisive advantages due to their manifold customizability, easy integration and outstanding performance in terms of sensor properties and low-cost realization. In this paper, we review current advances in this field with a special focus on polymer/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based sensors. Based on the electrical properties of polymer/CNTs nanocomposite, we explain underlying principles for pressure and strain sensors. We highlight the influence of the manufacturing processes on the achieved sensing properties and the manifold possibilities to realize sensors using different shapes, dimensions and measurement procedures. After an intensive review of the realized sensor performances in terms of sensitivity, stretchability, stability and durability, we describe perspectives and provide novel trends for future developments in this intriguing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Kanoun
- Professorship of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (R.R.); (J.R.B.-Q.); (D.R.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ayda Bouhamed
- Professorship of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (R.R.); (J.R.B.-Q.); (D.R.); (A.A.-H.)
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10
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Huang J, Yang X, Liu J, Her SC, Guo J, Gu J, Guan L. Vibration monitoring based on flexible multi-walled carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane film sensor and the application on motion signal acquisition. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:335504. [PMID: 32353833 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8edd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensors at small scales have potential applications in many fields. Until now, the research on high-performance vibration sensors based on soft materials with high sensitivity and precision, fast response and high stability are still in its infancy. In this work, a flexible, wearable and high precision film sensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was prepared via a vacuum filtration process and then encapsulated within polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The sensor exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity with gauge factor of 214.3 at flexural strain of 0.4%. When used to monitor the vibration responses of a carbon-fiber beam induced by the base excitation and impact hammer, the time and frequency responses were comparable with the results obtained by the accelerometer, with difference less than 1\!%. In addition, when the MWCNT/PDMS thin film was employed as an electronic skin sensor attached on the human body to detect human activities, the high sensitivity and repeatability demonstrate a great potential application in monitoring human motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianren Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China. CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
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11
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Danish M, Luo S. A New Route to Enhance the Packing Density of Buckypaper for Superior Piezoresistive Sensor Characteristics. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E2904. [PMID: 32443850 PMCID: PMC7287720 DOI: 10.3390/s20102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transforming individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into bulk form is necessary for the utilization of the extraordinary properties of CNTs in sensor applications. Individual CNTs are randomly arranged when transformed into the bulk structure in the form of buckypaper. The random arrangement has many pores among individual CNTs, which can be treated as gaps or defects contributing to the degradation of CNT properties in the bulk form. A novel technique of filling these gaps is successfully developed in this study and termed as a gap-filling technique (GFT). The GFT is implemented on SWCNT-based buckypaper in which the pores are filled through small-size MWCNTs, resulting in a ~45.9% improvement in packing density. The GFT is validated through the analysis of packing density along with characterization and surface morphological study of buckypaper using Raman spectrum, particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy. The sensor characteristics parameters of buckypaper are investigated using a dynamic mechanical analyzer attached with a digital multimeter. The percentage improvement in the electrical conductivity, tensile gauge factor, tensile strength and failure strain of a GFT-implemented buckypaper sensor are calculated as 4.11 ± 0.61, 44.81 ± 1.72, 49.82 ± 8.21 and 113.36 ± 28.74, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sida Luo
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
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Danish M, Luo S. Micro-Crack Induced Buckypaper/PI Tape Hybrid Sensors with Enhanced and Tunable Piezo-Resistive Properties. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16920. [PMID: 31729448 PMCID: PMC6858318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Piezoresistive properties play a vital role in the development of sensor for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Novel stable crack initiation method (SCIM) is established to improve the gauge factor (GF) with maximum achievable working strain region for PI tape enabled buckypaper hybrid sensors. Cracks are generated by applying strain rate-controlled tension force using dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The sensor has been cycled in tension to characterize GF with crack opening. It is determined experimentally that GF increases with increasing crack opening and crack becomes unstable when opening increases above 8 µm. Tremendous improvement in GF has been observed which improved from single-digit to several hundreds. The highest GF obtained so far is ~255, showing 75 times improvement compared with the ones without the SCIM implementation. The crack initiation strain (CIS) is characterized by sonication and centrifugation time. It is determined experimentally that the maximum CIS of 3.5% can be achieved with sonication time of 40 min and increasing centrifuge time has an in-significantly dropping effect on CIS. Excellent stability/reproducibility has been proved/demonstrated on SCIM implemented sensors through a rigorous 12,500 tensile cycle test on DMA. The performance of sensor is practically demonstrated in tension and bending on glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Danish
- Beihang University, School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sida Luo
- Beihang University, School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Santos A, Amorim L, Nunes JP, Rocha LA, Silva AF, Viana JC. A Comparative Study between Knocked-Down Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Buckypaper-Based Strain Sensors. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12122013. [PMID: 31234602 PMCID: PMC6631796 DOI: 10.3390/ma12122013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most promising materials in sensing applications due to their electrical and mechanical properties. This paper presents a comparative study between CNT Buckypaper (BP) and aligned CNT-based strain sensors. The Buckypapers were produced by vacuum filtration of commercial CNTs dispersed in two different solvents, N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and ethanol, forming freestanding sheets, which were cut in 10 × 10 mm squares and transferred to polyimide (PI) films. The morphology of the BP was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The initial electrical resistivity of the samples was measured, and then relative electrical resistance versus strain measurements were obtained. The results were compared with the knocked-down vertically aligned CNT/PI based sensors previously reported. Although both types of sensors were sensitive to strain, the aligned CNT/PI samples had better mechanical performance and the advantage of inferring strain direction due to their electrical resistivity anisotropic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santos
- IPC/i3N-Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Luís Amorim
- IPC/i3N-Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- IPC/i3N-Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Luís Alexandre Rocha
- CMEMS-Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Alexandre Ferreira Silva
- CMEMS-Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Júlio César Viana
- IPC/i3N-Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
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Zhao L, Qiang F, Dai SW, Shen SC, Huang YZ, Huang NJ, Zhang GD, Guan LZ, Gao JF, Song YH, Tang LC. Construction of sandwich-like porous structure of graphene-coated foam composites for ultrasensitive and flexible pressure sensors. Nanoscale 2019; 11:10229-10238. [PMID: 31049502 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02672j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive and flexible pressure sensors that can perceive and respond to environmental stimuli have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in wearable electronics and electronic skin devices. Here, we report a simple and low-cost strategy to fabricate high-performance pressure sensors via constructing a unique conductive/insulating/conductive sandwich-like porous structure (SPS). Interpenetration of the conductive graphene network throughout the porous insulating interlayer produces a highly efficient transition from the non-conductive to the conductive state. Consequently, the SPS sensors exhibit an extreme resistance-switching behavior (resistance change of >105 at 30 kPa), high sensitivity (∼0.67 kPa-1, <1.5 kPa), fast response/recovery time (∼10 and ∼16 ms) and outstanding mechanical stability. Such SPS pressure sensors are applicable for detecting various mechanical deformation modes (press, bend and torsion) and different stress/strain levels (from gait feature, finger/wrist/elbow movement to breathing monitoring and real-time pulse wave), providing a new concept of device design for wearable electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
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15
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Shi G, Liu T, Kopecki Z, Cowin A, Lee I, Pai J, Lowe SE, Zhong YL. A Multifunctional Wearable Device with a Graphene/Silver Nanowire Nanocomposite for Highly Sensitive Strain Sensing and Drug Delivery. C 2019; 5:17. [DOI: 10.3390/c5020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in wearable, highly sensitive and multifunctional strain sensors open up new opportunities for the development of wearable human interface devices for various applications such as health monitoring, smart robotics and wearable therapy. Herein, we present a simple and cost-effective method to fabricate a multifunctional strain sensor consisting of a skin-mountable dry adhesive substrate, a robust sensing component and a transdermal drug delivery system. The sensor has high piezoresisitivity to monitor real-time signals from finger bending to ulnar pulse. A transdermal drug delivery system consisting of polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles and a chitosan matrix is integrated into the sensor and is able to release the nanoparticles into the stratum corneum at a depth of ~60 µm. Our approach to the design of multifunctional strain sensors will lead to the development of cost-effective and well-integrated multifunctional wearable devices.
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16
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Ding H, Shu X, Jin Y, Fan T, Zhang H. Recent advances in nanomaterial-enabled acoustic devices for audible sound generation and detection. Nanoscale 2019; 11:5839-5860. [PMID: 30892308 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09736d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic devices are widely applied in telephone communication, human-computer voice interaction systems, medical ultrasound examination, and other applications. However, traditional acoustic devices are hard to integrate into a flexible system and therefore it is necessary to fabricate light weight and flexible acoustic devices for audible sound generation and detection. Recent advances in acoustic devices have greatly overcome the limitations of conventional acoustic sensors in terms of sensitivity, tunability, photostability, and in vivo applicability by employing nanomaterials. In this review, light weight and flexible nanomaterial-enabled acoustic devices (NEADs) including sound generators and sound detectors are covered. Additionally, the fundamental concepts of acoustic as well as the working principle of the NEAD are introduced in detail. Also, the structures of future acoustic devices, such as flexible earphones and microphones, are forecasted. Further exploration of flexible acoustic devices is a key priority and will have a great impact on the advancement of intelligent robot-human interaction and flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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