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Chlipała P, Tronina T, Dymarska M, Urbaniak M, Kozłowska E, Stępień Ł, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Janeczko T. Multienzymatic biotransformation of flavokawain B by entomopathogenic filamentous fungi: structural modifications and pharmacological predictions. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:65. [PMID: 38402203 PMCID: PMC10893614 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavokawain B is one of the naturally occurring chalcones in the kava plant (Piper methysticum). It exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antimalarial properties. Due to its therapeutic potential, flavokawain B holds promise for the treatment of many diseases. However, due to its poor bioavailability and low aqueous solubility, its application remains limited. The attachment of a sugar unit impacts the stability and solubility of flavonoids and often determines their bioavailability and bioactivity. Biotransformation is an environmentally friendly way to improve the properties of compounds, for example, to increase their hydrophilicity and thus affect their bioavailability. Recent studies proved that entomopathogenic filamentous fungi from the genera Isaria and Beauveria can perform O-methylglycosylation of hydroxyflavonoids or O-demethylation and hydroxylation of selected chalcones and flavones. RESULTS In the present study, we examined the ability of entomopathogenic filamentous fungal strains of Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria caledonica, Isaria farinosa, Isaria fumosorosea, and Isaria tenuipes to transform flavokawain B into its glycosylated derivatives. The main process occurring during the reaction is O-demethylation and/or hydroxylation followed by 4-O-methylglycosylation. The substrate used was characterized by low susceptibility to transformations compared to our previously described transformations of flavones and chalcones in the cultures of the tested strains. However, in the culture of the B. bassiana KCh J1.5 and BBT, Metarhizium robertsii MU4, and I. tenuipes MU35, the expected methylglycosides were obtained with high yields. Cheminformatic analyses indicated altered physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties in the derivatives compared to flavokawain B. Pharmacological predictions suggested potential anticarcinogenic activity, caspase 3 stimulation, and antileishmanial effects. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the study provided valuable insights into the enzymatic transformations of flavokawain B by entomopathogenic filamentous fungi, elucidating the structural modifications and predicting potential pharmacological activities of the obtained derivatives. The findings contribute to the understanding of the biocatalytic capabilities of these microbial cultures and the potential therapeutic applications of the modified flavokawain B derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Chlipała
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Tronina
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland
| | - Monika Dymarska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland
| | - Monika Urbaniak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poland
| | - Ewa Kozłowska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland
| | - Łukasz Stępień
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poland
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Norwida 25, 50-375, Poland.
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Oral Pharmacokinetics of Hydroxycinnamic Acids: An Updated Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122663. [PMID: 36559157 PMCID: PMC9784852 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) such as caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), coumaric acid (COA) isomers, ferulic acid (FA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) are natural phenolic acids with widespread distribution in vegetal foods and well-documented pharmacological activities. However, the low bioavailability of HCAs impairs their administration by the oral route. The present review addresses new findings and important factors/obstacles for their oral administration, which were unexplored in the reviews published a decade ago concerning the bioavailability of phenolic acids. Based on this, the article aims to perform an updated review of the water solubility and gastrointestinal stability of HCAs, as well as describe their oral absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) processes by in vitro, ex vivo, in situ and in vivo methods.
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Li H, Zeng H, He D, Wang M, Liu L, Liang W, Shu Y, Zhao S, Sun G, Lv C, Xiao C, Liu Y. A new approach to examining the extraction process of Zhishi and Zhiqiao considering the synergistic effect of complex mixtures by PAMPA. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1099:10-17. [PMID: 30236780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zhishi (ZS) and Zhiqiao (ZQ) are two important traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) that exert various pharmacological functions due to their active ingredients. However, the oral absorption of these ingredients requires further study. At the early drug discovery stage, the high-throughput parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) is one of the most frequently used to predict transcellular passive absorption in in-vitro models. This study aims to establish a new approach to examine an optimal extraction process that can take into account not only the concentration of active ingredients but also the overall absorption properties of the mixtures extracted from TCMs. A high-performance liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method was validated for the determination of the effective permeability value (Pe) applied to the above experimental medium. The PAMPA experiment showed that certain active ingredients such as diosmin, rhoifolin, eriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin were not detected in the permeability assay of mono-constituents but were well detected and achieved a better absorption in the permeability assay of the mixture, indicating that certain unknown ingredients may act as cosolvents to improve the solubility or permeability of other ingredients. Furthermore, solid phase extraction (SPE) as an enrichment and purification process enhances absorption. In the present study, a novel in vitro approach was developed to decipher the potential role of TCMs in global absorption, and the extraction process for complex TCMs was described and systematically optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Honglian Zeng
- Center for Certification and Evaluation, Guangdong Food and Drug Administration, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Dan He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Menglei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yisong Shu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- Chaozhou People's Hospital, Guangdong 521000, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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