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Manthilake G, Mookherjee M, Miyajima N. Insights on the deep carbon cycle from the electrical conductivity of carbon-bearing aqueous fluids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3745. [PMID: 33580092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The dehydration and decarbonation in the subducting slab are intricately related and the knowledge of the physical properties of the resulting C-H-O fluid is crucial to interpret the petrological, geochemical, and geophysical processes associated with subduction zones. In this study, we investigate the C-H-O fluid released during the progressive devolatilization of carbonate-bearing serpentine-polymorph chrysotile, with in situ electrical conductivity measurements at high pressures and temperatures. The C-H-O fluid produced by carbonated chrysotile exhibits high electrical conductivity compared to carbon-free aqueous fluids and can be an excellent indicator of the migration of carbon in subduction zones. The crystallization of diamond and graphite indicates that the oxidized C-H-O fluids are responsible for the recycling of carbon in the wedge mantle. The carbonate and chrysotile bearing assemblages stabilize dolomite during the devolatilization process. This unique dolomite forming mechanism in chrysotile in subduction slabs may facilitate the transport of carbon into the deep mantle.
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Cassone G. Nuclear Quantum Effects Largely Influence Molecular Dissociation and Proton Transfer in Liquid Water under an Electric Field. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8983-8988. [PMID: 33035059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proton transfer in liquid water controls acid-base chemistry, crucial enzyme reactions, and the functioning of fuel cells. Externally applied static electric fields in water are capable of dissociating molecules and transferring protons across the H-bond network. However, the impact of nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) on these fundamental field-induced phenomena has not yet been reported. By comparing state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and path integral AIMD simulations of water under electric fields, I show that quantum delocalization of the proton lowers the molecular ionization threshold to approximately one-third. Moreover, also the water behavior as a protonic semiconductor is considerably modified by the inclusion of NQEs. In fact, when the quantum nature of the nuclei is taken into account, the proton conductivity is ∼50% larger. This work proves that NQEs sizably affect the protolysis phenomenon and proton transfer in room-temperature liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cassone
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, National Research Council, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
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Fraile A, Smyth M, Kohanoff J, Solov'yov AV. First principles simulation of damage to solvated nucleotides due to shock waves. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:015101. [PMID: 30621408 DOI: 10.1063/1.5028451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a first-principles molecular dynamics study of the effect of shock waves (SWs) propagating in a model biological medium. We find that the SW can cause chemical modifications through varied and complex mechanisms, in particular, phosphate-sugar and sugar-base bond breaks. In addition, the SW promotes the dissociation of water molecules, thus enhancing the ionic strength of the medium. Freed protons can hydrolyze base and sugar rings previously opened by the shock. However, many of these events are only temporary, and bonds reform rapidly. Irreversible damage is observed for pressures above 15-20 GPa. These results are important to gain a better understanding of the microscopic damage mechanisms underlying cosmic-ray irradiation in space and ion-beam cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fraile
- Atomistic Simulation Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Maeve Smyth
- Atomistic Simulation Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Kohanoff
- Atomistic Simulation Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey V Solov'yov
- MBN Research Center, Altenhöferallee 3, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Rozsa V, Pan D, Giberti F, Galli G. Ab initio spectroscopy and ionic conductivity of water under Earth mantle conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6952-7. [PMID: 29915073 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800123115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase diagram of water at extreme conditions plays a critical role in Earth and planetary science, yet remains poorly understood. Here we report a first-principles investigation of the liquid at high temperature, between 11 GPa and 20 GPa-a region where numerous controversial results have been reported over the past three decades. Our results are consistent with the recent estimates of the water melting line below 1,000 K and show that on the 1,000-K isotherm the liquid is rapidly dissociating and recombining through a bimolecular mechanism. We found that short-lived ionic species act as charge carriers, giving rise to an ionic conductivity that at 11 GPa and 20 GPa is six and seven orders of magnitude larger, respectively, than at ambient conditions. Conductivity calculations were performed entirely from first principles, with no a priori assumptions on the nature of charge carriers. Despite frequent dissociative events, we observed that hydrogen bonding persists at high pressure, up to at least 20 GPa. Our computed Raman spectra, which are in excellent agreement with experiment, show no distinctive signatures of the hydronium and hydroxide ions present in our simulations. Instead, we found that infrared spectra are sensitive probes of molecular dissociation, exhibiting a broad band below the OH stretching mode ascribable to vibrations of complex ions.
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Abstract
We describe ultrafast proton transfer in the ground electronic state triggered by the use of shock waves created by high-speed impacts. The emission of Nile Red (NR), a polarity sensing dye, was used to probe the effects of shock compression in a series of polymers, including polymer Brønsted bases blended with organic acid proton donors. NR undergoes a shock-induced red-shift due to an increase both in density and in polymer polarity. In blends with poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) and phenol, NR showed an excess shock-induced red-shift with a distinct time dependence not present in controls that are incapable of proton transfer. The excess red-shift first appeared with 0.8 km·s-1 impacts. Occurring in ca. 10 ns, this NR red-shift was caused by the formation of an ion pair created by shock-triggered proton transfer from phenol to PVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexandr A Banishev
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kenneth S Suslick
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dana D Dlott
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Saitta AM, Saija F, Giaquinta PV. Ab initio molecular dynamics study of dissociation of water under an electric field. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:207801. [PMID: 23003187 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.207801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of liquid water under an electric field is a crucial phenomenon in science and engineering. However, its detailed description at a microscopic level is difficult to achieve experimentally. Here we report on the first ab initio molecular-dynamics study on water under an electric field. We observe that the hydrogen-bond length and the molecular orientation are significantly modified at low-to-moderate field intensities. Fields beyond a threshold of about 0.35 V/Å are able to dissociate molecules and sustain an ionic current via a series of correlated proton jumps. Upon applying even more intense fields (∼1.0 V/Å), a 15%-20% fraction of molecules are instantaneously dissociated and the resulting ionic flow yields a conductance of about 7.8 Ω-1 cm-1, in good agreement with experimental values. This result paves the way to quantum-accurate microscopic studies of the effect of electric fields on aqueous solutions and, thus, to massive applications of ab initio molecular dynamics in neurobiology, electrochemistry, and hydrogen economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marco Saitta
- IMPMC, CNRS-UMR 7590, Université P & M Curie, 75252 Paris, France.
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Abstract
We present a method to calculate ionic conductivities of complex fluids from ab initio simulations. This is achieved by combining density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations with polarization theory. Conductivities are then obtained via a Green-Kubo formula using time-dependent effective charges of electronically screened ions. The method is applied to two different phases of warm dense water. We observe large fluctuations in the effective charges; protons can transport effective charges greater than +e for ultrashort time scales. Furthermore, we compare our results with a simpler model of ionic conductivity in water that is based on diffusion coefficients. Our approach can be directly applied to study ionic conductivities of electronically insulating materials of arbitrary composition, e.g., complex molecular mixtures under such extreme conditions that occur deep inside giant planets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin French
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Physik, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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Chau R, Hamel S, Nellis WJ. Chemical processes in the deep interior of Uranus. Nat Commun 2011; 2:203. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Goldman N, Reed EJ, Kuo IFW, Fried LE, Mundy CJ, Curioni A. Ab initio simulation of the equation of state and kinetics of shocked water. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:124517. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3089426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Guillot
- a Laboratoire de Physique Théorique des Liquides, (CNRS URA 765) Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Boîte 121, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 , Paris Cedex 05 , France
| | - Yves Guissani
- a Laboratoire de Physique Théorique des Liquides, (CNRS URA 765) Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Boîte 121, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 , Paris Cedex 05 , France
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Abstract
The dissociation of water under pressure is investigated with a series of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at thermodynamic conditions close to those obtained in shock wave experiments. We find that molecular dissociation occurs via a bimolecular process similar to ambient conditions, leading to the formation of short-lived hydronium ions. Up to twofold compression and 2000 K, the oxygen diffusion coefficient is characteristic of a fluid. Our findings do not support models used to estimate the liquid electrical conductivity and interpret Raman spectra that assume the presence of free protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schwegler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808 Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Chau R, Mitchell AC, Minich RW, Nellis WJ. Electrical conductivity of water compressed dynamically to pressures of 70–180 GPa (0.7–1.8 Mbar). J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1332079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Oelkers EH, Helgeson HC. Calculation of the transport properties of aqueous species at pressures to 5 KB and temperatures to 1000�C. J SOLUTION CHEM 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00650999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hamilton DC, Nellis WJ, Mitchell AC, Ree FH, van Thiel M. Electrical conductivity and equation of state of shock‐compressed liquid oxygen. J Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1063/1.454657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Mitchell AC, Nellis WJ. Equation of state and electrical conductivity of water and ammonia shocked to the 100 GPa (1 Mbar) pressure range. J Chem Phys 1982. [DOI: 10.1063/1.443030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tomlinson JW. High-Temperature Electrolytes—The Future. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-6884-1_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Holzapfel WB. Effect of Pressure and Temperature on the Conductivity and Ionic Dissociation of Water up to 100 kbar and 1000°C. J Chem Phys 1969. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1670914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jost A, Olschewski HA, Wolfrum J. Das Stoßwellenrohr — einige Anwendungen in Chemie und Physik. CHEM-ING-TECH 1966; 38:1241-1252. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.330381203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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