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McCormick JB, Drusch AS, Lynch DJ, Seeber GH, Wilford KF, Hooper TL, Allen BS, O'Connell DG, Mena-Iturriaga MJ, Cooper KJ, Sizer PS. The Effect of Volitional Preemptive Abdominal Contraction on Biomechanical Measures During A Front Versus Back Loaded Barbell Squat. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:831-844. [PMID: 37547830 PMCID: PMC10399089 DOI: 10.26603/001c.84306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Weightlifting is growing in popularity among recreational and competitive athletes. The barbell back squat (BackS) is commonly included in these training programs, while the barbell front squat (FrontS) is commonly performed as a component of other lifts such as the power clean or clean and jerk, it is less commonly practiced in isolation. Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of VPAC performance on trunk muscle and LE biomechanical responses during loaded BackS versus FrontS in healthy subjects. Study Design Controlled Laboratory Study. Methods Healthy male subjects with the ability to perform a sub-maximal loaded barbell squat lift were recruited. Subjects completed informed consent, demographic/medical history questionnaires and an instructional video. Subjects practiced VPAC and received feedback. Surface electromyography (sEMG) electrodes and kinematic markers were applied. Muscles included were the internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), rectus abdominis, iliocostalis lumborum (ICL), superficial multifidi, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus. Maximal voluntary isometric contractions established reference sEMG values. A squat one-rep-max (1RM) was predicted by researchers using a three to five repetition maximum (3RM, 5RM) load protocol. Subjects performed BackS trials at 75% 1RM while FrontS trials were performed at 75% BackS weight, both with and without VPAC. Subjects performed three repetitions of each condition with feet positioned on two adjacent force plates. Significant interactions and main effects were tested using a 2(VPAC strategy) x 2(squat variation) and 2(VPAC strategy) x 2(direction) within-subject repeated measures ANOVAs. Tukey's Post-Hoc tests identified the location of significant differences. Results Trunk muscle activity was significantly higher during FrontS versus BackS regardless of VPAC condition. (IO: p=0.018, EO: p<0.001, ICL: p<0.001) VPAC increased performance time for both squat variations (p=.0011), which may be associated with decreased detrimental force potential on the lumbar spine and knees. VPAC led to improved ability to maintain a neutral lumbar spine during both squat variations. This finding is associated with decreased detrimental force potential on the lumbar spine. Conclusions Findings could help guide practitioners and coaches to choose squat variations and incorporate VPAC strategies during their treatments and/or training programs. Level of Evidence Level 3©The Author(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B McCormick
- Physical Therapy Department Hardin-Simmons University
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
| | - Alexander S Drusch
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
| | - Darragh J Lynch
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
- Nvision Biomedical Technologies
- Southern California PT Fellowship Program Kaiser Permanente
| | - Gesine H Seeber
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Pius-Hospital University of Oldenburg
- Department of Orthopedics University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
| | - Katherine F Wilford
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
- Physical Therapy Department Mary Baldwin University
| | - Troy L Hooper
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
| | - Brad S Allen
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
| | | | - Maria J Mena-Iturriaga
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo
| | - Kinyata J Cooper
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
| | - Phillip S Sizer
- Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health Professions Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
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Oshikawa T, Adachi G, Akuzawa H, Okubo Y, Kaneoka K. The Influence of Anticipation of Movement Starting Time on Feedforward Activation of Trunk Muscles During Rapid Shoulder Joint Movements. J Hum Kinet 2022; 84:43-52. [DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the differences in the onset of trunk muscle activity with and without anticipation of the movement starting time during rapid shoulder movements. Ten healthy men in a relaxed upright position performed rapid 135° flexion, 135° abduction, and 45° extension of the shoulder on the dominant hand side with and without anticipation of the movement starting time. They moved their shoulder joints following a 3-s countdown and a light stimulus in the anticipation and non-anticipation conditions, respectively. Electromyography of the anterior and posterior quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique, rectus abdominis, lumbar multifidus, lumbar erector spinae on the non-dominant hand side, and the middle deltoid on the dominant hand side were measured. The onset of activity of each trunk muscle relative to the onset of the middle deltoid was calculated. Two-way analysis of variance (eight trunk muscles × two anticipation conditions) was used to compare the onset of electromyographic activity of the trunk muscles in each direction of the shoulder movement. There were significant interactions between the muscles and anticipation conditions during shoulder abduction and extension. The onset of activity in the anterior and posterior quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis, and internal oblique occurred earlier with anticipation of the movement starting time than without anticipation during shoulder abduction and extension. The anticipation of movement starting time may contribute to a reliable center of mass control within the support base and improve lumbar spine stability by hastening the onset of activity of the deep trunk muscles.
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Morito T, Akuzawa H, Okubo Y, Adachi G, Oshikawa T, Kaneoka K. Comparison of abdominal muscle activity with various verbal instructions and onset activity analysis during draw-in maneuver. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:264-271. [PMID: 36110262 PMCID: PMC9449087 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244254.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Draw-in is a promising intervention for regaining isolated control of the transverse abdominis (TrA). Exercises to stimulate isolated contractions are needed; however, the appropriate methods are unclear. The objectives of this study were to examine how the muscle activity and muscle activity ratio of abdominal muscles change with various verbal instructions and to determine the onset of the abdominal muscles during draw-in. The participants were 21 healthy men. TrA electromyography was performed using fine-wire electrodes, and the internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and rectus abdominis (RA) were determined using surface electrodes. The participants performed seven abdominal exercises according to verbal instructions and isolated voluntary contraction of the TrA for more than 5 sec. The TrA showed higher activity in bracing. IO and EO activities were highest in bracing, whereas RA showed the highest activity in maximum bracing. TrA/IO and TrA/EO were not significantly different between conditions. The results of the onset activity analysis of the abdominal muscles during the draw-in maneuver showed that the TrA was significantly earlier than the other muscles. The activity ratios of TrA to IO and EO were highly individualized and did not differ according to the verbal instruction. Maximum draw-in showed more significant IO activity, and bracing showed co-contraction of the superficial and deep abdominal muscles. During draw-in, the TrA initiated the earliest activity among the abdominal muscles and then isolated activity for 1.1 sec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Morito
- Graduate School of Sports Sciences, Waseda University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akuzawa
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Science, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata,
Japan
| | - Yu Okubo
- Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama,
Japan
| | - Gen Adachi
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Tokorozawa, Saitama,
Japan
| | - Tomoki Oshikawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Koji Kaneoka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo,
Japan
- Corresponding author: Koji Kaneoka, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Higashifushimi, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 202-0021, Japan,
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Kurokawa Y, Kato S, Demura S, Shinmura K, Yokogawa N, Yonezawa N, Shimizu T, Kitagawa R, Miaki H, Tsuchiya H. Validation and comparison of trunk muscle activities in male participants during exercise using an innovative device and abdominal bracing maneuvers. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2022; 35:589-596. [PMID: 34397401 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-210001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal bracing is effective in strengthening the trunk muscles; however, assessing performance can be challenging. We created a device for performing abdominal trunk muscle exercises. The effectiveness of this device has not yet been evaluated or comparedOBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify muscle activity levels during exercise using our innovative device and to compare them with muscle activation during abdominal bracing maneuvers. METHODS This study included 10 men who performed abdominal bracing exercises and exercises using our device. We measured surface electromyogram (EMG) activities of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique (IO), and erector spinae (ES) muscles in each of the exercises. The EMG data were normalized to those recorded during maximal voluntary contraction (%EMGmax). RESULTS During the bracing exercise, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of RA and ES (p< 0.05), whereas during the exercises using the device, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of ES (p< 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the %EMGmax of any muscle between bracing exercises and the exercises using the device (p= 0.13-0.95). CONCLUSIONS The use of our innovative device results in comparable activation to that observed during abdominal bracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kurokawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Demura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriaki Yokogawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yonezawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takaki Shimizu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroichi Miaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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Talasz H, Kremser C, Talasz HJ, Kofler M, Rudisch A. Breathing, (S)Training and the Pelvic Floor—A Basic Concept. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1035. [PMID: 35742086 PMCID: PMC9222935 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10061035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The current scientific literature is inconsistent regarding the potential beneficial or deleterious effects of high-intensity physical activities on the pelvic floor (PF) in women. So far, it has not been established with certainty whether disparate breathing mechanisms may exert short- or long-term influence on the PF function in this context, although based on the established physiological interrelationship of breathing with PF activation, this seems plausible. Objective: To propose a basic concept of the influence of different breathing patterns on the PF during strenuous physical efforts. Methodical approaches: Review of the recent literature, basic knowledge of classical western medicine regarding the principles of muscle physiology and the biomechanics of breathing, additional schematic illustrations, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data corroborate the proposed concept and exemplify the consequences of strenuous efforts on the PF in relation to respective breathing phases. Conclusion: The pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) physiologically act as expiratory muscles in synergy with the anterolateral abdominal muscles, contracting during expiration and relaxing during inspiration. Obviously, a strenuous physical effort requires an expiratory motor synergy with the PFM and abdominal muscles in a co-contracted status to train the PFM and protect the PF against high intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Holding breath in an inspiratory pattern during exertion stresses the PF because the high IAP impinges on the relaxed, hence insufficiently protected, PFMs. It seems conceivable that such disadvantageous breathing, if performed regularly and repeatedly, may ultimately cause PF dysfunction. At any rate, future research needs to take into account the respective breathing cycles during measurements and interventions addressing PFM function.
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Saiklang P, Puntumetakul R, Chatprem T. The Effect of Core Stabilization Exercise with the Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver Technique on Stature Change during Prolonged Sitting in Sedentary Workers with Chronic Low Back Pain. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19031904. [PMID: 35162924 PMCID: PMC8835683 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To enhance stature recovery, lumbar spine stabilization by stimulating the deep trunk muscle activation for compensation forces originating from the upper body was introduced. The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) technique has been found mainly to activate deep trunk muscles. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether 5 weeks of training of deep trunk muscles using the ADIM technique could improve stature recovery, delay trunk muscle fatigue, and decrease pain intensity during prolonged sitting. Thirty participants with chronic low back pain (CLBP) conducted a core stabilization exercise (CSE) with the ADIM technique for 5 weeks. Participants were required to sit for 41 min before and after the exercise intervention. Stature change was measured using a seated stadiometer with a resolution of ±0.006 mm. During sitting, the stature change, pain intensity, and trunk muscle fatigue were recorded. A comparison between measurements at baseline and after 5 weeks of training demonstrated: (i) stature recovery and pain intensity significantly improved throughout the 41 min sitting condition; (ii) the bilaterally trunk muscle showed significantly decreased fatigue. The CSE with the ADIM technique was shown to provide a protective effect on detrimental reductions in stature change and trunk muscle fatigue during prolonged sitting in young participants under controlled conditions in a laboratory. This information may help to prevent the risk of LBP from prolonged sitting activities in real life situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsatorn Saiklang
- Division of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Srinakharinwiroj University, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand;
| | - Rungthip Puntumetakul
- Research Center of Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Thiwaphon Chatprem
- Research Center of Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
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Hendrycks R, Yang M, Hitchcock R, Leitner M, Niederauer S, Nygaard IE, Sheng X, Shaw JM. Temporal trends in trunk flexor endurance and intra-abdominal pressure in postpartum women. Physiother Theory Pract 2021; 37:1217-1226. [PMID: 31686567 PMCID: PMC7198326 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1686792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To describe change in trunk flexor endurance and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) associated with trunk flexor assessment and explore factors associated with change in trunk flexor endurance during the first postpartum year.Design: Ancillary analysis of an ongoing prospective cohort study.Methods: Participants (N = 282) were primiparous women delivered vaginally. They completed trunk flexor endurance testing while assessing IAP, body habitus measures (body mass index, waist circumference, and body composition), and questionnaires 5-10 weeks and 11-15 months postpartum. We investigated change in trunk flexor endurance by quartile of improvement and factors associated with improvement (Q4 vs. Q1-Q3) using multivariable models, adjusted for baseline endurance.Results: Mean age was 28 ± 5 years. The median (IQR) trunk flexor hold time increased from early to late postpartum (129/IQR = 68, 217 vs 148/IQR = 80, 265 seconds, p = .01) and mean (SD) IAP decreased (55/SD = 13 vs 48/SD = 14 cmH20, p < .0001). The most improved group (Q4) increased endurance time by 176 seconds (95% CI = 103, 254), were less likely to be Hispanic, more likely to be older, more educated, and have lower measures of body habitus than women in Q1-Q3. Conclusion: Trunk flexor endurance increased and IAP decreased over one year postpartum. Lower body habitus and higher age early postpartum predicted greatest improvement in trunk flexor endurance at 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Hendrycks
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, 250 S. 1850 E. Room 241, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way Ste. A, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108
| | - Robert Hitchcock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 36 S. Wasatch Drive, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112
| | - Monika Leitner
- Department of Health Professions, Murtenstrasse 10, Bern University of Applied Sciences, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Niederauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 36 S. Wasatch Drive, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112
| | - Ingrid E. Nygaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 30 N. 1900 E. Room 2B200, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
| | - Xiaoming Sheng
- College of Nursing, 10 S. 2000 E., University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112
| | - Janet M. Shaw
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, 250 S. 1850 E. Room 241, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112
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Novak J, Jacisko J, Busch A, Cerny P, Stribrny M, Kovari M, Podskalska P, Kolar P, Kobesova A. Intra-abdominal pressure correlates with abdominal wall tension during clinical evaluation tests. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 88:105426. [PMID: 34303067 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abdominal muscles play an important respiratory and stabilization role, and in coordination with other muscles regulate the intra-abdominal pressure stabilizing the spine. The evaluation of postural trunk muscle function is critical in clinical assessments of patients with musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. This study evaluates the relationship between intra-abdominal pressure measured as anorectal pressure with objective abdominal wall tension recorded by mechanical-pneumatic-electronic sensors. METHODS In a cross-sectional observational study, thirty-one asymptomatic participants (mean age = 26.77 ± 3.01 years) underwent testing to measure intra-abdominal pressure via anorectal manometry, along with abdominal wall tension measured by sensors attached to a trunk brace (DNS Brace). They were evaluated in five different standing postural-respiratory situations: resting breathing, Valsalva maneuver, Müller's maneuver, instructed breathing, loaded breathing when holding a dumbbell. FINDINGS Strong correlations were demonstrated between anorectal manometry and DNS Brace measurements in all scenarios; and DNS Brace values significantly predicted intra-abdominal pressure values for all scenarios: resting breathing (r = 0.735, r2 = 0.541, p < 0.001), Valsalva maneuver (r = 0.836, r2 = 0.699, p < 0.001), Müller's maneuver (r = 0.651, r2 = 0.423, p < 0.001), instructed breathing (r = 0.708, r2 = 0.501, p < 0.001), and loaded breathing (r = 0.921, r2 = 0.848, p < 0.001). INTERPRETATION Intra-abdominal pressure is strongly correlated with, and predicted by abdominal wall tension monitored above the inguinal ligament and in the area of superior trigonum lumbale. This study demonstrates that intra-abdominal pressure can be evaluated indirectly by monitoring the abdominal wall tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Novak
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Jacisko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew Busch
- Department of Health and Human Kinetics, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, United States
| | - Pavel Cerny
- Faculty of Health Care Studies, University of West Bohemia, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Stribrny
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kovari
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patricie Podskalska
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kolar
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kobesova
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Puntumetakul R, Saiklang P, Tapanya W, Chatprem T, Kanpittaya J, Arayawichanon P, Boucaut R. The Effects of Core Stabilization Exercise with the Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver Technique versus General Strengthening Exercise on Lumbar Segmental Motion in Patients with Clinical Lumbar Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial with 12-Month Follow-Up. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18157811. [PMID: 34360103 PMCID: PMC8345381 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trunk stability exercises that focus on either deep or superficial muscles might produce different effects on lumbar segmental motion. This study compared outcomes in 34 lumbar instability patients in two exercises at 10 weeks and 12 months follow up. Participants were divided into either Core stabilization (deep) exercise, incorporating abdominal drawing-in maneuver technique (CSE with ADIM), or General strengthening (superficial) exercise (STE). Outcome measures were pain, muscle activation, and lumbar segmental motion. Participants in CSE with ADIM had significantly less pain than those in STE at 10 weeks. They showed significantly more improvement of abdominal muscle activity ratio than participants in STE at 10 weeks and 12 months follow-up. Participants in CSE with ADIM had significantly reduced sagittal translation at L4-L5 and L5-S1 compared with STE at 10 weeks. Participants in CSE with ADIM had significantly reduced sagittal translations at L4-L5 and L5-S1 compared with participants in STE at 10 weeks, whereas STE demonstrated significantly increased sagittal rotation at L4-L5. However, at 12 months follow-up, levels of lumbar sagittal translation were increased in both groups. CSE with ADIM which focuses on increasing deep trunk muscle activity can reduce lumbar segmental translation and should be recommended for lumbar instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungthip Puntumetakul
- Research Center of Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-834196186
| | - Pongsatorn Saiklang
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand;
| | - Weerasak Tapanya
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | - Thiwaphon Chatprem
- Research Center of Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Jaturat Kanpittaya
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Preeda Arayawichanon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Rose Boucaut
- iCAHE (International Centre for Allied Health Evidence), School of Health Sciences (Physiotherapy), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
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Machado LDS, Marques Cerentini T, Laganà AS, Viana da Rosa P, Fichera M, Telles da Rosa LH. Pelvic floor evaluation in CrossFit® athletes and urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional observational study. Women Health 2021; 61:490-499. [PMID: 33993850 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2021.1927288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Athletic urinary incontinence is characterized by urinary loss during sports practice. This condition occurs in the case of CrossFit®, a modality based on high intensity training and functional movements, it can also be considered as having a high impact on the pelvic floor. This study aimed to compare the force and the contraction capacity of the pelvic floor musculature and urinary incontinence between female CrossFit® practitioners (AG) and non-practitioners (CG). We performed a cross-sectional observational study in the period from December 2018 and May 2019. Complaints of urinary incontinence was assessed by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF); the functional evaluation of the pelvic floor was performed by digital palpation; resting tone, maximum voluntary contraction, fast contractions and sustained contraction of the pelvic floor muscles was tested by electromyography. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was significantly higher in AG compared with CG (p < .001). Nevertheless, we did not find significant differences between the two groups for functional assessment and electromyographic parameters. The AG presented a prevalence 60% of UI, while CG only 9,5 (p < 0,001). Considering this point, tailored prevention strategies seem mandatory in this population, in order to allow early identification and management of urinary incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandra da Silva Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Taís Marques Cerentini
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Patrícia Viana da Rosa
- Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Michele Fichera
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luís Henrique Telles da Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Saiklang P, Puntumetakul R, Swangnetr Neubert M, Boucaut R. The immediate effect of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver technique on stature change in seated sedentary workers with chronic low back pain. Ergonomics 2021:1-14. [PMID: 33190607 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1810326_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have measured stature change arising from loads imposed on the spine during sitting. To improve stature recovery, it is important to stabilise the lumbar spine and compensate forces from the upper body. The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) technique has been found to mainly activate deep trunk muscles. The purpose of this study was to determine whether activation of deep trunk muscles by the ADIM technique could immediately improve stature recovery during prolonged sitting. Twenty-four patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) were randomly allocated into different orders of experimental conditions: control (sitting without ADIM technique) and intervention conditions (sitting with ADIM technique). The latter condition required participants to complete ADIM technique for 1 min and repeat it three times throughout 41 min prolonged sitting time. Stature recovery was improved by 3.292 mm in the intervention condition compared with control condition (p-value = 0.001). Our finding demonstrated that ADIM technique improved stature recovery. Practitioner Summary: Prolonged sitting seemingly harms sedentary workers' health, particularly affecting the lower back. Activation of deep trunk muscles using abdominal drawing-in maneuver technique can promote spinal recovery. Clinicians can teach abdominal drawing-in maneuver technique to activate deep trunk muscles in chronic low back pain, thereby promoting self-management of seated stature recovery. Abbrevations: ADIM: abdominal drawing-in maneuver; RA: rectus abdominis; ICLT: iliocostalis lumborum pars thoracis; LM: lumbar multifidus; TrA: transversus abdominis; IO: internal oblique; CLBP: chronic low back pain; LBP: low back pain; RMDQ: Roland Morris disability questionnaire; NRS: numerical rating scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsatorn Saiklang
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rungthip Puntumetakul
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Manida Swangnetr Neubert
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Production Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rose Boucaut
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Saiklang P, Puntumetakul R, Swangnetr Neubert M, Boucaut R. The immediate effect of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver technique on stature change in seated sedentary workers with chronic low back pain. Ergonomics 2021; 64:55-68. [PMID: 32799753 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1810326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have measured stature change arising from loads imposed on the spine during sitting. To improve stature recovery, it is important to stabilise the lumbar spine and compensate forces from the upper body. The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) technique has been found to mainly activate deep trunk muscles. The purpose of this study was to determine whether activation of deep trunk muscles by the ADIM technique could immediately improve stature recovery during prolonged sitting. Twenty-four patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) were randomly allocated into different orders of experimental conditions: control (sitting without ADIM technique) and intervention conditions (sitting with ADIM technique). The latter condition required participants to complete ADIM technique for 1 min and repeat it three times throughout 41 min prolonged sitting time. Stature recovery was improved by 3.292 mm in the intervention condition compared with control condition (p-value = 0.001). Our finding demonstrated that ADIM technique improved stature recovery. Practitioner Summary: Prolonged sitting seemingly harms sedentary workers' health, particularly affecting the lower back. Activation of deep trunk muscles using abdominal drawing-in maneuver technique can promote spinal recovery. Clinicians can teach abdominal drawing-in maneuver technique to activate deep trunk muscles in chronic low back pain, thereby promoting self-management of seated stature recovery. Abbrevations: ADIM: abdominal drawing-in maneuver; RA: rectus abdominis; ICLT: iliocostalis lumborum pars thoracis; LM: lumbar multifidus; TrA: transversus abdominis; IO: internal oblique; CLBP: chronic low back pain; LBP: low back pain; RMDQ: Roland Morris disability questionnaire; NRS: numerical rating scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsatorn Saiklang
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rungthip Puntumetakul
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Manida Swangnetr Neubert
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Production Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rose Boucaut
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Lee J, Jeon J, Lee D, Hong J, Yu J, Kim J. Effect of trunk stabilization exercise on abdominal muscle thickness, balance and gait abilities of patients with hemiplegic stroke: A randomized controlled trial. NeuroRehabilitation 2020; 47:435-442. [DOI: 10.3233/nre-203133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Trunk stability has been identified as an important prerequisite of functional movement. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of core muscle contraction training on abdominal muscle thickness, balance, and gait ability in stroke patients. METHODS: Thirty patients with stroke were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. All groups received conventional therapeutic exercise program for six weeks. The experimental groups additionally trained trunk stability exercise with abdominal hollowing or bracing maneuvers within training time. Primary outcome measures were evaluated abdominal muscle thickness using the sonography. Secondary outcome measures were evaluated by the Functional Reach Test (FRT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), 10-meter walk test (10MWT), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG). RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the effect of trunk stability training for the experimental groups on the abdominal muscles thickness change was observed (p < 0.05). The values in balance and gait measures, BBS, FRT, 10MWT, and TUG, showed significant improvement after the intervention periods (p < 0.05), although no significant differences were found in scores of gait and balance scales among groups. CONCLUSIONS: Trunk stability training with selective abdominal muscles activation has beneficial effects on abdominal muscles, balance, and mobility in stroke patients. Our findings might provide support for introducing stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Lee
- Dawoori Rehabilitation Hospital, Cheonahn, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Jeon
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Sunmoon University, Asan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Sunmoon University, Asan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiheon Hong
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Sunmoon University, Asan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Yu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Sunmoon University, Asan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseop Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Sunmoon University, Asan-si, Republic of Korea
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Madokoro S, Yokogawa M, Miaki H. Effect of the Abdominal Draw-In Maneuver and Bracing on Abdominal Muscle Thickness and the Associated Subjective Difficulty in Healthy Individuals. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:496. [PMID: 33227933 PMCID: PMC7712241 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the trunk abdominal muscle thickness while performing different exercises to identify the most effective training and to investigate the subjective difficulty associated with exercising. Twenty-eight men (mean age: 21.6 ± 0.9 years) without orthopedic diseases were enrolled. Ultrasonic imaging was used to measure the thickness of the transversus abdominis (TA), internal oblique, and external oblique muscles while at rest and while performing the abdominal draw-in maneuver and abdominal bracing. Measurements were made in the supine and sitting positions, and the subjective difficulty in performing each exercise was examined using a 5-level evaluation scale. The TA and internal oblique muscle thicknesses were significantly greater during the abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) than during bracing or resting, in the supine and sitting positions. The subjective difficulty of abdominal bracing (AB) was graded significantly higher than that of ADIM. Additionally, a correlation between subjective difficulty and muscle thickness was found for the TA and IO. Our results may contribute to the choice of more effective exercises for spinal stability.
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García-Jaén M, Cortell-Tormo JM, Hernández-Sánchez S, Tortosa-Martínez J. Influence of Abdominal Hollowing Maneuver on the Core Musculature Activation during the Prone Plank Exercise. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E7410. [PMID: 33053717 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study of repeated measures investigated whether integrating the abdominal hollowing maneuver (AHM) into the prone plank performance is an effective strategy for increasing both the activation of the deep and superficial core musculature. Electromyographical (EMG) responses of rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and lumbar erector spinae (LES), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) of 20 participants (13 male, 7 female; mean ± standard deviation (SD) age: 24.25 ± 3.54 years; body mass: 66.42 ± 8.40 kg; height: 1.70 ± 9.51 m) were compared across two experimental conditions: the traditional prone plank (STANDARD); and a variation including the AHM (HOLLOWING). Regarding Total Intensity, HOLLOWING resulted in significantly greater EMG response than STANDARD (p < 0.001; Effect size (ES) = 3.01). Specifically, RA showed no significant differences between STANDARD and HOLLOWING (p = 0.056; ES = 0.285). However, for the remaining analyzed muscles, HOLLOWING significantly provided higher EMG activation compared to STANDARD (LES: p = 0.004; ES = 0.619; left EO: p < 0.001; ES = 1.031; right EO: p < 0.001; ES = 1.419; left IO: p < 0.001; ES = 2.021; right IO: p < 0.001; ES = 2.269). Regarding RPE, HOLLOWING reported values significantly greater than STANDARD (p < 0.001; ES = 2.94). In conclusion, integrating the AHM into the prone plank exercise enhances overall abdominal activity, particularly in both obliques. These findings provide updated guidelines for lumbar stabilization and core strengthening in health-related physical fitness programs.
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Muramoto Y, Kuruma H. Comparison between bracing and hollowing trunk exercise with a focus on the change in T2 values obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240213. [PMID: 33031452 PMCID: PMC7544128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activity of Bracing and Hollowing trunk exercises by means of T2 values using MRI. Subjects were 19 healthy adult males, of whom 10 (with mean height ± SD: 172.3 ± 4.7 cm, mean weight ± SD: 64.3 ± 5.4 kg, mean age ± SD 21.5 ± 1.9 years) performed hollowing and 9 (with mean height ± SD: 171.3 ± 2.1 cm, mean weight ± SD: 68.5 ± 11.7 kg, mean age ± SD: 23.0 ± 2.6 years) performed bracing. They were assessed using MRI. The imaging was completed using Osirix software, which measured T2 values from the transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and multifidus (MF) muscles. Subsequently, T2 values recorded before the exercise were compared with those recorded after the exercise to evaluate the extent of change effected by exercise on the muscles. MRI T2 values indicated that the TrA and IO regions were activated to a significantly greater degree after bracing. No significant changes occurred in any muscle before and after hollowing. It was determined that the activity of the deeper trunk muscles was higher in bracing than in hollowing on comparing the T2 values obtained in the MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Muramoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Katsushika Edogawa Hospital, Katsushika, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hironobu Kuruma
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent literature about the potential role of chronic exercise on pelvic floor support and function. RECENT FINDINGS Stress urinary incontinence is common during physical activity. Scant evidence suggests a dose-response association between higher volumes of exercise and urinary incontinence. Athletes do not appear to have greater pelvic floor muscle strength or worse pelvic floor support compared to nonathletes. Pelvic floor muscle electromyographic activity increases substantially as running speeds increase. SUMMARY Based on the current literature, no strong conclusions can be drawn about whether chronic exercise exerts a positive or negative influence on pelvic floor support and function. Adopting longitudinal research methodology that prospectively monitors exercise exposure and subsequent changes in pelvic floor support and function would help to reduce selection bias associated with cross sectional studies on groups of athletes.
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Tayashiki K, Mizuno F, Kanehisa H, Miyamoto N. Causal effect of intra-abdominal pressure on maximal voluntary isometric hip extension torque. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 118:93-99. [PMID: 29085998 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) has been recently shown to be associated specifically with maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque of hip extension, although the causal relationship remains unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate whether IAP has a causal effect on hip extension MVC torque. METHODS IAP during hip extension MVC was changed by controlling the lung volume (i.e., depth of inspiration). Twelve healthy males conducted MVCs of hip extension during breath-hold at full inspiration (inspiratory condition) or expiration (expiratory condition), or during normal breath-hold (normal condition). IAP during MVCs was measured a pressure transducer placed in the rectum. RESULTS The IAP during hip extension MVC was significantly higher in inspiratory condition (132.0 ± 46.1 mmHg) than in the other two conditions and also higher in normal condition (104.6 ± 35.9 mmHg) than in expiratory condition (77.0 ± 39.1 mmHg). The hip extension MVC torque was significantly higher in inspiratory condition (297.7 ± 82.7 N m) than in expiratory condition (266.4 ± 84.5 N m). In each condition, the hip extension MVC torque correlated with IAP during the MVC task. CONCLUSION The current results suggest that IAP has a positive causal effect on hip extension MVC torque and that a sufficient increase in IAP directly leads to an enhancement of hip extension MVC torque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Tayashiki
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2311, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Mizuno
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2311, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2311, Japan
| | - Naokazu Miyamoto
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2311, Japan.
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Washino S, Kanehisa H, Yoshitake Y. Neck inspiratory muscle activation patterns during well-controlled inspiration. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:2085-2097. [PMID: 28823081 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surprisingly, the activation characteristics of the neck inspiratory muscles as a function of key inspiratory mechanical parameters have yet to be demonstrated experimentally under well-controlled conditions. This study aimed to elucidate the muscle activation patterns of the neck inspiratory muscles by strictly controlling flow rate and lung volume. METHODS Thirteen healthy subjects matched their inspiratory flow rate at approximately 20-100% of peak flow rate (PFR) as steady as possible during inspiration. Amplitude of surface electromyogram (EMG) of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and scalene were calculated for every increase in %PFR over a duration corresponding to an increase in lung volume by 10% of forced vital capacity (FVC), as well as for every 5% increment of FVC over a point corresponding to an increase in flow rate by 20%PFR to determine the %PFR-EMG and %FVC-EMG relations, respectively. RESULTS Regression analyses showed that EMGs of the neck inspiratory muscles exponentially increased with increase in %PFR and their associated variables which reflect recruitment onset when increasing flow rate increased with increasing %FVC. In %FVC-EMG relation, a linear regression analysis showed positive slope at all %PFR and positive y-intercept at 80% PFR. CONCLUSIONS The main new finding is that the neck inspiratory muscle activities increase with flow rate as well as lung volume. The positive y-intercept of the %FVC-EMG relation at higher %PFR indicates that the neck inspiratory muscles are always activated even when lung volume level is low, implying that SCM is not necessarily an "accessory" muscle as described in previous observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Washino
- Graduate School of Physical Education, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 8912393, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- Department of Sports and Life Sciences, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 8912393, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Yoshitake
- Department of Sports and Life Sciences, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 8912393, Japan.
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Tayashiki K, Hirata K, Ishida K, Kanehisa H, Miyamoto N. Associations of maximal voluntary isometric hip extension torque with muscle size of hamstring and gluteus maximus and intra-abdominal pressure. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1267-1272. [PMID: 28429109 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Muscle size of the hamstring and gluteus maximus (GM) as well as intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) are considered as factors affecting the torque development during hip extension. This study examined the associations of torque development during maximal voluntary isometric hip extension with IAP and muscle size of the hamstring and GM. METHODS Anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) of the hamstring and thickness of GM were determined in 20 healthy young males using an ultrasonography apparatus (Experiment 1). Torque and IAP were simultaneously measured while subjects performed maximal voluntary isometric hip extension. The IAP was measured using a pressure transducer placed in the rectum and determined at the time at which the developed torque reached to the maximal. In Experiment 2, torque and IAP were measured during maximal voluntary isometric hip flexion in 18 healthy young males. RESULTS The maximal hip extension torque was significantly correlated with the IAP (r = 0.504, P = 0.024), not with the ACSA of the hamstring (r = 0.307, P = 0.188) or the thickness of GM (r = 0.405, P = 0.076). The relationship was still significant even when the ACSA of the hamstring and the thickness of GM were adjusted statistically (r = 0.486, P = 0.041). The maximal hip flexion torque was not significantly correlated with the IAP (r = -0.118, P = 0.642). CONCLUSION The current results suggest that IAP can contribute independently of the muscle size of the agonists to maximal voluntary hip extension torque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Tayashiki
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hirata
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Kiraku Ishida
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan
| | - Naokazu Miyamoto
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan.
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