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Liu Y, Guo J, Zhou H, Li C, Guo X. Correlating π-π Stacking of Aromatic Diammoniums with Stability and Dimensional Reduction of Dion-Jacobson 2D Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8198-8205. [PMID: 38478884 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phase 2D perovskites with various aromatic diammonium cations, potentially possessing high stability, have been developed for optoelectronics. However, their stability does not meet initial expectations, and some of them even easily degrade into lower-dimensional structures. Underlying the stability mechanism and dimensional reduction of these DJ 2D perovskites remains elusive. Herein, we report that π-π stacking intensity between aromatic cations determines structural stability and dimensional variation of DJ 2D perovskites by investigating nine benzene diammoniums (BDAs)-derived low-dimensional perovskites. The BDAs without intermolecular π-π stacking form stable DJ 2D perovskites, while those showing strong π-π stacking tend to generate 1D and 0D architectures. Furthermore, the π-π stacking intensity highly relies on molecular symmetry and electrostatic potential of BDAs; namely, asymmetry and small dipole moment facilitate alleviating the π-π stacking, leading to the formation of DJ 2D perovskites and vice versa. Our findings establish the relationship of aromatic diammonium structure-π-π stacking interaction-perovskite dimensionality, which can guide the design of stable DJ 2D perovskites and the manipulation of perovskite dimensionality for various optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Junxue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hongpeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Abstract
Dissociation of HCl embedded in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) clusters was investigated by projecting the solvent electric field along the HCl bond using B3LYP-D3/6-31+G(d) and MP2/6-31+G(d,p) levels of theory. A large number of distinct structures (about 1500) consisting of up to five DMSO molecules were considered in the present work for statistical reliability. The B3LYP-D3 calculations reveal that the dissociation of HCl embedded in DMSO clusters requires a critical electric field of 138 MV cm-1 along the H-Cl bond. However, a large number of exceptions wherein the electric field values much higher than the critical electric field of 138 MV cm-1 did not result in dissociation of HCl were observed, in addition to several cases wherein the HCl dissociates with an electric field less than the critical electric field. On the other hand, the MP2 level calculations reveal that the critical electric field for HCl dissociation is about 181 MV cm-1 with almost no exceptions. A comparison of calculations carried out using the MP2 and the B3LYP-D3 levels suggests that the dissociation of HCl embedded in DMSO clusters is bistable at the B3LYP-D3 level, which is an artifact, suggesting that care must be exercised in interpreting the processes of proton transfer. The answer to the question raised as the title of this paper is NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopriya Sadhukhan
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Po-Jen Hsu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Lai Kuo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - G Naresh Patwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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Malloum A, Conradie J. Structures, binding energies and non-covalent interactions of furan clusters. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 111:108102. [PMID: 34915345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the furan solvent is subjected to the knowledge of the structures of the furan clusters and interactions taking place therein. Although, furan clusters can be very important to determine the dynamics and the properties of the furan solvent, there has been only a few investigations reported on furan dimer. In this work, we have explored the potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the furan clusters using two incremental levels of theory. Structures have been initially generated using classical molecular dynamics followed by full optimization at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. The results show that the most stable structure of the furan dimer has a stacking configuration while that of the trimer has a cyclic configuration. We have noted that the structures of the furan tetramer have no definite configurations. In addition, we have performed a quantum theory of atoms in molecule (QTAIM) analysis to identify all possible non-covalent interactions of the furan clusters. The results show that six different types of non-covalent interactions can be identified in furan clusters. We have noted that the CH⋯C and CH⋯O hydrogen bondings are the strongest non-covalent interactions while the H⋯H bonding interaction is found to be the weakest. Furthermore, we have assessed the performance of ten DFT functionals in calculating the binding energies of the furan clusters. The ten DFT functionals (M05, M05-2X, M06, M06-2X, M08HX, PBE0, ωB97XD, PW6B95D3, APFD and MN15) have been benchmarked to DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS. The functionals M05-2X and M06 are recommended for further affordable investigations of the furan clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO BOX 46, Maroua, Cameroon.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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