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Yang Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Liu X, Yu H, Wu L, Duan C, Xi Z, Fang R, Zhao Q. Co-Intercalation-Free Graphite Anode Enabled by an Additive Regulated Interphase in an Ether-Based Electrolyte for Low-Temperature Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:10116-10125. [PMID: 38381070 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Graphite (Gr) anode, which is endowed with high electronic conductivity and low volume expansion after Li-ion intercalation, establishes the basis for the success of rocking-chair Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, due to the high barrier of the Li-ion desolvation process, sluggish transport of Li ions through the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the high freezing points of electrolytes, the Gr anode still suffers from great loss of capacity and severe polarization at low temperature. Here, 1,2-diethoxyethane (DEE) with an intrinsically wide liquid region and weak solvation ability is applied as an electrolyte solvent for LIBs. By rationally designing the additives of electrolytes, an intact SEI with fast Li-ion conductivity is constructed, enabling the co-intercalation-free Gr anode with long-term stability (91.8% after 500 cycles) and impressive low-temperature characteristics (82.6% capacity retention at -20 °C). Coupled with LiFePO4 and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathodes, the optimized electrolyte also demonstrates low polarization under -20 °C. Our work offers a feasible approach to enable ether-based electrolytes for low-temperature LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huaqing Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lanqing Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chengyao Duan
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zihang Xi
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruijian Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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2
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Shan N, Ngo AT, Kondari A, Asadi M, Curtiss LA. A solid-state Li-air battery: computational studies of interfaces and relevance to discharge mechanism. Faraday Discuss 2024; 248:134-144. [PMID: 37791894 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00083d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
There is much interest in developing new energy storage systems to replace currently available ones that mainly work based on Li-ion intercalations. One attractive area is the Li-air battery for which most of the research has involved liquid electrolytes. There have been few studies on the use of a solid electrolyte in a Li-air battery. Recently, we reported the successful use of a solid-state electrolyte in a Li-air battery resulting in a Li2O product and potentially much higher energy density than in a Li-air battery based on either a Li2O2 or LiO2 product (Science, 2023, 379, 499). In this paper we discuss how the discharge mechanism involved in this solid-state Li-air battery differs from that of a Li-air battery with a liquid electrolyte. The solid-state mechanism is further explored with density functional studies of various interfaces involving the discharge product. We discuss the relevance of the results to the discharge mechanism in the solid-state Li-air battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Shan
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60516, USA.
| | - Anh T Ngo
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60516, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago 60607, USA
| | - Alireza Kondari
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 60616, USA
| | - Mohammad Asadi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 60616, USA
| | - Larry A Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60516, USA.
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3
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Liu L, Zheng Y, Sun Y, Pan H. Modulation of Potential-Limiting Steps in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries by Catalyst Synergy. Small 2024:e2309582. [PMID: 38225695 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis is considered to be an effective method to solve the sluggish kinetics of lithium-sulfur batteries. However, a single catalyst cannot simultaneously catalyze multi-step sulfur reductions. And once the catalyst surface is covered by the initially deposited solid products, the subsequent catalytic activity will significantly deteriorate. Here, microporous ZIF-67 and its derivative nano-metallic Co0 are used as dual-catalyst aiming to address these drawbacks. The dual catalytic center effectively cooperates the adsorption and electron transfer for multi-steps of sulfur reductions, transforming the potential-limited step (Li2 S4 →Li2 S2 /Li2 S) into a thermodynamic spontaneous reaction. ZIF-67 first adsorbs soluble Li2 S4 to form a coordination structure of ZIF-Li2 S4 . Then nano-metallic Co0 attracts uncoordinated S atoms in ZIF-Li2 S4 and facilitates the breaking of S-S bonds to form transient reductive ZIF-Li2 S2 and Co-S2 via. spontaneous electron transfer. These intermediates facilitate continuous conversion to Li2 S with reduced formation energy, which is beneficial to the regeneration of the catalyst. As a result, the cathode with ZIF@CNTs/Co@CNFs synergetic catalyst achieves initial areal capacity of 4.7 mAh cm-2 and maintains 3.5 mAh cm-2 at low electrolyte/sulfur ratio (E/S) of 5 µL mg-1 . This study provides valuable guidance for improving the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries through catalyst synergistic strategies for multi-step reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yichun Zheng
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Huilin Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
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4
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D’Amore M, Yang MY, Das T, Ferrari AM, Kim MM, Rocca R, Sgroi M, Fortunelli A, Goddard WA. Understanding Ionic Diffusion Mechanisms in Li 2S Coatings for Solid-State Batteries: Development of a Tailored Reactive Force Field for Multiscale Simulations. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2023; 127:22880-22888. [PMID: 38053625 PMCID: PMC10694816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c04991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate Li2S as a potential protective coating for lithium anode batteries using superionic electrolytes, we need to describe reactions and transport for systems at scales of >10,000 atoms for time scales beyond nanoseconds, which is most impractical for quantum mechanics (QM) calculations. To overcome this issue, here, we first report the development of the reactive analytical force field (ReaxFF) based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations on model systems at the PBE0/TZVP and M062X/TZVP levels. Then, we carry out reactive molecular dynamics simulations (RMD) for up to 20 ns to investigate the diffusion mechanisms in bulk Li2S as a function of vacancy density, determining the activation barrier for diffusion and conductivity. We show that RMD predictions for diffusion and conductivity are comparable to experiments, while results on model systems are consistent with and validated by short (10-100 ps) ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). This new ReaxFF for Li2S systems enables practical RMD on spatial scales of 10-100 nm (10,000 to 10 million atoms) for the time scales of 20 ns required to investigate predictively the interfaces between electrodes and electrolytes, electrodes and coatings, and coatings and electrolytes during the charging and discharging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena D’Amore
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Moon Young Yang
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Tridip Das
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Anna Maria Ferrari
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Minho M. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Riccardo Rocca
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, Torino 10125, Italy
- Centro
Ricerche FIAT S.C.p.A., Strada Torino 50, Orbassano, Turin 10043, Italy
| | - Mauro Sgroi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fortunelli
- CNR-ICCOM,
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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5
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Tan S, Kim JM, Corrao A, Ghose S, Zhong H, Rui N, Wang X, Senanayake S, Polzin BJ, Khalifah P, Xiao J, Liu J, Xu K, Yang XQ, Cao X, Hu E. Unravelling the convoluted and dynamic interphasial mechanisms on Li metal anodes. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:243-249. [PMID: 36471109 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Accurate understanding of the chemistry of solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) is key to developing new electrolytes for high-energy batteries using lithium metal (Li0) anodes1. SEI is generally believed to be formed by the reactions between Li0 and electrolyte2,3. However, our new study shows this is not the whole story. Through synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis, we reveal a much more convoluted formation mechanism of SEI, which receives considerable contributions from electrolyte, cathode, moisture and native surface species on Li0, with highly dynamic nature during cycling. Using isotope labelling, we traced the origin of LiH to electrolyte solvent, moisture and a new source: the native surface species (LiOH) on pristine Li0. When lithium accessibility is very limited as in the case of anode-free cells, LiOH develops into plate-shaped large crystals during cycling. Alternatively, when the lithium source is abundant, as in the case of Li||NMC811 cells, LiOH reacts with Li0 to form LiH and Li2O. While the desired anion-derived LiF-rich SEI is typically found in the concentrated electrolytes or their derivatives, we found it can also be formed in low-concentration electrolyte via the crosstalk effect, emphasizing the importance of formation cycle protocol and opening up opportunities for low-cost electrolyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tan
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ju-Myung Kim
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Adam Corrao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sanjit Ghose
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Joint Photon Sciences Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ning Rui
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Xuelong Wang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | | | - Bryant J Polzin
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Peter Khalifah
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jie Xiao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kang Xu
- Battery Science Branch, Energy Science Division, Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Xia Cao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Enyuan Hu
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
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6
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Sun J, Liu Y, Liu L, Bi J, Wang S, Du Z, Du H, Wang K, Ai W, Huang W. Interface Engineering Toward Expedited Li 2 S Deposition in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: A Critical Review. Adv Mater 2023:e2211168. [PMID: 36756778 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) with superior energy density are among the most promising candidates of next-generation energy storage techniques. As the key step contributing to 75% of the overall capacity, Li2 S deposition remains a formidable challenge for LSBs applications because of its sluggish kinetics. The severe kinetic issue originates from the huge interfacial impedances, indicative of the interface-dominated nature of Li2 S deposition. Accordingly, increasing efforts have been devoted to interface engineering for efficient Li2 S deposition, which has attained inspiring success to date. However, a systematic overview and in-depth understanding of this critical field are still absent. In this review, the principles of interface-controlled Li2 S precipitation are presented, clarifying the pivotal roles of electrolyte-substrate and electrolyte-Li2 S interfaces in regulating Li2 S depositing behavior. For the optimization of the electrolyte-substrate interface, efforts on the design of substrates including metal compounds, functionalized carbons, and organic compounds are systematically summarized. Regarding the regulation of electrolyte-Li2 S interface, the progress of applying polysulfides catholytes, redox mediators, and high-donicity/polarity electrolytes is overviewed in detail. Finally, the challenges and possible solutions aiming at optimizing Li2 S deposition are given for further development of practical LSBs. This review would inspire more insightful works and, more importantly, may enlighten other electrochemical areas concerning heterogeneous deposition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jingxuan Bi
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Siying Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zhuzhu Du
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hongfang Du
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wei Ai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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7
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Gong H, Wang H, Cao Y, Han X, Ma H, Li Y, Sun J. Inhibiting the Dissolution of Lithium Polyphosphides and Enhancing the Reaction Kinetics of a Phosphorus Anode via Screening Functional Additives. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11558-11563. [PMID: 36475852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A high-capacity, low-cost phosphorus anode is considered as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation Li-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the dissolution/shuttle effect of lithium polyphosphides and sluggish electrochemical conversion hinder the practical application of a phosphorus anode, similar to the problems of a sulfur cathode. Although the reported functional additives with physical obstruction and chemical adsorption have been successful in improving the performance of a sulfur cathode, they can not be directly applied to phosphorus due to their deterioration and failure in low voltage. To solve the above problems, we made a systematic investigation to rationally select the functional additives (Li2O, Li2S, and LiF) and effectively guide the experiment. These functional additives possess synergetic effects, including the adsorption of soluble lithium polyphosphides and the catalytic conversion of phosphorus species. The design of these functional additives provides a guiding and screening principle for inhibiting the dissolution of polyphosphides and improving the reaction kinetics of a phosphorus anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Huili Wang
- Tianjin Lishen Battery Joint Stock Co. Ltd., Lishen Res. Inst., Tianjin300384, Peoples R China
| | - Yu Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Ma
- Tianjin Lishen Battery Joint Stock Co. Ltd., Lishen Res. Inst., Tianjin300384, Peoples R China
| | - Yuetao Li
- Tianjin Coslight Automotive Technology Co. Ltd., Tianjin301709, China
| | - Jie Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
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8
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Szczuka C, Karasulu B, Groh MF, Sayed FN, Sherman TJ, Bocarsly JD, Vema S, Menkin S, Emge SP, Morris AJ, Grey CP. Forced Disorder in the Solid Solution Li 3P-Li 2S: A New Class of Fully Reduced Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Anodes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16350-16365. [PMID: 36040461 PMCID: PMC9479069 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
All-solid-state batteries based on non-combustible solid electrolytes are promising candidates for safe energy storage systems. In addition, they offer the opportunity to utilize metallic lithium as an anode. However, it has proven to be a challenge to design an electrolyte that combines high ionic conductivity and processability with thermodynamic stability toward lithium. Herein, we report a new highly conducting solid solution that offers a route to overcome these challenges. The Li-P-S ternary was first explored via a combination of high-throughput crystal structure predictions and solid-state synthesis (via ball milling) of the most promising compositions, specifically, phases within the Li3P-Li2S tie line. We systematically characterized the structural properties and Li-ion mobility of the resulting materials by X-ray and neutron diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (relaxometry), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A Li3P-Li2S metastable solid solution was identified, with the phases adopting the fluorite (Li2S) structure with P substituting for S and the extra Li+ ions occupying the octahedral voids and contributing to the ionic transport. The analysis of the experimental data is supported by extensive quantum-chemical calculations of both structural stability, diffusivity, and activation barriers for Li+ transport. The new solid electrolytes show Li-ion conductivities in the range of established materials, while their composition guarantees thermodynamic stability toward lithium metal anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Szczuka
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Bora Karasulu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Matthias F Groh
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Farheen N Sayed
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K
| | - Timothy J Sherman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Joshua D Bocarsly
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K
| | - Sundeep Vema
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K
| | - Svetlana Menkin
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K
| | - Steffen P Emge
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Andrew J Morris
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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9
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Lim K, Fenk B, Küster K, Acartürk T, Weiss J, Starke U, Popovic J, Maier J. Influence of Porosity of Sulfide-Based Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Their Performance with Liquid and Solid Electrolytes in Li and Na Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:16147-16156. [PMID: 35357146 PMCID: PMC9011351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Realization of all-solid-state batteries combined with metallic Li/Na is still hindered due to the unstable interface between the alkali metal and solid electrolytes, especially for highly promising thiophosphate materials. Artificial and uniform solid-electrolyte interphases (SEIs), serving as thin ion-conducting films, have been considered as a strategy to overcome the issues of such reactive interfaces. Here, we synthesized sulfide-based artificial SEIs (LixSy and NaxSy) on Li and Na by solid/gas reaction between the alkali metal and S vapor. The synthesized films are carefully characterized with various chemical/electrochemical techniques. We show that these artificial SEIs are not beneficial from an application point of view since they either contribute to additional resistances (Li) or do not prevent reactions at the alkali metal/electrolyte interface (Na). We show that NaxSy is more porous than LixSy, supported by (i) its rough morphology observed by focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy, (ii) the rapid decrease of Rinterface (interfacial resistance) in NaxSy-covered-Na symmetric cells with liquid electrolyte upon aging under open-circuit potential, and (iii) the increase of Rinterface in NaxSy-covered-Na solid-state symmetric cells with Na3PS4 electrolyte. The porous SEI allows the penetration of liquid electrolyte or alkali metal creep through its pores, resulting in a continuous chemical reaction. Hence, porosity of SEIs in general should be carefully taken into account in the application of batteries containing both liquid electrolyte and solid electrolyte.
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10
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Gombotz M, Wilkening A, Wilkening HMR. Lithium ion transport in micro- and nanocrystalline lithium sulphide Li 2 S. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 2022; 0. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ion dynamics in binary Li-bearing compounds such as LiF, Li2O and Li2S is rather poor. These compounds do, however, form as decomposition products at the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode materials in lithium-based batteries. They are expected to severely influence the charge transport across this electrode-electrolyte interface and, thus, the overall performance of such systems. Yet, ion dynamics in the nanostructured forms of these binary compounds has scarcely been investigated. Here, we prepared bulk nanostructured Li2S through high-energy ball milling and studied its temperature-dependent ionic conductivity by means of broadband impedance spectroscopy. It turned out that, compared to the unmilled form, Li+ ion conductivity in ball-milled Li2S increased by approximately 3 orders or magnitude. This striking increase is accompanied by a decrease of the average activation energy from ca. 0.9 eV to approximately 0.7 eV. Structural disorder, stress and local distortions are assumed to be responsible for this clear change in macroscopic transport parameters. Fast ion dynamics in or near the interfacial space charge zones might contribute to enhanced dynamics, too. We conclude that Li ion transport in interfacial Li2S, if present in a disordered nanostructured form in lithium-ion batteries, is much faster than originally thought for its ordered counterpart.
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